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on MENA - Middle East and North Africa |
| By: | Anas Lyamani (USMS - Université Sultan Moulay Slimane); Mohamed Atik (USMS - Université Sultan Moulay Slimane) |
| Keywords: | SIRH, Performance, Maroc, Analyse quantitative HR digitalisation, Public sector, HRIS, Morocco, Quantitative Analysis, Secteur public, Digitalisation RH, Digitalisation RH Secteur public SIRH Performance Maroc Analyse quantitative HR digitalisation Public sector HRIS Performance Morocco Quantitative Analysis |
| Date: | 2026–02–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05501239 |
| By: | Wafae Amrani (UM5R - Université Mohammed V de Rabat – Faculté des Sciences Juridiques, Économiques et Sociales – Souissi); Saad Elouardirhi (UM5R - Université Mohammed V de Rabat – Faculté des Sciences Juridiques, Économiques et Sociales – Souissi) |
| Abstract: | Déclaration de divulgation :Les auteurs n'ont pas connaissance de quelconque financement qui pourrait affecter l'objectivité de cette étude. Ils assument l'entière responsabilité de tout éventuel plagiat, de l'usage de l'intelligence artificielle dans la rédaction, ainsi que des résultats présentés dans cet article. Conflit d'intérêts :Les auteurs ne signalent aucun conflit d'intérêts. |
| Keywords: | C32 Type du papier : Recherche empirique Financial decentralization, C32 Paper type: Empirical Research, Morocco. Classification JEL: H7, Economic growth, O1, H2, Maroc. JEL Classification : H7, VAR, Croissance économique, Décentralisation financière, Décentralisation financière Croissance économique VAR Maroc. JEL Classification : H7 H2 O1 C32 Type du papier : Recherche empirique Financial decentralization Economic growth VAR Morocco. Classification JEL: H7 H2 O1 C32 Paper type: Empirical Research |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05528506 |
| By: | Anas Lyamani (USMS - Université Sultan Moulay Slimane); Mohamed Atik (USMS - Université Sultan Moulay Slimane) |
| Abstract: | The structural shortage of human resources in Morocco's public health sector has led to an increasing reliance on service delivery contracts, particularly in rural areas where medical and paramedical staff are most needed. This study examines the impact ofthese contractual arrangements on healthcare quality in the province of Khouribga, focusing on three key dimensions: accessibility, continuity, and quality of care. Using an in-depth case study approach, this research adopts a mixed-method design that combines semi-structured interviews with healthcare actors (physicians, nurses, and provincial managers) and quantitative analysis of local health reports. Preliminary findings reveal that such contracts have temporarily improved geographic access to healthcare services, yet raise critical challenges regarding staff stability, service continuity, and professional motivation. The study ultimately aims to inform policymakers on how to better integrate contractual personnel into the national health strategy, ensuring greater efficiency, equity, and sustainability in public health human resource management. |
| Abstract: | La pénurie structurelle en ressources humaines dans le secteur de la santé publique au Maroc a conduit à la multiplication des contrats de prestation de services, notamment dans les zones rurales où les besoins en personnel médical et paramédical sont les plus pressants. Cette recherche analyse l'impact de ces contrats sur la qualité des soins dans la province de Khouribga, en mettant l'accent sur trois dimensions clés : l'accessibilité, la continuité et la qualité des prestations offertes. À travers une étude de cas approfondie, fondée sur une approche mixte combinant des entretiens semi-directifs avec les acteurs de santé (médecins, infirmiers, responsables provinciaux) et l'analyse de données quantitatives issues des rapports sanitaires locaux, l'étude met en évidence à la fois les apports et les limites de ce mode contractuel. Les résultats préliminaires suggèrent que les contrats de prestation ont permis de réduire temporairement les disparités géographiques d'accès aux soins, mais posent des défis en matière de stabilité du personnel, de continuité des services et de motivation professionnelle. Cette recherche vise ainsi à éclairer les décideurs sur les conditions d'une meilleure intégration des contractuels dans la stratégie nationale de santé, afin de concilier efficacité, équité et durabilité dans les politiques de ressources humaines en santé. |
| Keywords: | Accessibility, Contrats de prestation de services Ressources humaines en santé Zones rurales Qualité des soins Accessibilité Maroc Gouvernance sanitaire Service delivery contracts Health human resources Rural areas Quality of care Accessibility Morocco Health governance, Health governance, Morocco, Contrats de prestation de services, Quality of care, Rural areas, Health human resources, Gouvernance sanitaire Service delivery contracts, Maroc, Accessibilité, Qualité des soins, Zones rurales, Ressources humaines en santé |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05588460 |
