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on MENA - Middle East and North Africa |
| By: | Ismaïl, Safa |
| Abstract: | Improving health requires necessarily equitable funding. This study focuses on the evolution of health spending in Tunisia. Developments are observed between the years 2000 and 2015. Comparisons are made between Tunisia, other countries from North Africa and Middle East region (MENA) and France as a country with an efficient health insurance system. The results show that health spending in Tunisia is growing steadily, but State funding remains insufficient, which has affected the quality of health care provision in the public health sector. The financing of health in Tunisia is mainly based on out-of-pocket household expenditure, which obstructs the access to health care. |
| Keywords: | Health expenditure; Health financing; Out-Of-Pocket expenditure; Tunisia |
| JEL: | I14 I15 |
| Date: | 2021–02–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:111493&r= |
| By: | Ravshanbek Khodzhimatov; Tolga U. Kuzubas; Burak Saltoglu |
| Date: | 2022–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bou:wpaper:2022/01&r= |
| By: | Simone Bertoli (CERDI - Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur le Développement International - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne); Çağlar Özden; Michael Packard |
| Abstract: | Suitably anonymized mobile phone data can offer new insights on the internal mobility of Syrian refugees in Turkey. We use the data provided by Türk Telekom, one of the major mobile phone companies in Turkey, within the framework of the D4R (Data for Refugees) project to analyze how residential and job market segregation influence the location choices of refugees. |
| Abstract: | Des données anonymisées de téléphonie mobile peuvent offrir de nouvelles perspectives pour comprendre la mobilité des réfugiés syriens en Turquie. Nous utilisons les données fournies par Türk Telekom, l'une des principales sociétés de téléphonie mobile en Turquie, dans le cadre du projet D4R (Data for Refugees) pour analyser comment la ségrégation résidentielle et sur le marché du travail influence les choix de localisation des réfugiés. |
| Keywords: | réfugiés syriens,ségrégation,téléphone mobile,turquie,détail des appels |
| Date: | 2021–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03509742&r= |
| By: | Esra Ozdil Gumus (Boğaziçi University, Turkey) |
| Abstract: | In 2011, 11 May, Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence was signed in Istanbul and Turkey was the first country to sign the Convention which entered into force in 2014, August, by the initiatives of ruling government of Justice and Development Party. The Convention, which is the first binding document on violence against women and domestic violence in the international arena, redefines certain concepts such as woman, domestic violence, violence against woman and gender. This redefinition brought about certain legal amendments and the most prominent one was the No 6284 Law on Protection of Family and Prevention of Violence Against Women. While many feminist NGOs and groups, by drawing attention to the historical and traditional context of the violence, construe the convention as a step towards support and remedial the women’s rights, and supported the Convention, for some conservative groups the Convention became the potent symbol attacks to family institution through the intervening years. Hence, during the writing process of this article, on March 22, 2021, Turkish Republic declared unilateral cancellation by a presidential decree. Yet still, the debates go on. This paper intends to analyze the arguments of conservative groups on the Convention. |
| Keywords: | Conservatism, feminism, family, the Istanbul Convention |
| Date: | 2021–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:smo:lpaper:0054&r= |
| By: | Lahcen Benbihi (LIRSA - Laboratoire interdisciplinaire de recherche en sciences de l'action - CNAM - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM], Université Ibn Zohr [Agadir]); Abdelhaq Lahfidi (Université Ibn Zohr [Agadir]) |
