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on MENA - Middle East and North Africa |
| By: | Abdessalam Jaldi; Hamza Mjahed |
| Abstract: | This policy paper examines India’s growing engagement in North Africa, focusing on five countries: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt. Despite lacking a distinct regional policy for North Africa, India has amplified its bilateral engagement with these countries, underpinned by a steadfast commitment to the principle of South-South cooperation. Through its strategic moves in North Africa, India has established a powerful southern-west axis for its foreign policy that stretches from Iran to Morocco, enabling it to effectively cover the entire southern Mediterranean region. This paper traces the trajectory of India’s relations with North Africa, from an ideological approach to a more pragmatic approach focused on economic and security cooperation. It also highlights India’s economic engagement in the region, which has enabled it to emerge as one of the top trading partners for Morocco, Egypt, and Algeria. Based on this analysis, the paper concludes with recommendations to deepen India’s engagement in North Africa, and to enhance its regional presence. |
| Date: | 2023–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:rpcoen:pp_04-23 |
| By: | Gilbert Alan Okouanga Pira (USMS - Université Sultan Moulay Slimane); Fatima Touhami (USMS - Université Sultan Moulay Slimane) |
| Abstract: | Cooperatives play an important role in job creation. It is a source of income generation throughout the world. It is also an economic player whose role and activities contribute to solving the problems of poverty and the development of societies, even if it gives rise to voluntary autonomy in order to satisfy common needs. Its establishment calls for several economic, social, cultural and legal aspects. This paper is concerned with a comparative study of the legal and economic framework of Moroccan and Gabonese cooperatives. The aim is to highlight the points in common, while noting the differences between the legislation governing cooperatives in these two countries, and to take advantage of the legal texts in force. Our main interest is to identify the different economic trends by showing the importance of the legal texts for good organization of the cooperative. This study has enabled us to put forward a number of proposals for the economic development of Moroccan and Gabonese cooperatives, in terms of both organization and functions. The creation of think tanks made up of economic and legal experts could be a step forward in terms of management methods and support for volunteers. The analysis of the information gathered has enabled us to monitor the legal and economic development of Moroccan and Gabonese cooperatives, through their organization and involvement in certain sectors of activity. |
| Abstract: | La coopérative joue un rôle important dans la création d'emploi. Il s'agit d'une source génératrice de revenus dans le monde entier. C'est aussi un acteur économique dont le rôle et les activités contribuent à résoudre les problèmes de pauvreté et du développement des sociétés, même si elle suscite une autonomie volontaire afin de satisfaire des besoins communs. Sa mise en place fait appelle à plusieurs aspects économiques, sociaux, culturels et juridiques. Le présent travail s'intéresse à une étude comparative du cadre juridico-économique des coopératives marocaines et gabonaises. Il s'agit de mettre en avant les points communs, tout en relevant les différences entre ce qui se fait dans la législation des coopératives dans ces deux pays et en tirer profit des textes de loi en vigueur. Notre intérêt principal est de déceler les différentes tendances économiques en montrant l'importance des textes de loi pour une bonne organisation de la coopérative. Cette étude nous a permis d'émettre des propositions favorables à l'essor économique des coopératives marocaines et gabonaises aussi bien sur l'aspect organisationnel que fonctionnelles. La création de cercles de réflexion composés d'experts économiques et juridiques pourrait constituer une avancée sur les méthodes de gestion et d'accompagnement des volontaires. Ainsi, l'analyse des informations recueillies nous a donné la possibilité de suivre l'évolution juridico-économique des coopératives marocaines et gabonaises, par leur organisation et leur implication dans certains secteurs d'activité. |
| Keywords: | Morocco, legal economic, Cooperative Classification JEL: K40 Ppaper type: Theoretical research, Gabon Maroc Juridico-économique Coopérative JEL Classification : K40 Type du papier : Recherche théorique Gabon Morocco legal economic Cooperative Classification JEL: K40 Ppaper type: Theoretical research, Gabon, Maroc, Juridico-économique, Coopérative JEL Classification : K40 Type du papier : Recherche théorique Gabon |
| Date: | 2024–08–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04680960 |
| By: | Isabelle Tsakok |
