|
on MENA - Middle East and North Africa |
| By: | Mohamed Zahidi (UH2C - Université Hassan II de Casablanca = University of Hassan II Casablanca = جامعة الحسن الثاني (ar)); Sara Ousghir (UCD - Université Chouaib Doukkali); Hajar Makry (UCD - Université Chouaib Doukkali); Ayoub Kassimi (UH2C - Université Hassan II de Casablanca = University of Hassan II Casablanca = جامعة الحسن الثاني (ar)) |
| Abstract: | Numerous studies have focused on the relationship between proximitymainly geographical -and business innovation in a given territory (Chesbrough, 2003; Laursen & Salter, 2006; Mongo, 2013). The objective of our research is to study the link between the proximity of all forms and start-ups' level of innovation in the Casablanca-Settat region of Morocco by applying structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) using the Smart PLS 3.3.9 software. Moreover, a structural model is proposed that can be used to assess the level of innovation in organizations based on their internal capacities (human, financial, and technical capital) and the logic of proximity established within their local and global environment. To verify our hypotheses, the proposed model is tested on a sample of 98 Moroccan start-ups, relying on the mixed methodology of the hypothetico- |
| Keywords: | proximity, innovation, internal capabilities, Moroccan start-ups, PLS-SEM approach |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05243699 |
| By: | Abderrahman Elghazzali (Université Hassan 1er [Settat]); Jalal Ait Ouakrim (Université Hassan 1er [Settat]) |
| Abstract: | Based on a study of the various performance indicators in public sector, and based on the professional experience the authors have accumulated either in working for the Moroccan Tax administration, or in interacting with it , our research aims to develop a set of performance indicators to be used by the Moroccan tax authority in order to assess the performance of tax audits. The article discusses first the concept of performance in its broad sense by highlighting the usefulness of its measurement as the triggering element of the management loop in the field of management in general, and in public management in particular. The following section gives particular attention to identifying the main ratios among the most commonly used in public management. After demonstrating the need to setup a system for assessing the tax audit process, the paper suggests to the Moroccan Tax Authority a well-defined, comprehensive, and detailed model that covers all strategic and operational aspects related to tax audit. Indeed, the proposed model includes not only the financial and quantitative aspects, but it goes beyond them and covers the qualitative aspects related to internal processes and resources management. Finally, the end of the paper aims to underline the key factors that significantly influence the tax audit process. These factors, whether endogenous or exogenous to the tax administration, are likely to constitute sources of influence on the desired performance. Classification JEL : H83 Paper type : Theoretical Research |
| Abstract: | Le présent article explore les critères d'évaluation des systèmes de contrôle des administrations publiques avec pour objectif de proposer un modèle équipé d'un ensemble d'indicateurs destinés à l'administration fiscale marocaine. Le travail réalisé est le résultat d'une revue approfondie de la littérature concernant l'évaluation de la performance dans le domaine du management de l'appareil public. Mais, il est également le fruit des expériences que les auteurs ont accumulées soit en travaillant au sein de la direction des impôts au Maroc, soit en inter-réagissant avec celle-ci. L'article aborde d'abord la notion de la performance dans son sens large, en mettant en exergue l'utilité de sa mesure comme étant l'élément déclencheur de la boucle du pilotage dans le domaine de gestion en général, et dans le management public en particulier. La partie suivante porte une attention particulière au recensement des principaux ratios parmi les plus pratiqués dans la gestion publique. Après avoir démontré minutieusement le besoin de mettre en place un système rigoureux pour l'évaluation du processus de contrôle fiscal, l'article présente un modèle bien défini, complet et détaillé qui couvre tous les aspects stratégiques et opérationnels liés au processus de contrôle fiscal. En effet, il est proposé un modèle qui inclut non seulement les aspects financier et quantitatif, mais qui couvre également les volets temporel, qualitatif et ceux liés aux processus internes et à la gestion des ressources au niveau de la Direction des impôts. Dans sa dernière partie, l'article a pour but de mettre l'accent sur les facteurs clés qui interviennent de manière significative dans le processus de contrôle fiscal ; ces facteurs tantôt endogènes et exogènes à l'administration étant susceptibles de constituer des sources d'influence de la performance recherchée. JEL Classification : H83 Type du papier : Recherche Théorique |
| Keywords: | Efficiency, Efficacity, performance indicators, Performance, Tax control, Efficience, Efficacité, Indicateurs de performance, Contrôle fiscal |
| Date: | 2025–09–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05291055 |
| By: | Abay, Kibrom A.; Abdelfattah, Lina Alaaeldin; Abushama, Hala; Kirui, Oliver K.; Nigus, Halefom Yigzaw; Siddig, Khalid |
