nep-cis New Economics Papers
on Confederation of Independent States
Issue of 2013‒05‒22
six papers chosen by
Alexander Harin
Modern University for the Humanities

  1. A National Framework for Sustainable Urban Transport Systems : Proposals for Improving Urban Transportation in Russian Cities By World Bank
  2. Acordos Bilaterais de Comércio Entre as Economias do BRICS: Uma Abordagem de Equilíbrio Geral By Lucas P. do C.Ferraz
  3. Too many skew normal distributions? The practitioner’s perspective By Wojciech Charemza; Carlos Diaz Vela; Svetlana Makarova
  4. Fatores Globais e Locais na Determinação do Fluxo de Capital para Economias Emergentes By Ajax Moreira; Katia Rocha
  5. Brics: Novos Competidores no Comércio Internacional de Serviços By Ivan Tiago Machado Oliveira
  6. Tajikistan - Economic and Distributional Impact of Climate Change By Rasmus Heltberg; Anna Reva; Salman Zaidi

  1. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Urban Development - Transport in Urban Areas Urban Development - Municipal Financial Management Roads and Highways Urban Transport Transport Economics Policy and Planning Transport
    Date: 2013
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:13236&r=cis
  2. By: Lucas P. do C.Ferraz
    Abstract: Este trabalho contrasta diferentes acordos bilaterais de comércio envolvendo o Brasil e cada uma das demais economias que compõem o BRICS: China, Índia, Rússia e África do Sul. Cenários de liberalização bilateral são simulados supondo uma estrutura de mercado em concorrência perfeita, utilizando-se o modelo de equilíbrio geral computável GTAP (Global Trade Analysis Project). Impactos alocativos são descritos para a economia brasileira como uma forma de prever os mais relevantes efeitos de curto prazo em nível macro e microeconômico. São apontados os vencedores e perdedores para 57 setores da economia brasileira, sob cada cenário alternativo simulado. A emergência da China como um parceiro comercial importante é confirmada pelos resultados das simulações. Os termos de troca da economia brasileira são significativamente alterados no caso de acordos bilaterais envolvendo Brasil e Índia, assim como Brasil e Rússia, apesar dos baixos níveis de comércio bilateral verificados na atualidade. Efeitos realocativos são mais modestos no caso de um acordo bilateral envolvendo Brasil e África do Sul. This paper contrasts alternative preferential trade arrangements involving Brazil and each of the remaining Brics economies: China, India, Russia and South Africa. Bilateral trade liberalization scenarios are simulated under a perfect competition market structure, using the GTAP general equilibrium framework. Traditional allocative effects are described for the Brazilian economy, as a way to foresee the most relevant first round domestic effects at the macro and micro level. Winners and losers are traced out for 56 sectors in the Brazilian economy, under each alternative simulation scenario. The emergence of China as a significant trade pattern is confirmed in the simulation results. Competitive effects are also significant in the case of a preferential trade agreement involving Brazil and India as well as Brazil and Russia, despite current low levels of bilateral trade. More modest first round effects are obtained in the case of a PTA involving Brazil and South Africa.
    Date: 2013–04
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipe:ipetds:1831&r=cis
  3. By: Wojciech Charemza; Carlos Diaz Vela; Svetlana Makarova
    Abstract: The paper tackles the issue of possible misspecification in fitting skew normal distributions to empirical data. It is shown, through numerical experiments, that it is easy to choose a distribution which is different from this which actually generated the sample, if the minimum distance criterion is used. It is suggested that, in case of similar values of distance measures obtained for different distributions, the choice should be made on the grounds of parameters’ interpretation rather than the goodness of fit. This is supported by empirical evidence of fitting different skew normal distributions to the estimated monthly inflation uncertainties for Belarus, Poland, Russia and Ukraine.
    Keywords: skew normal distribution; simulated minimum distance estimators; inflation uncertainties; monetary policy in Eastern Europe
    JEL: C46 E52 E37
    Date: 2013–05
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lec:leecon:13/07&r=cis
  4. By: Ajax Moreira; Katia Rocha
    Abstract: O estudo analisa, através de um modelo de painel, os determinantes do fluxo de capital líquido e de sua volatilidade para um grupo de dezenove economias emergentes no período 1980-2011 e propõe uma metodologia para avaliar a importância relativa dos fatores globais e locais na determinação da variabilidade do fluxo. Os emergentes analisados (Argentina, Brasil, Bulgária, Chile, Colômbia, Hungria, Índia, Indonésia, Malásia, México, Peru, Filipinas, Polônia, Rússia, África do Sul, Turquia, Ucrânia, Uruguai e Venezuela) representavam em janeiro de 2012 aproximadamente 95% do índice Emerging Markets Bond Index Global (EMBIG) do JPMorgan. Os resultados apontam para maior estabilidade econômica, representada pelo crescimento do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) local, menor volatilidade da inflação, políticas de austeridade fiscal, maior governança e liberalização financeira. O modelo explica até 40% da variância e volatilidade do fluxo de capital