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on MENA - Middle East and North Africa |
| By: | Ayoub Ouboumlik (FSJES AIN SEBAA, Hassan II University –Casablanca); Naoual Ouazzani Touhami (FSJES AIN SEBAA, Hassan II University –Casablanca) |
| Abstract: | This article analyzes the relationship between the digital revolution and public finance management in the context of the dynamic transformations initiated by Morocco over more than a decade ago. The aim of this research is to assess the impact of digitalization on the efficiency of public finance management in Morocco, highlighting the benefits and challenges associated with this digital transformation. The methodology adopted combines a literature review of digital reforms to obtain a comprehensive view of the changes induced by digitization. The results show that digitization has improved the transparency, efficiency and traceability of public financial operations. Integrated information systems have facilitated resource management, budget planning and expenditure control. However, challenges remain, notably in terms of data security, staff training and resistance to change. The main limitation of this study lies in the limited access to specific, up-to-date data concerning certain reforms, making impact assessment partially subjective. The results of this research provide valuable insights for policy-makers and public managers, highlighting the importance of continuous training, regular updating of digital systems and proactive change management in maximizing the benefits of digitization. This study makes an original contribution by putting into perspective the specificities of the Moroccan context in public finance management in the digital age. |
| Abstract: | Cet article analyse la relation entre la révolution numérique et la gestion des finances publiques dans le contexte des changements dynamiques entrepris par le Maroc depuis plus de dix ans. L'objectif de cette recherche est d'évaluer l'impact de la digitalisation sur l'efficacité de la gestion des finances publiques au Maroc, en mettant en évidence les avantages et les défis liés à cette transformation numérique. La méthodologie adoptée combine une analyse documentaire des réformes numériques pour obtenir une vision complète des changements induits par la digitalisation. Les résultats montrent que la digitalisation a amélioré la transparence, l'efficacité et la traçabilité des opérations financières publiques. Les systèmes d'information intégrés ont facilité la gestion des ressources, la planification budgétaire et le contrôle des dépenses. Cependant, des défis persistent, notamment en termes de sécurité des données, de formation du personnel et de résistance au changement. La principale limitation de cette étude réside dans l'accès limité aux données spécifiques et actualisées concernant certaines réformes, rendant l'évaluation de l'impact partiellement subjective. Les résultats de cette recherche fournissent des indications précieuses pour les décideurs politiques et les gestionnaires publics, soulignant l'importance de la formation continue, de la mise à jour régulière des systèmes numériques et de la gestion proactive du changement pour maximiser les bénéfices de la digitalisation. Cette étude contribue de manière originale en mettant en perspective les spécificités du contexte marocain dans la gestion des finances publiques à l'ère numérique. |
| Keywords: | Administration numérique, digitalisation, formation, finances publiques, services publics |
| Date: | 2024–07–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04644340 |
| By: | Adel Ben Youssef (GREDEG - Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UniCA - Université Côte d'Azur); Mounir Dahmani (GREDEG - Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UniCA - Université Côte d'Azur); Mohamed Mabrouki |