| Abstract: | For over six decades, Morocco has largely equated the achievement of food self-sufficiency (FSS) in ‘strategic’ food commodities to achieving food security. Successive governments have succeeded in guaranteeing the availability of and access to these commodities for the poor and vulnerable. In so doing, they have maintained social stability by fulfilling a basic social contract with the people. This is a major achievement, but the financial, economic, and environmental costs of this FSS approach are enormous. Morocco is now under increasing pressure to revisit these costs under the existential threat of climate change. Water scarcity, is of course, not a new problem for Morocco, a semi-arid country, but climate change threatens to turn water scarcity into a water crisis. Although governments have invested heavily in dams, irrigation infrastructure, and micro-irrigation technologies, and have succeeded in building a significant irrigated agriculture sector; recurrent droughts still have major adverse impacts on GDP growth and the livelihoods of the smallholder majority, most of the poor and vulnerable in rural areas. Despite the substantial achievements of the Plan Maroc Vert with irrigated agriculture, Moroccan agriculture is still dualistic. Rainfed agriculture still occupies 80% of the cultivated area, employs most of the agricultural workforce, and is relied on by the majority of smallholders most of whom are still involved in low-productivity farming. |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:rpaagr:pp_06-23 |
| By: | Mina Baliamoune |
| Abstract: | Greater female participation in the labor market and in international trade have been recognized as important drivers for economic growth and essential targets in the context of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, achieving both targets simultaneously will be difficult, if not impossible, in most Middle East and North African (MENA) countries without additional policies to eliminate the remarkably high levels of gender inequality in the labor market. In such countries, women are either excluded from the gains from trade or bear most of the burden of adjustment to greater integration in the global economy. Policymakers should recognize the impacts of greater integration into global trade on women’s labor-market outcomes, and should implement resolute policy measures to alleviate (if not eliminate) these impacts. |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbecon:pb_06-24 |
| By: | Abdelkhalek Touhami; Dorothée Boccanfuso |
| Abstract: | The targeting of public policies, particularly those related to the reform of the social protection system in Morocco, is a major challenge, especially in assessing the impact of these measures on multidimensional poverty. By developing two targeting methods to approach the impact of the reform of the social protection system in Morocco on multidimensional poverty as measured by the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), we show that the three simulated reforms on education and health, reduce the multidimensional poverty measures, regardless of the approach used, especially when the measures put in place are moderate. |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbecon:pb_26_23 |
| By: | Isabelle Tsakok |
| Abstract: | Climate change threatens to reduce the water flow in the Nile and increase the frequency and severity of droughts and floods in Egypt, which already suffers from water scarcity. This threat is a looming crisis as it seriously undermines the Government of Egypt’s long standing food self-sufficiency approach to food security, an approach which is wasteful of increasingly precious arable land and water resources, while achieving neither more food self-sufficiency nor meaningful food security for the poor and vulnerable. Given its fiscal constraints and the substantial budgetary resources it has been spending on subsidizing basic foods, this looming crisis is an opportune moment for Egypt’s government to re- assess and rebuild its food security approach, in the context of a fast urbanizing and youthful Egypt in a water-constrained, climate-change impacted world. |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:rpcoen:pp_01-23 |
| By: | Isachenko, Daria; Kaymak, Erol |
| Abstract: | In the Black Sea, Turkey has been able to engage in resource exploration and joint security arrangements with its neighbours. Ankara's approach to the Black Sea demonstrates that with the right diplomatic efforts and mutual recognition of interests, regional cooperation is possible even in complex geopolitical environments. The contrast in Ankara's positioning in the Black Sea and the Eastern Mediterranean highlights the potential for Turkey to participate in cooperative frameworks in the latter case, provided its concerns and interests are adequately addressed.tion policy is important both for understanding the actions of the invader and for developing action plans for the Ukrainian authorities after the end of the war and the liberation of these territories. |
