|
on Confederation of Independent States |
| By: | Mikhail A. Bashirov (National Research University Higher School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | Ñloud computing is treated by most of the experts as one of the main trends of information technologies development for forthcoming years. In present article we focus on general overview of the main aspects of cloud computing services legal regime in Russia. Such aspects include, inter alia, intellectual property and contract law matters, taxation issues, execution of the agreements, warranties and representations under cloud computing agreements and personal data regulations |
| Keywords: | cloud computing, intellectual property, personal data, information technologies, Russia. |
| JEL: | Z19 |
| Date: | 2013 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hig:wpaper:29/law/2013&r=cis |
| By: | Igor Sheiman (National Research University Higher School of Economics); Vladimir Shevski (National Research University Higher School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | Fragmentation in organization and discontinuities in the provision of medical care are problems in all healthcare systems, whether it is the mixed public-private system in the USA, national health services in the UK, or insurance-based ones in Western Europe and Russia. In all of these countries, a major challenge is to improve integration in order to improve efficiency and health outcomes. This article assesses issues related to fragmentation and integration in conceptual terms and argues that key attributes of integration are teamwork, coordination, and continuity of care. It then presents a summary of integration problems in Russia and presents the results of a large survey of physicians concerning the attributes of integration. It is argued that the characteristics of the national service delivery model do not ensure integration. The Semashko model of service delivery, although designed as an integrated model, has been distorted under pressure of the process of specialization of care. It is also argued that larger organizational forms of service provision, like policlinics and integrated hospital-policlinics, do not have higher scores of integration indicators than smaller ones. Proposals to improve integration in Russia are presented with the focus on the regular evaluation of integration and fragmentation, regulation of integration activities, enhancing the role of PHC providers, and economic incentives |
| Keywords: | health policy, medical service integration, coordination of care, continuity of care, primary health care |
| JEL: | Z19 |
| Date: | 2013 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hig:wpaper:10/pa/2013&r=cis |
| By: | Liudmila Zasimova (National Research University Higher School of Economics); Maria Sheluntcova (National Research University Higher School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | Rising life expectancy and an aging population highlight the need for appropriate government policies to transform of the role of the elderly from a dependent part of the population to an economically active one. This paper aims to measure active aging of the elderly in Russia. We review definitions of active aging and base our research on the concept of the World Health Organization. Active aging is characterized by three components: health, participation, and security. We select indicators for these components and aggregate them into three sub-indexes which become the outcome index of active aging. As a result, the sample is divided into two groups of elderly people in Russia, “actively aging” and “inactively aging”. The empirical research is based on the Study of Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE). Our findings show that 70% of the elderly population are at the intersection of “health” and “participation in social activities”; 61,2% between “health” and “security”; 73,5% between “security” and “participation in social activities”. Overall, 58,5% of Russian senior citizens meet all three criteria of active aging, thus creating a great challenge for policy response |
| Keywords: | active aging, public policy, the elderly, health, participation, security, Russia |
| JEL: | J14 J18 |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hig:wpaper:11/pa/2014&r=cis |
| By: | Andrey V. Kashanin (National Research University Higher School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | This article addresses the problem of identifying criteria for copyrightability and non-copyrightability in the Russian legal system, especially in judicial practice. An analysis of court rulings issued over the past few years warrant the conclusion that there is a trend towards setting looser standards of originality and creativity. The article also describes a trend in Russian judicial practice to grant copyright protection to works of low authorship and goes into problems and contradictions that this entails. It compares principles that evolved in Russian law with similar principles used abroad, mainly in Germany. |
| Keywords: | copyright, intellectual property, intellectual rights, personal non-property rights, exclusive rights, copyrightable work, copyrightability, works of low authorship, originality, creativity |
| JEL: | O34 |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hig:wpaper:30/law/2014&r=cis |
| By: | Hagemann, Harald; Kufenko, Vadim |
| Abstract: | The goal of this paper is to apply the theory of the political Kuznets curve to Russia and reveal the key determinants of the probability of recent protests during 2011-2012 in the Russian regions. We apply the political Kuznets curve in the time and spatial dimensions, and find mixed evidence: throughout time, we observe an almost linear and positive relation between income and income distribution, whereas in the spatial dimension there exists an evidence of a concave curve. Empirical investigation of the role of income inequality using the latent variable framework allows us to outmanoeuvre certain measurement issues and state that conventional measures of income inequality, such as the Gini coefficient, may not be able to predict protests. Instead, we use the relation of the governors' family income to the average family income in the region, a proxy for rent-seeking of regional elites, which turns out to be a positive, significant and robust determinant of the protests. Applying additional controls ensures the robustness of the results and highlights the fact that democracy score and the economic factors are also significant. Mapping the distribution of the protests provides information on the clustering effect. -- |
