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on MENA - Middle East and North Africa |
| By: | Ghita Bouoidina (FEG - Faculté d'économie et de gestion, Settat); Abid Mustapha (FEG - Faculté d'économie et de gestion, Settat); Zakaria Benjouid (FEG - Faculté d'économie et de gestion, Settat) |
| Abstract: | for moroccan contemporary organizations. |
| Keywords: | Recrutement incertitude profiling agilité biais cognitifs Recruitment uncertainty profiling agility cognitive biases, Recrutement, incertitude, profiling, agilité, biais cognitifs Recruitment, uncertainty, agility, cognitive biases |
| Date: | 2025–12–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05436791 |
| By: | Aatika Naciri (ENCGT - Ecole Nationale de Commerce et de Gestion de Tanger - UAE - Abdelmalek Essaadi University [Tétouan] = Université Abdelmalek Essaadi [Tétouan]); Pr Hind Bouzekraoui (ENCG Marrakech); Pr Imad Elkhalkhali (ENCGT - Ecole Nationale de Commerce et de Gestion de Tanger - UAE - Abdelmalek Essaadi University [Tétouan] = Université Abdelmalek Essaadi [Tétouan]) |
| Abstract: | Certes le recours à la technologie évolue depuis bien longtemps, cependant l'accélération du processus de transformation digitale est devenue, au cours de ces toutes dernières années, une nécessité qui s'impose pour toutes les organisations. L'administration fiscale marocaine ne peut faire l'exception, en matière d'adaptation aux nouvelles technologies sur le plan national mais aussi international. Selon la littérature, la transformation digitale de l'administration fiscale (TDAF) garantit plusieurs avantages, entre autres : la réduction des coûts, la rapidité d'exécution, l'amélioration de la performance, ainsi que, des procédures administratives plus simplifiées. La TDAF offre aux contribuables plusieurs services, notamment : la possibilité de déclarer et de payer les impôts en ligne, un accès facilité aux informations et aux documents fiscaux, ainsi que l'amélioration de la fiabilité et de la transparence des données fiscales. Cet article établit l'état d'art sur la problématique de la transformation digitale de l'administration fiscale. Dans un premier lieu, nous présentons les tendances majeures et les nouveaux défis technologiques associés à la digitalisation de l'administration fiscale tels que, le Blockchain et l'Intelligence Artificielle (IA). Dans un deuxième temps, nous examinons le niveau actuel de digitalisation de l'administration fiscale marocaine. Les résultats indiquent que la Direction Générale des Impôts (DGI) s'efforce de s'aligner sur les normes internationales en matière de technologie, en améliorant ses services en ligne et en lançant des initiatives telles que l'agent conversationnel "CHATBOT", un agent virtuel destiné à faciliter l'accès aux services fiscaux. Globalement, la DGI s'efforce de placer le citoyen au centre de sa transformation digitale. Cependant, il est important de noter que des progrès supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour rattraper d'autres pays. |
| Keywords: | tax administration of Morocco, Blockchain, Intelligence artificielle, Direction générale des impôts DGI Maroc Digital Transformation, Tax Administration, Artificial Intelligence, Direction générale des impôts DGI Morocco, Transformation digitale, Administration Fiscale, Administration Fiscale Transformation digitale Blockchain Intelligence artificielle Direction générale des impôts DGI Maroc Digital Transformation Tax Administration Blockchain Artificial Intelligence Direction générale des impôts DGI Morocco |
| Date: | 2025–12–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05430732 |
| By: | Krafft, Caroline |
| Abstract: | Despite rising educational attainment, women's employment rates have declined in Egypt, falling to just 15% as of 2023. This chapter explores the determinants of declining female employment rates in Egypt. The research considers demand side factors, including potential discrimination and the changing structure of the economy, as well as supply side factors, such as gender norms, domestic responsibilities, and education mismatch. Analyses illustrate trends in women's employment and review the rich literature on drivers of women's employment in Egypt. A particular focus is how the policy environment shapes both supply and demand for women's labor. While women have become increasingly educated, restrictive gender norms and disproportionate care responsibilities limit what types of employment they can accept. Those types of jobs have become decreasingly available since structural reform curtailed public sector hiring. The private sector has not created sufficient "women-friendly" employment. Policy and programmatic interventions that try to increase women's employment will have to either create woman-friendly jobs or shift gender norms that restrict women's employment. |
| Keywords: | Employment, gender, Egypt |
| JEL: | J21 J22 J23 J16 B54 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1719 |
| By: | boughabi, houssam |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes the dynamic interactions between income growth, inflation, and unemployment in Morocco over the period 1990–2025. Income growth is modeled as a stochastic process exhibiting both short-term persistence and potential long-memory effects, captured via an ARFIMA(p, d, q) specification. The estimated income growth series is then used to investigate its influence on inflation and unemployment, linking income shocks to macro-labor outcomes within a Phillips–Okun framework. By com- bining long-memory income dynamics with empirical macro-labor modeling, the study provides new insights into how persistent fluctuations in income growth shape price adjustments and labor market responses. These findings offer both theoretical and policy-relevant implications for emerging economies experiencing cyclical or structural growth variations. |
