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on MENA - Middle East and North Africa |
| By: | Ibtissam El Akrany (Laboratory of Modeling Applied to Economics and Management (MAEGE) - (FSJESAS) HASSAN II University - Casablanca Ain Sebaâ Faculty of Legal, Economic and Social Sciences -(FSJESAS) HASSAN II University, Casablanca, Maroc, FSJES AIN SEBAA, Hassan II University –Casablanca); Asmaa Mesrar (Laboratory of Modeling Applied to Economics and Management (MAEGE) - (FSJESAS) HASSAN II University - Casablanca Ain Sebaâ Faculty of Legal, Economic and Social Sciences -(FSJESAS) HASSAN II University, Casablanca, Maroc, FSJES AIN SEBAA, Hassan II University –Casablanca); Wijdane Chfira (Laboratory of Modeling Applied to Economics and Management (MAEGE) - (FSJESAS) HASSAN II University - Casablanca Ain Sebaâ Faculty of Legal, Economic and Social Sciences -(FSJESAS) HASSAN II University, Casablanca, Maroc, FSJES AIN SEBAA, Hassan II University –Casablanca); Omar Tazmaite (UH2C FSJESAS LARNED - UNIVERSITE HASSAN II CASABLANCA); Amine Dafir (UH2C FSJESAS LARNED - UNIVERSITE HASSAN II CASABLANCA); Fatima Zahra Dahmani (Faculté des Sciences [Kenitra] - UIT - Université Ibn Tofaïl) |
| Abstract: | The reform of the Moroccan health system introduced by Framework Law No. 06-22 established Territorial Health Groups (GST) to address the structural limitations of the previous model namely institutional fragmentation, territorial inequalities, weak coordination across levels of care, and underdeveloped information systems. This study examines the case of the Tangier–Tetouan–Al Hoceima GST, a pilot region characterized by pronounced socio-geographical heterogeneity and persistent deficits in specialized human resources, physical accessibility to care, and hospital infrastructure. The methodology is based on an in-depth qualitative documentary analysis of 43 sources, including legislative texts, the organizational decree, national institutional reports (Health Plan 2025, National Health Accounts, Health in Figures), international publications (WHO, World Bank, AfDB), and internal documentation from the TTA GST. A thematic coding procedure was used to identify organizational mechanisms, observed benefits, and constraints. The results reveal progress in functional structuring, clarification of institutional responsibilities, and multi-level coordination, while also underscoring significant limitations: organizational complexity, insufficient managerial capabilities, and limited interoperability of information systems. These findings lead to three strategic areas for improvement: managerial strengthening, digital transformation, and participatory governance. |
| Abstract: | La réforme du système de santé marocain portée par la loi-cadre n° 06-22 a instauré les Groupements Sanitaires Territoriaux (GST) pour répondre aux limites structurelles du modèle précédent : fragmentation institutionnelle, inégalités territoriales, déficit de coordination entre niveaux de soins et faiblesse des systèmes d'information. Cette étude examine le cas du GST Tanger–Tétouan–Al Hoceima, région pilote caractérisée par une forte hétérogénéité socio-géographique et par des déficits persistants en ressources humaines spécialisées, en accessibilité physique aux soins et en infrastructures hospitalières. La méthodologie repose sur une analyse documentaire qualitative approfondie portant sur 43 sources : textes législatifs, décret constitutif, rapports institutionnels nationaux (Plan Santé 2025, Comptes Nationaux de la Santé, Santé en chiffres), publications internationales (OMS, Banque mondiale, BAD) et documents internes du GST TTA. Un codage thématique a permis d'identifier les mécanismes organisationnels, les bénéfices observés et les contraintes. Les résultats montrent des avancées en matière de structuration fonctionnelle, de clarification des responsabilités et de coordination multi-niveaux, mais également des limites importantes : complexité organisationnelle, compétences managériales insuffisantes, faible interopérabilité des systèmes d'information. Ces constats débouchent sur trois axes d'amélioration : renforcement managérial, transformation numérique et gouvernance participative. |
| Keywords: | Territorial governance, Morocco, Integrated care, Public management, Health system reform, Territorial Health Groups (THG), Groupements Sanitaires Territoriaux (GST), Gouvernance territoriale, Tanger-Tétouan-Al Hoceïma, Soins intégrés, Management public, Réforme du système de santé |
| Date: | 2026–02–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05525588 |
| By: | François Aventur; Saad-Ellah Berhili; Amine Chamkhi (France Travail (French Employment Agency)) |
| Abstract: | The use of the survey among a representative sample of companies in the Moroccan formal sector makes it possible to draw a broad overview of the diversity of employment structures and methods of managing recruitment and exits from companies. It demonstrates in particular differentiated practices with regard to the degree of formalization of employment depending on the sector of activity, the size of the companies and the qualification of the jobs. This leads to the development of a typology of companies with regard to the quality of jobs and their methods of workforce management. |
| Abstract: | L'exploitation de l'enquête auprès d'un échantillon représentatif des entreprises du secteur formel marocain permet de dessiner un large panorama de la diversité des structures de l'emploi et des modes de gestion des recrutements comme des sorties des entreprises. Il témoigne notamment de pratiques différenciées au regard du degré de formalisation de l'emploi selon le secteur d'activité, la taille des entreprises et la qualification des emplois. Cela conduit à l'élaboration d'une typologie d'entreprises au regard de la qualité des emplois et de leurs modes de gestion de la main d'œuvre. |
