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on Corporate Finance |
| By: | Sérgio Leão; Rafael Schiozer; Raquel F. Oliveira; Gustavo Araujo |
| Abstract: | Firms’ currency exposure may result in financial distress and trigger macroeconomic instability. Such exposure can be hedged using currency over-the-counter derivatives. We investigate whether and how lending relationships affect the access to these derivatives using novel loan and derivatives microdata. We document that firms are more likely to buy derivatives from one of their lenders than from a non-lending bank. We also find that prices are lower for derivatives provided by the main lender. These results are stronger among small firms. Our findings are consistent with lending relationships mitigating information asymmetries and derivatives reducing a bank’s loan portfolio risk. |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bcb:wpaper:565&r= |
| By: | Pierluigi Murro (LUISS University); Valentina Peruzzi (Sapienza University of Rome) |
| Abstract: | We investigate whether credit constraints affect firms' reliance on open innovation strategies. Using data on 7,000 Italian small and medium-sized enterprises, we find that credit restricted firms are 26\% more likely to collaborate for innovation than firms not suffering from credit constraints. This result is confirmed both for product and process innovators. However, when accounting for the intensity of the product innovation, we find a negative impact of credit rationing on open innovation for firms introducing completely new products in the market. This confirms the relevance of opportunity costs in the choice between internal and open innovation in presence of credit restrictions. We also look at the role played by innovation partners. In particular, we show that the existence of credit constraints positively affects the probability of firms innovating with their suppliers. Finally, we provide evidence that the impact of credit frictions on innovation collaborations varies with the innovation environment and with the socio-economic conditions of the province where firms are located. |
| Keywords: | credit constraints; open innovation; product innovation; process innovation |
| JEL: | O36 G32 D22 |
| Date: | 2022–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lui:casmef:2201&r= |
| By: | Hart, Oliver D.; Zingales, Luigi |
| Abstract: | In the last few years, there has been a dramatic increase in shareholder engagement on environmental and social issues. In some cases shareholders are pushing companies to take actions that may reduce market value. It is hard to understand this behavior using the dominant corporate governance paradigm based on shareholder value maximization. We explain how jurisprudence has sustained this criterion in spite of its economic weaknesses. To overcome these weaknesses we propose the criterion of shareholder welfare maximization and argue that it can better explain observed behavior. Finally, we outline how shareholder welfare maximization can be implemented in practice. |
| Keywords: | Shareholder Value,Shareholder Welfare,Proxy Voting |
| JEL: | G3 L21 K22 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:cbscwp:317&r= |
| By: | Phan, Trang Hoai |
| Abstract: | Better working conditions promote employee creativity and loyalty. Meanwhile, a stable and skilled workforce contributes to a firm’s sustainable growth. Therefore, providing favorable working conditions is one of the critical sustainable goals of many countries worldwide. However, some critics are concerned participating in international trade causes worsening employment conditions in developing countries. Driven by these concerns, the relationship between exports and labor conditions is worth illuminating. This study adopts the data from Vietnam’s small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises (SMEs). The dataset was collected by the Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs (MOLISA) and the University of Copenhagen, UNU-WIDER from 2011 to 2015. Unlike previous studies, this study clusters firms by export status, including four groups: non-exporting, consecutive exporting, start-exporting, and exit-exporting. Observing dynamic exports sheds light on the effects of export decisions more thoroughly than the static export. Another contribution, this study focuses on an essential aspect of working conditions: providing fringe benefits. Subsequently, the analysis is upgraded by controlling for firm constraints as interaction variables. A major constraint and financial constraint are adopted to proxy for a firm’s constraints. This work promotes assessments to be more accurate, thereby providing more valuable information to policymakers. Finally, a robustness test is applied to each type of fringe benefit. Instrumental variables are used to solve the problem of endogeneity. The results found that exporting firms provide better working conditions. Additionally, constrained firms have worse working conditions. |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dar:wpaper:133903&r= |