| Keywords: | Inflation; Unemployment; Income dynamics; Volatility; ARFIMA; GARCH |
| JEL: | C22 E24 E31 E32 |
| Date: | 2026–02–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:128041 |
| By: | Yamaguchi, Rintaro; Agarwala, Matthew; Atkinson, Giles |
| Abstract: | Fossil fuels represent a significant portion of the wealth of resource-rich nations – up to 35% (on average) of total national wealth across the Middle East and North Africa, according to the World Bank (2021). But combusting these resources releases greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, driving costly climate change, ultimately reducing natural capital, productive capacity, and the inclusive wealth of nations. Yet, in most wealth accounting studies, fossil fuel assets are valued in isolation from their broader social costs. This study incorporates the social cost of carbon (SCC) — the present value of the future damage costs resulting from a marginal increase in emissions — into mainstream approaches to valuing fossil fuel stocks. We find that the value of fossil fuel reserves is sensitive to the carbon price, the extraction and decarbonisation pathway, and the discount rate. The results have implications for how fossil fuels should be valued in wealth accounts, how they should be reflected in national statistics, and the future of wealth in fossil-fuel rich economies. |
| Keywords: | genuine savings; natural capital; fossil fuel; inclusive wealth accounting; social cost of carbon; sustainable development |
| JEL: | C43 D63 O47 Q01 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–11–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:137102 |
| By: | Gabriel Felbermayr; Mahdi Ghodsi (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw); Heider Kariem; Robert Stehrer (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw); Yoto V. Yotov |
| Abstract: | How would fundamental political change in Iran, leading to a democratic system with a free and rules-based economic order, affect Germany and the EU economically? In the event of change, sanctions could be scaled back, allowing Iran to rejoin the global economy. This study quantifies the economic effects of such a transformation. It neither advocates for nor legitimises the lifting or easing of sanctions under the current regime or without far-reaching and credible reforms that fully address the concerns underlying the sanctions currently in place. Using the newest available data and quantitative methods, the results indicate that lifting EU sanctions alone could raise Iran’s real GDP by more than 80% in the long run while generating moderate but economically meaningful gains for Germany and the EU of around 0.3-0.4% of GDP. These gains are driven by expanded trade, lower energy and input prices, and improved allocative efficiency. When sanctions removal is combined with plausible scenarios of productivity catch-up with Turkey or South Korea, Iran’s GDP would increase by 240-388% and the gains for Europe would increase further, underscoring the strong complementarity between trade integration and productivity growth. Moreover, Iran’s reintegration would reduce energy price volatility, improve the security of maritime trade routes, and lower migration pressures. Overall, the findings suggest that a negotiated transition and rules-based reintegration of Iran would generate substantial mutual economic benefits while contributing to regional and global stability. |
| Keywords: | Iran; economic sanctions; regime transition; trade integration; energy markets; oil and gas prices; foreign direct investment; European Union; inflation; political economy |
| JEL: | F13 F15 F51 Q41 Q48 O53 |
| Date: | 2026–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wii:rpaper:rr:481 |
| By: | Mustapha Abderrahim; Riad Mansouri; Fatma Zohra Ouail; Sara Abadi; Kenza Elkrim; Mohamed-Fariz Zidane; Mr. Philippe D Karam; Mr. Gyorgy Molnar; Karel Musil; Valeriu Nalban |
| Abstract: | The paper describes QMPM, the Quarterly Projection Model for the Bank of Algeria that underpins the Bank’s Forecasting and Policy Analysis System. The model is designed to capture the key features of the economy, including the importance of the hydrocarbon sector, sizable fiscal policy impacts, monetary-fiscal interactions, a monetary aggregate targeting policy framework, and a managed exchange rate regime. Model-based analytical exercises demonstrate that AMPM displays both theoretical consistency and a robust data fit, confirming its practicality for conducting real-time policy analysis, forecasts, and risk scenarios in support of the Bank of Algeria’s policy processes. |
| Keywords: | Algeria; Forecasting and Policy Analysis; Quarterly Projection Model; Monetary Policy; Fiscal Policy; Transmission Mechanism |
| Date: | 2026–02–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2026/025 |
| By: | Yousfi, Ridha |
| Abstract: | This study investigates how liquidity risk affects the performance of deposit money banks in Tunisia, while also examining the moderating influence of nonperforming loans on this relationship. Using a two-step system generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator, the analysis is conducted on a sample of 50 listed banks across six Tunisian countries—Nigeria, Ghana, South Africa, Zambia, Kenya, and Tanzania. Bank performance is measured through return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE), with net interest margin (NIM) serving as a robustness indicator. The results reveal that liquidity risk has a significant and negative impact on bank performance, indicating that higher liquidity risk reduces profitability. Similarly, nonperforming loans negatively and significantly influence bank performance, and their interaction with liquidity risk further exacerbates this adverse effect. These findings are consistent across alternative performance metrics and econometric models that address potential endogeneity issues. Overall, this study provides one of the earliest cross-country empirical insights into how liquidity risk affects DMB performance in Tunisia and contributes to the literature by integrating the joint effect of liquidity risk and nonperforming loans, thereby highlighting the compounded challenges facing banks in the region. |