| Abstract: | Abstract: The cooperative model is widely recommended for small producers who wish to integrate into fair trade (ICA, 2020; Nicholls, 2015; Tadros & Malo, 2004). If fair trade certified cooperatives have been able to show significant resistance to the negative effects of the Covid-19 health crisis (Ribeiro-Duthie et al., 2020), how does fair trade certification contribute to the resilience of cooperatives in the context of crises? A case study (Yin, 2018) was carried out with a fair trade certified women's argan oil production cooperative. The cross-analysis of the results shows that the cooperative integrated into the international fair trade network is capable of improving the adaptive capacity of their women members. The results of the research show the reactions of the cooperative to the effects of covid-19 in two levels: at the first level are presented the solidarity and social reactions of the cooperative thanks to the fair trade certification, at the second level are presented the entrepreneurial reactions of the cooperative to maintain the activity of its women members. Research shows that fair trade contributes to improving the resilience of cooperatives through the innovation of solutions to social problems and the guarantee of the best trading conditions allowing the organization to maintain its entrepreneurial activity during the crisis. Keywords: fair trade, social innovation, entrepreneurship, cooperative, resilience. |
| Abstract: | Résumé: Le modèle coopératif est largement recommandé aux petits producteurs qui souhaitent s'intégrer dans le commerce équitable (ICA, 2020; Nicholls, 2015; Tadros & Malo, 2004). Si les coopératives certifiées commerce équitable ont pu montrer une résistance importante aux effets négatifs de la crise sanitaire Covid-19 (Ribeiro-Duthie et al., 2020), comment la certification commerce équitable contribue-t-elle à la résilience des coopératives dans le contexte des crises ? Une étude de cas (Yin, 2018) a été menée auprès d'une coopérative féminine de production de l'huile d'argane certifiée commerce équitable. L'analyse croisée des résultats montre que la coopérative intégrée dans le réseau international du commerce équitable est capable d'améliorer la capacité d'adaptation de leurs femmes membres. Les résultats de la recherche font apparaitre les capacités d'adaptation de la coopérative aux effets de covid-19 en deux niveaux : au premier niveau sont présentés les réactions solidaires et sociales de la coopérative grâce à la certification commerce équitable, au deuxième niveau sont présentés les réactions entrepreneuriales de la coopérative pour maintenir l'activité de ses femmes membres. La recherche montre que le commerce équitable contribue à améliorer la résilience des coopératives à travers l'innovation des solutions aux problèmes sociaux et la garantie des meilleures conditions commerciales permettant à l'organisation de maintenir son activité entrepreneuriale pendant la crise. Mots-clés : commerce équitable, innovation sociale, entrepreneuriat, coopérative, résilience. |
| Date: | 2021–10–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-03502574&r= |
| By: | Abir Khribich (Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, GREDEG, France; Faculty of Economic Sciences and Management of Nabeul, University of Carthage, Tunisia; LEGI, Tunisia Polytechnic School.); Rami H. Kacem (Faculty of Economic Sciences and Management of Nabeul, University of Carthage, Tunisia; LEGI, Tunisia Polytechnic School.); Damien Bazin (Université Côte d'Azur; GREDEG CNRS) |
| Abstract: | The aim of this research is to examine the short and long term impact of social development on the consumption of renewable energy in Tunisia. Our conceptual framework centres on the capacity of individuals to contribute to sustainability, and thereby help prevent risks and increase resilience. We in fact consider the possibility that social development represents an endpoint for sustainable development. Our proposed methodology derives from a Social Development Index (SDI) which is determined by aggregating various indicators associated with social wellbeing. We then use the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to investigate the existence of any causal relationship between social development and renewable energy consumption in the case of Tunisia. Empirical analysis shows that no such relationship exists over the long term (in both directions), but that a short term effect is detected at the 10% level of significance. This implies that additional specific strategies will be required to improve the degree of awareness among Tunisian people about the nationwide transition to renewable energy. Indeed, the empirical finding suggests that decision-makers and political leaders in developing countries such as Tunisia should develop consistent policies to ensure that any issues of uncertainty inherent to the development process are avoided, especially in the light of the current health emergency (Covid-19). |
| Keywords: | ARDL, Capabilities, Causality, Renewable energy, Social development, Tunisia |
| JEL: | C20 Q20 Q28 |
| Date: | 2022–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gre:wpaper:2022-05&r= |
| By: | Ismaïl, Safa |