| Keywords: | Energy, Climate change, Tunisia, Sustainability, Carbon dioxide emissions, Economic growth |
| Date: | 2024–07–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04647252 |
| By: | Rachidi Yasser El Mekki (ENCG, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20000, Morocco); Rharib Abderrahim (ENCG, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20000, Morocco) |
| Abstract: | Foreign direct investment (FDI) in football clubs has grown significantly in recent years. However, Moroccan clubs seem to be excluded from this dynamic. Hence the need to identify barriers to foreign capital entry and to propose strategic recommendations to make football clubs more attractive and accessible to foreign investors. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five national experts. The thematic analysis of this exploratory qualitative study highlighted five key factors: (historical, legal-legislative, management, economic-commercial and socio-political). The results affirmthat the attractiveness of CMF to foreign investors depends on a profound and multidimensional transformation of the Moroccan football landscape. Keywords: Foreign direct investment (FDI), football clubs, Moroccan football clubs (MFC), foreign capital, foreign investors. |
| Abstract: | Résumé Les investissements directs étrangers (IDE) dans les clubs de football ont connu une croissance significative ces dernières années. Cependant, les clubs marocains semblent être exclus de cette dynamique. D'où la nécessité d'identifier les barrières qui entravent l'entrée de capitaux étrangers et de proposer des recommandations stratégiques visant à rendre les clubs de football plus attrayants et accessibles aux investisseurs étrangers. A cette fin, des entretiens semi-structurés ont été menés avec cinq experts nationaux. L'analyse thématique, de cette étude qualitative exploratoire, a mis en évidence cinq facteurs clés : (historiques, juridiques-législatifs, de gestion, économiques -commerciaux et sociopolitiques). Les résultats suggèrent que l'attractivité des CMF auprès des investisseurs étrangers est tributaire d'une mutation profonde et multidimensionnelle du paysage footballistique marocain. Mots clés : investissements directs étrangers (IDE), clubs de football, clubs marocains de football(CMF), capitaux étrangers , investisseurs étrangers. Abstract Foreign direct investment (FDI) in football clubs has grown significantly in recent years. However, Moroccan clubs seem to be excluded from this dynamic. Hence the need to identify barriers to foreign capital entry and to propose strategic recommendations to make football clubs more attractive and accessible to foreign investors. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five national experts. The thematic analysis of this exploratory qualitative study highlighted five key factors: (historical, legal-legislative, management, economic-commercial and socio-political). The results affirm that the attractiveness of CMF to foreign investors depends on a profound and multidimensional transformation of the Moroccan football landscape. Keywords: Foreign direct investment (FDI), football clubs, Moroccan football clubs (MFC), foreign capital, foreign investors. |
| Keywords: | football clubs, Moroccan football clubs (MFC), foreign capital, foreign investors, African Scientific Journal, investissements directs étrangers (IDE), clubs de football, clubs marocains de football(CMF), capitaux étrangers , investisseurs étrangers., investissements directs étrangers (IDE) clubs de football clubs marocains de football(CMF) capitaux étrangers investisseurs étrangers Foreign direct investment (FDI) football clubs Moroccan football clubs (MFC) foreign capital foreign investors, capitaux étrangers, investisseurs étrangers Foreign direct investment (FDI) |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04648420 |