| Keywords: | Turkey, foreign policy, Recep Tayyip Erdoægan, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), Russia, European Union (EU), United States (US), Black Sea, Eastern Mediterranean, regional cooperation, Organization of Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC), United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), Blue Homeland doctrine |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpcom:304322 |
| By: | Abdelghani Koura (USMS - Université Sultan Moulay Slimane); Abdeslam Boudhar (ENCG Beni Mellal - LAREMO - USMS - Université Sultan Moulay Slimane, USMS - Université Sultan Moulay Slimane); Mohamed Oudgou (LAREMO, USMS - Université Sultan Moulay Slimane) |
| Abstract: | SMEs are characterized by a number of flaws that threaten their survival and counteract them from reaching high levels of growth and development. Access to finance is the primary problem facing these companies in the Moroccan context. Aware of the effective and potential impacts of SMEs on the country as a whole, the Moroccan Government through a variety of actors has mobilized its efforts in a number of ways to support this population of companies. This study assesses the extent to which actors within the Moroccan SMEs' financing ecosystem align to support these companies and develop their ability to access external financing. Using the MACTOR model, based on an in-depth contextual analysis and expert interviews, our findings suggest that Morocco's SMEs' financing ecosystem is skewed, with high levels of convergence between its components. |
| Keywords: | SME financing public policy policy convergence MACTOR analysis guarantee schemes subsidies and direct aids incubation, SME financing, public policy, policy convergence, MACTOR analysis, guarantee schemes, subsidies and direct aids, Incubation, Moroccan SMEs, Policy Analysis |
| Date: | 2024–09–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04719058 |
| By: | Zeynep Onder; dil Ayberk |
| Abstract: | We estimate the price elasticity of housing supply and then provide empirical evidence on the determinants of the estimated elasticities at the province level in Turkey for the 2008Q1–2017Q4 period. The price elasticity of housing supply is a measure that provides information on how housing supply responds to price increases, and it plays a crucial role in urban development. The motivation for studying housing supply elasticity in Turkey stems from several reasons. First, over the last two decades, the construction industry has been the booster of the growth of the Turkish economy, and legal reforms support the rise of the sector by lifting regulatory restrictions on property development. Second, housing affordability has become one of the hot topics in Turkey due to rising house prices and an inflationary environment. We contribute to the housing studies literature by estimating housing supply elasticity and determining the factors that explain the elasticities in an emerging economy. The studies on housing supply elasticities agree that barriers to residential construction in the form of land availability or regulations are the main causes of low supply elasticity. Our results suggest that Turkish provinces have relatively low housing supply elasticity, and in line with the literature, geographical constraints seem to be associated with lower elasticities. We also provide evidence that demographic characteristics and local regulatory conditions matter in this environment. |
| Keywords: | emerging economies; Housing Supply; Price Elasticity; Undevelopable Land |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2024–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2024-211 |
| By: | Touhami Abdelkhalek; Dorothee Boccanfuso |
| Abstract: | Public policies, particularly those related to taxes and subsidies, should help to reduce poverty and inequality. However, the combination of components of these two systems, as implemented, leads sometimes to an increase in poverty and or inequality without being necessarily anticipated. In this policy brief, based on data from the 2019 wave of the Enquête Panel de Ménage from the Observatoire National du Développement Human from Morocco, we first highlight the influence of taxes and subsidies on household incomes. We derive the income variations relating to the tax burden and gains from subsidies for the different population groups. We then characterize taxes and subsidies in terms of their progressiveness and regressiveness. Finally, using a Shapley decomposition, we determine the contribution of each tax and subsidy to poverty and inequality measures. This analysis is done separately for rural and urban areas, useful to formulate recommendations on this basis. Our results show that the tax and subsidy system, taken all together, is redistributive. We can also conclude unambiguously that this system reduces poverty and inequality. However, the value-added tax is regressive in its current form, unlike income tax, which is progressive. Subsidies for primary and secondary education are highly progressive, while those for higher education are regressive, benefiting the wealthiest quintiles. Finally, explicit subsidies on flour, butane gas, and sugar reduce poverty, although they are not pro-poor.1 |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbecon:pb_42-23 |