| Abstract: | This paper evaluates the impact of digital transfers on the well-being of households grappling with active conflict in Sudan. Considering the case of Sudan, where active conflict and funding gaps continue to hamper the delivery of humanitarian services, we aim to address the following questions: (i) Can digital cash transfers improve food and nutrition security outcomes of beneficiaries in conflict-affected settings?; (ii) Can digital transfers to an other-wise inaccessible population improve subjective well-being, mental health, and stress in the face of recurrent conflicts?; and (iii) Who benefits more from digital transfers, and do the impacts of digital transfers vary depending on the size of transfers or socioeconomic characteristics of households? To address these questions, we design a randomized controlled trial (RCT) involving digital transfers of different sizes to randomly selected urban households in Sudan. Digital transfers reached nearly all targeted beneficiaries, with about a quarter of households receiving them through their friends and relatives and hence incurring some transaction fees. Overall, digital transfers mitigated deterioration in food insecurity (by 7-8 percentage points) and improved subjective well-being and mental health. Interestingly, we find that the digital transfers are more beneficial (impactful) for those grappling with active conflict. Digital transfers also appear to be less effective for poorer households and households of a larger size. These findings highlight the potential of digital transfers to support those grappling with armed conflict. |
| Keywords: | conflicts; social protection; cash transfers; mobile phones; electronic commerce; Sudan |
| Date: | 2025–11–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:177655 |
| By: | Fatih Eren Metin; Kerem Yavuz Arslanli |
| Abstract: | The construction sector in Turkey is highly influenced by price fluctuations, economic crises, and external shocks. In particular, the major earthquake in 2023 accelerated the increase in construction costs, revealing that price volatility in Turkey is significantly higher compared to other OECD countries. This study develops a forecasting model for construction costs using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). A total of 16 periods of data were collected from the first quarter of 2021 to the last quarter of 2024. The selected variables include total cost, labor cost, material cost, iron prices, and the Consumer Price Index (CPI). The VECM model was applied to analyze long-term economic relationships and short- term fluctuations in construction costs. The results were compared with traditional forecasting methods, demonstrating a lower margin of error in the VECM-based predictions. These findings highlight the necessity of data-driven modeling for more reliable cost estimations in the construction industry. The study provides a methodological framework for improving cost forecasting, particularly during periods of high inflation and market uncertainty. By leveraging econometric modeling, decision- makers in the construction sector can enhance financial planning and risk management. Future research may focus on expanding the model with additional economic indicators, testing its applicability in different regions, and developing long-term forecasting strategies to improve predictive accuracy. |
| Keywords: | Construction Cost Estimation, ; Forecasting Models; VECM |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2025_232 |
| By: | H. Berkay Tosunlu (LAMSADE - Laboratoire d'analyse et modélisation de systèmes pour l'aide à la décision - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Joseph Guillaume (Fenner School of Environment and Society - ANU - Australian National University); Alexis Tsoukiàs (LAMSADE - Laboratoire d'analyse et modélisation de systèmes pour l'aide à la décision - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Emeline Hassenforder (INAT - Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie, Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, UMR G-EAU - Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - BRGM - Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - AgroParisTech - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Samia Chrii (INAT - Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie); Houssem Braiki (INAT - Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie); Irene Pluchinotta (UCL - University College of London [London]) |
| Abstract: | Groundwater management, especially in Mediterranean regions such as Tunisia, is challenging due to diverse stakeholder interests and the arid climate, which makes the sustainability of water resources extremely difficult. This paper proposes an innovative approach to the design of decision and policy alternatives by combining Problem Structuring Methods (PSMs) and the participatory tool based on the Concept-Knowledge (C-K) theory, named Policy-Knowledge, Concepts, Proposals (P-KCP). In a multi-methodological perspective, using Cognitive Maps and Value Trees in combination with P-KCP, the study aims to innovatively generate alternatives to address the sustainability issue of the case study, namely collective groundwater management. The paper provides a practical and adaptable guide to fostering innovation for policy design and generation of alternatives. By bridging decision theory and design theory, the study addresses the methodological gap in alternatives generation and highlights the role of C-K theory for supporting innovative design processes. Integrating PSMs and C-K theory, the multi-methodology advocates participatory approaches to address complex sustainability challenges, provides an adaptable, replicable tool, and encourages the creation of unconventional solutions. Ultimately, this paper offers new collective practices for groundwater management, expanding the set of alternatives through the integration of PSMs and C-K theory and reflecting on the applied multi-methodology. |
