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on MENA - Middle East and North Africa |
| By: | Fakih, Ali (Lebanese American University); Lizzaik, Zeina (Concordia University) |
| Abstract: | The phenomenon of overqualification is becoming increasingly common across many countries. In this research study, the main objective is to examine factors that determine overqualification, the impact of overqualification on wages, and the earning differences between genders in the case of Egypt. We use a cross-sectional micro-level dataset taken from the Egyptian Labor Force Survey (LFS) conducted by the Economic Research Forum (ERF). We employ a probit model to capture factors determining overqualification. The empirical results reveal that different sociodemographic, economic sector, and job-related factors determine overqualification. Moreover, we apply different matching techniques, radius matching, nearest-neighbor matching, and a weighting method, inverse probability weighting (IPW) to estimate the causal impact of overqualification on wage earnings. The result shows that overqualification affects the hourly wage earnings negatively. For further investigation, we estimate our regression by gender. The coefficients are negative for both genders, with a higher magnitude among females, revealing that overqualified females face higher wage penalties than overqualified males. The paper provides policy recommendations for both the Egyptian educational system and the job market to mitigate overqualification in the country. |
| Keywords: | overqualification, wage penalty, matching techniques, Egypt |
| JEL: | I21 J23 J31 |
| Date: | 2024–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17247 |
| By: | Olivier Durand-Lasserve (King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center) |
| Abstract: | This paper describes a novel, dynamic, forward-looking applied general equilibrium model of Saudi Arabia that represents interactions between the energy sectors and the rest of the economy. This model serves to produce long-term scenarios that describe possible energy transition trajectories in terms of policies, emissions, and economic impacts. This model covers all the sources of greenhouse gas emissions and features several emission reduction technologies and a representation of hydrogen supply and demand. We explain the overall structure of the model and how the different energy demand technologies are represented. We also describe the linkages with the rest of the world through trade in energy commodities. |
| Keywords: | Belt and Road, Capital expenditure, Circular Carbon Economy (CCE), CO2 emissions |
| Date: | 2024–07–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:prc:mpaper:ks--2024-mp04 |
| By: | Wafaa El Gouz (Mohamed V University, Morocco); Azzeddine Allioui (ESCA Ecole de Management, Morocco) |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this comparative research is to analyze the complex link that exists between the education of company owners and the financial success of family-owned companies in Morocco. A sizeable percentage of the corporate landscape is comprised of family businesses, which provide a major contribution to the economic growth of the nation. For the purpose of determining the influence that entrepreneurial training has on financial results, the study takes a comparative approach, evaluating both family firms and enterprises that are not family businesses. This inquiry digs into the particulars of family companies, considering the unique difficulties and opportunities that family firms face in the Moroccan economic climate. The purpose of this research is to give significant insights into the processes that determine the economic success of family businesses by taking a closer look at the association between entrepreneurial training and financial performance. In terms of methodology, the study takes a holistic approach, using both quantitative and qualitative data to capture the many facets that are associated with entrepreneurial training and financial achievement. The purpose of this study is to investigate the complex relationships that exist between the training programs that are offered to family entrepreneurs and the subsequent financial health of their businesses. This will be accomplished with questionnaires, interviews, and financial analyses. Moreover, the results of this study not only provide a contribution to the academic knowledge of family entrepreneurship in Morocco, but also offer practical consequences for enterprises, governments, and educational institutions. It is possible to design strategies for promoting the sustainable development of family businesses by gaining an understanding of the association between training and financial success. This will contribute to the overall economic growth and stability of the Moroccan business environment. |
| Keywords: | family businesses, professional training, financial success, Morocco |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:smo:raiswp:0360 |
| By: | El Khalifi, Ahmed; Ouakil, Hicham |
| Abstract: | We examine the implications of different redistribution policy reforms in Morocco, considering taxation, and based on a dynamic general equilibrium model of three agents: households, firms and Ricardian government. Consequently, a policy that supports public investment guarantees significant social welfare gains, and has a positive multiplier effect on output and tax revenue. However, in the presence of a highly government-dependent population -which behaves like the hand-to-mouth population-, this policy destroys social welfare, through the effect of reducing other expenditure on this population. To counteract this negative impact, authorities can provide additional lump-sum transfers to this population. The paper also presents indifference curves (iso-output and iso-income tax) associating spending and taxes. A change in any tax could have negative effects on the economy if not combined with a new redistribution of public spending. On the other hand, reducing such a tax followed by a change in spending policy could have positive economic effects (on output, tax revenue and social welfare), and the gains are very high in the case of consumption taxes and employer payroll taxes. |