| By: | Chiad, Faycal; GHERBI, Abdelhalim |
| Abstract: | The aim of this research is to provide a suitable empirical framework for the interaction between Islamic finance, financial stability and economic development. Additionally, it is an attempt to empirically evaluate how the levels of financial system stability and economic growth in an oil-rich nation are affected by the financing provided by the Islamic banks. Employing fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and quantile regression (QR) based on quarterly data for the years 2013 to 2022. The paper explores strong evidence that Islamic banking finance supports economic growth (coefficients ranging from 0.14 to 0.22) and improves financial system stability, as indicated by the coefficients ranging from 0.25 to 0.32. Moreover, the study highlights that this positive relationship is negatively affected by inflation rates and levels of economic policy uncertainty. Financial inclusion has an important positive impact on both dependent variables, which reinforces this link. Furthermore, oil rents in Saudi Arabia contributed to improving economic development and supporting the financial sector's development to achieve economic diversification aimed by Saudi Vision 2030. These findings confirm the necessity of paying attention to developing Islamic banking and increasing its market share by creating products and services that achieve economic efficiency in accordance with suitable policies for making the financial sector a strategic sector that supports economic development in KSA. |
| Keywords: | Islamic Banks, Financial Stability, Economic Growth, Quantile Regression |
| JEL: | C21 G21 G32 O47 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:122409 |
| By: | Mohamed Loulichki; Shoji Matsumoto |
| Abstract: | The 2021 judgment of the EU General Court holds that ‘Western Sahara’ is separate from Morocco, imposing on Morocco a responsibility to secure Polisario’s consent to its exploitation of natural resources in ‘Western Sahara’ and its adjacent waters, allegedly based on the UN Friendly Relations Declaration, which states that a non-self-governing territory has “a status separate and distinct from the territory of the State administering it.” The phrase is originated in the General Assembly resolution 1541 (XV) in 1960, referring to “a territory which is geographically separate and is distinct ethnically and/or culturally” from the administering State. This resolution is in turn based on the previous resolution 742 (VIII) in 1953, elaborating the meaning of ‘a status separate’ as “separation by land, sea or other natural obstacles.” While ‘Western Sahara’ is actually separate from its former administering State Spain, it is not separate from the rest of Morocco. Besides, the Polisario is not the only representative of “the people of Western Sahara.” And that, Polisario’s status as the people’s representative is opposable only in the UN-led peace process, from which the Polisario has declared to withdraw in 2020. Based on the universally accepted principles of democracy, moreover, a political will on Morocco’s exploitation of Saharan natural resources should be determined by the majority of different representatives of “the people of Western Sahara, ” not undemocratically by substantially granting a veto power to the Polisario, discriminating against other peoples, in violation of a jus cogens norm which absolutely prohibits discrimination. In consequence, contrary to the 2021 EU General Court decision, there is no responsibility for Morocco to obtain Polisario’s consent to the exploitation of Saharan natural resources, under the existing international law. |
| Date: | 2023–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:rpcoen:pp_03-23 |
| By: | Aziz Ajbilou; Karim El Aynaoui |
| Abstract: | This article aims at studying the changes in fertility rates in Morocco over time using available data from censuses and surveys conducted by High Commission for Planning (HCP), Ministry of Health, and National Observatory for Human Development (ONDH). Since 2010, fertility has shown a kind of stagnation or even a slight increase. This trend is more pronounced in urban areas, where the fertility rate for urban women was 1.8 children per woman in 2010, rose to 2.2 children per woman in 2019. In rural areas, fertility continued to decline until 2014, reaching 2.5 children per woman. It slightly increased to 2.7 children per woman in 2019. |
| Date: | 2024–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbecon:pb_13_24 |
| By: | Rabi Mohtar |
| Abstract: | National and regional visions for the future of water and food security have been at the forefront of sustainability talks. Nevertheless, the role of soil in water and food security and carbon management needs to be highlighted and integrated into these discussions and visions. The dynamic characterization of soil as a medium that accounts for the long-term impact of the agro-environmental conditions is of utmost importance to sustainability of these resources and to sustainable development in general. As the agriculture sector seeks to provide for growing populations by increasing food production, alternative sources of water must be found to alleviate the competition for water with other sectors, including energy and domestic water demand. Alternative sources include grey water, green water, and increasing water productivity for food production. |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:rpaagr:pb_14-24 |