| By: | Rachid Annane (Laboratory of Aquatic Ecosystem, National Centre for Research and Development of Fisheries and Aquaculture (CNRDPA) 11, Bd Amirouche, PO Box 67, Bou Ismaïl 42415 Tipaza, Algeria) |
| Abstract: | اجتذب قطاع الصيد البحري وتربية الأحياء المائية في الجزائر اهتماما كبيرا منذ عام 2018، وتأكدت المؤشرات المشجعة من خلال تطوره في عام 2022. ويمكن أن يعزى النمو الملحوظ الذي شهده إلى العديد من العوامل الرئيسية التي ساهمت في الزيادة الكبيرة في إنتاج تربية الأحياء المائية. وقد تم دعم هذا النمو من خلال سياسة قطاعية تركز على ترقية تربية الأحياء المائية، وتسهيل نقل التكنولوجيا، وتنفيذ التدابير التحفيزية. علاوة على ذلك، فإن إعادة توجيه رأس المال نحو هذا القطاع، خاصة بعد الركود في قطاع الأشغال العامة، أدى إلى تسريع النمو والتنمية. وتؤكد البيانات هذا النمو القوي، حيث خلق القطاع 115, 672 فرصة عمل مباشرة وشهد زيادة مذهلة في الإنتاج الإجمالي بنسبة 11.13%، مدفوعة في المقام الأول بارتفاع كبير بنسبة 21.43% في تربية الأحياء المائية. وارتفعت أحجام الصادرات بنسبة استثنائية بلغت 149.5%، مصحوبة بزيادة في القيمة بنسبة 68.07%، في حين شهدت الواردات انخفاضًا بنسبة -23.43%. كما شهدت قيمة التداول زيادة كبيرة بنسبة 15.57%. وبحلول عام 2022، اكتسب القطاع اعترافًا استراتيجيًا من طرف الحكومة، ليشكل 5% من إجمالي القطاع الزراعي، ويساهم بنسبة 0.2% في الناتج المحلي الإجمالي، ويدعم أكثر من 145 ألف وظيفة. ولعب المشهد الاستثماري أيضًا دورًا حاسمًا، حيث تم استثمار ما يقرب من 10 مليار دج في تربية الأحياء المائية وحدها، مما أدى إلى نمو ملحوظ بنسبة 67٪. وتمثل تربية الأحياء المائية حاليا 10% من إجمالي إنتاج القطاع، وقد تضاعفت في غضون عامين، مما يدل على نمو مزدوج الرقم ويهدف إلى تحقيق 33% بحلول عام 2035 و50% بحلول عام 2050 من خلال استثمارات كبيرة. وعلى الرغم من هذه الأرقام المثيرة للإعجاب، فإن التحديات مثل محدودية المخزونات السمكية الطبيعية تتطلب اتخاذ تدابير صارمة لضمان استدامة مصايد الأسماك. ومع ذلك، فإن هذه التطورات توفر فرصًا كبيرة للتنمية المستدامة للقطاع، وتعرض آفاقًا واعدة لمزيد من النمو، وخلق فرص العمل، والمساهمة الاقتصادية. علاوة على ذلك، فإن نجاح قطاع مصايد الأسماك وتربية الأحياء المائية في الجزائر يتماشى مع مبادئ الاقتصاد الأزرق، مع التركيز على الاستخدام المستدام والحفاظ على الموارد البحرية. ويعد تطوير هذا القطاع ضمن إطار الاقتصاد الأزرق أمرًا بالغ الأهمية لضمان الجدوى البيئية والاقتصادية على المدى الطويل، وتعزيز الابتكار، وتشجيع الممارسات المسؤولة. ولا يساهم هذا النهج في النمو الاقتصادي فحسب، بل يدعم أيضًا الحفاظ على البيئة، مما يجعل من الضروري استمرار نجاح القطاع والمساهمة في مستقبل مستدام . |
| Abstract: | The fisheries and aquaculture sector in Algeria has attracted significant attention since 2018, and these encouraging indicators were further confirmed by developments of what in 2022. The remarkable growth experienced can be attributed to several key factors that have contributed to the substantial increase in aquaculture production. This growth has been supported by a sectoral policy focused on promoting aquaculture, facilitating technology transfer, and implementing incentive measures. Moreover, the redirection of capital towards this sector, particularly after the recession in the public works sector, has accelerated growth and development. The data underscores this robust growth, with the sector generating 115, 672 direct jobs and witnessing an impressive overall production increase of 11.13%, primarily driven by a substantial 21.43% rise in aquaculture. Export volumes surged by an exceptional 149.5%, accompanied by a 68.07% increase in value, while imports saw a decline of -23.43%. Turnover also saw a significant increase of 15.57%. By 2022, the sector had gained strategic recognition, constituting 5% of the entire agricultural sector, contributing 0.2% to GDP, and supporting over 145, 000 jobs. The investment landscape has also played a crucial role, with approximately 10 billion DA invested in aquaculture alone, leading to remarkable growth of 67%. Aquaculture, currently representing 10% of the sector's total production, doubled within two years, demonstrating