| Abstract: | Debt overhang and moral hazard related to risk-shifting opportunities predict 
that low capitalized banks have a lower likelihood to issue equity. In 
contrast to this view, for an international sample of bank Seasoned Equity 
Offerings (SEOs), we show that the likelihood of issuing an SEO is generally 
higher in low capitalized banks. We provide a series of tests exploring the 
variation of capital regulation, systemic conditions and market discipline to 
understand the driving forces behind this result. We find that market 
mechanisms rather than capital regulation are the primary, key driver of the 
decision to issue by low capitalized banks. |