| By: | Ugur Aytun (Department of Economics, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey); Julian Hinz (Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Bielefeld University , Bielefeld, Germany); Cem Ozguzel (Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne, Paris School of Economics, Paris, France) |
| Abstract: | In November 2015, Turkey's unexpected downing of a Russian military jet in Syria prompted Russia to impose a swift and comprehensive embargo on specific Turkish exports. This study leverages this quasi-natural experiment to estimate both the immediate and longer-term effects of the imposition and subsequent lifting of these sanctions. Utilizing administrative data encompassing all Turkish exporters, we first examine the impact on trade at the firm level, assessing the direct effects of the embargo, the redirection of trade to alternative markets, and the circumvention through other products. Second, we investigate broader repercussions on domestic operations, including firms' sales, procurement, and employment. Our findings show that while the embargo caused immediate and substantial declines in exports of affected products to Russia, firms partially mitigated these losses through trade diversion. Although relative trade patterns normalized post-sanctions, absolute trade values remained subdued. The analysis reveals that affected firms experienced declines in domestic sales and supplier relationships, with temporary disruptions in employment. However, most negative effects dissipated following the embargo's removal, except for some persistent reductions in procurement and supplier links. These results contribute to the understanding of sanctions' broader economic implications and the resilience of firms facing trade disruption. |
| Keywords: | Sanctions, Embargoes, Firm-level Effects, Gravity |
| JEL: | F10 F13 F14 F51 |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:met:wpaper:2404 |
| By: | Tastan, Kadri |
| Abstract: | The foundation of the European Union-Turkey economic and trade relations lies in the Customs Union and more broadly in the bilateral preferential trade framework, established in December 1995. For over nearly three decades, this partnership has played a pivotal role in integrating Turkish industries into European supply chains, significantly multiplying bilateral trade volumes. However, as the global economic and geopolitical environment has changed and concerns about trade resilience and national security have increased, new trends such as protectionism, offshoring, or friend-shoring are increasingly being discussed. These global developments present new challenges but also opportunities for EU-Turkey relations. |
| Keywords: | Customs Union, single market, European Economic Area, deglobalisation, decarbonisation, re-shoring, friend-shoring, European Chips Act, Critical Raw Materials Act, Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism, CBAM, Inflation Reduction Act, IRA, Green Deal |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpcom:304323 |
| By: | Laabidi Khalid (UH2MC - Université Hassan II [Casablanca]); Mohamed EL Aallaoui (UH2MC - Université Hassan II [Casablanca]) |
| Abstract: | The quantification of credit portfolio losses using the wavelet approach offers an innovative methodology for assessing the financial risks associated with credit. This approach uses advanced mathematical techniques to analyse temporal fluctuations in credit data. In terms of quantifying losses, the wavelet approach allows the decomposition of loss time series into different time scales. This makes it possible to identify short-and long-term trends as well as irregular variations. By analysing these scales, analysts can better understand the dynamics of credit losses and identify the underlying factors that contribute to fluctuations. To quantify credit portfolio losses, the cumulative loss function is approximated by a finite combination of wavelet basis functions by computing the coefficients of the wavelet approximation (WA). Wavelet approximation is an accurate, robust and fast method that enables VaR to be estimated much more quickly than with other loss quantification methods, such as the Monte Carlo MC method. |
| Keywords: | Wavelet in finance, Portfolio management, Computational finance, The harmonic approach, Credit risk, Value at risk, Risk measures, Wavelet in finance Portfolio management Computational finance The harmonic approach Credit risk Value at risk Risk measures |
| Date: | 2024–08–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04713310 |
| By: | Murat Tinic; Zeynep Ö. nder |