líquido para emergentes. A importância dos fatores globais na determinação da variância do fluxo é menor na amostra mais recente, onde os fatores locais adquirem maior importância. No entanto, os fatores globais, que estão fora do controle das autoridades de cada país, explicam a maior parte das flutuações relativas à volatilidade do fluxo de capital líquido para os emergentes. Os resultados são robustos a diferentes metodologias para definir os períodos de crise de fluxo de capital. Palavras-chave: fluxo de capital; economias emergentes; crise financeira. The study analyses, through a panel data model, the determinants of the net capital flow (the net sum of direct investment, portfolio investment, financial derivatives and other investment) and its volatility for a group of nineteen emerging economies in the period of 1980-2011 and suggests a methodology to evaluate the relative importance of push and pull factors. The economies analyzed (Argentina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Chile, Colombia, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Russia, South Africa, Turkey, Ukraine, Uruguay and Venezuela) correspond roughly to 95% of the JPMorgan EMBIG at January 2012. The results support economic stability represented by higher economic growth and lower inflation volatility, increase of fiscal austerity, higher governance indicators and increase of capital liberalization. The model explains up to 40% of the variance and volatility of net capital flow to the emerging economies. The importance of push factors as determinant of the variance of capital flow is lower in the recent period where pull factors become more relevant. Nevertheless, push factors, which are outside policy maker’s control, explain most of the fluctuations relative to the volatility of capital flow to emerging economies. Results are robust to a set of different methodology to define capital flow crises periods. Keywords: capital flow; emerging economies; financial crisis.
    Date: 2012–12
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipe:ipetds:1798&r=cis
  5. By: Ivan Tiago Machado Oliveira
    Abstract: dos BRICS (Brasil, Rússia, Índia, China e África do Sul), nesses fluxos. Segundo dados do Fundo Monetário Internacional (FMI), a média de crescimento anual das exportações de serviços dos BRICS foi o dobro daquela observada nos países da Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE) desde 2003, o que denota um aumento da importância relativa desses países nas trocas internacionais de serviços. Tendo em vista o crescimento acelerado dos fluxos de comércio de serviços nos BRICS, este artigo visa analisar o processo de inserção dos países do BRICS no comércio internacional de serviços. Para tanto, desenvolve-se uma análise comparativa da participação dos BRICS nesse mercado, identificando-se pontos de concorrência e de complementaridade entre eles. Analisa-se, ainda, a participação dos BRICS no comércio de serviços nos Novos Setores Dinâmicos (NSDs). Por fim, conclui-se que entre os BRICS, apenas Índia e China parecem ter capacidade de assumir posições de maior destaque no comércio de serviços, particularmente em setores como computação e informação, no caso da Índia, e transportes e outros serviços empresariais no caso da China. Brasil e Rússia tendem a encontrar alguma margem de expansão em outros serviços empresariais e a África do Sul, no setor de viagem. Although the flows of international trade in services remain relatively concentrated in the European Union and the United States, a significant increase in emerging economies participation in them, particularly the BRICS, has been observed in recent years. According to IMF data, the average annual growth of services exports from the BRICS has been twice the one observed in OECD countries since 2003, what attests an increase in the relative importance of these countries in international trade in services. Given the rapid growth of trade in services in the BRICS, this article aims to analyze the participation of those i. The versions in English of the abstracts of this series have not been edited by Ipea’s editorial department. As versões em língua inglesa das sinopses (abstracts) desta coleção não são objeto de revisão pelo Editorial do Ipea.countries in international trade in services. In order to do so, I analyze comparatively the participation of the BRICS in trade in services and identify competition and cooperation agendas between them. Then, the participation of the BRICS in New Dynamic Sectors trade is analyzed. Finally, I conclude that among the BRICS, only China and India seem to be able to assume positions of greater prominence in trade in services, particularly in sectors such as computing and information, as to India, and transport and other business services, in the case of China. Brazil and Russia tend to find some room for expansion in other business services and South Africa in travel.
    Date: 2013–01
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipe:ipetds:1809&r=cis
  6. By: Rasmus Heltberg; Anna Reva; Salman Zaidi
    Keywords: Science and Technology Development - Science of Climate Change Poverty Reduction - Rural Poverty Reduction Macroeconomics and Economic Growth - Climate Change Economics Macroeconomics and Economic Growth - Regional Economic Development
    Date: 2012–04
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:10047&r=cis

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