| Abstract: | Based on WHO threshold, the rate of caesarean section delivery in Tunisia is hight (34%). This paper aims to estimate and analyse the effects of caesarean section determinants in both healthcare sectors: private and public. The use of caesarean section delivery was estimated using a representative sample of 1090 puerperal women extracted from the national household’s survey of budget, consumption, and living standards in 2015. The estimation was performed using logistic regression model. Caesarean section occurrence is much more observed in private facilities. It is associated with different factors in private and in public facilities. In private facilities, advanced maternal age and numbers of antenatal care visits are the main influencing factors. However, in public facilities, caesarean section delivery is higher for women aged above 35, with chronic disease, living in urban areas. Caesarean section occurrence is very high in private facilities without being closely associated to risky deliveries. Policymakers should provide mechanisms of control and reduction of unwanted caesarean sections. |
| Keywords: | Caesarean section; private facilities; public facilities; Tunisia |
| JEL: | I12 I15 |
| Date: | 2022–01–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:111483&r= |
| By: | Mounir Dahmani (Université de Gafsa, Tunisie); Mohamed Mabrouki (Université de Gafsa, Tunisie); Adel Ben Youssef (Université Côte d'Azur, France; GREDEG CNRS) |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes the nexus between consumption of renewable and non-renewables energies, financial development, diffusion of information and communication technology (ICT) and economic growth in the MENA countries. We employ a cross-section augmented autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) modeling approach to analyze the effect of our explanatory variables on economic growth. We find a positive impact of renewable and non-renewable energies on economic growth. Financial development is related negatively to economic growth which may be explained among other things, by a weak financial sector, macroeconomic volatility and financial crises, or the existence of non-linear relationships. We find a positive and statistically significant influence of ICT on GDP. Renewable energies and diffusion of ICT can be considered important determinants of improved economic activity, job creation and create jobs and a better environment. |
| Keywords: | ICT, financial development, renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, MENA, dynamic panel, CS-ARDL |
| Date: | 2021–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gre:wpaper:2021-46&r= |
| By: | Ghalem Benbrika (Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales, (Algérie)); Faouzi Ghidouche (EHEC Algiers - Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales of Algiers - Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales of Algiers) |
| Abstract: | Through our present research, we will try to confirm if our municipalities use territorial governance that encourages participatory democracy, the main goal is to understand the methods and strategies able to create a win-win relationship between administration and administered, a qualitative study of ten municipalities attached to the wilaya of Tizi Ouzou, was realized through a semi-structured interview guide, which allowed us to conclude that a citizen contribution is indeed achievable. |
| Abstract: | A travers notre présente recherche, nous allons tenter de connaitre si nos communes recourent à une gouvernance territoriale qui encourage la démocratie participative, le but est de comprendre les méthodes et les stratégies mises en place pour qu'une relation gagnant-gagnant soit instaurée entre administration et administrés, une étude qualitative de dix communes de la wilaya de Tizi Ouzou, a été réalisée par le biais d'un guide d'entretien semi directif, qui nous a permet de conclure qu'une contribution citoyenne est en effet réalisable. |
| Keywords: | CAPDEL programme.,participative Democraty,territorial gouvernance,Territorial marketing,Programme CAPDEL,Démocratie Participative,Gouvernance Territoriale,Marketing Territorial |
| Date: | 2021–11–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03453933&r= |
| By: | Mouloud Lasbeur (UMMTO - Université Mouloud Mammeri [Tizi Ouzou]) |
