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on Confederation of Independent States |
| By: | Rylko, Dmitri; Jolly, Robert W. |
| Abstract: | Data from case studies, interviews, and surveys are used to explore the emergence, growth, and likely consequences of new agricultural operators (NAOs) in Russia. NAOs or agroholdings are very large farming operations averaging more than 50,000 ha, which are externally owned and managed. Entry motives and patterns vary widely, but most NAOs are responding to real profit opportunities. They bring with them the means to overcome market and institutional imperfections, as well as limitations in human and physical capital. However, there is a real risk they may lead to the creation of Russian latifundia to the possible detriment of the rural population. |
| Keywords: | Russian agriculture, transition economies, agroholdings, farm structure, latifundia, farm consolidation, vertical integration, diversification |
| Date: | 2006–05–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:isu:genres:12635&r=cis |
| By: | Pavel Filippov; Vlad Yorkovsky |
| Abstract: | Finnish and Russian energy clusters widely use resources and competences of each other. They can be considered as a good example of broader phenomenon which is internationalisation of clusters. Though these clusters are on very different development stages their internationalisation ambitions, geographical proximity and complementary resources encourage them to cooperate closely, and the scale of this cooperation is predicted to grow. The article investigates the current status of the concrete energy clusters cooperation, summarises the main reasons, benefits and barriers for their cooperation, and imposes some theoretical and practical questions related to internationalisation of clusters in general. |
| Keywords: | cluster, Northwest Russia, energy, international cooperation |
| JEL: | L14 L24 F15 F21 |
| Date: | 2007–03–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rif:dpaper:1078&r=cis |
| By: | Irina Denisova (CEFIR) |
| Abstract: | Long-term sustainability requires social stability and hence could be undermined by high poverty levels. Still more than twenty five million Russians have incomes that are lower than subsistence level. Effective policies to fight poverty are to be based on clear understanding of its determinants and are to distinguish between measures to prevent from slipping into poverty, and measures to get out of poverty for those who are poor. The study is the first attempt to investigate how entry to poverty and exit from poverty in Russia are shaped, and what are the determinants of the processes. We study entry and exit to poverty using survival analysis and utilizing the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS) panel for 1994-2004. The study allows obtaining some important insights. In particular, it shows that the two processes have both symmetries and important asymmetries, with an example of one of the most interesting results being the asymmetry in the influence of economic periods. It turns out that economic growth lowers chances to slip into poverty but also reduces hazards from poverty. This implies that households in poverty in the era of economic upturn are those with serious problems and are to be paid special attention to. |
| Keywords: | Poverty, Duration Analysis, Entry to Poverty, Exit from Poverty, Transition,RLMS |
| JEL: | I32 I38 C41 P36 |
| Date: | 2007–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cfr:cefirw:w0098&r=cis |