| By: | Zineb Mesbah (FSJESJ - faculté des sciences économiques, juridiques et sociales d'El Jadida, UCD - Université Chouaib Doukkali, LARGESS - Laboratoire de Recherche en Gestion, Economie et Sciences Sociales - FSJESJ - faculté des sciences juridiques, économiques et sociales d'El Jadida); Leila Zamouri (FSJESJ - faculté des sciences juridiques, économiques et sociales d'El Jadida, UCD - Université Chouaib Doukkali, LARGESS - Laboratoire de Recherche en Gestion, Economie et Sciences Sociales - FSJESJ - faculté des sciences juridiques, économiques et sociales d'El Jadida) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines how education and training in the green economy can represent a strategic lever for achieving sustainable socioeconomic development in Morocco.The green economy makes it possible to create green jobs, reduce poverty, and strengthen resilience to climate change by encouraging the responsible use of natural resources. In this context, education and training play a major role, not only in raising awareness among younger generations about the environmental and economic challenges facing the country, such as water stress, natural resource degradation, drought, youth unemployment, etc., but also in providing them with the technical skills necessary for sustainable and innovative professions. This contribution is based on a narrative literature review, drawing on the theoretical frameworks of sustainable development and human capital. It aims, on the one hand, to analyze the key role of education and training in promoting the green economy in Morocco, and on the other hand, to identify good practices and formulate concrete recommendations to strengthen green skills. By mobilizing the theoretical foundations of sustainable development and human capital theory, this paper highlights the need for asustainable and inclusive educational model centered on environmental, technical, and entrepreneurial skills.The conclusions show that green economy education and training can significantly promote youth employability, strengthen the country's competitiveness, and accelerate the ecological transition. Recommendations are suggested for better integrating sustainability into education and vocational training in Morocco. |
| Abstract: | Cet article s'intéresse principalement à la manière dont l'éducation et la formation à l'économie verte peuvent représenter un levier stratégique fin d'atteindre un développement socioéconomique durable au Maroc. L'économie verte permet, de façon pertinente, de créer des emplois verts, de réduire la pauvreté et de renforcer la résistance face aux changements climatiques en encourageant l'utilisation responsable des ressources naturelles. Dans ce contexte, l'éducation et la formation jouent un rôle majeur, non seulement pour sensibiliser les jeunes générations aux enjeux environnementaux et économiques que connaît le pays tels que le stress hydrique, la dégradation des ressources naturelles, la sécheresse, le chômage des jeunes..., mais également pour leur fournir les compétences techniques nécessaires à des métiers durables et innovants. Cette contribution repose sur une revue de littérature narrative, mobilisant les cadres théoriques du développement durable et du capital humain. Elle vise d'une part, à analyser le rôle primordial de l'éducation et de la formation dans la promotion de l'économie verte au Maroc; d'une autre part, elle permet d'identifier les bonnes pratiques et de formuler des recommandations concrètes dans le but de renforcer les compétences vertes. En mobilisant le cadre théorique, du développement durable et la théorie du capital humain, cette communication met en lumière la nécessité d'un modèle éducatif durable et inclusif, centré sur les compétences environnementales, techniques et entrepreneuriales. Les conclusions de cette étude montrent que l'éducation et la formation à l'économie verte peut promouvoir significativement l'employabilité des jeunes, renforcer la compétitivité du pays et accélérer la transition écologique. Des recommandations sont suggérées pour une meilleure intégration de la durabilité dans l'éducation et la formation professionnelle au Maroc. |
| Keywords: | Education, Training, Green economy, Sustainable development, Morocco, Maroc, développement durable, économie verte, formation, Éducation |
| Date: | 2026–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05440131 |
| By: | Tuncer, Ali Coskun |
| Abstract: | Using a monthly security-level dataset, this paper reconstructs market size, composition, and equity returns for Alexandria, Cairo, and Istanbul. By 1913, equity capitalization reached 40% of GDP in Egypt but 14% in Ottoman Turkey. Growth came through new issuance rather than price appreciation, while risk-adjusted returns were low. Istanbul returns co-moved more strongly with London, reflecting foreign-incorporated mining and banking firms linked to international capital markets, while Egypt’s larger market was concentrated in land and mortgage finance tied to its cotton economy. The findings show that legal regimes governing foreign capital shaped how peripheral exchanges interacted with global financial markets. |
| Keywords: | Stock market capitalization |
| JEL: | N25 G15 F65 |
| Date: | 2026–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:21520 |
| By: | Lamia Mountassir (Université Hassan 1er [Settat]); Firdaous Gmira (Université Hassan 1er [Settat]); Samah Ibnou-Laaroussi (Cardiff University); Fatima Ezzahra Khtabe (Coventry University) |