double-digit growth and aiming to achieve 33% by 2035 and 50% by 2050 through substantial investment. Despite these impressive numbers, challenges such as limited fish stocks necessitate stringent measures to ensure the sustainability of the fishery. Nevertheless, these advancements present significant opportunities for the sustainable development of the sector, showcasing promising prospects for further growth, job creation, and economic contribution. Moreover, the success of Algeria's fisheries and aquaculture sector aligns with the principles of the blue economy, emphasizing sustainable use and conservation of marine resources. The development of this sector within the blue economy framework is crucial for ensuring long-term environmental and economic viability, fostering innovation, and promoting responsible practices. This approach not only contributes to economic growth but also supports environmental conservation, making it imperative for the sector's continued success and contribution to a sustainable and prosperous future. |
| Keywords: | الاستدامة, التنمية, النمو, البحري, الاستثمار, Sustainability, Development, Growth, Maritime, Investment |
| Date: | 2024–07–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04655137 |
| By: | Mustafa Özer; Jan Fidrmuc |
| Abstract: | Mental health is essential for well-being and quality of life. Yet, our knowledge of the determinants of mental health is limited. We analyze the impact of education on mental health using survey data on self-reported health of Turkish women. To deal with the potential endogeneity, we rely on a natural experiment: an increase in the compulsory education from 5 to 8 years in 1997. The results suggest that education has a favorable effect on mental health, physical health, and being target of abusive behavior. We specifically consider intra-family spillovers, which are important: husband’s education has favorable effects on the wife’s mental health, and both parents’ educational attainments improve mental health of children. We account for the implications of assortative mating whereby the spouses’ educational attainment are correlated. We show that each spouse’s education has a favorable impact on women’s mental health, but the effect of husbands’ education dominates that of wives’ education. These effects are particularly pronounced among women who grew up in low-income provinces and in families without history of childhood abuse. |
| Keywords: | health, mental health, education, instrumental variable, natural experiment |
| JEL: | H51 H52 I12 I26 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11213 |
| By: | Yosuke Jin; Andrea-Rosalinde Hofer |
| Abstract: | Egypt’s working age population is set to expand substantially, with a rising education level, making for growth opportunities. However, employment ratios have trended down, while informality has become increasingly prevalent, particularly penalising the youth. Such trends should be reversed by creating more and better-quality jobs, thereby better integrating people into the labour market, in particular the youth. Easing rigid market regulations would boost productivity and promote formal job creation. High labour costs should be reduced, which would also bring a larger share of the working age population into formal employment. At the same time, social protection and worker support should be expanded to address labour market insecurity and obstacles to labour force participation. Education is also key to foster productivity growth and formal jobs. Ongoing reforms, notably the National Structural Reform Programme, aim at developing skills, promoting female labour force participation and expanding social benefit programmes. These important initiatives should be complemented by additional policy measures to ensure sufficient job creation and improve job quality, thereby durably raising living standards for all and improving employment prospects especially for younger generations. |
