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on Collective Decision-Making |
| By: | Debasis Mishra (Indian Statistical Institute, Delhi); Xu Lang (Southwest University of Finance and Economics) |
| Abstract: | We study a model of voting with two alternatives in a symmetric environment. We characterize the interim allocation probabilities that can be implemented by a symmetric voting rule. We show that every such interim allocation probabilities can be implemented as a convex combination of two families of deterministic voting rules: qualified majority and qualified anti-majority. We also provide analogous results by requiring implementation by a unanimous voting rule. A consequence of our results is that if the prior is indepenent, every symmetric and orinally Bayesian incentive compatible voting rule is reduced (interim) form equivalent to a symmetric and strategy-proof voting rule. |
| Keywords: | reduced form voting, unanimous voting, ordinal Bayesian incentive compatibility |
| JEL: | D82 |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:alo:isipdp:22-03&r= |
| By: | Joshua Fjelstul (Department of Political Science and International Relations, University of Geneva); Simon Hug (Department of Political Science and International Relations, University of Geneva); Christopher Kilby (Department of Economics, Villanova School of Business, Villanova University) |
| Abstract: | Existing databases for UNGA voting (e.g., Bailey et al. 2017) provide excellent coverage of United Nations General Assembly voting on resolutions that were adopted by roll call vote. These databases, however, have some known limitations: They were built on historical dataset (e.g., the ICPSR dataset) that have varying coverage and definitions. They do not cover resolutions adopted by consensus. They do not consistently cover votes on draft resolutions that failed, i.e., votes on resolutions that were not adopted, or votes leading up to consideration by the UNGA. In this paper, we present an updated dataset that attempts to expand and improve the consistency of the UNGA decisions covered. We provide some comparisons of our database with other UNGA datasets, as well as explore the implications of more complete data for existing and future research. |
| Keywords: | United Nations General Assembly; roll call voting |
| JEL: | F53 |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:vil:papers:56&r= |
| By: | Pedro Bessone; Filipe R. Campante; Claudio Ferraz; Pedro Souza |
| Abstract: | We study the relationship between the spread of social media platforms and the communication and responsiveness of politicians towards voters, in the context of the expansion of Facebook in Brazil. We use self-collected data on the universe of Facebook activities by federal legislators and the variation in access induced by the spread of the 3G mobile phone network to establish three sets of findings: (i) Politicians use social media extensively to communicate with constituents, finely targeting localities while addressing policy-relevant topics; (ii) They increase their online engagement, especially with places where they have a large pre-existing vote share; but (iii) They shift their offline engagement (measured by speeches and earmarked transfers) away from connected municipalities within their base of support. Our results suggest that, rather than increasing responsiveness, social media may enable politicians to solidify their position with core supporters using communication strategies, while shifting resources away towards localities that lag in social media presence. |
| JEL: | D72 H72 L86 L96 |
| Date: | 2022–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:30306&r= |
| By: | Valentina Stöhr (TUMCS for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich) |
| Abstract: | This paper provides insight into the impact of party cues on the public’s desire for climate protection during the COVID-19 crisis. In particular, the effects of cues from one or multiple parties as well as the mechanisms behind these effects are analyzed. Utilizing the case of Germany’s multi-party system, two online survey experiments with a representative sample of the German voting population are conducted. Despite finding rather small effect sizes overall, results show that a party statement in favor of more climate protection is effective in changing participants’ opinions towards the same direction. People appear to be even more impressionable when they receive unexpected cues or are lead to believe that all parties work together to fight climate change. Finally, respondents that do not care about or oppose climate protection are more easily persuaded. Thus, these results could be employed to shape the way politicians and parties in multi-party systems convey the need for more ambitious climate policies. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Party Cues, Multi-party System, Experiment |
| JEL: | C91 D91 Q54 |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aiw:wpaper:23&r= |
