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on MENA - Middle East and North Africa |
| By: | Anwar Gasim; Walid Matar; Abdelrahman Muhsen (King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center) |
| Abstract: | Measuring and monitoring greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are crucial to address climate change and fulfill Paris Agreement objectives. This paper explores the potential of satellite technology in measuring and tracking CH4, CO2, and N2O emissions in Saudi Arabia, collaborating with environmental intelligence company Kayrros. The satellite estimates reveal significant disparities with other data providers, particularly in the oil and gas sector. The paper advocates for a combination of bottom-up and satellite methods to enhance comprehensiveness, transparency, accuracy, and timeliness in emission measurements. The study provides policy recommendations for Saudi Arabia, demonstrating how satellite technology can detect super-emitting events and offering solutions for regulatory action. Finally, it discusses limitations and calls for further investment in satellite technology to refine GHG emission estimates for better global climate action. |
| Keywords: | Air conditioning, Applied general model, Article 6, Blockchain |
| Date: | 2023–12–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:prc:dpaper:ks--2023-dp29 |
| By: | Khellil Khaled (OEB - Université Larbi-Ben-Mhidi [Oum-El-Bouaghi]); Loucif Kamilia (OEB - Université Larbi-Ben-Mhidi [Oum-El-Bouaghi]) |
| Abstract: | This study aims to assess the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in Algeria from 2010 to 2022 and their contribution to economic diversification and reducing Algeria's reliance on oil revenues, using descriptive and analytical techniques plus the inductive approach to examine and analyze data collected, the study shows that Algeria's small and medium-sized enterprises are vulnerable and ineffective at contributing to the country's economic diversification, and their extensive orientation towards the services and construction sectors does not help create added value despite the significant growth in their count during the period of study. |
| Keywords: | Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Economic Diversification Algerian exports. JEL Classification Codes : Q32 Q37, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, Economic Diversification, Algerian exports. JEL Classification Codes : Q32, Q37 |
| Date: | 2023–12–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04684569 |
| By: | Dahmouni Khelidja (UMBB - Université M'Hamed Bougara Boumerdes) |
| Abstract: | This study has analyzed Algerian non-hydrocarbon exports, revealing a promising trend in the past three years. It has explored Algeria's major trade partners and governmental efforts to boost exports, in addition to highlighting significant obstacles.Several potential solutions were proposed. However, despite government efforts, nonhydrocarbon exports have been adversely affected due to bureaucratic challenges, warranting further attention in enhancing their growth for the country's economic development. |
| Keywords: | exports non-hydrocarbons exports foreign trade trade barriers JEL Classification Codes: F13 F31 N7 P33, exports, non-hydrocarbons exports, foreign trade, trade barriers JEL Classification Codes: F13, F31, N7, P33 |
| Date: | 2023–12–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04680581 |
| By: | Mezili Imad (Université d'Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella [Oran]); Belkhadem Ibtissem (Ecole Supérieure d'Economie d'Oran (ex. EPSECG Oran)) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the alignment between the university education at ISTA Oran and labor market needs in Algeria. The high unemployment rate among Algerian university graduates points to a general problematic of mismatch between education and jobs. The main hypothesis is that there is a gap between the educational services and actual labor market requirements. The methodology used is a survey of 47 ISTA teachers. Overall, the study highlights the need for better training-employment alignment to positively impact graduates' employability. |
| Keywords: | Skills labor market innovative pedagogy university training JEL Classification Codes: J21 J24 A22 I23, Skills, labor market, innovative pedagogy, university training JEL Classification Codes: J21, J24, A22, I23 |
| Date: | 2023–12–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04684571 |
| By: | Gherbi Laid (Echahid Hamma Lakhdar University) |