| Keywords: | Public spending; Ricardian households; Government-dependent households; Taxes; Indifference curves; Welfare cost. |
| JEL: | H21 H31 H42 |
| Date: | 2024–07–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:121891 |
| By: | Wafaa El Gouz (Mohamed V University, Morocco); Azzeddine Allioui (ESCA Ecole de Management, Morocco) |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this study is to evaluate the adoption of Financial Technologies training by family businesses in Morocco and to assess the consequences of this acceptance for the development of the local economy. Traditional business models are being reformulated as a result of technological advancements, which are causing the global financial environment to undergo fast transformation. In this context, family businesses, which make up a significant portion of Morocco's economic fabric, are investigated regarding the degree to which they have committed themselves to the teaching of financial technology. Regulatory frameworks, resource accessibility, and understanding of the possible implications of FinTech tools are some of the important elements that are investigated in this research. The study also provides an analysis of the factors that influence the adoption of FinTech training among family businesses. The objective is to provide insights into the obstacles and possibilities connected with incorporating FinTech into the operations of family companies in Morocco by first gaining an awareness of these issues. In addition to this, the study investigates the practical consequences that the implementation of FinTech has on the operational efficiency, risk management, and decision-making processes of family businesses. Our goal is to shed light on the role that FinTech plays in enhancing the competitiveness and growth prospects of family businesses, thereby contributing to the overall economic development at the local level in Morocco. This will be accomplished through an analysis of case studies and empirical data. It is expected that the outcomes of this study will provide significant insights for policymakers, business executives, and academics interested in the nexus between family businesses, financial technology education, and economic development. |
| Keywords: | family businesses, financial technology, innovation, economic growth |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:smo:raiswp:0377 |
| By: | Wafaa El Gouz (Mohamed V University, Morocco); Azzeddine Allioui (ESCA Ecole de Management, Morocco) |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this study is to analyze the transformational influence that financial training has on the financial management practices of small enterprises in Morocco and to investigate the subsequent socioeconomic contributions that will result from this training. An all-encompassing research framework that incorporates both quantitative and qualitative research approaches is used in this study, which is conducted within the setting of a rapidly expanding small company sector that is experiencing financial difficulties. Research methods such as questionnaires, interviews, and case studies are applied in order to evaluate the effectiveness of financial training programs in providing small businesses with improved capacities to make responsible financial decisions. The results are intended to provide light on the actual effects of financial training, which include improvements in financial measures, risk management, and investment choices inside the organizations that were targeted. The study investigates not only the consequences on a micro level, but also the implications on a macro level that strengthened financial management will have on the socioeconomic landscape of Morocco as a whole. This research makes a contribution to the current body of knowledge by shedding light on the complex interaction that exists between financial management, financial training, and the generation of socioeconomic value. It is anticipated that the findings will provide policymakers, educators, and business leaders with information on effective techniques to promote financial resilience within small firms, hence creating sustained contributions to the socioeconomic growth of Morocco. |
| Keywords: | financial management, financial training, risk management, small businesses |
| Date: | 2024–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:smo:raiswp:0387 |
| By: | Parigi, Marta (University of Hohenheim); Oskorouchi, Hamid R. (University of Hohenheim) |
| Abstract: | This study quantitatively evaluates conclusions of NGOs, UN agencies, and the International Court of Justice denouncing the purported practices of apartheid by Israel. We gauge the impact of Israeli policies on Palestinian basic needs using a bespoke index and a novel instrumental variable (IV)-georeferenced mentions of Old Testament sites within a five-kilometre radius of each Palestinian locality. The instrument's exclusion restriction is validated by robustness checks and placebo tests (e.g., employing a placebo-IV built using New Testament-only landmarks). Our findings corroborate qualitative and legal research documenting how Israel's policies systematically undermine Palestinians' rights, potentially constituting an apartheid regime. This work could serve as evidence in prospective legal proceedings. |
