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on Confederation of Independent States |
| By: | Francesco Bartolucci; Aleksandra Baschina; Giovanni S. F. Bruno; Olga Demidova; Marcello Signorelli (-) |
| Abstract: | A growing economic literature regards the analysis of job satisfaction; however, as for young people the investigations are still scarce. In this paper we analyse job satisfaction among Russian young workers by using the data collected for four items, the first of which concerns the general satisfaction about the job; the other three items concern specific aspects of job satisfaction with respect to work condition, earning, and opportunity for professional growth. The corresponding response variables are categorical with five ordered categories, from “absolutely unsatisfied” to “absolutely satisfied”. The longitudinal dataset also contains personal information about the respondents (gender, age, marital status, number of children, educational level, etc.). We estimate ordered logit models of job satisfaction with individual fixed effects for a panel data of Russian young workers, carrying out separate analyses for the general job satisfaction variable and three variables on specific aspects of job satisfaction. If wages adjusted to fully compensate workplace disamenities, we would expect that differences in job satisfaction across individuals would not be systematically related to wage differentials, ceteris paribus. But this is not the case for our panel: for all but one of the samples considered there is at least one job satisfaction variable with a significantly positive wage effect. We, therefore, interpret this result as a failure of the theory of compensating wage differentials in the Russian youth labour market. There is the interesting exception, though, that compensating wage differentials do seem at work among the older subjects in the panel. Our estimates also show strong gender and location effects. |
| Keywords: | job satisfaction, young people, Russia |
| JEL: | J28 J81 |
| Date: | 2015–03–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crj:dpaper:7_2015&r=cis |
| By: | Enrico Marelli; Elena Vakulenko (-) |
| Abstract: | Youth unemployment is a serious problem in many European countries. In the first part of the paper, we consider the aggregate trends in some EU countries and in Russia; we especially investigate the recent period after the global crisis and the Great Recession. We then consider the different types of determinants, including macroeconomic conditions, structural determinants, labour market institutions and regulations. However, the focus of our analysis is on the role played by individual and family determinants such as age, gender, education level, marital status, health, household income, housing conditions. The econometric part of the paper makes use of Eurostat micro-level data EU-SILC for Italy and RLMS-HSE data set for Russia. We use a Heckman probit model to estimate the unemployment risk of young people during the period 2004-2011. Our main research question is to explain the probability of being unemployed for young people in terms of their personal characteristics and compare these outcomes with results for the same model for adults. We take also into account some macro variables, such as living in urban areas or the regional unemployment rate. The results are of interest, since the two countries have quite different labour market institutions, besides having different levels of youth unemployment. However, most of the explanatory variables act in the same direction in both countries and it is interesting to compare the relative size of such effects, which we measure through the average partial effects. |
| Keywords: | youth unemployment, individual determinants of unemployment, regional unemployment, Heckman probit. |
| JEL: | J64 |
| Date: | 2015–03–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crj:dpaper:3_2015&r=cis |
| By: | Maria Laura Parisi; Enrico Marelli; Olga Demidova (-) |
| Abstract: | The latest crisis has exacerbated two negative macroeconomic phenomena, particularly in Southern Europe. The size and persistence of youth unemployment has become unacceptable after 2010. Stagnation in labour productivity instead goes back to the ‘90s, but it has not improved since then and even worsen with the crisis. In this paper we analysed these two macroeconomic features, using aggregate data, in relation to labour market characteristics. Reforms of regulation, in many countries over the past twenty years, introduced a set of newly designed job contracts that allowed the use of temporary work. At the same time, Employment Protection Regulation encompassed temporary workers too. The availability of new contracts and EPLT changed the incentives of firms to vary their labour needs, and to invest in new technology. Eventually, this should have an impact on labour productivity and unemployment. We distinguished between temporary young and adult workers and, conditional to the level of employment protection, we estimate their labour productivity and the correlation with the rate of youth unemployment. We use macroeconomic data for countries within groups (former Euro zone countries, Euro-zone plus Russia, OECD, G7, G8). Preliminary evidence shows that the share of adult temporary workers clearly and negatively affects labour productivity, no matter the group of countries. |
| Keywords: | temporary work, labour productivity, youth unemployment |
| JEL: | J24 J64 J41 |
| Date: | 2015–03–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crj:dpaper:1_2015&r=cis |
| By: | Khusainov, Ruslan |
| Abstract: | Theoretical issues of the formation of the mechanism of public-private partnership (PPP) in the system of higher education of Ukraine are studied. The role of higher educational institutions in the process of Ukraine’s economy transformations, the prospects of their cooperation with the private sector of economy within the framework of the mechanism of PPP are specified. The advantages of the mechanism of PPP in the system of higher education and private business are presented, the author’s definition of PPP in the system of higher education is formulated. The necessity of active introduction of the mechanism of public-private partnership in the system of higher education in the realities of development of Ukraine is substantiated. |
| Keywords: | public-private partnership (PPP), higher education, university, innovation, science, cooperation, Ukraine. |
| JEL: | H52 I21 I23 |
| Date: | 2014–07–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:64056&r=cis |
| By: | Asian Development Bank (ADB); Asian Development Bank (ADB) (Regional and Sustainable Development Department, ADB); Asian Development Bank (ADB) (Regional and Sustainable Development Department, ADB); Asian Development Bank (ADB) |
| Abstract: | This report presents the case studies of the People’s Republic of China, India, Indonesia and Kazakhstan in their knowledge-based economy approaches. It identifies a range of policies and initiatives that these economies need to consider to strengthen innovation led growth and make a transition from middle income to high income levels. |
| Keywords: | PRC; IND; INO; KAZ; economic incentive and institutional regime; education and training; innovation; ICT; jugaad; knowledge-based economy; technology; research and development; science |
| Date: | 2014–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:asd:wpaper:rpt146810-3&r=cis |
| By: | Asian Development Bank (ADB); (Central and West Asia Department, ADB); ; |
| Abstract: | In a fast-paced world where information, resources, and markets are within reach with a swipe of a finger, access to information and communication technologies (ICTs) is essential to business development and growth. This study assesses the need for and use of ICTs by women entrepreneurs in Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, and Uzbekistan. It exposes the gaps between ICTs and the development of women entrepreneurship within the context of legal and regulatory frameworks, policy and leadership coordination, financial services, business development support, capacity building and use promotion, and women’s participation in public dialogues. Finally, this work recommends ways to use ICTs to help women start and grow their own businesses. |
| Keywords: | ICT; Leveraging Information; Communication; Technology; Women; Entrepreneur; Business; Azerbaijan; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyz; Uzbekistan; Assessment; Mobile; Computer; Internet; RETA 7563; ADB; Central and West Asia; ILO/UNCTAD ICT4WED framework; E-commerce; SM; One-stop-shop website; Business development support; Economic empowerment; E-government services; E-licensing services; Gender sensitive financial services; Regulatory environment; Women’s access to markets; Infrastructure |
| Date: | 2014–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:asd:wpaper:rpt146572-3&r=cis |