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on MENA - Middle East and North Africa |
| By: | Chantal Le Mouël (SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Agneta Forslund (SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Pauline Marty (UTT - Université de Technologie de Troyes); Stéphane Manceron (Direction de l'Expertise scientifique collective, de la Prospective et des Etudes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Elodie Marajo-Petitzon (SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Marc-Antoine Caillaud (Direction de l'Expertise scientifique collective, de la Prospective et des Etudes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Patrice Dumas (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Cirad-ES - Département Environnements et Sociétés - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Bertrand Schmitt (CESAER - Centre d'Economie et de Sociologie Rurales Appliquées à l'Agriculture et aux Espaces Ruraux - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Dijon - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | The dependence on imports of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region for its food needs has increased steadily since the early 1960s, from 10% to about 40%. This import dependence could continue to rise in coming decades due to the projected MENA population growth and the expected negative impacts of climate change on the region's natural resources and agricultural performances. To what extent the food import dependency of the MENA region will continue to increase up to 2050 and how the region could mitigate its rising reliance on food imports is both a key question for the region itself and a crucial geopolitical issue for the world as a whole. In this paper, we use a biomass balance model to assess the level of the food import dependency of the MENA region in 2050 resulting from six scenarios. We show that under current trends and severe impacts of climate change the food import dependency of the MENA would continue to rise and reach 50% in 2050. Maghreb would be particularly affected becoming dependent on imports for almost 70% of its food needs. Adopting a Mediterranean diet, reaching faster productivity growth in agriculture or reducing waste and loss along the food chain would contribute to decelerate the rise of the MENA's food import dependency. However, only the combination of these three options could significantly offset the increased import dependency in the most affected sub-regions: Maghreb, the Middle and the Near East. In all scenarios, Turkey strengthens its position as a net exporter of agricultural products. |
| Keywords: | Food system, Agricultural production, Food diet, MENA, Scenarios, Biomass balance model |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04142046&r=ara |
| By: | Mohammed Sghiar (LARCEPEM, FSJES Souissi, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, Maroc); Ahmed Lakssissar (LARCEPEM, FSJES Souissi, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, Maroc) |
| Abstract: | The advanced regionalization project in Morocco essentially aims to achieve integrated and sustainable territorial development and the reduction of regional disparities. For several years, the State, public establishments and local authorities have implemented economic and social policies and programs in all regions of Morocco aimed primarily atthe creation of wealth, the reduction of poverty and inequalities and improving youth employability. In this sense, the objective of this paper is to measure the level of efficiency of Moroccan regions in the use of socio-economic factors to promote regional development. The data envelopment analysis (DEA) method was used to analyze the efficiency of the regions between 2001 and 2017 and the Malmquist index to study the factors of production. The results show that the level of efficiency of Moroccan regions is around the efficiency frontier but without remarkable progress in terms of productivity between the two periods. Changing this situation requires implementing territorial policies adapted to the development needs of each region, improving the efficient management of resources and seizing the unprecedented opportunities of technological progress to generate productivity gains. |
| Abstract: | Le chantier de régionalisation avancée au Maroc vise essentiellement la réalisation d'un développement territorial intégré et durable et la réduction des disparités régionales. Depuis plusieurs années, l'État, les établissements publics et les collectivités territoriales ont mis en place des politiques et des programmes économiques et sociaux dans toutes les régions du Maroc visant en priorité la création de la richesse, la réduction de la pauvreté et des inégalités et l'amélioration de l'employabilité des jeunes. Dans ce sens, l'objectif de ce papier est de mesurer le niveau d'efficience des régions marocaines dans l'utilisation des facteurs socio-économiques pour promouvoir le développement régional. La méthode d'analyse d'enveloppement des données (DEA) a été utilisée pour analyser l'efficience des régions entre 2001 et 2017 et l'indice de Malmquist pour étudier les facteurs de production. Les résultats montrent que le niveau d'efficience des régions marocaines se situer aux alentours de la frontière d'efficience, mais sans progrès remarquables en termes de productivité entre les deux périodes. Le changement de cette situation nécessite de mettre en œuvre des politiques territoriales adaptées aux besoins de développement de chaque région, d'améliorer de la gestion efficiente des ressourceset de saisir les opportunités inédites du progrès technologique à générer des gains de productivité. |
| Keywords: | Efficiency, regional development, Morocco, Efficience, développement régional, Maroc |
| Date: | 2023–06–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04150453&r=ara |
| By: | Abay, Kibrom A.; Abdelradi, Fadi; Kassim, Yumna; Guo, Zhe |
| Keywords: | EGYPT, ARAB COUNTRIES, MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA, AFRICA, agricultural production, remote sensing, monitoring, economic activities, Coronavirus, coronavirus disease, Coronavirinae, COVID-19, investment, spatial distribution |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:menapn:135068&r=ara |