| Keywords: | education, skills, female labour force participation, informality, Job creation, job quality, labour market regulation, social protection, social security system, youth employment |
| JEL: | E24 E26 I20 I30 J30 J60 |
| Date: | 2024–08–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1814-en |
| By: | Araujo, Inacio F. (Departamento de Economia, Universidade de São Paulo); Donaghy, Kieran P. (Department of City and Regional Planning, Cornell University); Haddad, Eduardo A. (Departamento de Economia, Universidade de São Paulo); Hewings, Geoffrey J.D. (Department of Urban & Regional Planning, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign) |
| Abstract: | This study develops a methodology to assess the effects of extreme events. This method measures the geographic propagation of indirect impacts of disasters through supply chains. This modeling framework incorporates an inter-regional input-output system to calibrate a computable general equilibrium model. Our methodological approach includes examining the supply and demand constraints caused by the disruptive event. We also model regional resilience through input substitution possibilities. To illustrate the applicability of the methodology, we analyze the higher-order effects of the regional ISIS-created conflict in Iraq between 2014 and 2017. We also extend the general equilibrium model to downscale Iraq’s national economic accounts to the regional level. This strategy projects the post-conflict Iraqi economy at a granular level of spatial aggregation. The model produced for this analysis offers policymakers simulations to identify economic vulnerabilities at the regional and industrial levels and explore alternatives to mitigate the damage caused by extreme events. |
| Keywords: | armed conflict; costs of war; risk analysis; disruptive events; higher-order impacts; CGE model |
| JEL: | C68 R13 |
| Date: | 2024–08–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:nereus:2024_006 |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | Libya remains a fragile state trapped in political uncertainty. Episodes of active conflict have become less frequent, but the country remains de facto divided between the West and the East and fragmented among various militias with competing objectives. The political economy constraints and inadequate capacity hinder the authorities’ ability to implement Fund policy advice. |
| Date: | 2024–07–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:2024/206 |
| By: | Kaoutar Saboni (ENCGK - ENCG University Ibn Tofail of Kenitra, Morocco); Laila Bennis (ENCGK - ENCG University Ibn Tofail of Kenitra, Morocco); Nour-Eddine Anguer (ENCGK - ENCG University Ibn Tofail of Kenitra, Morocco) |
| Keywords: | Moroccan economy Covid19 crisis Ukraine-Russia crisis Rainfall shocks sectoral strategies, Moroccan economy, Covid19 crisis, Ukraine-Russia crisis, Rainfall shocks, sectoral strategies |
| Date: | 2024–05–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04648945 |
| By: | Emre Özçelik (Economics Program, Middle East Technical University, Northern Cyprus Campus, Northern Cyprus); Mustafa TuÄŸan (Department of Economics, Social Sciences University of Ankara, Ankara, Turkey) |