| Keywords: | form of employment, Morocco, HR management practice, company, private sector, quality, employment, secteur privé, qualité, pratique de GRH, Maroc, forme d’emploi, entreprise, emploi |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05530086 |
| By: | François Aventur; Saad-Ellah Berhili; Amine Chamkhi (France Travail (French Employment Agency)) |
| Abstract: | Based on the use of the survey with a representative sample of companies in the Moroccan formal sector, the technical or behavioural skills sought by employers during recruitment and the place they give to the possession of diplomas and degrees are highlighted. Significant differences emerge depending in particular on the level of qualification of the jobs targeted and according to the families of professions considered. |
| Abstract: | A partir de l'exploitation de l'enquête panel ONMT-CIDE 2022 auprès d'un échantillon représentatif des entreprises du secteur formel marocain, sont mises en évidence les compétences techniques ou comportementales recherchées par les employeurs lors des recrutements et la place qu'ils accordent à la détention d'un diplôme. Des différenciations importantes se font jour selon notamment le niveau de qualification des emplois visés et selon les familles de métiers considérés. |
| Keywords: | certification, Morocco, relationship skills, professional knowledge, hiring criteria, recruitment, savoir professionnel, recrutement, Maroc, critère d’embauche, compétence relationnelle |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05530087 |
| By: | Yasser Sedqui (UAE - Abdelmalek Essaadi University [Tétouan] = Université Abdelmalek Essaadi [Tétouan]); Bouyarden Mohamed (UAE - Abdelmalek Essaadi University [Tétouan] = Université Abdelmalek Essaadi [Tétouan]); Bakala Halima (UAE - Abdelmalek Essaadi University [Tétouan] = Université Abdelmalek Essaadi [Tétouan]) |
| Abstract: | In a context marked by the intensification of global economic and human flows, the interaction between migration and foreign direct investment (FDI) has attracted growing attention in economic research. Morocco, as a key actor on the African continent, stands out for its dual dynamic: its central role in migration issues and the expansion of its foreign direct investments in Sub-Saharan Africa. The originality of this study lies in the analysis of the link between the migratory flows of Moroccans residing abroad (MREs) and Moroccan FDI directed toward 18 Sub-Saharan African countries over the period 2018–2023.The main research question is to determine the extent to which migratory networks contribute to stimulating Moroccan investment abroad, taking into account geographical distance and the level of economic development of partner countries. Methodologically, a panel data model was estimated using the random effects approach to identify the significant determinants of Moroccan FDI flows.Empirical results confirm the catalytic role of migration flows in facilitating investment, suggesting that the Moroccan diaspora acts as a vector of trust, market knowledge, and reduction of information asymmetries. Geographical distance and the host country's GDP also emerge as key explanatory variables.These findings highlight the strategic importance of Moroccan migrant networks as a lever for enhancing the attractiveness and security of investments in Sub-Saharan Africa, underscoring the need to further integrate the migratory dimension into foreign direct investment (FDI) internationalization policies and South–South economic cooperation strategies. |
| Abstract: | Résumé Dans un contexte marqué par l'intensification des flux économiques et humains à l'échelle mondiale, la question des interactions entre migration et investissement étranger direct (IED) suscite un intérêt croissant dans la littérature économique. Le Maroc, en tant qu'acteur majeur sur le continent africain, se distingue par sa double dynamique : d'une part, son rôle central dans les questions migratoires, et d'autre part, l'essor de ses investissements directs en Afrique subsaharienne. L'originalité de cette étude réside dans l'analyse du lien entre les flux migratoires des Marocains résidant à l'étranger (MRE) et les IED marocains à destination de 18 pays d'Afrique subsaharienne sur la période 2018-2023. La problématique principale consiste à déterminer dans quelle mesure les réseaux migratoires contribuent à stimuler les investissements marocains à l'étranger, en tenant compte de la distance géographique, du niveau de développement économique des pays partenaires et des liens institutionnels. Sur le plan méthodologique, nous avons adopté une approche économétrique en données de panel, estimée selon la méthode des effets aléatoires, afin d'identifier les déterminants significatifs des flux d'IED marocains. Les résultats empiriques confirment le rôle catalyseur des flux migratoires dans la facilitation des investissements, suggérant que la diaspora marocaine constitue un vecteur de confiance, de connaissance du marché et de réduction des asymétries d'information. La distance géographique et le PIB des pays d'accueil apparaissent également comme des variables explicatives majeures. Ces résultats mettent en évidence l'importance stratégique des réseaux migratoires marocains comme levier d'attractivité et de sécurisation des investissements en Afrique subsaharienne, soulignant la nécessité d'intégrer la dimension migratoire dans les politiques d'internationalisation des IDE et les stratégies de coopération économique Sud-Sud. Mots clés : Investissements directs étrangers, Marocains