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on Confederation of Independent States |
| By: | Shyam Upadhyaya (UNIDO); Liudmila Kitrar (National Research University Higher School of Economics); Georgy Vladimirovich Ostapkovich (National Research University Higher School of Economics); Tamara Lipkind (National Research University Higher School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | The main goal of the study is to identify the scope and trends in the manufacturing development of Russia and other countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) in the context of integration effectiveness, industrial policies quality and competitiveness growth. Under current unfavorable conditions – the fall in world oil prices, devaluation of national currencies, and reduction of business activity due to uncertainty of future strategies – the essential issue is whether the favorable integration possibilities of the past periods of intensive rise in 2005-2008 and 2010-2012 in the national economies development in the CIS region to build competitive potential for reindustrialization were fully realized. The analyzed period 2005-2014 is presented by the authors as a reference period of economic dynamics, covering for Russia and the CIS countries a full business cycle from the beginning of one deep recession (2008-2009) until another recession (2014).The research object is manufacturing sectors in Russia and other CIS countries. The study results show that in the analyzed period, large-scale industrialization has not occurred in these countries, largely due to the lack of the national economies structural transformations. The impressive manufacturing growth in a number of smaller CIS countries has not led to those countries’ participation in the highly competitive international processes. By the end of the analyzed period, the need for diversification of the national economies and exports and implementation of balanced economic policies only intensified. These policies should support both structural reforms and demand and be aimed to increase productivity, eliminate barriers of the manufacturing development and enable foreign markets access. |
| Keywords: | industrialization, manufacturing, structural changes, industrial potential, export potential |
| JEL: | E32 L16 O14 O25 O47 O57 |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hig:wpaper:60sti2016&r=cis |
| By: | GUSEV Vladimir; : MALIY Vadim (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration- Stolypin Volga Region Institute of administration) |
| Abstract: | The article presents a comparative analysis of Soviet and modern Russian innovative projects on various grounds, said the reasons for the success of the strategic defense of innovations during the Soviet period and the modest achievements of modern innovative institutions of the Russian Federation and development in them. Also it addresses the issue of the loss in recent decades innovations of the Soviet period and referred to the need to revive the Soviet experience in this area. Summing up, we note that the innovative activity in the Russian Federation, contrary to all the negative factors developing, the success of this work depends largely on whether the return of modern Russia to the innovative practices of the Soviet Union, when new inventions and technical solutions will work on the domestic economy, or our country will continue to remain a raw materials appendage of the global economy, "peripheral Empire", in the words of famous sociologist Boris Kagarlitsky, and the innovative developments and the financial resources allocated for them to be stolen, to leave in more developed countries, to make a profit more enterprising business executives and return to us in the form of finished products under well-known global brands. |
| Keywords: | innovative project, legislation, invention, equipment, corruption, the theory of "Triple Helix" |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:ppaper:m16g&r=cis |
| By: | Naudé, Wim (naude@msm.nl); Szirmai, Adam (UNU-MERIT); Haraguchi, Nobuya (UNIDO) |
| Abstract: | This paper provides a comparative overview of the experiences of the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) with structural transformation since the 1980s. We evaluate the different outcomes in industrialisation in these countries, explore the reasons for success (and failure); we also ask what currently industrially lagging countries can learn from the BRICS in this regard, and what impact their industrialisation had on poverty reduction. We point out that important areas for future research and current challenges remain. Foremost in this is the need for BRICS to drive their further structural economic transformation through innovation, taking into consideration their stage of development and the particulars of the sectors involved. As they develop, entrepreneurship and the role of the private sector seem to become more important. The paper is based on our edited book published in 2015 by Oxford University Press 'Structural Change and Industrial Development in the BRICS'. |
| Keywords: | Structural change, industrialisation, manufacturing, development, entrepreneurship, innovation, Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) |
| JEL: | O14 L52 L60 L26 O32 O57 |
| Date: | 2016–04–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:unumer:2016016&r=cis |
| By: | Silvana Malle (Department of Economics (University of Verona)) |
| Abstract: | Russia is engaged on a process of political and economic transformation in the direction of a model of “economic sovereignty”. This process is the result of economic and political ostracism enacted in 2014 against the country by major international powers as a consequence of developments in Ukraine. The paper examines three fundamental aspects of the new security approach to development: i) import substitution of foodstuffs as an asset for security, ii) militant nationalism, and iii) increasing focus on Asia for the re-orientation of commercial flows. A pattern out of privilege relations with Europe is clearly emerging. |
| Keywords: | Russia, Economic systems, Security and Economic Policy, Strategies |
| JEL: | O52 P21 P27 |
| Date: | 2015–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ver:wpaper:27/2015&r=cis |
| By: | Yakhontova, Yelena |
| Abstract: | The article is dedicated to system approach of HRM for labor productivity development. The core factor of labor productivity is HRS system, including labor productivity ideology and various managerial technologies as a part of all HRM processes of a company. The article is based on labor productivity practices study, which was provided in Russian and Kazakhstan companies during 2013. |
| Keywords: | labor productivity, management system, HRM, managerial technologies, corporate ideology. |
| JEL: | J01 O15 |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:70568&r=cis |
| By: | Lorenz Kueng (Northwestern University's Kellogg School of Management, and National Bureau of Economic Research); Evgeny Yakovlev (New Economic School) |