| Abstract: | This paper examines whether the bank-affiliated brokerage houses actively use the private information they possess about their affiliated publicly traded real estate investment trusts (REITs) around earnings announcements in Borsa Istanbul (BIST) between 2005 and 2015. The legal framework surrounding Turkish Real Estate Investment Trusts makes it particularly interesting to investigate the secondary market implications of the information asymmetry between majority and minority shareholders within BIST. We propose bank affiliation as a potential mechanism for disseminating private information about the official quarterly earnings announcements for the first time in the literature by assigning exogenous classifications across different investor types at high frequency. Our results indicate a substantial informed trading activity passing through bank-affiliated brokerage houses around earnings announcements, especially with the increase in earnings (when the announcement carries good news). Through intraday panel regressions, we also document that private information attributed to trades submitted through affiliated brokerage houses significantly enhances market quality by increasing future liquidity and reducing future volatility levels, whereas private information percolated through unaffiliated brokerage houses demand liquidity and increases volatility, reducing overall market quality. |
| Keywords: | emerging economies; Housing Supply; Price Elasticity; Undevelopable Land |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2024–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2024-210 |
| By: | Mounia Boucetta |
| Abstract: | Le développement industriel au Maroc a connu globalement une croissance soutenue durant les deux dernières décennies. Des locomotives ont contribué à l’émergence et à la consolidation d’écosystèmes industriels compétitifs et résilients. Leur rôle moteur et catalyseur, appuyé par un ensemble d’initiatives portées par des politiques publiques volontaristes, ont permis de placer le Maroc dans des chaînes de valeur mondiales et dans des secteurs de haute technologie. La prochaine décennie se profile avec plusieurs opportunités associées à de grands défis. Les secteurs de l’énergie verte présentent un grand potentiel de positionnement pour le Maroc à l’échelle du continent et nécessitent la construction d’écosystèmes industriels avec des locomotives à fort impact et à effets multiples, des plateformes technologiques et d’innovation performantes et des politiques publiques bien orientées. |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbecon:pb_35-23 |
| By: | Abdelkhalek Touhami; Dorothee Boccanfuso |
| Abstract: | L'idée d'un effritement de la classe moyenne marocaine est répandue, suggérant un glissement vers une classe aisée toujours plus riche et des classes plus pauvres ce qui sous-entend une augmentation de la polarisation dans la société. Cependant, aucune étude basée sur des données n'a été menée pour confirmer cette perception. Notre étude comble ce vide en analysant l'évolution de la classe moyenne entre 2012 et 2019. En utilisant la définition opérationnelle de Abdelkhalek (2014) de la classe moyenne et les données de l'Enquête Panel de l'ONDH (vagues 2012 et 2019), nous examinons les mesures de la pauvreté, des inégalités et de la polarisation pour tester la véracité de cette perception. Contrairement aux idées reçues, nos résultats indiquent que la classe moyenne n'a pas régressé au niveau national ni selon le milieu de résidence. En réalité, la croissance a été pro-pauvre sur la période. Ceci signifie que les plus pauvres ont bénéficié d'une amélioration relative de leur situation tout comme une grande partie de la classe moyenne. Ces conclusions remettent donc en question la perception d'une classe moyenne en déclin et soulignent l'importance de poursuivre les analyses basées sur des données récentes et probantes pour éclairer les débats sur la structure sociale du Maroc et son évolution. |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbecon:pb_21_24 |
| By: | Henri-Louis Vedie |
| Abstract: | Avec un chiffre d’Affaires en hausse de 50 % par rapport à 2022, l’industrie pharmaceutique au Maroc a connu une année record en 2023. Cette étude est consacrée à l’une des trois composantes de ce secteur :la composante industrielle. Elle regroupe 50 Établissements pharmaceutiques industriels (EPI). (Source : la Direction des médicaments et de la pharmacie (DMP). L’analyse de chacun de ces EPI met en évidence un écosystème, amorcé dès 1933 avec la création de Pharma-Cooper. Écosystème constitué, en 2024, d’EPI, en synergie, dont les effectifs vont de quelques dizaines à plusieurs milliers. Écosystème très ouvert aussi à l’international, où 21 EPI sont des filiales marocaines de multinationales étrangères, leaders mondiaux dans leur domaine. En 2024, cet écosystème est particulièrement dynamique, avec un fort potentiel de développement à partir d’un double moteur de croissance : interne et externe. Pôle d’excellence, spécialisédanslaproductiondegénériquesdemoinsenmoinschers, quigénère deséconomies importantes, indispensables à la préservation des équilibres financiers de l’assurance maladie, mais aussi à l’amélioration de la balance commerciale. Pôle confronté de nos jours à un autre défi mis en évidence par la pandémie de la Covid-19 et les conséquences de la guerre Russo- Ukrainienne : la souveraineté sanitaire. En priorisant l’usage des génériques et en diversifiant son offre, ce pôle est-il prêt à relever le défi de la souveraineté sanitaire du Maroc ? |
