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on Confederation of Independent States |
| By: | Gustafsson, Björn Anders (University of Gothenburg); Li, Shi (Beijing Normal University); Nivorozhkina, Ludmila (Rostov State Economic University); Wan, Haiyuan (National Development and Reform Commission) |
| Abstract: | Earnings inequality and earnings determination in urban China 2002 and Russia 2003 are compared using samples covering large parts of the two countries. The results from estimated earnings functions are put in perspective of the outcome from a similar comparison made at the end of the 1980s. We confirm that earnings inequality has increased rapidly in both countries and is found to be similar across countries. As at the end of the 1980s, the gender wage gap is larger in Russia where earnings reach a maximum at a lower age than in China. The association between education and income in China has increased to become stronger than in Russia. The earnings penalty of being employed in the public service sector in Russia has increased while the publically employed in China enjoy a positive payoff of limited magnitude. |
| Keywords: | wages, wage inequality, gender wage gap, China, Russia |
| JEL: | J16 J31 J45 P23 |
| Date: | 2014–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp8241&r=cis |
| By: | Gabor Hunya (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw); Monika Schwarzhappel (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw) |
| Abstract: | Content The first part of the publication contains an analysis of the latest FDI trends. The analysis highlights the modest recovery of FDI in 2013. The second part of the publication contains two sets of tables Tables I total flow and stock data, FDI flow by components and FDI income, FDI per capita and other FDI reference parameter (2005-2013) Tables II detailed FDI data by economic activity and by country (last four years) The main sources of data are the central banks of the individual Central, East and Southeast European countries. General Description General Description (PDF) Abstract The first part of this report provides an analysis of the 2013 FDI trends in 23 CESEE countries, pointing to uneven developments. Inflows were decimated in the NMS first of all in Poland, they stagnated in the SEE countries and boomed in Russia. Declines were partly of a statistical nature, partly the result of the withdrawal of investment reserves. The high inflows to Russia were over-compensated by even higher outflows to other countries. There has been no correlation between economic growth and FDI inflow in the CESEE region over several years. But the diminishing amount of FDI in relation to GDP and gross fixed capital formation suggests that it is not FDI that drives economic growth. A diminishing number of greenfield investment projects underpins this conclusion for 2013. Forecasts for economic growth in 2014 and first-quarter trends in FDI flows and greenfield projects suggest a recovery in the CESEE countries which are not directly affected by Ukraine crisis. There are signs of a return of manufacturing FDI to the NMS while inflows to Russia are plummeting. The second part of this report contains two sets of tables Tables I cover FDI flow and stock data, FDI flows by components and related income; Tables II provide detailed FDI data by economic activity and by country. The main sources of data are the central banks of the individual Central, East and Southeast European countries. Examples Table of contents (PDF) The wiiw FDI Database is available online This online access with a modern query tool supports easy search and download of data. The wiiw FDI Database contains the full set of FDI data with time series starting form 1990 as far as available. Access to wiiw FDI Database � |
| Keywords: | foreign direct investment, balance of payments, income repatriation, statistics, new EU Member States, Southeast Europe, CIS |
| JEL: | C82 F21 O57 P23 |
| Date: | 2014–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wii:fdirep:fdi:2014-06&r=cis |
| By: | Zulfugarzade, Teymur |
| Abstract: | The paper analyzes issues of emergence and development of institute of legal support of activity of the situational centers in the Russian Federation |
| Keywords: | law, jurisprudence, constitutional, social, economy, development, situational center |
| JEL: | G0 G00 H00 K00 K23 K30 |
| Date: | 2013–09–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:52660&r=cis |
| By: | Akpan Uduak (SPIDER Solutions, Nigeria); Isihak Salisu (SPIDER Solutions, Nigeria); Asongu Simplice (Yaoundé/Cameroun) |
| Abstract: | This study employs panel analysis to examine the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) and Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Turkey (MINT) using data for eleven years i.e. 2001 – 2011. First, it uses pooled time-series cross sectional analysis to estimate the model on determinants of FDI for three samples: BRICS only, MINT only, and BRICS and MINT combined; then, random effects model is also employed to estimate the model for BRICS and MINT combined. The results show that market size, infrastructure availability, and trade openness play the most significant roles in attracting FDI to BRICS and MINT while the roles of availability of natural resources and institutional quality are insignificant. Given that FDI inflow to a country has the potential of being mutually beneficial to the investing entity and host government, the challenge is on how BRICS and MINT can sustain the level of FDI inflow and ensure it results in economic growth and socio-economic transformation. To sustain the level of FDI inflow, governments of BRICS and MINT need to ensure that their countries remain attractive for investment. BRICS and MINT also need to ensure that their economies absorb substantial skills and technology spillovers from FDI inflow to promote sustainable long-term economic growth by investing more in their human capital. The study is significant because it contributes to literature on determinants of FDI by extending the scope of previous studies which often focus only on BRICS. |