résidant à l'étranger, Réseaux migratoires, Afrique subsaharienne, Migration Sud-Sud Abstract In a context marked by the intensification of global economic and human flows, the interaction between migration and foreign direct investment (FDI) has attracted growing attention in economic research. Morocco, as a key actor on the African continent, stands out for its dual dynamic: its central role in migration issues and the expansion of its foreign direct investments in Sub-Saharan Africa. The originality of this study lies in the analysis of the link between the migratory flows of Moroccans residing abroad (MREs) and Moroccan FDI directed toward 18 Sub-Saharan African countries over the period 2018–2023. The main research question is to determine the extent to which migratory networks contribute to stimulating Moroccan investment abroad, taking into account geographical distance and the level of economic development of partner countries. Methodologically, a panel data model was estimated using the random effects approach to identify the significant determinants of Moroccan FDI flows. Empirical results confirm the catalytic role of migration flows in facilitating investment, suggesting that the Moroccan diaspora acts as a vector of trust, market knowledge, and reduction of information asymmetries. Geographical distance and the host country's GDP also emerge as key explanatory variables. These findings highlight the strategic importance of Moroccan migrant networks as a lever for enhancing the attractiveness and security of investments in Sub-Saharan Africa, underscoring the need to further integrate the migratory dimension into foreign direct investment (FDI) internationalization policies and South–South economic cooperation strategies. Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment – Moroccans Residing Abroad – South–South Migration – Migratory Networks – Sub-Saharan Africa |
| Keywords: | Foreign Direct Investment -Moroccans Residing Abroad -South-South Migration -Migratory Networks -Sub-Saharan Africa, Marocains résidant à l’étranger, Réseaux migratoires, Afrique subsaharienne, Migration Sud-Sud, Investissements directs étrangers |
| Date: | 2026–01–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05478864 |
| By: | Cheikh Hassanna Cheikh Maoulainine (UM5 - Université Mohammed V de Rabat [Agdal]); Jalila AIT SOUDANE (UM5 - Université Mohammed V de Rabat [Agdal]) |
| Abstract: | Family-run hotels are a cornerstone of tourism in southern Morocco, yet long-term viability increasingly depends on sustainable and professionalized management practices. This study examines how intergenerational succession and managerial routines shape performance and guest satisfaction. A sequential mixed-methods design was adopted. Four semi-structured interviews with family-hotel managers and a tourism-sector official were thematically coded to identify governance, succession, and service-quality dimensions. These insights guided the analysis of 352 online guest reviews from major booking platforms, combining lexical frequency measures and sentiment analysis. Findings suggest that succession planning, more structured pricing and performance steering, and digital guest relations are associated with more favorable evaluations and greater service consistency, while weak knowledge codification and pronounced seasonality hinder competitiveness. The study recommends mentored succession, targeted steering skills, and the adoption of sustainability-oriented digital tools. |
| Abstract: | Les hôtels familiaux constituent un pilier du tourisme dans le Sud marocain, mais leur pérennité dépend de plus en plus de pratiques de gestion durables et professionnalisées. Cette étude analyse la manière dont la succession intergénérationnelle et les routines managériales influencent la performance et la satisfaction client. Une approche mixte séquentielle a été mobilisée. Quatre entretiens semi-directifs menés auprès de dirigeants d'hôtels familiaux et d'un cadre du secteur touristique ont fait l'objet d'un codage thématique afin d'identifier les dimensions de gouvernance, de succession et de qualité de service. Ces résultats ont orienté l'analyse de 352 avis clients publiés sur des plateformes de réservation, combinant mesures de fréquence lexicale et analyse de sentiment. Les résultats suggèrent que la planification de la relève, la structuration du pilotage tarifaire et l'intégration d'outils numériques pour la relation client s'associent à des évaluations plus favorables et à une meilleure cohérence du service, tandis qu'une faible codification des savoirs et une saisonnalité marquée pèsent sur la compétitivité. L'étude recommande un accompagnement mentoré de la succession, un renforcement ciblé des compétences de pilotage et l'adoption d'outils numériques orientés durabilité. |
| Keywords: | sustainable management, family-owned hotels, customer satisfaction, Morocco, intergenerational transmission, satisfaction client, Maroc, RevPAR, gestion durable, succession intergénérationnelle, hôtels familiaux |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05474921 |
| By: | May Gadalla (Cairo University and ERF); Nesma Amer (Economic Research Forum); Sara Ragab (University of Minnesota); Dalia Hany (Economic Research Forum) |