| Abstract: | Social Responsibility (CSR) is considered a means of steering actions undertaken in the service of sustainable development, and meeting the needs of present and future generations. To do this, companies adopt the principle of precaution and solidarity between generations and territories. The protection and well-being of consumers are far-reaching issues that are integrated into the social practices of companies, with commitment to the objectives by the ticket of the quality and environmental policy. By analyzing the annual data from 2012 to 2017, we find that the ENIEM by the note of its policy constitutes a continuous improvement in terms of quality and conformity of its products which ensures a broad satisfaction and protection of the consumer, also it contributes to the preservation of the environment in terms of pollution and generation of hazardous industrial waste. In terms of results, the observation shows that the measurement indicators are clearly positive, which puts the company in the process of continuous improvement. Key words: CSR, sustainable development, social practices, quality and environmental policy |
| Abstract: | La Responsabilité Sociale (RSE) est considérée un moyen de pilotage des actions entreprises au service du développement durable, et faire face aux besoins des générations présentes et futures. Pour cela, les entreprises adoptent le principe de précaution et de solidarité entre les générations et les territoires. La protection et le bien-être des consommateurs sont des questions d'une grande envergure qui sont intégrées dans les pratiques sociales des entreprises, avec engagement aux objectifs par le billet de la politique qualité et environnementale. En analysant les données annuelles de 2012 à 2017, nous constatons que l'ENIEM par le billet de sa politique constitue une amélioration continue en termes de qualité et conformité de ses produits qui assure une large satisfaction et protection du consommateur, aussi elle contribue à la préservation de l'environnement en termes de pollution et génération des déchets industriels dangereux. En termes de résultats l'observation montre que les indicateurs de mesure sont nettement positifs, ce qui inscrit l'entreprise dans la démarche d'amélioration continue. |
| Keywords: | RSE,développement durable,pratiques sociales,politique qualité et environnementale |
| Date: | 2021–11–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03455252&r= |
| By: | Kandasamy, Ambika (The Johns Hopkins Institute for Applied Economics, Global Health, and the Study of Business Enterprise) |
| Abstract: | Lebanon is currently facing a financial crisis marked by rising inflation rates and a black-market exchange rate that is significantly diverging day-by-day from the official exchange rate. In this paper, the author dives into Lebanon’s financial history and what actions undertaken by the government since the civil war have led to this crisis. After a thorough examination of the current economy, the author compares Lebanon’s present day financial crisis to the one faced by Bulgaria in the 1990s and concludes that the implementation of a currency board is a viable solution for restoring the strength of the Lebanese pound and ushering in financial stability. |
| Keywords: | currency board; Lebanon; Bulgaria |
| JEL: | E51 G01 |
| Date: | 2021–11–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:jhisae:0197&r= |
| By: | Mouloud Lasbeur (UMMTO - Université Mouloud Mammeri [Tizi Ouzou]) |
| Abstract: | Social Responsibility (CSR) is considered a means of steering actions undertaken in the service of sustainable development, and meeting the needs of present and future generations. To do this, companies adopt the principle of precaution and solidarity between generations and territories. The protection and well-being of consumers are far-reaching issues that are integrated into the social practices of companies, with commitment to the objectives by the ticket of the quality and environmental policy. By analyzing the annual data from 2012 to 2017, we find that the ENIEM by the note of its policy constitutes a continuous improvement in terms of quality and conformity of its products which ensures a broad satisfaction and protection of the consumer, also it contributes to the preservation of the environment in terms of pollution and generation of hazardous industrial waste. In terms of results, the observation shows that the measurement indicators are clearly positive, which puts the company in the process of continuous improvement. |
| Abstract: | La Responsabilité Sociale (RSE) est considérée un moyen de pilotage des actions entreprises au service du développement durable, et faire face aux besoins des générations présentes et futures. Pour cela, les entreprises adoptent le principe de précaution et de solidarité entre les générations et les territoires. La protection et le bien-être des consommateurs sont des questions d'une grande envergure qui sont intégrées dans les pratiques sociales des entreprises, avec engagement aux objectifs par le billet de la politique qualité et environnementale. En analysant les données annuelles de 2012 à 2017, nous constatons que l'ENIEM par le billet de sa politique constitue une amélioration continue en termes de qualité et conformité de ses produits qui assure une large satisfaction et protection du consommateur, aussi elle contribue à la préservation de l'environnement en termes de pollution et génération des déchets industriels dangereux. En termes de résultats l'observation montre que les indicateurs de mesure sont nettement positifs, ce qui inscrit l'entreprise dans la démarche d'amélioration continue. |