| Keywords: | Liquidity risk, GMM, Return on asset, Return on equity |
| JEL: | G3 G38 |
| Date: | 2025–03–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:126784 |
| By: | Gunes Asik; Bilge Erten; Erdal Tekin; Semih Tumen; Hakan Ulucan |
| Abstract: | Intimate partner violence remains one of the most serious threats to women's safety worldwide, yet existing evidence on the effectiveness of large-scale institutional protection systems is limited and mixed. This paper evaluates the impact of Violence Prevention and Monitoring Centers on intimate partner violence (IPV) against women in Türkiye. Exploiting the staggered rollout of centers across provinces, we find that the opening of a center reduces female homicides, particularly those perpetrated by intimate partners, by approximately 20 percent. Complementary survey evidence shows that the opening of a center also reduces women's self-reported exposure to physical IPV by 20 percent, with larger effects among younger and less-educated women. Exploring potential mechanisms, we find that centers primarily reduce violence by lowering barriers to help-seeking and improving coordination across police, legal, and social services: following the opening of a center, women become more likely to seek support from women's organizations and social services, while direct applications to prosecutors decline. We find no evidence of effects on gender attitudes, labor market outcomes, relationship status, marriage market outcomes, or mental health, suggesting violence reductions operate through improved access to protection rather than changes in norms or economic independence. The estimated effects are stronger in provinces with more gender-progressive norms and stronger institutional capacity, highlighting the importance of complementary social and institutional environments. |
| JEL: | I18 J12 J16 K42 O15 |
| Date: | 2026–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:34886 |
| By: | Ali Khodabandeh (University of Tehran); Mojtaba Shahabi Shahmiri (University of Tehran) |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the complex relationship between spatial structure and income inequality across Iran's 31 provinces, aiming to move beyond linear and simplistic analyses. The methodology is based on a two-stage quantitative approach: first, four key indicators—urban primacy, polycentricity, the Gini coefficient, and an expenditure dispersion index—were calculated for each province. Second, K-Means cluster analysis was used to classify provinces based on their spatial economic profiles. The findings reveal that no universal link exists between spatial form and inequality, uncovering several distinct patterns: 1) The Dominant Metropolis model (Tehran and Alborz), where extreme spatial concentration is coupled with acute inequality; 2) The "Polycentricity Paradox, " where a similar spatial form leads to two contrasting outcomes: "efficient polycentricity" with low inequality (e.g., Kurdistan) and "inefficient polycentricity" with high inequality (e.g., Sistan and Baluchestan); and 3) The "Industrial Multi-Polar" model (Khuzestan), where a balanced spatial form coexists with high income inequality. The main conclusion is that physical form alone does not determine socio-economic outcomes; rather, the "functional quality" and "degree of integration" of the urban network are far more decisive. These findings underscore the need for context-specific regional policies focused on strengthening economic linkages between cities instead of merely engineering spatial form. |
| Keywords: | Income Inequality; Spatial Structure; Urban Primacy; Polycentricity; Cluster Analysis; Iran. |
| JEL: | R12 R23 D63 C38 R58 |
| Date: | 2026–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ahy:wpaper:wp74 |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | Since the 2024 Art. IV consultation, the authorities have aimed to balance disinflation with steady growth. Following a fiscal expansion in 2024, the deficit was reduced substantially in 2025 and, despite policy rate cuts, real interest rates remain high. Inflation (31 percent y/y in December) is falling slowly, and growth remains solid (4.0 percent y/y in 2025:Q1-Q3). With unchanged policies, including further rate cuts expected by markets, inflation is likely to continue to recede but remain in double digits and above the CBRT’s targets, and activity would fall short of its potential. Inflation would likely stay above targets and limit economic growth. Türkiye’s elevated inflation is also taking a toll on the financial sector and inequality, while productivity growth has been lackluster. Inflation risks remain on the upside, while a volatile external environment will require vigilance, particularly on FX risks. Delayed reanchoring of inflation expectations would also raise the probability of a shock that could reignite inflation and undermine confidence. |
| Keywords: | staff report; inflation expectation; Fsap finding; missions to Türkiye; Financial System Stability Assessment; Inflation; Central bank policy rate; Disinflation; Global; Europe |
| Date: | 2026–02–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:2026/043 |