| Abstract: | Bu çalıÅŸmada, Türkiye ekonomisinin geçmiÅŸi devlet-piyasa ekseninde ve Cumhuriyet’in ilk yüzyılını kapsayan uzun bir dönemde incelendikten sonra, 2020’lerin ikinci yarısında geliÅŸtirilip 2030’larda uygulanabilecek ve yeni bir ‘siyasal-iktisat tarzı’ olarak da anlaÅŸılabilecek bir proaktif popülizm gündemi önerilmektedir. Böyle bir gündem ülke tarihinin herhangi bir evresinde daha önce benimsenip uygulanmadığı için söz konusu önerinin ana çerçevesi de çalıÅŸmada ortaya konmaktadır. Bu çerçevede, uzun dönemli ekonomik büyüme olanaklarının geniÅŸ toplum kesimlerinin lehine yeniden düzenlenmesi öngörülmekte, dıÅŸa bağımlı geliÅŸme ‘doğal’ değil ‘sorunsal’ bir olgu olarak saptanmakta ve gerek ‘makroekonomik temkin’ gerekse ‘kurumsal geliÅŸme’ meselelerinin önemsenmesi gerektiği vurgulanmaktadır. Proaktif popülizmin Türkiye için orijinal bir gündem önerisi ve yeni bir siyasaliktisat tarzı olarak oluÅŸturulmasında üç baÅŸat siyasal-iktisadi katkıdan yararlanılmaktadır: (i) Ziya ÖniÅŸ ve Fikret Åženses’in ‘proaktif devlet-reaktif devlet’ ayrımı, (ii) Korkut Boratav’ın ‘popülizm’ olgusuna sınıfsal bakıÅŸ açısı ve (iii) Dani Rodrik’in ‘makroekonomik istikrar’, ‘ekonomik küreselleÅŸme’ ve ‘popülizm’ arasındaki iliÅŸkileri ele almaya yönelik yaklaÅŸımı. Popülizmin ‘klasik’ varyantları ile proaktif popülizm arasındaki temel fark, ikincisinin ‘makroekonomik temkin’ ve ‘kurumsal geliÅŸme’ meselelerini göz ardı etmeyerek bunları sistemik ve sınıfsal olgular olarak değerlendirmesidir. Dolayısıyla bu çalıÅŸma, karma ekonomi ile neoliberalizmi ‘yarıÅŸtırmanın’ ötesine geçmek üzere, 21. Yüzyılda da ‘az geliÅŸmiÅŸlik’ sorunlarıyla yüzleÅŸmeyi sürdüren Türkiye’de yakın gelecekte etkinleÅŸtirilebilecek bu yeni siyasal-iktisat tarzını tartıÅŸmaya açmayı amaçlamaktadır. |
| Keywords: | Türkiye Ekonomisi, Proaktif Devlet, Reaktif Devlet, Popülizm, Makroekonomik Temkin, Kurumsal GeliÅŸme |
| JEL: | B50 B59 P10 P16 |
| Date: | 2024–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:met:wpaper:2403 |
| By: | Emre Özçelik (Economics Program, Middle East Technical University, Northern Cyprus Campus, Northern Cyprus); Mustafa TuÄŸan (Department of Economics, Social Sciences University of Ankara, Ankara, Turkey) |
| Abstract: | Bu çalıÅŸmada, Türkiye’nin uzun dönemli ekonomik büyüme performansı ‘Maddison Projesi Veri Tabanı’nın (Maddison Project Database) 2020 sürümü kullanılarak ülke karÅŸılaÅŸtırmalı ve ‘betimlemeli’ (descriptive) bir çerçevede çözümlenmektedir. Örneklem, 1923-2018 dönemini ve Türkiye dâhil 60 ülkeyi kapsamaktadır. KarÅŸılaÅŸtırmalı büyüme performansları, hem ülke ekonomilerinin reel büyüklüğünde, hem de kiÅŸi baÅŸına düÅŸen reel gelirde gözlemlenen değiÅŸimler hesaba katılarak incelenmektedir. Bunun için Büyüme İktisadı’nda yaygın olarak kullanılan matematiksel araç ve yöntemlerden yararlanılmaktadır. ÇalıÅŸmada yaklaÅŸık yüz yıllık tüm dönemin yanı sıra, iktisadi ölçütlere göre belirlenen 13 alt döneme de odaklanılmaktadır. Ayrıca, örneklemin zaman boyutu 19231979 ve 1980-2018 olmak üzere iki uzun evreye bölünerek Türkiye’nin ‘karma ekonomi’ ve ‘neoliberalizm’ rejimleri altındaki ‘göreli’ büyüme performansı da irdelenmektedir. Ülke karÅŸılaÅŸtırmalı çerçeve açısından ise, Türkiye’nin büyüme performansı ‘yüksek gelirli’ ve ‘düÅŸük ve orta gelirli’ ülke gruplarıyla birlikte ele alınmaktadır. Bunun yanı sıra Latin Amerika, Doğu Asya ve Doğu Avrupa bölgelerinden seçilmiÅŸ bazı ülkeler ile G-7 ülkeleriyle de karÅŸılaÅŸtırmalar yapılmaktadır. Temel bulgulara göre, Türkiye’nin uzun dönemli ve ‘göreli’ büyüme performansı fena değildir, ama büyük bir takdiri de gerektirmemektedir. Nitekim, ‘akran’ ülkelerle karÅŸılaÅŸtırıldığında tarihsel olarak genellikle daha iyi bir büyüme performansı gösteren Türkiye’nin yakın geçmiÅŸte (2000’li ve 2010’lu yıllarda) bu ülkelere karÅŸı ‘pozitif’ göreli eğilimini kaybetmeye baÅŸladığı saptanmaktadır. ‘Akran’ ülkelere karÅŸı ‘karma ekonomi’ evrelerinde böyle bir sorun gözlemlenmemiÅŸken göreli büyüme performansında düÅŸüÅŸ sinyallerinin yakın tarihli ‘neoliberal’ evrelerde ortaya çıkması, son birkaç on yıldır Türkiye ekonomisinin uluslararası iÅŸ bölümüne eklemlenme tarzında göz ardı edilmemesi gereken sorunların bulunduğuna iÅŸaret ediyor olabilir. |
| Keywords: | Türkiye Ekonomisi, Ekonomik Büyüme, Karma Ekonomi, Neoliberalizm |
| JEL: | O47 O49 O50 O57 |
| Date: | 2024–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:met:wpaper:2402 |