|
on Confederation of Independent States |
| By: | Pyle, William (BOFIT); Schoors, Koen (BOFIT) |
| Abstract: | Russia’s tremendous inter-regional variation in the pace of industrial land rights reform has meant that geography has helped determine the current tenure status of firms’ production plots as much as any individual firm characteristics. By exploiting both this difference in the pace with which land reform has been carried out across Russia’s federal subjects and a unique micro-level dataset, we present evidence strongly consistent with the proposition that more secure rights to land facilitate access to external financing. This finding is confirmed by other evidence from the survey that points to private land serving as an important source of collateral for Russian lenders and borrowers. |
| Keywords: | industrial land; property rights; Russia; collateral |
| JEL: | O16 P25 P31 R14 R52 |
| Date: | 2011–12–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:bofitp:2011_033&r=cis |
| By: | Belousova, Veronika (BOFIT); Goel, Rajeev K. (BOFIT); Korhonen, Iikka (BOFIT) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines determinants of corruption across Russian regions. Key contributions include: (i) a formal study of economic corruption determinants across Russian regions; (ii) comparisons of determinants of perceived corruption versus those of actual corruption; and (iii) studying the influence of market competition and other factors on corruption. The results show that economic prosperity, population, market competition and urbanization are significant determinants of Russian corruption. The use of alternative corruption measures reveals that economic prosperity and population have a largely similar impact on corruption perceptions and corruption incidence. However, there are significant differences in the effects of competition and urbanization. |
| Keywords: | corruption perceptions; corruption incidence; Russia; government; competition |
| JEL: | K42 O42 P37 |
| Date: | 2011–12–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:bofitp:2011_031&r=cis |
| By: | Belousova, Veronika; Rajeev, K. Goel; Korhonen, Iikka |
| Abstract: | This paper examines determinants of corruption across Russian regions. Key contributions include: (i) a formal study of economic corruption determinants across Russian regions; (ii) comparisons of determinants of perceived corruption versus those of actual corruption; and (iii) studying the influence of market competition and other factors on corruption. The results show that economic prosperity, population, market competition and urbanization are significant determinants of Russian corruption. The use of alternative corruption measures reveals that economic prosperity and population have a largely similar impact on corruption perceptions and corruption incidence. However, there are significant differences in the effects of competition and urbanization. |
| Keywords: | corruption perceptions, corruption incidence, Russia, government, competition |
| JEL: | K42 O42 P37 |
| Date: | 2011–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hit:hituec:557&r=cis |
| By: | Slonimczyk, Fabian |
| Abstract: | The 2001 Russian tax reform reduced average tax rates for the personal income tax and the payroll or social tax. It also made the tax structure more regressive. Because individuals in the lower income bracket were for the most part not affected, it is possible to estimate the effects of the reform using a differences-in-differences approach. I study the effect of the reform on informal employment. Informality is defined using information on employment registration and self-employment. Applying parametric and semi-parametric techniques, I find evidence that the tax reform led to a significant reduction in the fraction of informal employees. Among the different forms of informality I study, the reform seems to have had the strongest effect on the prevalence of informal irregular activities. I also document stronger effects on individuals who benefited from the largest reductions in tax rates. |
| Keywords: | informal sector; entrepreneurship; tax reform; difference-in-difference; transition; Russia |
| JEL: | O17 J3 P2 H24 |
| Date: | 2011 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:35404&r=cis |
| By: | Fungacova, Zuzana (BOFIT); Herrala, Risto (BOFIT); Weill, Laurent (BOFIT) |
| Abstract: | This study examines how bank ownership influenced the credit supply during the recent financial crisis in Russia, where the banking sector consists of a mix of state-controlled banks, foreign-owned banks, and domestic private banks. To estimate credit supply changes, we employ an exhaustive dataset for Russian banks that covers the crisis period and apply an original approach based on stochastic frontier analysis. Our findings suggest bank ownership affected credit supply during the financial crisis and that the crisis led to an overall decrease in the credit supply. Relative to domestic private banks foreign-owned banks reduced their credit supply more and state-controlled banks less. This supports the hypothesis that foreign banks have a “lack of loyalty” to domestic actors during a crisis, as well as the view that an objective function of state-controlled banks leads them to support the economy during economic downturns. |
| Keywords: | bank; credit policy; foreign ownership; state ownership; stochastic frontier analysis |
| JEL: | D14 G21 |
| Date: | 2011–12–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:bofitp:2011_034&r=cis |
| By: | Yana Vaziakova; Geoff Barnard; Tatiana Lysenko |
| Abstract: | many policy recommendations relating to structural reform and framework conditions have been made. This paper, expanding on Annex 1.A1 in the 2011 OECD Economic Survey of the Russian Federation, provides a summary tabulation of the state of implementation of a large number of these past Survey recommendations.<P>Russie : Progrès des réformes structurelles et des conditions-cadres<BR>Au fil des 16 ans depuis la première Étude économique de la Federation Russe de l’OCDE, il y a eu beaucoup de recommandations portant sur la reforme structurelle et les conditions-cadres de l’économie. Cette étude, qui représente une élaboration de l’Annexe 1.A1 de l’Étude économique de la Federation Russe 2011, fournit un sommaire de l’état de la mise en oeuvre d’un grand nombre de ces recommandations. |
| Keywords: | product market regulation, competition, fiscal policy, trade, innovation, monetary policy, foreign direct investment, Russia, structural reforms, framework conditions, bank regulation, réforme structurelle, politique budgétaire, innovation, politique monétaire, concurrence, investissement direct étranger, Russie, réglementation des marchés de produits, conditions cadres, échanges, réglementation financière, propriété de l’État |
| Date: | 2011–12–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:920-en&r=cis |