| Keywords: | CSR,sustainable development,social practices,quality and environmental policy,RSE,développement durable,pratiques sociales,politique qualité et environnementale |
| Date: | 2021–11–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03453932&r= |
| By: | Sabeen Azam (M. Phil Scholar International Relations Greenwich University) |
| Abstract: | The world is shifting the paradigm of resolving conflicts. The countries are actively participating in resolving the issue and conflict prevailing globally. The platform of UN is considered among the main medium to resolve conflicts internationally. This article is in depth overview of past, present and future perspective of one of the long-existing conflicts of the world. The Palestine conflict is a matter of serious concern for East and West. There is a critical point arises that the Palestine-Israel conflict is a “three-fold test†for the world peace. The conflict till present has gone through many shifts from war to UN resolutions. This conflict is a question mark on the conflict resolution ability of UN. This article argues the test capacity of UN to bring both Palestine and Israel to an accord. The UN’s handling of the matter would have consequences for the organizations standing in the world. |
| Keywords: | Conflict, Palestine, Israel, UN, Resolution |
| Date: | 2021–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:smo:lpaper:0079&r= |
| By: | Louzani Hassiba (Ecole Supérieure de Commerce –Koléa, (Algérie)); Admane Merizek (Ecole Supérieure de Commerce –Koléa, (Algérie)); Berreziga Amina (Ecole Supérieure de Commerce –Koléa, (Algérie)) |
| Abstract: | This research focuses on internal communication in a sample of companies in Algeria, which represents the locomotive of Algerian companies in terms of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility). After considering the role that internal communication plays in the CSR approach of these companies. This communication finally underlines the role of internal communication is essential to promote a CSR approach among all employees, in order to mobilize them and encourage their talents. |
| Abstract: | La présente recherche se focalise sur la communication interne dans un échantillon d'entreprises en Algérie, qui représente locomotif des entreprises Algériennes en matière de la RSE. Après avoir envisagé le rôle qui occupe la communication interne dans la démarche RSE (responsabilité sociétale des entreprises) de ces entreprises. Cette communication souligne finalement le rôle de la communication interne est primordiale pour promouvoir une démarche RSE auprès de l'ensemble des salariés, afin de les mobiliser et encourager leurs talents. |
| Keywords: | Algerian company.,responsible company,Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR),internal communication,entreprise Algérienne,Entreprise responsable,responsabilité sociétale des entreprises(RSE),communication interne |
| Date: | 2021–11–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03453930&r= |
| By: | Phoebe Koundouri; Georgios I. Papayiannis (Athens University of Economics & Business); Achilleas Vassilopoulos; Athanasios Yannacopoulos |
| Abstract: | Food security is a key issue in sustainability studies. In this paper we propose a general framework for providing detailed probabilistic socioeconomic scenarios as well as predictions across scenarios, concerning food security. Our methodology is based on the Bayesian probabilistic prediction model of world population (Raftery et al [10]) and on data driven prediction models for food demand and supply and its dependence on key drivers such as population and other socioeconomic and climate indicators(e.g. GDP, temperature, etc). For the purpose of risk quantification, concerning food security, we integrate the use of recently developed convex risk measures involving model uncertainty (Papayiannis et al [8], [9]) and propose a methodology for providing estimates and predictions across scenarios, i.e. when there is uncertainty as to which scenario is to be realized. Our methodology is illustrated by studying food security for the 2020-2050 horizon in the context of the SSP-RCP scenarios, for Egypt and Ethiopia. |
| Keywords: | food security, probabilistic projections, risk quantification, shared socioeconomic pathways scenarios |
| Date: | 2022–01–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2203&r= |