| Abstract: | This study aims to shed light on the role of business incubators in supporting entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship development in the university environment, as incubators are considered one of the most important support and accompaniment mechanisms that contribute to the development of entrepreneurial projects, The study adopted a case study approach through the preparation and development of a questionnaire, which was distributed, The study concluded that Algeria is striving to develop a diverse and integrated system to support, accompany and promote entrepreneurship in various aspects that affect it directly or indirectly, The business incubator at the University of the Valley is one of the most important of these mechanisms, as there is a positive impact of the business incubator's activity on entrepreneurship among students at the University of the Valley. |
| Keywords: | entrepreneurship, business incubator, support and accompaniment mechanisms, University of the Valley. JEL Classification Codes: L26 L31 D2 O3, University of the Valley. JEL Classification Codes: L26, L31, D2, O3 |
| Date: | 2023–12–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04680590 |
| By: | Akgündüz, Yusuf Emre (Sabanci University); Akyol, Pelin (Bilkent University); Aydemir, Abdurrahman B. (Sabanci University); Demirci, Murat (Koc University); Kirdar, Murat Güray (Bogazici University) |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the intergenerational effects of the 1997 compulsory schooling reform in Turkey, which extended compulsory schooling from five to eight years, on the developmental outcomes of children aged 36 to 59 months. We draw upon data from the 2018 Turkey Demographic and Health Survey, which features a comprehensive module on early childhood development (ECD), and estimate the impact of mothers' exposure to education reform using RDD. Our analysis reveals a significant increase in maternal educational attainment and corresponding enhancements in children's readiness to learn. Exploring the underlying mechanisms, we find a notable expansion in the number and variety of activities parents, especially fathers, engage in with their children. In a further examination of parental outcomes, we find evidence pointing to narrower educational and age disparities between partners, suggesting an improvement in mothers' agency—aligned with the heightened engagement of fathers with their children. Despite the typical emphasis on mothers in ECD research, our study indicates a significant enhancement in fathers' involvement with their children accompanied by improvement in children's cognitive outcomes. |
| Keywords: | compulsory education, early child development, parental investment, mother's agency, cognitive skills |
| JEL: | H52 I26 J13 J24 |
| Date: | 2024–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17249 |
| By: | Camélia Sehaqui (Université Hassan 1er [Settat]); Mohamed Haissoune (Université Hassan 1er [Settat]) |
| Abstract: | This article seeks to analyze the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in counterparty risk management, focusing on Moroccan participatory banks. To this end, the authors first examine the reality of AI and its applications in Islamic finance before exploring how it can evaluate and mitigate the risks inherent to these institutions. The qualitative methodology used is based on semi-structured interviews with eight risk directors from Moroccan participatory banks and windows. The interviews were transcribed and subjected to systematic thematic analysis. The coding process identified recurring themes, which were then grouped into broader categories to identify key trends and perceptions about the use of AI in counterparty risk management. The survey results reveal that none of the banks interviewed currently use AI for counterparty risk management, although they intend to introduce it in the future. The expected benefits include increased accuracy in risk assessment and process optimization through automation. However, potential obstacles include financial constraints and a shortage of AI expertise. Indeed, AI could present promising prospects for strengthening financial stability and ensuring Sharia compliance within participatory banks. For effective integration, investments in resources and AI training are necessary. Overall, the future of AI in counterparty risk management promises to bring innovation and operational efficiency to the participatory finance sector. |
| Abstract: | Le présent article cherche à analyser l'application de l'intelligence artificielle (IA) dans la gestion du risque de contrepartie, en se concentrant sur les banques participatives marocaines. Pour ce faire, les auteurs examinent d'abord la réalité de l'IA et ses applications dans la finance islamique avant d'explorer comment elle peut évaluer et atténuer les risques propres à ces institutions. La méthodologie qualitative retenue se base sur des entretiens semi-directifs avec huit directeurs des risques de banques et fenêtres participatives marocaines. Les entretiens ont été transcrits et soumis à une analyse thématique systématique. Le processus de codage a permis d'identifier des thèmes récurrents, regroupés ensuite en catégories plus larges, afin de dégager des tendances et des perceptions