| By: | Mateo-Sagasta, Javier (International Water Management Institute); Nassif, Marie Helene (International Water Management Institute); Tawfik, Mohamed (International Water Management Institute); Gebrezgabher, Solomie (International Water Management Institute); Mapedza, Everisto (International Water Management Institute); Lahham, Nisreen (International Water Management Institute); Al-Hamdi, M. |
| Keywords: | Water reuse; Water resources; Water availability; Water scarcity; Wastewater treatment; Municipal wastewater; Resource recovery; Water policies; Water governance; Planning; Guidelines; Irrigation water; Agricultural water use; Water quality standards; Health hazards; Sustainability; Financing; Cost recovery; Business models; Stakeholders; Gender-transformative approaches; Women; Social aspects |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h051838&r=ara |
| By: | Prof. Saadi, T (ISCAE, Km 9, 5 Route de Nouasseur BP. 8114, Casablanca, Morocco Author-2-Name: Author-2-Workplace-Name: ISCAE, Km 9, 5 Route de Nouasseur BP. 8114, Casablanca, Morocco Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | " Objective - This study examines the relationship between diversification strategy and company economic performance in the Moroccan real estate sector. The research focuses on measuring the impact of diversification on technical and Scale efficiency using the Data Envelopment Analysis (D.E.A.) method. The objective is to provide empirical evidence regarding the performance differences between diversified and undiversified companies in the Moroccan real estate industry context. Methodology - Data was collected on sales, inventory, and personnel expenses to construct the input-output ratio from a sample of 60 companies in the Moroccan real estate sector. Diversified and undiversified firms were identified based on their business activities. The Data Envelopment Analysis (D.E.A.) method was then applied to measure these companies' technical and Scale efficiency. Findings - The results reveal that diversified companies in the Moroccan real estate sector exhibit significantly higher economic efficiency, around 40% compared to 31% for undiversified firms. Moreover, diversified firms demonstrate superior pure technical efficiency with a score of 47%, while undiversified firms lag at 36%. However, the two groups have no significant difference in scale efficiency. These findings highlight the positive impact of diversification on overall efficiency and suggest the potential benefits of adopting diversified strategies in the real estate industry. Novelty - This study contributes to the existing literature by exploring the relationship between diversification and performance in the particular context of the real estate industry in Morocco. The findings of this study have practical implications. Managers and policymakers can utilize the results to understand the potential benefits of diversification and consider incorporating this strategy into their business models. Type of Paper - Empirical/ Review" |
| Keywords: | Economic performance, D.E.A., diversification, Morocco, real estate sector, technical and Scale efficiency, slack |
| JEL: | L10 R15 R30 M21 |
| Date: | 2023–06–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jber236&r=ara |
| By: | Akgündüz, Yusuf Emre (Sabanci University); Akyol, Pelin (Bilkent University); Aydemira, Abdurrahman B. (Sabanci University); Demirci, Murat (Koc University); Kirdar, Murat G. (Bogazici University) |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the intergenerational eects of maternal education on the development outcomes of 24- to 59-month-old children in Turkey. As the source of exogenous variation in maternal schooling, we use mothers' exposure to the 1997 education reform in Turkey, which extended the duration of compulsory schooling from 5 to 8 years. The data come from the 2018 Turkey Demographic and Health Survey, which has a rich special module on early child development. We find a substantial increase in mothers' educational attainment and a rise in children's readiness to learn. Our finding is novel because it measures readiness to learn at a very young age rather than cognitive skills at later ages, as the previous studies do. We also find suggestive evidence of a positive impact on children's social-emotional development. Examining the channels, we find that both mothers and fathers, particularly fathers, spend more time with their children, and the variety of activities parents engage with them rises. In addition, learning materials at home, such as books, rise. Also, exploring father outcomes, we find evidence of reductions in the schooling and age gaps between partners, implying an increase in women's bargaining power, and suggestive evidence of a rise in fathers' schooling. These findings about father outcomes are consistent with the signicant rise in fathers' involvement with children. |
| Keywords: | maternal education, early child development, parental support for learning |
| JEL: | I26 J13 J24 |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp16328&r=ara |
| By: | Yusuf Emre Akgunduz (Sabanci University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey); Pelin Akyol (Bilkent University, Department of Economics, Ankara, Turkey); Abdurrahman B. Aydemir (Sabanci University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey); Murat Demirci (Koc University, Department of Economics, Istanbul, Turkey); Murat G. Kirdar (Bogazici University, Department of Economics, Istanbul, Turkey) |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the intergenerational effects of maternal education on the development outcomes of 24- to 59-month-old children in Turkey. As the source of exogenous variation in maternal schooling, we use mothers' exposure to the 1997 education reform in Turkey, which extended the duration of compulsory schooling from 5 to 8 years. The data come from the 2018 Turkey Demographic and Health Survey, which has a rich special module on early child development. We find a substantial increase in mothers' educational attainment and a rise in children's readiness to learn. Our finding is novel because it measures readiness to learn at a very young age rather than cognitive skills at later ages, as the previous studies do. We also find suggestive evidence of a positive impact on children's social-emotional development. Examining the channels, we find that both mothers and fathers, particularly fathers, spend more time with their children, and the variety of activities parents engage with them rises. In addition, learning materials at home, such as books, rise. Also, exploring father outcomes, we find evidence of reductions in the schooling and age gaps between partners, implying an increase in women's bargaining power, and suggestive evidence of a rise in fathers' schooling. These findings about father outcomes are consistent with the significant rise in fathers' involvement with children. |
