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on Confederation of Independent States |
| By: | Evgeniy Kutsenko (Institute for Statistical Studies and Economics of Knowledge, National Research University — Higher School of Economics); Dirk Meissner (Institute for Statistical Studies and Economics of Knowledge, National Research University — Higher School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | Cluster policy is recognized as one of the pivotal elements of state-of-art innovation policy. State support for clusters helps to take into account regional peculiarities and engage the most innovative local actors into the process of innovation policy drafting and implementation. Cluster development stimulates trust building and enhances knowledge spillovers among different organizations in the region. Finally the cluster approach makes innovation policy more systemic by coordinating measures aimed to support different actors (large companies, SMEs, universities, venture funds) towards comprehensive efforts linking the most perspective localized industries (ecosystems). The development of clusters has been determined as one of the priorities of the Strategy of Innovative Development of the Russian Federation for the period to 2020 which was confirmed end 2010. In the framework of this Strategy the first national cluster program was launched in 2012. The paper is devoted to the detailed description of the background of the national cluster program in Russia and its first phase – the selection of the pilot innovative clusters – which was implemented last year. Special attention is given to the comparison of planned design of the Russian cluster program with such widely known cluster programs as the BioRegio, InnoRegio and Les poles de competitivite. The similarities and peculiarities of the Russian program have been defined that allowed to identify several most significant areas for improvement. |
| Keywords: | Clusters, knowledge spillovers, cluster policy, innovation policy. |
| JEL: | O14 O17 O25 O38 O43 P16 R11 R53 |
| Date: | 2013 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hig:wpaper:wp-brp-11-sti-2013&r=cis |
| By: | Anna Zaytseva (Institute for Statistical Studies and Economics of Knowledge, National Research University — Higher School of Economics); Olga Shuvalova (Institute for Statistical Studies and Economics of Knowledge, National Research University — Higher School of Economics); Dirk Meissner (Institute for Statistical Studies and Economics of Knowledge, National Research University — Higher School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | Innovations are commonly seen as resulting from the commercialization of new ideas and technological goods by dedicated organizations, especially firms. This conception is reflected in a producer-oriented approach to science, technology and innovation policy-making (STI). However a new understanding of the role of users within innovation processes is gradually taking shape, with profound policy implications. User innovations are often not based on technological improvement or R&D and remain largely under-estimated. Although there are many case studies of user innovators at the industry level, the role of users is not captured by general statistics on innovation. Up to now the only exception is the empirical evidence-based study of user innovation carried out in the UK in 2009. Recently it was complemented by empirical data from the USA and Japan. The present article aims to contribute to closing the gap of empirical data on user engagement into innovation activities at cross-country level. The analysis is based on the results from a national survey carried out in Russia in 2011. The findings contribute to the better understanding of user innovators profile and of the factors which underpin user innovator activities in the context of emerging economies. The article is organized as follows. The first section reviews the relevant literature on the user innovation concept and the main features of user innovations as compared to producer-generated innovations, as well as on the measurement of user innovators. The second section presents the research methodology and the main empirical results. Finally, the paper discusses some of main analytical and policy implications of the empirical findings. |
| Keywords: | User Innovation, Innovation Sources, Open Innovation, Innovation Management, Demand Driven Innovation. |
| JEL: | L21 M10 M14 M31 O21 O32 O33 |
| Date: | 2013 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hig:wpaper:wp-brp-08-sti-2013&r=cis |
| By: | Marina Doroshenko (Institute for Statistical Studies and Economics of Knowledge, National Research University — Higher School of Economics); Ian Miles (University of Manchester, Research Laboratory for Economics of Innovation, Institute for Statistical Studies and Economics of Knowledge, National Research University — Higher School of Economics); Dmitri Vinogradov (Essex Business School, University of Essex) |
| Abstract: | Knowledge Intensive Business Services (KIBS) are widely argued to be important actors in innovation systems. They are active both innovating themselves, and by providing their clients with important knowledge and learning opportunities. This study uses survey data to investigate the mechanisms of knowledge transfer and innovativeness improvement through the provision of KIBS. The empirical core of the paper is a set of Russian surveys of KIBS and their clients: KIBS are a fairly new phenomenon in Russia, so this provides an opportunity to contrast KIBS supplier-client relationships featuring more and less experienced customers. Many of the KIBS firms’ services are highly tailored to customer specificities, and we consider how far this is minor customisation and how far novel products (and thus potentially product innovations) are involved. These services typically involve KIBS consumers into a coproduction process, where both the formal supplier and the formal user of the service are engaged together in service production. Knowledge transfers through learning-by-doing in such cases affect customers' propensity to innovate and improve their absorptive capacity. The paper concludes that the generation of innovations through KIBS may well be a self-sustaining process. In this process, service providers are incentivised to engage in service innovations by more innovative customers’ demand for highly individualised services. In turn, the process stimulates the innovativeness of customers, as they engage in learning-by-doing through coproduction. |
| Keywords: | service innovations, customised service production, knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS), knowledge spill-over, learning-by-doing. |
| JEL: | D83 L84 O32 |
| Date: | 2013 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hig:wpaper:wpbrp12sti2013&r=cis |
| By: | Mikhail, Bendikov; Georgiy, Kolesnik |
| Abstract: | The effect of competition among self-regulatory organizations (SRO) on the efficiency of the corresponding goods and services markets is considered. It is shown that under certain conditions the competition among SRO worsens the quality of the goods and services and leads to decrease in consumers’ welfare. Moreover, the distinctive feature of the competition among SRO in comparison with other types of regulator competition is that even introduction of alternative government control does not improve the situation. The proposals are formulated for self-regulatory markets’ structure and conditions change in order to reduce negative effects of SRO competition. |
| Keywords: | self-regulation, state control, market, regulatory competition, welfare, mathematical model, hierarchical system, non-cooperative game |
| JEL: | C72 L22 L44 L51 |
| Date: | 2013–06–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:47812&r=cis |
| By: | Jean Paul Simon |
| Abstract: | The Information Society Unit of the JRC-IPTS has been investigating the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector and its R&D in Asia for several years as an extension of the PREDICT research project. The workshop was organised as part of this on-going research to gather the most recent information on the growing role of BRICs Countries in the IT sector. |
| Keywords: | BRIC, Information and Communication Technologies, ICT industry |
| JEL: | O57 |
| Date: | 2013–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc80745&r=cis |