clés sur l'utilisation de l'IA dans la gestion du risque de contrepartie. Les résultats de l'enquête révèlent qu'aucune des banques interrogées n'utilise actuellement l'IA pour la gestion du risque de contrepartie, bien qu'ils aient l'intention de l'introduire dans un avenir proche. Les avantages attendus incluent une précision accrue dans l'évaluation des risques et une optimisation des processus grâce à l'automatisation. Cependant, les obstacles potentiels incluent des contraintes financières et une pénurie d'expertise en IA. En effet, l'IA pourrait présenter des perspectives prometteuses pour renforcer la stabilité financière et garantir la conformité à la Charia au sein des banques participatives. Pour une intégration efficace, des investissements dans les ressources et la formation en IA sont nécessaires. En somme, l'avenir de l'IA dans la gestion du risque de contrepartie promet d'introduire innovation et efficacité opérationnelle dans le secteur de la finance participative. |
| Keywords: | Artificial Intelligence AI, Participatory Finance, Risk management, Counterparty Credit Risk, Intelligence Artificielle, Finance Participative, Gestion des risques, Risque de contrepartie |
| Date: | 2024–09–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04690166 |
| By: | Yacine Dahmani (UMMTO - Université Mouloud Mammeri [Tizi Ouzou]); Arkoub Ouali (UMBB - Université M'Hamed Bougara Boumerdes) |
| Abstract: | This work aims to present the solvency system currently in the insurance sector in Algeria, more precisely the Solvency I Directive. To identify the shortcomings and limitations of the prudential regulation and finally, to offer recommendations necessary to ensure the development of the activity of insurance in Algeria, and consequently the economy in general. Thus, to present the transition from the Solvency I prudential standard to the Solvency II prudential standard, which was implemented on the insurance market in Europe on January 01, 2016.Finally, the Algerian regulation cannot stay away from international reforms, including the Solvency II standard; it must adapt his system to comply with these standards. |
| Keywords: | Insurance, solvency, prudential rules, solvency II, prudential standards. JEL Classification Codes : G22 G28 M16, prudential standards. JEL Classification Codes : G22, G28, M16 |
| Date: | 2023–12–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04680573 |
| By: | Gökçe, Merve Betül (Bogazici University); Kirdar, Murat Güray (Bogazici University) |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the impact of the Syrian civil war and refugee status on the risk of physical intimate partner violence (IPV) among Syrian women in Jordan, the country with the second highest refugee-to-native ratio worldwide. We analyze data from the 2017-18 Jordan Population and Family Health Survey, which includes a nationally representative sample of Syrian refugees. Using the information on the timing of first violence after marriage within a discrete-time duration analysis, we examine the hazard rates of IPV exposure across different periods: prewar Syria, postwar Syria, and refugee status. Our findings demonstrate that war and refugee status increase the risk of IPV, and these findings persist for women who were married before the civil war. Additionally, the rise in IPV after the refugees' arrival in Jordan diminishes over time. The study identifies the economic strain resulting from lower household wealth and refugee husbands' employment losses as a driver of the rise in IPV. Moreover, our innovative approach utilizing GPS locations of refugee households to calculate refugee density reveals that greater social isolation, indicated by reduced proximity to other refugees, significantly exacerbates the risk of IPV among these women. In addition, we explore whether the civil war and refugee status alter marriage patterns, which could contribute to the observed effects on IPV. Both the civil war and forced migration lower the marriage age and increase the incidence of non-cousin marriages at the expense of cousin marriages—both of which are associated with a higher risk of IPV. |
| Keywords: | Syrian refugees, forced migration, intimate partner violence, physical violence, war and displacement, Jordan |
| JEL: | J12 J15 |
| Date: | 2024–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17284 |
| By: | Titouche Souhila (UMBB - Université M'Hamed Bougara Boumerdes); Arkoub Nabila (UMBB - Université M'Hamed Bougara Boumerdes) |
| Abstract: | Monetary policy in Algeria aims to control money supply to stimulate economic growth. This study examines the role of monetary policy tools in achieving economic growth from 1990 to 2020, focusing on the impact of Law 90-10. The findings suggest that monetary policy has had limited success in boosting growth due to the economy's heavy dependence on oil revenue for financing development projects. Despite efforts in implementing reforms and developmental schemes, desired growth rates have not been achieved. |