| Abstract: | Gen Z (ages 15 to 24) in Morocco makes up 16.2% of the population and exhibits behaviors distinct from older generations. They are highly tech-savvy, using the internet for work, dating, and socializing. Social media plays a central role in their lives, with 43% spending 3 to 5 hours daily on these platforms. The rise of advanced technologies has also transformed experiential marketing, which traditionally engages consumers through experiences that evoke emotions, perceptions, and thoughts. This has led to the evolution of Digital Experiential Marketing, which uses technology to create unique, interactive experiences. The question is: how can this digital integration enhance repurchase intentions among Gen Z in Morocco? This paper will explore this question through a literature review of relevant concepts and a survey of 117 Gen Z individuals living in Morocco. |
| Keywords: | Experiential marketing, Emotional connections, Interactivity, Consumer behavior, Purchase intentions, Digital experiential marketing, Morocco, GenZ, GenZ Morocco Digital experiential marketing Purchase intentions Experiential marketing Emotional connections Interactivity Consumer behavior |
| Date: | 2026–04–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05585869 |
| By: | Abboud, Ali; Bazzi, Samuel; Canaan, Serena; Deeb, Antoine; Mouganie, Pierre |
| Abstract: | This paper examines how authority figures in higher education shape gender norms over the long run. We exploit the random assignment of first-year students to faculty advisors at an elite university in the Middle East and combine administrative records with an alumni survey measuring gender attitudes up to 24 years later. Women assigned to female advisors adopt more egalitarian views about politics and work, while men become more conservative. These effects are strongest among religious students and in male-dominated STEM fields, where female authority is especially counter-stereotypical. The effects may persist through reinforcement, as women assigned to female advisors later sort toward female instructors and more gender-themed courses. Our results do not appear to be driven by generic exposure to successful women. Instead, they point to a distinct role for authority in transmitting gender norms: randomized exposure to high-achieving female peers has little effect, while the largest impacts come from senior and high-value-added female advisors. A simple framework combining belief updating and identity-based status threat helps explain these patterns of female empowerment and male backlash. More broadly, our findings reveal a progress paradox whereby gains in female representation in elite authority expand opportunities for women while intensifying backlash among men, thereby deepening gender polarization. |
| Keywords: | Polarization; Backlash; Religion |
| JEL: | I23 J16 J24 P00 Z12 Z13 |
| Date: | 2026–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:21449 |
| By: | Hajar Tabyaoui (USMS - Université Sultan Moulay Slimane); Nabil Bouayad Amine |
| Abstract: | Today, the missions of tax authorities are increasingly threatened by changes in the environment, particularly by digitization and the rise of e-commerce, which, given its characteristics, has had a significant impact on legal, political, and tax issues. The issue of e-commerce taxation has sparked much debate, which is why this paper is of interest. This article is a review that presents the current state of knowledge on the subject, particularly on the tax challenges and the various measures taken by different countries, with a particular focus on VAT. It will provide food for thought on how Morocco could address this issue. The literature reveals that traditional VAT mechanisms are proving inadequate for cross-border B2C e-commerce, whose security relies mainly on taxation at the place of consumption, the involvement of platforms, and the centralization of declarations. |
| Abstract: | Aujourd'hui, les missions des autorités fiscales sont de plus en plus menacées par les mutations de l'environnement, en particulier par la digitalisation et l'essor du commerce électronique, qui a, au vu de ses caractéristiques, généré des effets notables à la fois sur les aspects juridiques, politiques, et fiscaux. La question de fiscalisation du commerce électronique a notamment a provoqué de multiples débats, ce qui justifie l'intérêt de ce papier. Cet article est une revue de synthèse qui présente l'état des connaissances sur le sujet, notamment sur les défis fiscaux et les différentes mesures entreprises par différents États avec un accent particulier sur la TVA. Cela permettra d'offrir des pistes de réflexion sur la manière dont le Maroc pourrait traiter cette question. La littérature révèle que les mécanismes traditionnels de TVA montrent leurs insuffisances face au commerce électronique B2C transfrontalier, sa sécurisation repose surtout sur l'imposition au lieu de consommation, l'implication des plateformes, et la centralisation des déclarations. |
| Keywords: | e-commerce, digital economy, digital products, taxation, VAT, digital presence, TVA, présence numérique, fiscalité, produits numériques, économie numérique |
| Date: | 2026–01–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05577567 |
| By: | Fadi Daraghmeh; Sameh Hallaq |
| Abstract: | This study examines the state of decent work in the West Bank, focusing on the intersection of labor market conditions, gender disparities, and the fragility of legal enforcement. Using a mixed-methods approach that combines labor force surveys, qualitative interviews, and institutional analysis, we document substantial gaps in labor rights, social protection, and equitable employment opportunities, particularly for women and youth. The findings reveal that informal work, weak regulatory frameworks, and limited access to social protection undermine progress toward Sustainable Development Goal 8 of the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda, which aims to promote sustained, inclusive, and productive employment. Policy recommendations emphasize the need for comprehensive legal reform, targeted skills development, and social protection expansion to enhance labor market inclusion and economic resilience in fragile contexts. |