| Abstract: | We use two quasi-natural experiments in the 1980s and 1990s to identify how public policies affect important long-run outcomes by changing preferences. Large but short-lived shocks to product availability in Russia shifted young consumers' long-run preferences from hard to light alcohol. The resulting large cohort differences in current alcohol consumption shares decades after the interventions ended explain about 60% of the recent decrease in male mortality based on both micro-level and aggregate estimates. Mortality will continue to decrease by another 23% over the next twenty years based on our analysis. Program impact evaluations that focus only on contemporaneous effects can therefore severely underestimate the total effect of such public policies. |
| Keywords: | long-run policy effects, endogenous preferences, mortality |
| JEL: | D12 H31 I10 |
| Date: | 2016–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cfr:cefirw:w0219&r=cis |
| By: | Seth G. Benzell (Boston University); Eugene Goryunov (Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy); Maria Kazakova (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Guillermo Lagarda (Boston University); Kristina Nesterova (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Laurence J. Kotlikoff (Boston University, NBER) |
| Abstract: | This paper develops a large-scale, dynamic life-cycle model to simulate Russia’s demographic and fiscal transition under favorable and unfavorable fossil-fuel price regimes. The model includes Russia, the U.S., China, India, the EU, and Japan+ (Japan plus Korea). The model predicts dramatic increases in tax rates in the U.S., EU, India, and Russia. Indeed, the increases are so large as to question their political feasibility let alone their actual collection given the potential for tax avoidance and tax evasion. |
| Keywords: | Corporate income tax, tax reform, demographic transition, overlapping generations (OLG), computable general equilibrium models (CGE), wage inequality, Pareto improvements, fossil fuels |
| JEL: | F0 F20 H0 H2 H3 J20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bos:iedwpr:dp-274&r=cis |
| By: | Huffman, Sonya; Rizov, Marian |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea16:235148&r=cis |
| By: | Sandra M. Leitner (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw); Robert Stehrer (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw) |
| Abstract: | Abstract Due to information asymmetries between the debtor and potential outside investors, entrepreneurs often face sizeable and insurmountable financing constraints. This is a strong deterrent to either starting new or continuing already ongoing innovation projects which not only stymies entrepreneurs’ own future innovation potentials and growth prospects but also severely harms growth potentials of whole economies, making catching-up an unnecessarily long and arduous process. Against this backdrop, the analysis sheds light on the effects of prevailing credit constraints on different innovation strategies (i.e. R&D-based make versus M&E-based buy strategies) of establishments in Central, East and Southeast Europe (CESEE) and the Former Soviet Union (FSU) during three different economic phases. The results point to the detrimental effect of credit constraints which is particularly strong and consistent for the M&E-based ‘buy innovation strategy’ which dominates in the region, but less pronounced and relevant for the less prevalent R&D-based ‘make innovation strategy’. Furthermore, the analysis identifies firm characteristics that are conducive to innovative activities and demonstrates that establishment size, age, the particular international trading status, ownership status as well as whether subsidies were received are important determinants of different innovation strategies. |
| Keywords: | credit constraints, R&D-based and M&E-based innovation strategies, Central, East and Southeast Europe, Former Soviet Union |
| JEL: | G21 O16 O31 |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wii:wpaper:125&r=cis |
| By: | Ивантер В.В. (Институт народнохозяйственного прогнозирования) |
| Date: | 2016–04–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:scn:mxreqp:20160302&r=cis |
| By: | GIULI KESHELASHVILI (Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University) |
| Abstract: | Work offers study of wine market development trends in the world and in Georgia. It analyses Georgian wine export and import and indentifies the sector problems. The role and significance of economic, organizational and managerial relations in wine production and management is discussed. The organizational-economic factors impacting Georgian wine production. The measures for creation of European-type farmer cooperatives are specified. On the example of Georgia the work demonstrates that effective management of vine growing and winemaking requires coordination of the European funds policies with the development and planning instruments to maximize effectiveness of the state support policies in this sector. The recommendations for Georgian winemaking companies’ development are provided. |
| Keywords: | Winemaking Companies; Strategies; Export; Import |
| JEL: | M21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:3606116&r=cis |
| By: | Ruttas-Küttim Ruuta (Independent Consultant); Stamenov Blagoy (European Commission – JRC - IPTS) |
| Abstract: | The 2015 series of RIO Country Reports analyse and assess the policy and the national research and innovation system developments in relation to national policy priorities and the EU policy agenda with special focus on ERA and Innovation Union. The executive summaries of these reports put forward the main challenges of the research and innovation systems. |
| Keywords: | R&I system, R&I policy, ERA, innovation union, Semester analysis, Estonia |
| JEL: | I20 O30 Z18 |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc101180&r=cis |
| By: | Gundars Kulikovskis (FIDEA (Financial and Management Consulting Company)); Diana Petraityte (FIDEA (Financial and Management Consulting Company)); Stamenov Blagoy (European Commission – JRC - IPTS) |
| Abstract: | The 2015 series of RIO Country Reports analyse and assess the policy and the national research and innovation system developments in relation to national policy priorities and the EU policy agenda with special focus on ERA and Innovation Union. The executive summaries of these reports put forward the main challenges of the research and innovation systems. |
| Keywords: | R&I system, R&I policy, ERA, innovation union, Semester analysis, Latvia |
| JEL: | I20 O30 Z18 |
| Date: | 2016–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc101203&r=cis |
| By: | Kuziyev Islom Nematovich |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes the characteristics of the audit in Uzbekistan. It examines the development of the audit report on the basis of international experience. Based on this study, the author proposed recommendations for improving audit report based on national and international auditing standards. Trends described in this article suggest that audit in Uzbekistan is gradually developing. Key words: international and national auditing standards, international financial reporting standards, report of the auditor, audit conclusions, a letter to the leadership, the financial information |
| Date: | 2016–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:vor:issues:2016-03-14&r=cis |