| Keywords: | political Kuznets curve,regional analysis,protests,logit,income inequality |
| JEL: | R11 C25 D63 D72 |
| Date: | 2014–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:hohpro:392013&r=cis |
| By: | Irfan Akbar Kazi; Hakimzadi Wagan |
| Abstract: | The aim of this article is to examine: how the dynamics of correlations between five emerging countries (Argentina, Chili, Hungary, Russia and Poland), two emerging regions (Latin America (LAC) and Europe (EU)) and U.S. evolved from January 2004 to September 2011. The main contribution of this study is to explore whether the plunging stock market in U.S., in the aftermath of global financial crisis (2008-2009), exert contagion effects on emerging equity and sovereign bond markets. To this end we rely on Asymmetric Dynamic Conditional Correlation (ADCC) model developed by Cappiello et al. (2006), which accounts for asymmetries in conditional variances and correlations to negative returns. We show that there is mean shift in the estimated DCC immediately after the Lehman Brothers failure in September 2008. We refer this finding as contagion from U.S. stock market to emerging equity and sovereign bond markets especially in emerging LAC region. |
| Keywords: | Global financial crisis, contagion, emerging equity markets, sovereign risk. |
| JEL: | C32 E44 F30 G01 G12 |
| Date: | 2014–01–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipg:wpaper:2014-17&r=cis |
| By: | Schaffer M.E.; Dohmen T.J.; Lehmann H. (ROA) |
| Abstract: | We use a rich personnel data set from a Russian firm for the years 1997 to 2002 to analyze how the firm adjusts wages and employment during this period in which local labor market conditions changed in the aftermath of the financial crisis in 1998. We relate the development of turnover and wages for various employment categories to alternative models of wage and employment determination. We argue that the firms behavior is consistent with the predictions of efficiency wage models of the shirking and turnover type. |
| Keywords: | Labor Demand; Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials; Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Factor and Product Markets; Industry Studies; Population; |
| JEL: | J23 J31 P23 |
| Date: | 2013 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:umaror:2013012&r=cis |
| By: | Prashant Loyalka (Stanford University.); Andrey Zakharov (National Research University Higher School of Economics. International Laboratory for Educational Policy Research. Deputy Head.) |
| Abstract: | High school students, across the world, prepare for college by participating in shadow education. Despite substantial investments in shadow education, however, little is known about whether it helps students prepare for college. The goal of our study is to provide rigorous evidence about the causal impacts of participating in shadow education on college preparation. We analyze unique data from Russia using a cross-subject student fixed effects model. We find that participating in shadow education positively impacts high-achieving students but not low-achieving students. Participating in shadow education further does not lead students to substitute time away from other out-of-school studies. Instead, the results suggest that low-achieving students participate in low-quality shadow education, which, in turn, contributes to inequality in college access |
| Keywords: | shadow education, private tutoring, college access, inequality, causal methods |
| JEL: | I21 |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hig:wpaper:15edu2014&r=cis |
| By: | Dranev Yury (National Research University Higher School of Economics); Fomkina Sofya (National Research University Higher School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | We introduce a new asset pricing model to account for risk asymmetrically in a very natural way. Assuming asymmetric investor behavior we develop a utility function similar to a quadratic utility but include a colog measure for capturing risk attitude. Asymmetry in investor preferences follows the asymmetric relationships between asset and market returns in equilibrium. Moreover the local version of the model depends on the characteristics of domestic markets, which is reflected in the different relationship between asset and market returns. We test the model in the Russian and South African markets and show that market premium in the Russian market is higher than in the South African market. |
| Keywords: | asset pricing models, risk measures, asymmetric investor’s preferences, market risk premium. |
| JEL: | G12 G15 |
| Date: | 2013 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hig:wpaper:26/fe/2013&r=cis |
| By: | Alexey Chernulich (Department of Economics, European University at St. Petersburg) |
| Abstract: | In the face of changes in the demographic and economic situation, governments around the world are reviewing the existing models of pension provision with the prospect of reducing the share of the Pay-As-You-Go system and increasing the share the Fully Funded system. However, the country's specialization in natural resources can have an impact not only on economic development, but also on the functioning of the pension system, which makes research topic highly relevant for Russia. In this paper, a model of evaluating the effectiveness of both types of systems using historical macroeconomic data is presented. Calculations for different groups of countries show that in resource dependent countries Pay-As-You-Go system is relatively more effective than Fully Funded. |
| Keywords: | pension systems, resource dependent countries, pension reform, the profitability of pension investments |
| JEL: | H55 |
| Date: | 2013–12–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eus:wpaper:ec0913&r=cis |