| Keywords: | Decent work; West Bank; Youth; Women; creative industries |
| JEL: | J21 J38 O15 |
| Date: | 2026–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lev:wrkpap:wp_1116 |
| By: | Almoaibed, Hanaa; Khaiyat, Lama |
| Abstract: | The economic diversification strategy linked to Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 underpins a new and ambitious skills agenda, driven by the government’s Human Capability Development Programme and a growing ecosystem of public and private training initiatives. This paper argues that this skills agenda functions as an exercise in soft power: by equipping young Saudis with globally valued competencies in communication, civic engagement, arts, culture, and digital literacy, the Kingdom is cultivating a generation capable of embodying and projecting a modern national identity at home and abroad. Drawing on the theoretical frameworks of soft power and human capital theory, and through two illustrative cases of skills development in political engagement and arts and culture, the paper explores how education and training reform is being deployed as a strategic tool of statecraft. While the initiatives reflect a genuine commitment to economic development and global competitiveness, the paper also identifies the tensions inherent in this approach: its reliance on a neoliberal human capital logic that essentialises skills and places the burden of success on individuals, its risk of deepening inequalities in access, and its instrumentalisation of youth as soft power champions rather than as agents of their own futures. In doing so, it calls for a more human-centred approach to skills development, one that broadens opportunity structures and creates space for young Saudis to contribute to, rather than simply serve, the national narrative. |
| JEL: | R14 J01 N0 |
| Date: | 2026–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:138978 |
| By: | Lamyaa Lemfarreg (UM5 - Université Mohammed V de Rabat [Agdal]); Imane Neggaoui (UM5 - Université Mohammed V de Rabat [Agdal]) |
| Abstract: | Digitalization of supply chains is increasingly recognized as a strategic driver of competitiveness, particularly in sectors characterized by high operational complexity, strong information intensity, and stringent regulatory requirements. However, prior research highlights that the performance and competitiveness outcomes of digitalization remain contingent upon the organizational and inter-organizational mechanisms through which digital technologies are deployed. In this context, this study examines the impact of supply chain digitalization on competitiveness within the Moroccan fisheries sector, emphasizing the mediating role of supply chain integration. Drawing on a quantitative survey of 563 actors involved across all major stages of the Moroccan fisheries supply chain and covering the Kingdom's main coastal regions, the study employs partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings indicate that digitalization significantly strengthens supply chain integration, which in turn exerts a direct and decisive effect on competitiveness. The results further demonstrate that supply chain integration represents the central mechanism through which digital capabilities are translated into competitive performance at the inter-organizational level. From a theoretical perspective, this research contributes to the supply chain management literature by confirming the conditional and indirect nature of digitalization effects, while positioning supply chain integration as a key structural lever of competitiveness in perishable product supply chains. From a managerial standpoint, the findings highlight the importance of conceiving digitalization as a means to enhance coordination, connectivity, and information sharing among supply chain actors in order to achieve sustainable competitiveness in the Moroccan fisheries sector. |
| Abstract: | Résumé :La digitalisation des chaînes logistiques est largement reconnue comme un levier stratégique de compétitivité, en particulier dans les secteurs caractérisés par une forte complexité opérationnelle, une intensité informationnelle élevée et des exigences réglementaires strictes. Toutefois, la littérature souligne que ses effets sur la performance demeurent contingents et dépendent étroitement des mécanismes organisationnels et inter-organisationnels qui en structurent l'usage. Dans ce contexte, cette recherche analyse l'impact de la digitalisation sur la compétitivité de la filière halieutique marocaine, en mettant en évidence le rôle médiateur de l'intégration de la chaîne logistique.S'appuyant sur une enquête quantitative menée auprès de 563 acteurs couvrant l'ensemble des maillons de la chaîne logistique halieutique et les principales zones côtières du Royaume, l'étude mobilise la modélisation par équations structurelles selon l'approche PLS-SEM. Les résultats montrent que la digitalisation renforce significativement l'intégration de la chaîne logistique, laquelle exerce un effet direct et déterminant sur la compétitivité. Ils indiquent également que l'intégration constitue un mécanisme central par lequel les capacités numériques sont traduites en performance compétitive à l'échelle inter-organisationnelle.Sur le plan théorique, cette recherche contribue à la littérature en supply chain management en confirmant le caractère indirect et conditionnel des effets de la digitalisation, tout en positionnant l'intégration de la chaîne logistique comme levier structurant de compétitivité dans les chaînes de produits périssables. Sur le plan managérial, les résultats soulignent la nécessité de concevoir la digitalisation comme un vecteur de coordination, de connectivité et de partage de l'information afin de renforcer durablement la compétitivité de la filière halieutique marocaine. |