| Abstract: | Years of internal conflict, political instability, and inflation had already battered Sudan's economy before the recent civil war erupted in April 2023. Against this backdrop, this paper investigates income, including wage levels and inequality, in the country in 2022. We examine how households diversify their income sources as a way to build resilience, and we also explore the extent of this diversification and the contribution of each income source to overall household income. The analysis covers income and wage distributions, income diversification, and inequality in Sudan by exploring characteristics such as the household head’s sex, sector of employment, education level, and location. Additionally, the paper identifies the main sources of income for households in different regions and by households’ characteristics, and assesses how these sources contribute to income inequality. Finally, we analyze wages in both the public and private sectors, and examine the gender wage gap between and within these sectors. |
| Date: | 2026–03–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:erg:wpaper:1824 |
| By: | Khaoula Hadri (UMI - جامعة مولاي إسماعيل = Université Moulay Ismaïl); Abdlelali Lahrech (UMI - جامعة مولاي إسماعيل = Université Moulay Ismaïl) |
| Abstract: | Customs reforms play an important role in the organization and facilitation of international trade, in order to update and improve customs procedures, while strengthening protection and encouraging overall commercial growth, by harmonizing customs revenues and compliance with international standards. The objective of this article is to analyze the contribution of customs reforms implemented by the Customs and Indirect Tax Administration (ADII) to the competitiveness of automotive exporting companies, thru the case of the YAZAKI company in Morocco. This research is based on a quantitative approach using a questionnaire administered to 150 employes and executives of the company YAZAKI via Google Forms. The results reveal that customs reforms have led to a notable reduction in processing times and an improvement in the fluidity of export operations. This study highlights the importance of continuous adaptation of exporting companies to customs reforms in order to enhance their efficiency and competitiveness in a constantly evolving international context. According to the results obtained, we formulate operational recommendations aimed at supporting companies in adapting to the ongoing customs reforms, while contributing to the improvement of their efficiency and the sustainability of their international activities. This research also highlights the importance of customs reforms as a strategic lever in the face of the international challenges of international commercial transactions. Keywords: ADII (Customs Administration and Indirect Taxes), customs reforms, competitiveness of enterprises, YAZAKI. |
| Abstract: | Résumé Les réformes douanières jouent un rôle essentiel dans l'organisation et la facilitation des échanges commerciaux internationaux. Elles visent à moderniser et à améliorer les procédures douanières, tout en renforçant la protection, en encourageant la croissance du commerce international et en assurant l'harmonisation des recettes douanières dans le respect des normes internationales. L'objectif de cet article est d'analyser la contribution des réformes douanières mises en place par l'Administration des Douanes et Impôts Indirects (ADII) à la compétitivité des entreprises exportatrices du secteur automobile, à travers le cas de l'entreprise YAZAKI au Maroc. Cette recherche repose sur une approche quantitative basée sur un questionnaire administré à 150 employés et cadres de l'entreprise YAZAKI via Google Forms. Les résultats révèlent que les réformes douanières ont permis une réduction significative des délais ainsi qu'une amélioration de la fluidité des opérations d'exportation. Cette étude met en évidence l'importance de l'adaptation continue des entreprises exportatrices aux réformes douanières afin de renforcer leur efficacité et leur compétitivité dans un contexte international en constante évolution. D'après les résultats obtenus, nous formulons des recommandations opérationnelles visant à accompagner les entreprises dans leur adaptation aux réformes douanières en cours, tout en contribuant à l'amélioration de leur efficacité et à la pérennité de leurs activités à l'international. Cette recherche souligne également l'importance des réformes douanières en tant que levier stratégique face aux enjeux des transactions commerciales internationales. Mots clés : ADII (Administration Douanière et Impôts Indirects), réformes douanières, compétitivité́ des entreprises, YAZAKI. Abstract Customs reforms play an important role in the organization and facilitation of international trade, in order to update and improve customs procedures, while strengthening protection and encouraging overall commercial growth, by harmonizing customs revenues and compliance with international standards. The objective of this article is to analyze the contribution of customs reforms implemented by the Customs and Indirect Tax Administration (ADII) to the competitiveness of automotive exporting companies, thru the case of the YAZAKI company in Morocco. This research is based on a quantitative approach using a questionnaire administered to 150 employes and executives of the company YAZAKI via Google Forms. The results reveal that customs reforms have led to a notable reduction in processing times and an improvement in the fluidity of export operations. This study highlights the importance of continuous adaptation of exporting companies to customs reforms in order to enhance their efficiency and competitiveness in a constantly evolving international context. According to the results obtained, we formulate operational recommendations aimed at supporting companies in adapting to the ongoing customs reforms, while contributing to the improvement of their efficiency and the sustainability of their international activities. This research also highlights the importance of customs reforms as a strategic lever in the face of the international challenges of international commercial transactions. Keywords: ADII (Customs Administration and Indirect Taxes), customs reforms, competitiveness of enterprises, YAZAKI. |
