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on Confederation of Independent States |
| By: | Bukvić, Rajko; Voronov, Mikhail; Chasovskikh, Viktor |
| Abstract: | The problem of reducing greenhouse gas emissions is discused. In the second half of the XX century, several schemes have been proposed to create a market mechanism in the context of this problem. Efforts to find economic ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions even more intensified in the last decade of the XX century, and finally the Kyoto Protocol offered several flexible market mechanisms aimed at a partial solution to the problem of emissions. Despite all these efforts, during the first period of application of these mechanisms (2008-2012), carbon emissions have increased. The article deals with the mechanisms and projects to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in Russia, and their importance in the context of the obligations of the Kyoto Protocol and other international instruments. (В статье рассматривается проблема сокращения выбросов парниковых газов. Во второй половине XX века было предложено несколько схем для создания рыночного механизма в контексте решения этой проблемы. Усилия по поиску экономических путей сокращения выбросов парниковых газов еще более активизировались в последнем десятилетии XX века, и наконец, Киотский Протокол предложил несколько гибких рыночных механизмов, направленных на частичное решение проблемы выбросов. Несмотря на все эти усилия, в течение первого периода применения этих механизмов (2008–2012), выбросы углерода возросли. В статье рассматриваются механизмы и проекты по сокращению выбросов парниковых газов в России, и их важность в разрезе выполнения обязательств Киотского Протокола и других международных документов.) |
| Keywords: | Greenhouse gases, Kyoto Protocol, carbon markets, the atmosphere, the reduction of emissions. парниковые газы, Киотский протокол, рынки углерода, атмосфера, сокращение выбросов. |
| JEL: | H23 K32 L51 Q53 Q56 Q57 |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:70845&r=cis |
| By: | Alexey V. Vdovin (National Research University Higher School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | The working paper explores the plot repertoire of Russian literature about peasants before 1861 and its sociocultural role for emerging models of Russianness. The author investigates different types of plots in 212 texts (fiction and drama, 1789-1861) using the methodology of ‘elementary plots’ extraction (elaborated by Tatiana Kitanina) and classifying them into such clusters as ‘Prohibited Marriage’, ‘Adultery’, etc. On the basis of such clustering, the paper analyzes the frequency of each type of plot in Russian literature and the literary and sociocultural background underlying the changes. Visualized data allows to compare the main Russian writers’ preferences and innovations in emplotment. In conclusion, frequent and rare types of plots are considered in relation to the discourse of Russianness because by the educated elite and literari perceived Russian peasants as carriers of authentic Russian identity. |
| Keywords: | mid-19th century Russian literature, tales of peasant life, distant reading, Russian identity, Russian nationalism |
| JEL: | Z |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hig:wpaper:16/ls/2015&r=cis |
| By: | Trostyanskiy Dmitriy Valer’evich; Kudaynazarova Dilnaz Koshkarbayevna |
| Abstract: | This paper is devoted to analysis of structural changes in industry of the Republic of Karakalpakstan under the impact of the environmental consequences of Aral sea’s evaporation. The research methodology consists of two approaches which are identification cause-effect in the structure of industry and indexation of structural shifts on sectoral level. Taking into account current year measures in industry economic and environmental development opportunities of the region in existing domestic and external conditions are assessed. Key words: structural changes, ecological impact, industry, development programs |
| Date: | 2016–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:vor:issues:2016-03-15&r=cis |
| By: | F.P. Shkrabets (National Mining University); V.V. Berdnyk (National Mining University) |
| Abstract: | This article describes the types of secondary energy resources that occur during or as a result of mining or of technological processes at metallurgical, coke and chemical enterprises. The research of opportunities to use them directly at industrial enterprises, in case when an energy resource or the energy generated "is not a commodity" was carried out. To generate electricity from secondary sources, the use of diesel power plants and gas–turbine facilities was offered. The values of investments in the construction of thermal power plants (TPP) based on different types of secondary energy resources were calculated. Tentative capacities of power plants, which utilize the energy of secondary sources were also computed. The figures used for assessing the release and use of secondary energy resources were given. The necessity of using secondary sources of energy to reduce harmful effects on the environment was emphasized. Introduction. World coal production totals 2.025 billion tons per year (4033 mines). This results in nearly 6 bln tons of solid, liquid and gaseous waste being formed, which is about 3 tons per 1 ton of coal (including dump waste product of 2.5 tons). In underground coal mining, specific output of the rock hoisted onto the surface of the mine constitutes about 0.3 tons per 1 ton of coal. Actually combustible mass in the coal industry is only 20% of the rock mass. As follows, in order to preserve fossil fuel resources the number of which is steadily decreasing in the world and the use of which produces more harmful effect on the environment, one should try to use all their potential. The use of waste, or so–called secondary energy resources (SER), formed during the coal mining, will reduce the harmful effects on the environment and increase the energy potential of Ukraine. Research objective. Unprofitability of mines associated with the high cost of coal production, large overheads and a complex environmental situation in these regions are considered to be main problems of coal mining enterprises in Ukraine. |
| Keywords: | secondary sources of energy,coal mines,heat electropower stations,diesel power plants,coal methane,power generation |
| Date: | 2016–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01301530&r=cis |
| By: | Andrei M. Korbut (National Research University Higher School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | The article is based on the preliminary results of author’s current study of the implementation of electronic health records in one of Russian outpatient clinics. Interviews with doctors, developers, managers of the State Department of Healthcare, IT-specialists, and clinic’s head, as well as observations of doctors’ everyday work, show that one of the key problems in the transition from paper to electronic record-keeping is how new information system transforms (or fails to transform) doctors’ routine, habitual activities. The article suggests that the widespread view of habitual action as an action in accordance with a preliminary scheme – a view that forms a basis for the majority of medical information systems – does not describe the actual structure of healthcare activities. The analysis of how doctors perceive and use electronic health records in their daily practice demonstrates that a situational approach to routine actions is more adequate. For example, the use of so-called “templates” that are created by doctors within the electronic health records cannot be understood without reference to the situational context of professional activities. Doctors, creating and using various “templates,” do this in such ways that allow them to make these health records circumstantially understandable. The view of routine activities as situated, concerted achievements not only proves the possibility of a new approach to the description of habitual actions’ role and place in the structure of social action, but can be important for the design and evaluation of professional information systems. |
| Keywords: | electronic health records, habits, situated action, templates, routine medical practice. |
| JEL: | Z |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hig:wpaper:130/hum/2016&r=cis |
| By: | Vdovychenko, Artem; Zubrytskyi, Artur |
| Abstract: | The question of Ukraine's economic recovery after several years of rapid decline is closely connected to the reform of its fiscal policy. Because Ukraine is a country with a small, open economy, exports may be one of the drivers of economic recovery. Monetary policy over the past decades had, for various reasons, a limited impact on the dynamics of exports, while today, a long period of unsustainable fiscal policy forces the government to carry out fiscal consolidation. Adding together all these facts, we can state the importance of studying the influence of fiscal balance parameters on the exports of Ukraine. Using the gravity model, we conclude that fiscal consolidation has a positive effect on Ukraine's exports with a lag of several years. We also find that the effect of fiscal consolidation on exports is mainly due to the correction of the exchange rate. The stimulating effect of fiscal consolidation takes place on an intensive margin of exports; exposing serious structural problems in the Ukrainian economy. |
| Keywords: | structural budget balance, exports, gravity model, fixed effects, random effects, fiscal consolidation, monetary policy, and exchange rate. |
| JEL: | F10 H32 H62 |
| Date: | 2016–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:70722&r=cis |