| Keywords: | FDI, determinants, fast-growing economies, BRICS, MINT |
| Date: | 2014–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:agd:wpaper:14/002&r=cis |
| By: | Glauben, Thomas; Belyaeva, Maria; Bobojonov, Ihtiyor; Djuric, Ivan; Götz, Linde; Hockmann, Heinrich; Müller, Daniel; Perekhozhuk, Oleksandr; Petrick, Martin; Prehn, Sören; Prishchepov, Alexander; Renner, Swetlana; Schierhorn, Florian |
| Abstract: | Because of its enormous land and yield potentials, the breadbasket of the East, i.e. Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan are increasingly important for world grain markets. However, counterproductive market and trade policies, continual farm-level productivity gaps and deficits in marketing infrastructure consistently obstruct the breadbasket's production and market potentials. A prerequisite for their realization would be prioritizing market-conforming and export-oriented policies, as well as massive investments into spatial and farming infrastructures. -- |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iamopb:16e&r=cis |
| By: | Raskov, Danila; Kufenko, Vadim |
| Abstract: | The early accumulation of capital and the pioneering of capitalist enterprise have been undertaken in many countries by heterodox religious communities. The role of the Old Believers (further OB) in the early development of Russian industry and trade was noted by many economic historians (Blackwell, 1965; Gerschenkron, 1970; Beliajeff, 1979; Stadnikov, 2002; Kerov, 2004; Raskov, 2012); however, empirical and statistical research on the topic is still scarce. Therefore one of our goals is to analyze the role of the OB entrepreneurship in a dynamic dimension using statistical data. Taking advantage of official censuses of 1850, 1857 and, what is more important, 15 archive sources for confessional data for 1808 - 1905 and 7 industrial reports, we analyze the role of the OB firms in the Moscow textile industry for the period of 1832 - 1890. We find that the share of the OB firms in turnover and employment was over-proportionate prior to 1879, which hints at a higher propensity to entrepreneurship. The turnover per worker of the OB firms was significantly higher only in the wool sub-sector. Additionally, the OB firms tended to employ more labor. We capture the continuous process of the rise and fall of the OB entrepreneurship, especially in cotton-paper and wool weaving sub-sectors. Bearing in mind cyclical waves of repressions against the OB, we can state, that the performance of their firms was impressing. We discuss the Weber thesis and the Petty-Gerschenkron argument, and state that various factors contributed to their success: working ethics and minority status; social capital, networking and access to interest free financing; own informal institutions and reputation mechanisms; human capital and literacy. -- |
| Keywords: | economic history of Russia,the Old Believers,religious minority,minority entrepreneurship,textile industry |
| JEL: | N33 N83 J15 L26 Z10 |
| Date: | 2014–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:hohpro:402014&r=cis |
| By: | Dilyara Ibragimova (National Research University Higher School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | The research deals with the analysis of consumer expectations of Russian population, which are mediated by many socio-demographic characteristics: income, age, education, place of residence, sex, etc. The paper points up the influence on variable “age” because it is rather complex itself. First, actual age represents biological characteristics. Second, “age” represents a unique birth cohort in terms of socialization and formation of life experience. Finally, all ages feature influence by a time period effect that reflects the socio-political, economic, and informational phenomena of the macro environment. Solving the problem of “identification” (i. e. the separation of these three effects), which inevitably arises in case of cohort analysis, is based on theoretical views concerning the character of consumer expectations and the results of empirical testing. Its point is that the aggregated Consumer Sentiment Index (CSI) reflects the general socio-economic situation in a country at a certain time and allows us to use the CSI as a distillation of a specific time moment. The information base of research is the data of consumer survey although not the panel, but conducted over a 15-year period on the same methodology and sample. All 79 waves of cross-section data (from May 1996 to September 2009) were converted into a “quasi-longitudinal design”, the total sample of dataset was 182,507 respondents. The regression analysis demonstrates that belonging to a cohort actually determines significantly consumer sentiments. However, the nonlinear correlation describing such dependence showed that an increase of optimism/pessimism in respect for the economic and social development of the country happens non-uniformly from one cohort to another. In addition, the article attempts to implement approach to differentiation of generations, is not based on age differences, and the relationship with historical events. The research shows that an indicator such as the CSI could be one instrument for defining the time boundaries of the generations. |
| Keywords: | consumer expectations; cohort analysis; generation analysis; consumer sentiment index; consumption; saving. |
| JEL: | A14 |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hig:wpaper:41/soc/2014&r=cis |