| Keywords: | maternal education, early child development, parental support for learning. |
| JEL: | I26 J13 J24 |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:koc:wpaper:2305&r=ara |
| By: | Ben Yedder, Nadia; El Weriemmi, Malek; Bakari, Sayef |
| Abstract: | The aim of this work is to examine the impact of domestic investment and trade on economic growth in the case of North Africa countries during the period 1990 – 2021 by using Panel CS-ARDL Model. Empirical results indicate that domestic investment and exports don’t have any impact on economic growth in the long run. However, we found that the impact of imports is positive in the long run. These results show that exports and national investments are not considered as a source of economic growth in the country of North Africa over this extended period and suffer from a miserable economic organization and many problems in terms of political and economic instabilities. |
| Keywords: | Domestic Investment, Exports, Imports, Economic Growth, North Africa Countries, CS-ARDL Model. |
| JEL: | E22 F11 F14 O10 O16 O40 O47 O55 |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:117956&r=ara |
| By: | Tulun, Teoman Ertuğrul (Center For Eurasian Studies (AVİM)) |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the commemorations and milestones significant to Turkish history from 1915 to 1923, a tumultuous period of warfare and nation-building marked by the Battle of Gallipoli and the Turkish War of Independence. This research argues that the concerted efforts represent a strategy to defame the Turks and the Republic of Türkiye, serving as a distraction from the notable Turkish victories and establishment of the Turkish Grand National Assembly. Further, the study uncovers recent attempts to construct an overarching narrative of Christian genocide, led predominantly by certain lobby groups and diaspora factions in Western Europe and the USA. This discourse dangerously oversimplifies and distorts historical complexities and is often manipulated for geopolitical gains. Finally, the analysis highlights the significant influence of the Armenian and Greeks lobby in promoting anti-Turkish sentiment. This paper serves to address these distortions and argues for academic scrutiny that is both nuanced and contextually informed. |
| Date: | 2023–06–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:rzgu2&r=ara |
| By: | Kosfeld, Michael; Sharafi, Zahra |
| Abstract: | We provide evidence on the extent to which survey items in the Preference Survey Module and the resulting Global Preference Survey measuring social preferences - trust, altruism, positive and negative reciprocity - predict behavior in corresponding experimental games outside the original participant sample of Falk et al. (2022). Our results, which are based on a replication study with university students in Tehran, Iran, are mixed. While quantitative items considering hypothetical versions of the experimental games correlate significantly and economically meaningfully with individual behavior, none of the qualitative items show significant correlations. The only exception is altruism where results correspond more closely to the original findings. |
| Keywords: | Preference survey module, global preference survey, validation, replication, social preferences |
| JEL: | C81 C83 C90 D01 D03 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:safewp:393&r=ara |
| By: | Facundo Alvaredo (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Denis Cogneau (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Thomas Piketty (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | We assess income inequality across French and British colonial empires between 1920 and 1960, exploiting for the first time income tax tabulations. As measured by top income shares, inequality was high in colonies. Europeans comprised the bulk of top income earners, and only a minority of autochthons could compete income-wise. Top income shares were no higher in settlement colonies, those territories were wealthier and the average European settler was less rich than the average expatriate. Inequality among autochthons was moderate, and inequality among Europeans was similar to that of the metropoles. The post-WWII fall in income inequality can be explained by the one among Europeans, mirroring that of the metropoles, and does not imply that the European/autochthon income gap was very much reduced. After independence, the mass recruitment of state employees induced a large increase in inequality among autochthons. Dualistic structures lost their racial dimension and changed shape, yet persisted. |
| Keywords: | Inequality, Top incomes, Colonialism, Africa, Asia |
| Date: | 2021–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:pseptp:halshs-03324907&r=ara |
| By: | El-Kersh, Mohamed; Atef, Mohamed; Ali, Alaa; Farghaly, Lobna; Abderabuh, Zainab; Abdelradi, Fadi; Abdou, Khaled; Abdelaziz, Ehab; Faris, Victor; Nasr, Saleh; Nassar, Yasmin; Nassar, Zaki; Raouf, Mariam; Wiebelt, Manfred |
| Keywords: | EGYPT, ARAB COUNTRIES, MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA, AFRICA, dates, poultry, olives, medicinal plants, essential oil crops, value chains, public investment, economic impact, models, agrifood systems, poverty reduction, households |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:menapn:135057&r=ara |