| Keywords: | customs reforms, O24 Paper type : Empirical Research, competitiveness of enterprises, O24 Type du papier : Recherche Empirique ADII (Customs Administration and Indirect Taxes), L62, H21, F14, YAZAKI. JEL Classification : F13, compétitivité des entreprises, réformes douanières, ADII (Administration Douanière et Impôts Indirects), ADII (Administration Douanière et Impôts Indirects) réformes douanières compétitivité́ des entreprises YAZAKI. JEL Classification : F13 F14 H21 L62 O24 Type du papier : Recherche Empirique ADII (Customs Administration and Indirect Taxes) customs reforms competitiveness of enterprises YAZAKI. JEL Classification : F13 F14 H21 L62 O24 Paper type : Empirical Research |
| Date: | 2026–01–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05464261 |
| By: | Aksoy, Hürcan Aslı |
| Abstract: | Seit dem 7. Oktober 2023 haben sich die Beziehungen zwischen der Türkei und Israel von einer konflikthaften Partnerschaft zu einer Rivalität entwickelt. Getrieben wird diese Dynamik von regionalen Machtverschiebungen, innenpolitischen Eskalationslogiken und divergierenden Ordnungsvorstellungen - besonders sichtbar im Hinblick auf Syrien, das östliche Mittelmeer und zunehmend auch das Horn von Afrika. Zwar vermeiden beide Staaten bislang eine direkte militärische Konfrontation, doch die wachsende Überschneidung ihrer Einflusszonen erhöht das Risiko einer nicht intendierten Eskalation. Denn die bestehenden diplomatischen, wirtschaftlichen und sicherheitspolitischen Kommunikationskanäle sind fragil und entfalten nur in begrenztem Maße stabilisierende Wirkung. Für Deutschland und die Europäische Union ergibt sich daraus die Aufgabe, gegenüber beiden Seiten auf Deeskalation hinzuwirken und diese als Voraussetzung für mögliche Kooperationsansätze zu definieren. |
| Keywords: | Palästina-Frage, Mavi Marmara, Abraham-Abkommen, Griechenland, Zypern, Syrien, Iran, Jemen, Somalia, Somaliland, Bab al-Mandab, Hisbollah, Hamas, Huthi, Syrian Democratic Forces, SDF, Volksverteidigungseinheiten, YPG, Eastern Mediterranean Gas Forum, Recep Tayyip Erdoægan, Hakan Fidan, Benjamin Netanyahu, Gideon Sa'ar, Ahmed al-Sharaa |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpakt:338240 |
| By: | Hashad, Reem; Jovanovic, Nina; Karachiwalla, Naureen; Kurdi, Sikandra |
| Abstract: | Global food price increases and widespread inflationary shocks negatively affect poor households’ diets, particularly those of women who are more likely to be food insecure compared to men. This study evaluates the relationship between changes in food prices triggered by the Russia-Ukraine war in February 2022 and poor mothers’ diets in Egypt, a country that heavily relies on imports of staple foods and is highly vulnerable to increases in international food prices. We combine food group specific governorate-level consumer price index (CPI) data with data on diets of 2, 868 poor mothers in Egypt collected before and after the onset of the war. Additionally, we examine the potential protective effect of Egypt’s large-scale food subsidy program, Tamween, whereby specific foods are sold at subsidized prices at specific retailers. Using two-way fixed effects models, we find that changes in food prices are significantly associated with changes in the composition of mothers’ diets. Mothers were less likely to consume dairy and fish and more likely to consume pulses and sweetened beverages after the war began. Poor mothers decreased consumption of unsubsidized foods, suggesting a protective role of the Egyptian food subsidy program. This paper also provides suggestive evidence that poor mothers from households engaged in agricultural production could be slightly less responsive to changes in food prices compared to mothers from households that do not engage in agricultural production. |
| Keywords: | inflation; diet; gender; poverty; mothers; dietary diversity; price volatility; Egypt; Africa; Northern Africa; Middle East |
| Date: | 2025–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:gsspwp:179553 |
| By: | Nigus, Halefom Yigzaw; Abushama, Hala; Rakhy, Tarig; Mohamed, Shima; Siddig, Khalid; Kirui, Oliver K. |
| Abstract: | This report presents evidence from the Sudan Rural Household Survey of 2023 and 2024, a two-wave panel survey that assesses how rural households are navigating prolonged conflict. By tracking the same households over time, the survey provides longitudinal insights into livelihoods, food security, access to markets and productive resources, and exposure to shocks across an insecure and rapidly evolving context. The findings from the survey data analysis point to an uneven pattern of economic adjustment by households rather than sustained recovery. Rural households are actively adapting through changes in livelihood strategies, income diversification, and increased participation of household members in income-generating activities. Compared to 2023, fewer households reported in 2024 having no employment. Engagement in salaried work and agriculture also rose. Despite these shifts, income losses remain widespread. Only a small share of households reported improved earnings in 2024, indicating that adaptation is largely driven by necessity rather than durable recovery. Food consumption outcomes improved markedly between survey waves, with substantial declines in the share of households in 2024 reporting poor or borderline diets. At the same time, experience-based measures show that food insecurity remains pervasive, with more than half of rural households facing moderate or severe food insecurity. There has been little change in the prevalence of severe food insecurity. The continuing food insecurity challenges underscore the fragility of recent gains and the continued vulnerability of many households. |