| Keywords: | Value Trees, Cognitive Maps, Stakeholders, Sustainability, Policy Analytics, Design Theory, Conflict Transformation and Management, Alternatives, Problem Structuring |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05345369 |
| By: | Shalabh Kumar Singh; Shubhashis Sengupta |
| Abstract: | Artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as a foundational general-purpose technology, raising new dilemmas of sovereignty in an interconnected world. While governments seek greater control over it, the very foundations of AI--global data pipelines, semiconductor supply chains, open-source ecosystems, and international standards--resist enclosure. This paper develops a conceptual and formal framework for understanding sovereign AI as a continuum rather than a binary condition, balancing autonomy with interdependence. Drawing on classical theories, historical analogies, and contemporary debates on networked autonomy, we present a planner's model that identifies two policy heuristics: equalizing marginal returns across the four sovereignty pillars and setting openness where global benefits equal exposure risks. We apply the model to India, highlighting sovereign footholds in data, compute, and norms but weaker model autonomy. The near-term challenge is integration via coupled Data x Compute investment, lifecycle governance (ModelOps), and safeguarded procurement. We then apply the model to the Middle East (Saudi Arabia and the UAE), where large public investment in Arabic-first models and sovereign cloud implies high sovereignty weights, lower effective fiscal constraints, and strong Data x Compute complementarities. An interior openness setting with guardrails emerges as optimal. Across contexts, the lesson is that sovereignty in AI needs managed interdependence, not isolation. |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2511.15734 |
| By: | Abdelkader Aguir (ESPI - Ecole Supérieure des Professions Immobilières); Nesrine Dardouri (USO - جامعة سوسة = Université de Sousse = University of Sousse) |
| Abstract: | Interest in empirical studies of monetary policy has grown over the past decade, and particularly since the post COVID-19 pandemic period characterized by a surge in inflation rates in every corner of the globe. Against this backdrop, central banks' traditional inflation forecast framework has been challenged, leading to renewed analysis of the monetary policy transmission mechanism. Focusing on Tunisia, an emerging small open economy subjected to external shocks, this study focuses on the role played by the monetary authority in the conduct of Tunisia's monetary policy over the period from 2000 to 2024. This period is characterized by a deceleration of growth and an increase in inflation and unemployment. This work shows also how a VAR model with long-run restrictions justified by economic theory can be usefully applied in the analysis of monetary policy; the effects of the money market rate and other shocks; the relationship between prices and the nominal effective exchange rate; and the relationship between inflation and the output gap. |
| Keywords: | vector autoregressions, H5, I31, COVID-19, political revolution, monetary policy, monetary policy political revolution COVID-19 vector autoregressions Tunisia JEL Classification: C01 H5 I31 Z18 |
| Date: | 2025–09–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05290329 |
| By: | Ceren Kaneral; Kerem Yavuz Arslanli |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the impact of increasing passenger numbers on airport rental income and total revenue. The growing complexity of investigating this relationship has made it challenging to accurately forecast trends in the aviation industry. Previous research has primarily relied on the assumption that revenue increases in tandem with passenger traffic. To conduct a preliminary analysis, monthly data from 2015 to 2018 was collected for two major Turkish airports: Atatürk Airport in Istanbul (AHL) and Esenboa Airport in Ankara (ESB). A summary of the statistical findings reveals that AHL's revenue is approximately 6.8 times higher than ESB's, and its rental income is about 7 times greater. This stark disparity underscores the significant economic advantage of higher passenger volumes, as evidenced by AHL generating substantially higher revenue and rental income per passenger compared to ESB. By comparing these two airports, the study aims to test the cointegration and causality between passenger numbers and airport revenue, as well as rental income, while highlighting the differences in their capacities and operational methodologies. The findings of this research will provide valuable insights and serve as a guide for airport management, real estate professionals, and other stakeholders in the aviation industry, facilitating informed decision-making and strategic planning. |
| Keywords: | Air Traffic; Overall Airport Revenue; Rental Income; Turkish Airports |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2025_202 |
| By: | Ece Özmen |