| By: | Nicolas Bijon (UPR Recyclage et risque - Recyclage et risque - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, PEnSTer - PEnSTer: Pollutions Environnement Santé Territoire - HSM - Hydrosciences Montpellier - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier, ERT - IMT Mines Alès - ERT - IMT - MINES ALES - IMT - MINES ALES - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] - HSM - Hydrosciences Montpellier - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier, Veolia Environnement Research and Innovation); Juliette Cerceau (PEnSTer - PEnSTer: Pollutions Environnement Santé Territoire - HSM - Hydrosciences Montpellier - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier, ERT - IMT Mines Alès - ERT - IMT - MINES ALES - IMT - MINES ALES - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] - HSM - Hydrosciences Montpellier - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier); Magali Dechesne (Veolia Environnement Research and Innovation); Guillaume Junqua (PEnSTer - PEnSTer: Pollutions Environnement Santé Territoire - HSM - Hydrosciences Montpellier - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier, ERT - IMT Mines Alès - ERT - IMT - MINES ALES - IMT - MINES ALES - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] - HSM - Hydrosciences Montpellier - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier); Tom Wassenaar (UPR Recyclage et risque - Recyclage et risque - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement) |
| Abstract: | In an industrial symbiosis initiative (IS-I), an initiating actor faced with a situation aims to enroll other actors in a collective action, or response, to address the situation. The rational myth theory embeds this "situation-response" pair. This paper explores the relevance of rational myth, along with that of plausible promise, to understand the emergence and development of IS-Is. We adapt the definition of these two concepts to IS and illustrate how they take shape with real case studies, by conducting the qualitative analysis of 14 French IS-Is. We demonstrate the potential of this framework to shed new light on IS-Is, and address a new range of questions for the dynamic analysis of initiatives. This paves the way to study the role of plausible promises in the initiation and development of IS-Is, and the design of discourses that enhance initiatives in situations of high potential of synergy. |
| Keywords: | Industrial symbiosis,Plausible promise,Rational myth,Discourse,Case studies |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03712860&r= |
| By: | Etienne Le Rossignol; Sara Lowes |
| Abstract: | Moral universalism, the extent to which individuals exhibit similar altruism and trust towards in-group and out-group members, varies widely across societies. We test the hypothesis from anthropology that the requirements of transhumant pastoralism – a livelihood in which populations seasonally migrate and herd livestock – made individuals highly interdependent and cohesive within groups but hostile to individuals beyond the radius of extended kin. Using global data, we find that historical reliance on transhumant pastoralism is strongly predictive of greater in-group relative to out-group trust. This result is consistent across countries, between residents of the same country, among second-generation migrants, and with an instrumental variable strategy. We find evidence that these results are specific to transhumant pastoralism. The effects are particularly pronounced when transhumant pastoralists interact with groups that rely on other forms of economic production and in areas that are prone to climate shocks and conflict. Finally, we explore the economic implications of limited moral universalism. We find that greater reliance on transhumant pastoralism is associated with less objective promotion criteria within firms and smaller firm size. |
| JEL: | N9 O1 Z1 Z10 |
| Date: | 2022–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:30259&r= |
| By: | Chatterjee, Sidharta |
| Abstract: | In this paper, I discuss about the axiomatic basis of rational choice theory—the theory that is behind making rational choice and decisions. To make rational choices, we would require thinking rationally and understanding the reason and logic behind what makes a choice rational, and how we need to choose rationally. Decisions are made under various circumstances, i.e., under risk, and often under compulsion. In social choice theory, decisions are made by different types of decision making entities, i.e., committees, groups, individuals and collective judgments by various types of organizations, etc. This paper highlights these issues and addresses the fundamental tenets of making rational choices by examining and following the previous workings of experts on this field. As such, it introduces a novel concept and the idea of Social Choice Rationality in choosing what’s rational. |
| Keywords: | Choice, decision making, rational choice, social choice theory, Social Choice Rationality, Social welfare, welfare actions |
| JEL: | I3 Z1 |
| Date: | 2022–07–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:113880&r= |
| By: | Bester, Helmut; Sákovics, József |
| Abstract: | We investigate the welfare effect of increasing competition in an anonymous two-sided matching market, where matched pairs play an infinitely repeated Prisoner's Dilemma. Higher matching efficiency is usually considered detrimental as it creates stronger incentives for defection. We point out, however, that a reduction in matching frictions also increases welfare because more agents find themselves in a cooperative relationship. We characterize the conditions for which increasing competition increases overall welfare. In particular, this is always the case when the incentives for defection are high. |
| Keywords: | Cooperation,Prisoner's Dilemma,Competition,Welfare,Matching,Trust Building |
| JEL: | C72 C73 C78 D6 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:fubsbe:20226&r= |