| Keywords: | food security; conflicts; livelihoods; households; surveys; Sudan; Africa; Northern Africa |
| Date: | 2025–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:resain:179368 |
| By: | Hashad, Reem; Jovanovic, Nina; Karachiwalla, Naureen; Kurdi, Sikandra |
| Abstract: | Global food price increases and widespread inflationary shocks negatively affect poor households’ diets, particularly those of women who are more likely to be food insecure compared to men. This study evaluates the relationship between changes in food prices triggered by the Russia-Ukraine war in February 2022 and poor mothers’ diets in Egypt, a country that heavily relies on imports of staple foods and is highly vulnerable to increases in international food prices. We combine food group specific governorate-level consumer price index (CPI) data with data on diets of 2, 868 poor mothers in Egypt collected before and after the onset of the war. Additionally, we examine the potential protective effect of Egypt’s large-scale food subsidy program, Tamween, whereby specific foods are sold at subsidized prices at specific retailers. Using two-way fixed effects models, we find that changes in food prices are significantly associated with changes in the composition of mothers’ diets. Mothers were less likely to consume dairy and fish and more likely to consume pulses and sweetened beverages after the war began. Poor mothers decreased consumption of unsubsidized foods, suggesting a protective role of the Egyptian food subsidy program. This paper also provides suggestive evidence that poor mothers from households engaged in agricultural production could be slightly less responsive to changes in food prices compared to mothers from households that do not engage in agricultural production. |
| Keywords: | inflation; diet; gender; poverty; mothers; dietary diversity; price volatility; Egypt; Northern Africa |
| Date: | 2025–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:179553 |
| By: | Abushama, Hala; Nigus, Halefom Yigzaw; Abay, Kibrom A.; Siddig, Khalid |
| Abstract: | Understanding the preferences of beneficiaries for what form of humanitarian aid they receive is critical for improving the effectiveness of such aid in conflict-affected settings that are characterized by rapidly changing markets and information asymmetries. This paper examines intrahousehold differences in preferences for in-kind, cash, and hybrid assistance among internally displaced households in Sudan, with particular attention to gender, decision-making power, and agency differences. While cash remains the most preferred modality, about half of the respondents reported favoring in-kind or hybrid assistance options. On average, women report a 7-percentage point higher preference for in-kind transfers than men, but with some variation across states. Preferences are strongly shaped by intrahousehold decision-making—spouses, particularly women, who control decisions over the use of aid are more likely to prefer cash, while those with less agency in such decisions favor in-kind assistance. We also find suggestive evidence that limited market access and self-control constraints are associated with a higher preference for in-kind transfers. These findings highlight the importance of agency and intrahousehold dynamics in shaping aid modality preferences and offer practical insights for designing more equitable humanitarian and social protection interventions in contexts with significant population displacement. |
| Keywords: | capacity building; intrahousehold relations; humanitarian organizations; aid programmes; internally displaced persons; gender; gender-responsive approaches; Sudan; Africa; Northern Africa |
| Date: | 2025–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:resain:179715 |
| By: | Alban Thomas (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Abstract: | This chapter presents an analysis of the potential contribution of urban (UA) and peri-urban (PUA) agricultural systems to food and nutritional security in Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) countries. In the light of the limited data and scientific evidence regarding PU and PUA in these countries, we provide additional evidence regarding the structure of UA and PUA that may be in favour of food and nutritional security in the MENA region. We use three different sources of information: a foresight study on future food systems in the MENA region in 2050, a brief literature review on UA and PUA systems, and an empirical analysis based on global data for MENA countries. We find evidence that the proportion of agriculture in peri-urban areas contributes positively to the city's capacity to feed its population, but we do not see any size effect of peri-urban area (or its density), indicating that it may be more an intensive margin impact at play. We also find a positive and significant correlation between the share of PUA in total peri-urban area and available food per head, as well as (although less significant) with food diversity. We also find a higher elasticity of animal-sourced protein contents of diet to GDP per capita in MENA countries on average, compared with protein contents and available food per head, reflecting larger income elasticity for animal products on average. |
| Keywords: | Agriculture, Food security, MENA, Peri-Urban |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05529852 |
| By: | Hiba Semmar (ENCGT - Ecole Nationale de Commerce et de Gestion de Tanger - UAE - Abdelmalek Essaadi University [Tétouan] = Université Abdelmalek Essaadi [Tétouan]) |