| Keywords: | Palestine, Israel, basic needs, discrimination, apartheid |
| JEL: | D74 J71 K33 |
| Date: | 2024–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17176 |
| By: | Elharissi Hanan (FEG SETTAT - Faculté d’Économie et de Gestion de Settat); Gmira Firdaous (FEG SETTAT - Faculté d’Économie et de Gestion de Settat) |
| Abstract: | This article explores the role of digitalization as a digital marketing tool to enhance territorial attractiveness, focusing on the Casablanca-Settat region. Based on a qualitative study involving 16 interviews with local stakeholders, this research analyzes the impact of digital transformation on regional attractiveness. The diversity of perspectives has deepened the understanding of various issues, particularly those related to the concept of an attractive territory and the central role of digitalization. The results reveal that the region's attractiveness depends on seven key factors: territorial stability, legislation and the legal system, geolocation, territorial intelligence, quality infrastructure, digitalization of the territory, and access to resources, markets, and information. Digital initiatives, such as the digitalization of administrative procedures, have proven essential for enhancing the region's attractiveness to investors and businesses. |
| Abstract: | Résumé Cet article explore le rôle de la digitalisation en tant qu'outil de marketing digital pour renforcer l'attractivité territoriale, avec un focus sur la région de Casablanca-Settat. Basée sur une étude qualitative comprenant 16 entretiens avec des acteurs locaux de la région, cette recherche analyse l'impact de la transformation digitale sur l'attractivité régionale. La diversité des perspectives a permis d'approfondir la compréhension des différents enjeux, notamment ceux liés à la notion de territoire attractif et au rôle central de la digitalisation. Les résultats révèlent que l'attractivité de la région repose sur sept facteurs déterminants : la stabilité territoriale, la législation et le système juridique, la géolocalisation, l'intelligence territoriale, une infrastructure de qualité, la digitalisation du territoire, et l'accès aux ressources, au marché et à l'information. Les initiatives numériques, telles que la digitalisation des procédures administratives, se sont avérées essentielles pour améliorer l'attractivité de la région auprès des investisseurs et des entreprises. Mots clés : la digitalisation territoriale, le marketing digital, les facteurs de l'attractivité territoriale, l'attractivité territoriale, les parties prenantes. Abstract This article explores the role of digitalization as a digital marketing tool to enhance territorial attractiveness, focusing on the Casablanca-Settat region. Based on a qualitative study involving 16 interviews with local stakeholders, this research analyzes the impact of digital transformation on regional attractiveness. The diversity of perspectives has deepened the understanding of various issues, particularly those related to the concept of an attractive territory and the central role of digitalization. The results reveal that the region's attractiveness depends on seven key factors: territorial stability, legislation and the legal system, geolocation, territorial intelligence, quality infrastructure, digitalization of the territory, and access to resources, markets, and information. Digital initiatives, such as the digitalization of administrative procedures, have proven essential for enhancing the region's attractiveness to investors and businesses. Keywords: Territorial digitalization, digital marketing, factors of territorial attractiveness, territorial attractiveness, stakeholders. |
| Keywords: | la digitalisation territoriale, le marketing digital, les facteurs de l'attractivité territoriale, l'attractivité territoriale, les parties prenantes, African Scientific Journal, la digitalisation territoriale le marketing digital les facteurs de l'attractivité territoriale l'attractivité territoriale les parties prenantes Territorial digitalization digital marketing factors of territorial attractiveness territorial attractiveness stakeholders, les parties prenantes Territorial digitalization, digital marketing, factors of territorial attractiveness, territorial attractiveness, stakeholders |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04671641 |
| By: | Andres Felipe Guzman; Freddy Segundo Navarro Pineda (King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center) |
| Abstract: | Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a comprehensive methodology that contributes to informed decision-making and addresses environmental challenges across different sectors. The methodology has significantly evolved from its first development by the Coca-Cola Company in 1969 to its standardization by the International Organization for Standardization. The flexibility of LCA in environmental impact assessments in various industries, activities, and products has enabled it to support sustainability goals and initiatives such as the Paris Agreement and the European Union’s circular economy action plan. Specifically, in the air transportation sector, LCA has been applied in specific case studies involving fuel options, combustion emissions, and aircraft technologies to reduce climate impacts and achieve net-zero targets. The International Civil Aviation Organization has also developed a methodology to evaluate life cycle greenhouse gas emissions for aviation fuels that aligns with the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation sustainability criteria. |
| Keywords: | Alternative fuels, Carbon market, Clean technology, Climate change |
| Date: | 2024–03–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:prc:mpaper:ks--2024-mp02 |