|
on MENA - Middle East and North Africa |
| By: | Kohnert, Dirk |
| Abstract: | ABSTRACT & RÉSUMÉ & ZUSAMMENFASSUNG : The combined impact of Brexit and the COVID-19 pandemic on British foreign- and trade relations to Israel and its Arab neighbours constitute a particularly sensitive case. A destabilization of these countries could impact seriously stability and security, not just of the Middle-East region, but on the whole world. So far, the preliminary effects are ambivalent. Whereas Britons entertained reasoned hope for a ‘Corona miracle’ and a marvellous economic recovery in 2021, the prospects for Israel, the occupied Palestinian territories, Lebanon, Jordan and Egypt were less rosy. Presumably, Brexit is likely to harm the United Kingdom in the medium and long run. The post-Brexit impact on Israel and its Arab neighbours will be negative as well, but probably only be felt in the medium and long term also. However, the direct and indirect negative effects of the global COVID-19 crisis will by far outdo the Brexit impact. RÉSUMÉ : L'impact combiné du Brexit et de la pandémie de COVID-19 sur les relations étrangères et commerciales britanniques avec Israël et ses voisins arabes constitue un cas particulièrement sensible. Une déstabilisation de ces pays pourrait avoir de graves répercussions sur la stabilité et la sécurité, non seulement de la région du Moyen-Orient, mais du monde entier. Jusqu'à présent, les effets préliminaires sont ambivalents. Alors que les Britanniques nourrissaient un espoir raisonné d'un « miracle de Corona » et d'une merveilleuse reprise économique en 2021, les perspectives pour Israël, les territoires palestiniens occupés, le Liban, la Jordanie et l'Égypte étaient moins roses. Vraisemblablement, le Brexit est susceptible de nuire au Royaume-Uni à moyen et long terme. L'impact post-Brexit sur Israël et ses voisins arabes sera également négatif, mais ne se fera probablement sentir qu'à moyen et long terme également. Cependant, l'effet négatif direct et indirect de la crise mondiale du COVID-19 dépassera de loin l'impact du Brexit. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ZUSAMMENFASSUNG : Die gemeinsamen Auswirkungen des Brexits und der COVID-19-Pandemie auf die britischen Außen- und Handelsbeziehungen zu Israel und seinen arabischen Nachbarn sind ein besonders heikler Fall. Eine Destabilisierung dieser Länder könnte die Stabilität und Sicherheit nicht nur im Nahen Osten, sondern auf der ganzen Welt ernsthaft gefährden. Bisher erscheinen die vorläufigen Effekte ambivalent. Während die Briten begründete Hoffnungen auf ein „Corona-Wunder“ und eine erstaunliche wirtschaftliche Erholung im Jahr 2021 hegen, sind die Aussichten für Israel, die besetzten palästinensischen Gebiete, den Libanon, Jordanien und Ägypten weniger rosig. Vermutlich wird der Brexit dem Vereinigten Königreich mittel- und langfristig schaden. Die post-Brexit Auswirkungen auf Israel und seine arabischen Nachbarn werden ebenfalls negativ s, aber vermutlich ebenfalls nur mittel- und langfristig zu spüren sein. Die direkten und indirekten negativen Effekte der weltweiten COVID-19-Krise werden jedoch die Folgen des Brexits bei weitem übertreffen. |
| Keywords: | Brexit, COVID-19-pandemic, Corona, economic growth, Israel, Palestine, Lebanon, Jordan, Egypt, United Kingdom, international trade, free trade area, customs union, Anglosphere, |
| JEL: | F13 F15 F22 F52 F68 I14 N1 N40 O24 O5 Z13 |
| Date: | 2021–08–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:109100&r= |
| By: | Zineb Debbagh (UIT - Université Ibn Tofaïl); Hassan Azouaoui (UIT - Université Ibn Tofaïl) |
| Abstract: | Events are recognized as catalysts for tourism development and enhancing the image of the destination. Indeed destination marketers view the use of events as territorial marketing tools that contribute to the future success of the destination. The aim of this study is to provide a theoretical understanding and empirical examination of the impact of event image on destination image. We mobilize the theory of image transfer to examine the causal link between festival image and host destination image. Data were collected among 514 tourists who attended music festivals in Morocco and the model was tested using structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results of this study support the positive impact of the event's image on the destination's image and confirm the image transfer from the event to the destination. |