| Abstract: | This article examines the influence of dynamic capabilities on customer responsiveness and logistics performance among logistics service providers (LSPs) operating in the Tangier–Tetouan–Al Hoceima (TTAH) region. The objective is to analyze the role of these capabilities in enhancing LSPs' responsiveness to market requirements and in strengthening their logistics performance. From a methodological perspective, the study adopts a qualitative approach based on semi-structured interviews conducted with fifteen logistics service providers established in the TTAH region. The collected data were subjected to thematic analysis using NVivo 14 software, enabling the identification of the main dimensions of dynamic capabilities and their impact on customer responsiveness and logistics performance. The findings highlight that the development of dynamic capabilities represents a major strategic lever for improving LSPs' responsiveness and optimizing their logistics performance. The study also emphasizes the importance of organizational learning, adaptation to market changes, and inter-organizational collaboration in achieving sustainable performance improvements among logistics service providers. |
| Abstract: | Cet article examine l'influence des capabilités dynamiques sur la réponse au client et la performance logistiquedes prestataires de services logistiques (PSL) opérant dans la région Tanger–Tétouan–Al Hoceïma (TTAH).L'objectif est d'analyser le rôle de ces capabilités dans l'amélioration de la réactivité des PSL face aux exigencesdu marché et dans le renforcement de leur performance logistique. Sur le plan méthodologique, l'étude adopte une approche qualitative fondée sur la réalisation d'entretiens semi-directifs auprès de quinze prestataires de services logistiques implantés dans la région TTAH. Les données recueillies ont fait l'objet d'une analyse thématique à l'aide du logiciel NVivo 14, permettant d'identifier lesprincipales dimensions des capabilités dynamiques et leur impact sur la réponse au client et la performancelogistique.Les résultats mettent en évidence que le développement des capabilités dynamiques constitue un levier stratégiquemajeur pour améliorer la réactivité des PSL et optimiser leur performance logistique. L'étude souligne égalementl'importance de l'apprentissage organisationnel, de l'adaptation aux changements du marché et de la collaborationinter-organisationnelle dans l'amélioration durable de la performance des prestataires de services logistiques. |
| Keywords: | Prestataire de Services Logistiques, Performance Logistique, Capabilités Dynamiques. JEL Classification : O1 Type du papier : Recherche empirique Logistics Service Provider, Logistics Performance, Dynamic Capabilities. Classification JEL : O1 Paper type: Empirical Research, Prestataire de Services Logistiques Performance Logistique Capabilités Dynamiques. JEL Classification : O1 Type du papier : Recherche empirique Logistics Service Provider Logistics Performance Dynamic Capabilities. Classification JEL : O1 Paper type: Empirical Research |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05475863 |
| By: | Lopez-Acevedo, Gladys; Robertson, Raymond; Tariq, Adeel |
| Abstract: | Technological change has historically widened or preserved gender gaps in labor market outcomes in favor of men. The World Bank’s Digital Transformation and Its Role in Expanding Women’s Economic Opportunities in Iraq, Jordan, and Lebanon provided a comprehensive diagnostic of the digital landscape facing women in the Mashreq. The study documented large gender gaps in access, skills, and use; identified infrastructure, regulatory, and social constraints; and outlined policy priorities to make digitalization more inclusive. This paper builds directly on that foundation by developing a formal framework that treats digital technology as potentially gender-biased technical change, and by empirically testing whether digital adoption is differentially associated with women’s labor market outcomes. Using latent indexes of digital skills and digital use constructed from the flagship survey data, the paper shows that digital technology is more strongly associated with women’s labor force participation, sector-specific earnings, and key mediating factors—such as productive internet use, online safety behavior, and the easing of care-related constraints—than with corresponding outcomes for men. By linking these patterns to a dual-economy perspective on structural transformation, the paper reframes digitalization not merely as a tool for inclusion, but as a mechanism that may shift both labor demand and labor supply in ways that favor women in low-participation settings such as the Mashreq. |
| Date: | 2026–03–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:11332 |
| By: | De Lucio, Juan (Universidad de Alcalá. Pza. San Diego, s/n, 28801, Alcalá de Henares (Spain)); Mínguez, Raúl (Cámara de Comercio de España and Universidad Antonio de Nebrija. Calle de Santa Cruz de Marcenado, 27, 28015, Madrid (Spain)); Minondo, Asier (Corresponding author. Deusto Business School, University of Deusto, Camino de Mundaiz 50, 20012 Donostia – San Sebastián (Spain)); Requena, Francisco (Departamento de Economía Aplicada II, Universitat de València, Avda. dels Tarongers s/n, 46022 Valencia (Spain)) |