| Keywords: | Intégration de la chaîne logistique, Compétitivité, Filière halieutique marocaine, PLS-SEM, Digitalisation |
| Date: | 2026–02–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05593276 |
| By: | Bilgin, Nuriye Melisa; Ottaviano, Gianmarco |
| Abstract: | We study how digital infrastructure relaxes constraints on the diffusion and economic impact of artificial intelligence (AI). Using administrative data and a nationally representative enterprise survey from Turkey (2021–2024), we document significant disparities in AI adoption. Adoption is concentrated among large firms and in regions with high-speed broadband and proximity to data centers, particularly for software-intensive and cloud-based applications. To identify causal effects, we exploit the staggered expansion of Turkey’s national natural gas pipeline network, which serves as a conduit for fiber-optic deployment. Because pipeline routing is determined by energy distribution priorities rather than digital demand, it provides plausibly exogenous variation in connectivity. Difference-in-differences estimates show that improved connectivity significantly increases AI adoption, particularly for software-intensive technologies and among small and medium-sized enterprises. Instrumental-variable estimates indicate that infrastructure-driven AI adoption raises labor productivity and export intensity while shifting labor composition toward ICT-related roles. These findings highlight digital infrastructure as a primary determinant of both the pace of AI diffusion and its resulting economic returns. |
| Keywords: | Artificial intelligence; Digital infrastructure; Broadband; Technology diffusion; Firm productivity; Cloud computing |
| JEL: | O33 L86 D24 J24 O14 R12 |
| Date: | 2026–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:21385 |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | Elevated regional tensions have tested Israel’s economic resilience. Amid ongoing hostilities in the Middle East, defense expenditure is expected to remain high, and labor supply constrained by military mobilization and reduced availability of non-Israeli workers. These pressures would compound longstanding structural challenges—such as persistently low labor-market participation among certain groups—and weigh on Israel’s medium-term economic outlook. |
| Date: | 2026–07–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:2026/161 |
| By: | Dario Caldara; Matteo Iacoviello |
| Abstract: | The conflict in the Middle East has severely constrained global supplies of oil and natural gas. The conflict is also disrupting the provision of other inputs critical to global supply chains, such as naphtha and fertilizers, leading to lengthier delivery times and surging prices for affected products. |
| Date: | 2026–06–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedgfn:103467 |
| By: | Majd Olleik; Haytham M. Dbouk; Anne Neumann; Elsa Bou Gebrael; Sebastian Zwickl-Bernhard |
| Abstract: | Despite near-universal electrification in many countries, electricity supply shortages continue to shape household energy use. This paper examines how households adapt to chronic grid failure in high-electrification, high-dependence contexts, using Lebanon as a case study. Drawing on original survey data from 1, 000 households, we analyze both supply-side coping mechanisms such as diesel generators and solar photovoltaic (PV)-battery systems, and demand-side adaptations, including load shifting and demand suppression. The results reveal a landscape of household responses, where socioeconomic status plays a central role in determining access to backup solutions and the extent of met demand. While diesel generators remain widespread, a transition toward PV-battery systems is observed, especially among financially capable households. However, decentralized self-generation is associated with inefficiencies, including substantial levels of curtailed solar generation. On the demand side, households exhibit reductions in electricity use, leading to distinct consumption profiles depending on the type of backup system employed. These findings highlight the importance of distinguishing between met and unmet demand when assessing energy needs under unreliable supply. The paper contributes to the literature by providing a quantitative characterization of the interaction between self-generation and demand adaptation in a supply-constrained high-electrification context. It also offers empirical demand profiles that incorporate suppressed consumption, addressing a key gap in electricity system planning. From a policy perspective, the results underscore the need to account for unmet demand, address inequities in access to coping technologies, and reduce inefficiencies in decentralized systems. |
| Date: | 2026–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2606.17807 |