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on MENA - Middle East and North Africa |
| By: | Stefano Farolfi (UMR G-EAU - Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - AgroParisTech - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Cirad-ES - Département Environnements et Sociétés - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Emmanuelle Lavaine (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Sylvie Morardet (UMR G-EAU - Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - AgroParisTech - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Oumaima Lfakir (UMR G-EAU - Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - AgroParisTech - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Faten Khamassi (Institut National Agronomique de Tunis (TUNISIE)); Marc Willinger (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | Groundwater resources are a crucial driver of development. Since the 1970s, the expansion of irrigated land on the margins of the existing 'traditional' oases has been encouraged by the Tunisian authorities to enhance local development. As a result, oases in Southern Tunisia are currently facing sustainability concerns. This situation requires alternative water management approaches, in which local actors collaborate and contribute to the design of new rules. To understand Tunisian oasis farmers' perceptions of water rules and public organisations, in 2021, we conducted an online survey in Jemna, an oasis in the Kebili region in Southern Tunisia. The picture that emerged from the online survey is that farmers in extension areas have distinctive characteristics but also similarities with farmers in the traditional oasis. Both types of farmers mainly cultivate date palm (monoculture), and, like farmers in the extensions, many farmers in the traditional oasis have a private borehole. All farmers in the Jemna oasis clearly perceive the limited availability and poor quality of the groundwater resource. However, they do not believe these problems cause conflict among farmers. They consider that, to solve possible conflicts and to ensure better water management in the oasis, collaboration among farmers is more effective than changes to rules issued by existing organisations. These preliminary results, if confirmed, can have important policy implications, as the farmers' perceptions of water rules and organisations, as well as farmers' willingness to collaborate, are crucial for a possible new approach to water management in the oasis. |
| Keywords: | Farmers' perceptions,Public organisations,Rules,Tunisia |
| Date: | 2022–07–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03726258&r= |
| By: | Julide Yildirim; Nadir Öcal; Barış Alpaslan |
| Abstract: | This paper assesses the determinants of provincial public health expenditures for Turkey, taking spatial dimension into account. A general-to-specific approach has been adopted where spatial variations in the relationships have been examined, using the panel data at NUTS3 level for the period 2009-2019. Descriptive spatial exploratory analysis indicates the existence of a significant positive spatial association for provincial GDP per capita, health expenditures, and other explanatory variables. However, the traditional East-West divide shows persistence in income and health indicators. Our empirical results indicate that there is positive spatial interaction with regard to provincial health expenditures. This result corroborates the externality effect of government expenditures. Our results also show the presence of strong path dependency, implying long-term policy stability. According to our findings, it seems that age structure, education level, and urbanization are important determinants of public health expenditures with significant spatial effects. Overall, our empirical results do not support the supply-induced demand theory, but rather indicate that demand side factors are more prominent determinants of central public health expenditures. |
| Keywords: | Provincial public health expenditures; Turkey; Spatial models; Externality hypothesis; Regional governance. |
| JEL: | C23 H51 H75 I10 |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:een:camaaa:2022-44&r= |
| By: | Sdiri, Hanen |
| Abstract: | Using data from the 2020 World Bank Enterprise Survey in Tunisia, we analyze the joint impact of formal and informal institutional constraints on the types of firms’ innovation. Moreover, we were interested in estimating the effect of the interaction between the two institutional constraints on the types of innovation. The main results of the econometric analysis show that the government system constraints have a positive and statistically significant effect on the likelihood of being an imitator. Furthermore, we show that the legal system constraints have a negative effect on the likelihood of being an innovator, but a positive effect on the probability of being an innovation pretender. We find a significant negative direct effect of commercial bribery on firm innovation. Moreover, the results show that the positive (negative) effect of the constraints from the government system (of the constraints from the legal system) on the probability of innovation will be alleviated by commercial bribery. |
| Keywords: | Innovation. Formal Institutions. Informal Institutions. Tunisian firms |
| JEL: | D73 E2 O12 O3 |
| Date: | 2022–05–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:113792&r= |
| By: | Anas Abudaqa; Mohd Faiz Hilmi; Norziani Dahalan |
| Abstract: | Currently, job satisfaction and turnover intentions are the significant issues for oil and gas companies in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). These issues need to be addressed soon for the performance of the oil and gas companies. Thus, the aim related to the current study is to examine the impact of job burnout, emotional intelligence, and job satisfaction on the turnover intentions of the oil and gas companies in the UAE. The goals of this research also include the examination of mediating the influence of job satisfaction alongside the nexus of job burnout and turnover intentions of the oil and gas companies in the UAE. The questionnaire method was adopted to collect the data from the respondents, and Smart-PLS were employed to analyse the data. The results show that job burnout, emotional intelligence, and job satisfaction have a positive association with turnover intentions. In contrast, job satisfaction positively mediates the nexus between job burnout and turnover intentions. These results provide the guidelines to the policymakers that they should enhance their focus on job satisfaction and turnover intentions of the employees that improve the firm performance. |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2208.04843&r= |
| By: | SDIRI, Hanen |
| Abstract: | This study utilizes structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze the extent to which environmental commitment and innovation increase the export intensity of Tunisian firms. Relying on firm-level data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey conducted in 2020, we empirically test how environmental commitment increases export intensity through innovation. This study distinguishes between two types of innovation; product innovation and process innovation. We show that environmental commitment is useful in stimulating both product and process innovation. We find that environmental commitment and product innovation drive exports. Yet, process innovation does not affect exports. Moreover, our results highlight that quality certification interacts with the relationship between environmental commitment and process innovation. The results can help decision-makers understand how environmental commitment represents an important strategy for companies to be more innovative and oriented towards export. |
| Keywords: | Product innovation. Process innovation. Environmental Commitment. Export intensity. Quality certification. Tunisian firms. |
| JEL: | F23 F63 F64 O3 |
| Date: | 2022–07–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:113793&r= |
| By: | Mikhail Miklyaev (Department of Economics, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L3N6 and Cambridge Resources International Inc.); Glenn P. Jenkins (Department of Economics, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L3N6 and Cambridge Resources International Inc.); Precious P. Adeshina (Cambridge Resources International Inc.) |
| Abstract: | The ever-increasing population and a decrease in available fresh water resources have resulted in continued water scarcity globally. The situation is worse in certain areas than others, especially in countries and regions with limited water resources. Being a desert country that lacks many rivers and other natural water resources together with continuous increase in population, Algeria faces significant challenges in accessing fresh water. The gap in the demand and supply of water affects households and agriculture, which significantly depends on irrigation for successful operations. The impact of the water supply deficit is being felt across the country and in major cities, such as Algiers and Oran. Although Algeria has employed desalination technology to meet the water shortage challenge in the past, most of the water produced using the technology has only been able to meet the water needs in the oil and steel industries. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of some of these large-scale investments and assess them in light of their effectiveness in teams of their cost and their ability to meet the water supply shortages in Algeria. |
| Keywords: | Algeria, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Water Desalination, Public Private Partnership (PPP), Water Shortage |
| JEL: | D61 I38 L95 O55 Q25 |
| Date: | 2022–08–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:qed:dpaper:4595&r= |