| Abstract: | The real estate sector holds strategic importance due to its direct impact on economic growth and social welfare. In this context, as the need for professionalization in the sector increases, the significance of academic programs aimed at meeting the demand for qualified human resources has become increasingly evident. This study examines the impact of associate degree programs in Turkey’s real estate sector through the example of the Real Estate Management Program at Salihli Vocational School. Salihli Vocational School has adopted a mission to train professionals who contribute to the real estate sector at both regional and national levels, emphasizing a balanced approach to both theoretical and practical education. The study delves into the curriculum structure, applied education models, and functional relevance of real estate management programs within the sectoral context. Particularly, the integration of contemporary topics such as sustainability, social media utilization, and digitalization into curricula enhances these programs’ capacity to adapt to the sector's evolving needs. This study highlights Salihli Vocational School’s contributions as a model among institutions offering real estate management education in Turkey while providing recommendations for elevating professional standards within the sector. Additionally, it serves as a crucial guide for developing educational policies to shape the future of the real estate industry. |
| Keywords: | professionalization; Real Estate Education; real estate management programme; Türkiye |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2025_149 |
| By: | Harun Tanrivermis; Monsurat Ayojimi Salami; Yeim Tanrvermi |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the contributions of PropTech to addressing fundamental challenges faced by the real estate sector, including issues of transparency, liquidity, customer experience, and the reduction of transaction costs. A qualitative research approach will be employed, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist, and the findings from previous studies will be reviewed from the 1980s to the present. The study duration was informed by reports emphasising that the theorisation of PropTech was initiated and facilitated for globalisation by the Advanced Producer Services (APS) sector. The review will be organised thematically according to the fundamental challenges in real estate. The findings for each theme will be critically evaluated, enabling the identification of potential research gaps. Expected outcomes include increased liquidity in real estate, mitigation of transparency issues, enhancement of customer experience, and reduction of transaction costs by eliminating intermediaries. However, should the findings contradict anticipated outcomes, the circumstances surrounding these unexpected results may be explained to justify such findings. |
| Keywords: | customer experience and Turkish PropTech industry; Digitalization and PropTech; Quantitative research; Transparency issue and liquidity |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2025_287 |
| By: | Ronen Shay (Ben Gurion university of the Negev) |
| Abstract: | The Israeli hospitality industry has long faced a chronic labor shortage, particularly in front-lineand support roles. Rooted in structural challenges such as low wages, demanding workingconditions, and seasonal fluctuations, this issue has been significantly worsened by the outbreakof the October 2023 war. The conflict resulted in a steep decline in both international anddomestic tourism and severely disrupted the sector?s labor force. Thousands of workers, includingforeign nationals and Palestinian day laborers, were either unable or unwilling to return to workdue to security concerns, military reserve mobilization, or personal trauma. This study, focusingon a case study in Eilat, Israel?s premier resort city, investigates how strategic workforce planningand cross-border labor agreements, such as initiatives to employ Jordanian workers, can serve asinnovative responses to the crisis. Interviews with hotel managers and employees reveal thatemotional support, job security, and flexible work arrangements are critical factors in enhancingemployee retention. In the current climate, fostering regional cooperation, promoting culturalsensitivity, and adapting regulatory frameworks are essential for maintaining workforce stability.This paper offers a timely analysis of the intersection between geopolitical instability and humanresource challenges in the hospitality sector. It also presents actionable recommendations forbuilding resilience and ensuring continuity in times of crisis. |
| Keywords: | Human resources, Hospitality, Employee recruitment, War impact, Tourism crisis |
| JEL: | Z00 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:15516774 |
| By: | Gomes, Alexandra; Al-Ragam, Asseel; AlShalfan, Sharifa |
| Abstract: | Kuwait faces critical environmental challenges driven by high per capita energy consumption, car-dominated urban development, and fossil fuel dependency. Despite national commitments to carbon neutrality by 2060, there remains a significant gap between policy intentions and real-world implementation. This research investigates the intersections of governance, user behaviour, and policy-practice mediation across the housing, energy, and transport sectors. By employing a mixed methods approach that integrates stakeholder engagement, comparative policy analysis, and the proposal of policy-practice mediation tools, the study aims to bridge policy and behavioural gaps. It highlights the role of data in accessing, informing, and monitoring policies and behaviours, and proposes stronger, dedicated institutions, a rethinking of energy subsidies, the adoption of bottom-up and participatory approaches, and the use of social media platforms for advocacy, communication, and the promotion of sustainable lifestyles. These interventions can contribute to advancing Kuwait’s sustainable transition through context-specific, evidence-based, inclusive, and scalable policy measures. |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:130285 |