|
on MENA - Middle East and North Africa |
| By: | Assaad, Ragui; Ginn, Thomas; Saleh, Mohamed |
| Abstract: | While labor market impacts of refugees in low- and middle-income countries are commonly studied, public services like education could also be affected by mass arrivals. This paper examines the impact of Syrian refugees on the educational outcomes of Jordanians. Combining detailed household surveys with school-level records on the density of Syrians, we study both the quantity and quality of education using a difference-in-differences design across refugee prevalence and schooling cohort. We find no evidence that Syrians significantly affected the educational outcomes of Jordanians. We show that the government’s response of establishing second shifts in existing public schools and opening new schools in camps mitigated potential overcrowding. |
| Keywords: | education; refugees; forced migration; Middle East |
| JEL: | I21 J61 N35 R23 |
| Date: | 2023–09–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:119332 |
| By: | Üngör, Çağdaş |
| Abstract: | Ankara's "techno-nationalist" policies aim to place Turkey among the innovation leaders of the 21st century. The country has already achieved notable progress in its defence industry, launched its own EV brand and is preparing a space mission. But creating "native and national" (yerli ve milli) alternatives to the big global players in artificial intelligence (AI), 5G or semiconductors is not an easy task. With few commercial success stories to show, Turkey still needs international partners to develop innovation in the twenty-first century. This is likely to become more challenging under the Trump administration, whose drastic trade policies have complicated the relationships between China, Europe and the United States. With different dependencies on each of these actors (American digital corporations, Chinese network infrastructure and EU tech norms) Turkey faces a geopolitical trilemma in the field of technology. |
| Keywords: | Turkey, President Erdoægan, AKP, innovation leader, defence industry, national arms industry, China, Europe, United States, Trump administration, 5G technology, robotics, artificial intelligence (AI), autonomous weapons systems |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpcom:319692 |
| By: | Abdulrahman, Abdulrahman |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the determinants of energy consumption in Egypt using annual data from 1984 to 2014. It examines the relationships between energy consumption and key macroeconomic variables: GDP per capita, gross capital formation, CO₂ emissions, and financial development. Using multiple regression analysis (OLS model), the study finds statistically significant coefficients: GDP per capita and investment negatively influence energy consumption, while CO2 emissions show a strong positive correlation. Financial development displays a mixed effect. The regression model demonstrates a high explanatory power (R² = 99.3%), indicating that these variables jointly explain energy consumption patterns in Egypt. These results offer policy-relevant insights for balancing economic development with environmental sustainability through efficient energy use. |
| Keywords: | Energy consumption, GDP per capita, Investment, CO2 emissions, Financial development, Egypt, OLS regression, Macroeconomic determinants, Sustainable development, Environmental economics |
| JEL: | Q4 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q5 Q51 Q54 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:125085 |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | Jordan continues to maintain macroeconomic stability despite external headwinds from regional conflicts and heightened global economic uncertainty, owing to the authorities’ steadfast pursuit of sound policies and strong international support. Growth in 2024 ended up somewhat stronger than anticipated and is projected to pick up pace in 2025 and following years. Inflation remains low, and reserve buffers are strong. Nonetheless, uncertainty is high and structural challenges remain. |
| Date: | 2025–07–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:2025/155 |
| By: | Abdulrahman, Abdulrahman; Al-Ghawi, Omar; Al-Ghoul, Youssef |
| Abstract: | This study empirically investigates the impact of real interest rate, inflation, net trade, and exchange rate on Egypt's real GDP over the period 1990–2024 using an Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression model. The results reveal that real interest rate and inflation have a statistically significant negative effect on GDP, reflecting the contractionary nature of tight monetary conditions and price instability. The exchange rate shows a positive effect on GDP, suggesting currency depreciation may boost exports. Net trade, surprisingly, exerts a negative effect, highlighting structural imbalances in Egypt’s trade composition. The findings confirm the relevance of traditional macroeconomic frameworks, IS–LM, AD-AS, and Mundell Fleming, while emphasizing the unique features of Egypt’s economy. The study contributes policy-relevant insights to macroeconomic management in developing economies. |
| Keywords: | Real GDP, Macroeconomics, Egypt, Interest Rate, Inflation, Exchange Rate, Net Trade, IS-LM, Mundell-Fleming, AD-AS, OLS Regression, Developing Economies |
| JEL: | C3 C32 C4 C41 C5 C8 C82 C87 E2 E22 E4 E6 E63 |
| Date: | 2025–05–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:125084 |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | The continued political division and widespread fragilities have hindered the authorities’ capacity to control public expenditure and enact necessary reforms. Unless spending is contained, the fiscal and external accounts would remain under pressure. Given the heavy dependence on oil exports and a large import bill, the country remains exposed to global downside risks. |
| Keywords: | METAC TA; METAC mission; clearance certificate; METAC study tour; transparency policy; authority capacity development; Oil production; Oil prices; Anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT); Global |
| Date: | 2025–06–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:2025/148 |