| Abstract: | Between June 2022 and October 2024, Algeria imposed a politically motivated embargo on imports from Spain. Because neither the imposition of the embargo nor its lifting was anticipated by Spanish firms, this episode provides a quasi-natural experiment to estimate the causal effect of a sudden market shutdown on subsequent export behavior. We interpret this causal effect as evidence on export hysteresis, i.e., the degree to which exporting fails to resume because of market-specific frictions. We show that the embargo reduced the post-embargo probability of exporting to Algeria by 34%. However, this negative effect is smaller than the impact of an observationally equivalent situation in which a firm simply does not export to a market for two and a half years in the absence of an embargo. This finding suggests that studies relying on non-experimental variation may overstate the effect of export hysteresis on the probability of exporting. We also show that the embargo’s negative effects continued even one year after it was lifted. Finally, we find that the largest decrease in the probability of exporting occurred in firms with a large pre-embargo market share and long export experience in Algeria. |
| Keywords: | export hysteresis, embargo, sunk entry costs in exporting, customer accumulation frictions, market experience, Spain, Algeria |
| JEL: | F10 F14 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eec:wpaper:2603 |
| By: | Jovanovic, Nina; Darwish, Maram; Kurdi, Sikandra; Yamauchi, Futoshi |
| Abstract: | Groundwater irrigation supports agricultural production and local food security in arid regions, however costs and accessibility of fuel for pumping are a challenge in conflict-affected contexts. Solar-powered drip irrigation technology can support smallholder farmers in such settings. In this study we estimated the impacts of subsidized solar-powered drip irrigation systems on smallholder farmers’ production decisions and household food security via a clustered randomized control trial in eastern Yemen. We found that farmers in the treatment group were significantly less likely to cultivate cereals, more likely to cultivate horticultural crops, and more likely to sell a higher share of their harvests at market during the first season post‑intervention. These results provide causal evidence on the impact of solar drip irrigation systems on shifting smallholder farmers’ crop production toward higher-value crops. We did not find significant impacts on household food security within the short-term post-intervention period that the analysis covered. These findings also provide preliminary support for investments in solar and drip irrigation technology in Yemen, while acknowledging that more research is needed to address potential negative externalities. |
| Keywords: | impact assessment; irrigation; solar powered irrigation systems; trickle irrigation; groundwater irrigation; smallholders; irrigation systems; Yemen; Middle East |
| Date: | 2025–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:menawp:179397 |
| By: | Jovanovic, Nina; Darwish, Maram; Kurdi, Sikandra; Yamauchi, Futoshi |
| Abstract: | This policy note summarizes findings from a clustered randomized controlled trial (RCT) conducted in eastern Yemen to assess the impacts of subsidized solar powered drip irrigation systems on smallholder farmers’ production decisions and household food security. The study provides causal evidence on how subsidizing solar drip irrigation for smallholders affects crop choice, market engagement, and welfare outcomes in a fragile, water-scarce context. The intervention led to a significant shift in cropping patterns, with treated farmers becoming less likely to cultivate cereals and more likely to grow higher-value horticultural crops. Treated households also sold a greater share of their harvest in markets during the first season following installation, suggesting increased commercialization. However, the study did not detect significant short-term impacts on household food security, indicating that production changes did not immediately translate into improved consumption outcomes. |
| Keywords: | climate change adaptation; solar energy; irrigation; evaluation; solar powered irrigation systems; trickle irrigation; groundwater irrigation; irrigation systems; Yemen; Western Asia; Middle East |
| Date: | 2025–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:masprn:179369 |
| By: | Aydın, Yaşar |
| Abstract: | Dreißig Jahre nach Gründung der Zollunion mit der Europäischen Union (EU) sieht Ankara durch die Freihandelsabkommen der EU mit Drittstaaten, zuletzt mit Indien, wachsende wirtschaftliche Risiken. Während die Verhandlungen zum EU-Indien-Freihandelsabkommen Ende Januar abgeschlossen wurden und nun ebenfalls die Sicherheitskooperation zwischen der EU und Indien ausgeweitet werden soll, bleibt Ankara außen vor. Aus Sicht der Türkei könnte das Abkommen zudem ihr Gewicht im strategischen Kalkül der EU schwächen. Mit Nachdruck fordert Ankara daher die Modernisierung der Zollunion. Denn nicht auszuschließen ist, dass sich die strukturellen Asymmetrien in der Zollunion zu seinen Lasten weiter verfestigen: Marktintegration ohne politische Mitgestaltung kann eine dauerhafte Benachteiligung der Türkei bedeuten und belastet ihre Beziehungen zur EU. Mit Inkrafttreten des Freihandelsabkommens werden indische Produkte leichter auf den türkischen Markt gelangen, türkische Produkte aber nicht nach Indien. Aufgrund geopolitischer Divergenzen mit Indien bestehen aus türkischer Perspektive überdies Risiken für eigene regionale Interessen. Brüssel und Berlin könnten diese Konstellation nutzen, um die Kooperation mit Ankara auf eine tragfähige institutionelle Grundlage zu stellen. |
| Keywords: | EU, Türkei, Indien, Zollunion, Freihandelsabkommen, FHA, Zölle, Modernisierung Zollunion, Beziehungen Türkei-EU, Beziehungen Türkei-Indien, Handel Türkei-EU, Lieferketten, Investitionen, Handel Türkei-Indien, Wirtschaftskooperation EU-Türkei, europäische Sicherheitsarchitektur, Beziehungen EU-Türkei |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpakt:338243 |