| Keywords: | Monetary policy economic growth money supply code of money and credit JEL Classification Codes: E52 E63 F43 O23 O40 The Theoretical Framework of Economic Growth. Third Axis: The Reality, Monetary policy, economic growth, money supply, code of money and credit JEL Classification Codes: E52, E63, F43, O23, O40 The Theoretical Framework of Economic Growth. Third Axis: The Reality |
| Date: | 2023–12–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04680589 |
| By: | Gulener, Kaan |
| Abstract: | This study examines the complex relationship between unemployment and inflation in Turkey over a 64-year period, from 1960 to 2023. Utilizing correlation analysis and simple linear regression, we investigate the long-term connection between these two key macroeconomic indicators. Our findings reveal a moderate positive correlation between unemployment and inflation, challenging the traditional inverse relationship proposed by the Phillips Curve. This unexpected result suggests that, in Turkey's economic context, periods of higher unemployment have generally coincided with higher inflation rates. The paper provides a comprehensive review of relevant literature, analyzing the historical data within the framework of Turkey's evolving economic landscape. Our research contributes to the ongoing debate on the validity of the Phillips Curve in emerging economies and offers insights into the unique economic dynamics of Turkey. The study's results highlight the need for tailored economic models and policies that account for Turkey's specific economic conditions. Furthermore, our analysis reveals patterns of economic stability and turbulence throughout the studied period, providing a valuable historical perspective on Turkey's economic development. These findings have significant implications for policymakers navigating the complex interplay between unemployment and inflation in Turkey and potentially in other emerging economies. |
| Keywords: | Inflation; Unemployment; Phillips Curve; Turkish Economy |
| JEL: | E31 J60 |
| Date: | 2024–09–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:121932 |
| By: | Rachid Touil (Université d'Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed [Oran]); Ouyahia Zoubida (Université d'Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed [Oran]) |
| Abstract: | Our study aims to know the CSR practices of the first company in Africa, SONATRACH, we opted for a semi-directive interview with three senior executives who answered economic questions, questions relating to the company's internal and external society, and questions relating to environmental issues. The results show that SONATRACH's responsible practices are a corporate citizen par excellence, the company opts for a responsible policy that applies international standards of behavior, ethics, and the environment, which makes this company a model for any other large company. |
| Keywords: | Social responsibility Environment Social Iso26000. JEL Classification Codes: Q56 M14, Social responsibility, Environment, Social, Iso26000. JEL Classification Codes: Q56, M14 |
| Date: | 2023–12–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04680588 |
| By: | Mohamed Bendjiar (Blida2 University Lounici Ali); Cheboui Salim (TIPAZA UNIVERSITY CENTER DZA - Partenaires IRSTEA - IRSTEA - Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture); Gachi Khaled (TIPAZA UNIVERSITY CENTER DZA - Partenaires IRSTEA - IRSTEA - Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture) |
| Abstract: | The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of national export-promotion programs (NEPPs) on the export performance (EXP). This study used the resourcebased view (RBV) and the Institutional-based view (IBV) theory to provide a holistic understanding of the issue. we developed model include the NEPPs as an independent variable, EXP as dependent variable, and the Marketing planning capabilities (MPC) as an intermediary variable. the study tests the direct and the indirect effect for the model variables Using a partial least-squares equation model (PLS SEM) method to analyze 47 samples collected from 2022 randomly by accessing Algerian's export managers in the Algerian's food industry companies. The results confirm and show the significant direct and indirect effects of Financial aid-related national export promotion program on the export performance, and the indirect effect of Information-related national export promotion program on the export performance through the Marketing planning capabilities. |
| Keywords: | National export promotion program (NEPPs) Export performance (EXP) Marketing JEL Classification Codes: M160 F23 L250, National export promotion program (NEPPs), Export performance (EXP), Marketing JEL Classification Codes: M160, F23, L250 |
| Date: | 2023–12–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04684565 |