| Date: | 2024–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbecon:pb_37-24 |
| By: | Ihsane Ihendyane (FEG-UIT - Laboratoire des Sciences Économiques et Politiques Publiques, Faculté d’Economie et de Gestion, Université Ibn Tofail, Kénitra); Hassan El Aissaoui; Kenza El Kadiri; Adil Mansour |
| Abstract: | الأفضلية الوطنية يستكشف هذا المقال التفاعل بين التعاونيات المغربية وسياسة التفضيل الوطنية في سياق التنمية الصناعية في البلاد. وبالاستناد إلى التحليل النظري والوثائقي، تسلط الدراسة الضوء على كيفية قيام التعاونيات، من خلال الاستفادة من قدرتها على الابتكار والتكيف والتعلم، بدور محوري في تعزيز الصناعة الوطنية. يوضح النهج المتبع كيف تتماشى هذه المنظمات مع أهداف سياسة الأفضلية الوطنية مع تعزيز قدرتها التنافسية ومرونتها. وتؤكد النتائج على أهمية التكيف المستمر مع متطلبات السوق والأولويات الصناعية في المغرب، مع إيلاء اهتمام خاص للأخلاقيات والابتكار. وفي الختام، تؤكد الدراسة على حاجة التعاونيات إلى تعزيز مساهمتها في التنمية الاقتصادية الوطنية من خلال استراتيجيات مصممة خصيصًا لتلبية متطلبات بيئة دائمة التطور. |
| Abstract: | This article explores the interaction between Moroccan cooperatives and the national preference policy within the context of the country's industrial development. Drawing on theoretical and documentary analysis, the study highlights how cooperatives, by leveraging their ability to innovate, adapt, and learn, play a pivotal role in strengthening the national industry. The approach taken demonstrates how these organizations align with the goals of the national preference policy while enhancing their competitiveness and resilience. The findings underscore the importance of continuous adaptation to market demands and industrial priorities in Morocco, with particular attention to ethics and innovation. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the need for cooperatives to strengthen their contribution to national economic development through strategies tailored to the demands of an ever-evolving environment. |
| Abstract: | Cet article explore l'interaction entre les coopératives marocaines et la politique de préférence nationale dans le contexte du développement industriel du pays. En s'appuyant sur une analyse théorique et documentaire, l'étude met en lumière la manière dont les coopératives, en tirant parti de leurs capacités à innover, à s'adapter et à apprendre, jouent un rôle crucial dans le renforcement de l'industrie nationale. L'approche adoptée permet de comprendre comment ces organisations s'alignent sur les objectifs de la politique de préférence nationale tout en renforçant leur compétitivité et leur résilience. Les résultats soulignent l'importance de l'adaptation continue des coopératives aux exigences du marché et aux priorités industrielles du Maroc, avec une attention particulière accordée à l'éthique et à l'innovation. En conclusion, l'étude met en avant la nécessité pour ces structures de consolider leur contribution au développement économique national par des stratégies adaptées aux exigences d'un environnement en constante évolution. |
| Keywords: | Dynamic capabilities, National preference policy, Industrial policy, Cooperatives, Made in Morocco |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04722315 |
| By: | Eduardo A. Haddad; Karim El Aynaoui; Abdelaaziz Ait Ali; Mahmoud Arbouch; Hamza Saoudi |
| Abstract: | يُقدر التأثير الإجمالي للزلزال على النمو بحوالي 0.24-% من الناتج المحلي الإجمالي في عام 2023 . بسبب التركيز المكاني للزلزال، شهد إقليم الحوز جهة مراكش خسائر في الناتج المحلي الإجمالي الإقليمي بنسبة 10.2-% و1.3-% على التوالي . سيكون لبرنامج الاعمار الذي تبلغ قيمته 120 مليار درهم مغربي تأثيرات إيجابية على النمو الاقتصادي الوطني من عام 2023 إلى 2028، لكن حجمها يبقى رهينا بشكل كبير بالقرار المتعلق بحزمة التمويل، سواء كان من خلال أموال جديدة (دين) أو إعادة تخصيص الاستثمارات من المناطق غير المتضررة إلى المناطق المتضررة . ومع ذلك، فإن منطقة الأطلس الكبير تبقى مستفيدة وبشكل لافت من هذا البرنامج كيفما كانت طريقة تمويله . |
| Date: | 2024–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbecon:pb_33_24 |
| By: | Aziz Ajbilou Karim El Aynaoui |
| Abstract: | اعتمادا على مختلف البيانات المتوفرة لدى المندوبية السامية للتخطيط ووزارة الصحة والمرصد الوطني للتنمية البشرية، يهدف هذا القال إلى دراسة مراحل تطور الخصوبة في المغرب. وعليه فمن خلال دراسة هذه البيانات يتضح أن الخصوبة سجلت منذ سنة 2010 نوعا من الاستقرار أوبالأحرى ارتفاعا طفيفا وخاصة بالمناطق الحضرية، حيث ارتفع معدل الخصوبة من 1.8 طفل لكل امرأة سنة 2010 إلى 2.2 طفل لكل امرأة سنة 2019. وعلى العكس من ذلك، استمر معدل الخصوبة في الانخفاض في المناطق القروية إلى غاية سنة 2014، ليصل إلى 2.5 طفل لكل امرأة، ثم ليسجل بدوره ارتفعا قليلا بعد ذلك ليصل إلى 2.7 طفل لكل امرأة سنة 2019 |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbecon:pb%20 |