| Abstract: | Les événements sont reconnus comme des catalyseurs de développement touristique et d'amélioration de l'image de destination. En effet, les marqueteurs de la destination voient l'utilisation des événements comme outil de marketing territorial qui contribueront au rayonnement de la destination. L'objectif de ce papier est de fournir une compréhension théorique et un examen empirique de l'impact de l'image de l'événement sur l'image de la destination. Nous mobilisons la théorie du transfert d'image pour examiner le lien de causalité entre l'image du festival et l'image de la destination hôte. Les données ont été collectées auprès de 514 touristes qui ont assisté à des festivals de musique au Maroc et le test du modèle s'est effectué par la modélisation par équations structurelles basée sur la méthode PLS. Les résultats de cette étude soutiennent l'impact positif de l'image de l'événement sur l'image de la destination et confirment le transfert d'image de l'événement vers la destination. |
| Keywords: | Event image,destination image,image transfer,Image de la destination,Image de l’événement,Transfert d'image |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03316268&r= |
| By: | Mahmood, Haider; Alkhateeb, Tarek Tawfik Yousef; Al-Qahtani, Maleeha Mohammed Zaaf; Allam, Zafrul Allam; Ahmad, Nawaz; Furqan, Maham |
| Abstract: | Economic growth is very basic need of any economy but its environmental effects should not be ignored. We investigate the environmental effects of economic growth and energy consumption of Saudi Arabia. The study uses data of a period 1968-2014 and cointegration test and corroborates a long- and short-run relationships. The results indicate that economic growth and energy consumption contributes in CO2 emissions in both long- and short-run. It means that increasing economic growth of the Kingdom has social cost on the economy in terms of pollution emissions. Based on findings, we recommend to use the alternative renewable sources of energy consumption to avoid the pollution effects of growth in Saudi Arabia. |
| Keywords: | Energy Consumption, Economic Growth, Pollution |
| JEL: | Q53 |
| Date: | 2019–11–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:109143&r= |
| By: | Mohammed Belbachir (Université Mohammed V de Rabat [Agdal]); Rachid Zammar (Université Mohammed V de Rabat [Agdal]) |
| Abstract: | Since the emergence of the Covid 19 pandemic, several sectors in the world have been really impacted. Thus, the audiovisual sector in Morocco has suffered greatly from this situation. Recourse to innovative entrepreneurship has become an unavoidable necessity. For this reason, the Moroccan government has introduced a range of financial, legal and administrative measures to revive this sector. With this in mind, our aim in this article is to highlight the interaction between innovative entrepreneurship and the audiovisual sector in Morocco. Thus, this paper aims to dissect to what extent innovative entrepreneurship can impact the audiovisual sector as well as the multiple programs established to promote this sector. In order to formulate a clearer and more exhaustive vision, our study has focused on the National Broadcasting and Television Company (SNRT) being the driving force of this sector in Morocco. To do this, a documentary study was also carried out through scientific developments and analysis of monographs, reports and graphs on this field, especially this company. This documentary analysis has allowed us to confirm the importance of entrepreneurship as a key factor in the revival of the sector's dynamics in the short term. However, given the high cost generated by the introduction of new processes and technologies, the impact of innovation will only be realized after a certain period of time. |
| Abstract: | Depuis l'émergence de la pandémie Covid 19, plusieurs secteurs dans le monde ont été véritablement impactés. Ainsi, le secteur audiovisuel au Maroc a beaucoup souffert de cette conjoncture. Le recours à l'entrepreneuriat innovant devient une nécessité incontournable. Pour cette raison, le gouvernement marocain a instauré une panoplie de mesures d'ordre financier, juridique et administratif afin de relancer ce secteur. Dans cette optique, nous ambitionnons à travers cet article de mettre en relief l'interaction entre l'entrepreneuriat innovant et le secteur audiovisuel au Maroc. Ainsi, ce papier vise à décortiquer à quelle ampleur l'entrepreneuriat innovant peut impacter le secteur audiovisuel ainsi que les multiples programmes établis afin de promouvoir ce secteur. Afin de bien formuler une vision plus claire et exhaustive, notre étude a été focalisée sur la société Nationale de Radiodiffusion et de Télévision (SNRT) étant la locomotive de ce secteur au Maroc. Pour ce faire, une étude documentaire a été également réalisée par le biais des développements scientifiques et des analyses de monographies, des rapports et des graphiques portant sur ce domaine surtout de cette société. Cette analyse documentaire nous a permis de confirmer l'importance de l'entrepreneuriat étant un facteur névralgique de la relance de la dynamique de ce secteur à court terme. Cependant, vu le coût élevé généré par l'introduction de nouveaux procédés et technologies, l'impact de l'innovation se sera concrétisé qu'après une période bien déterminée. |
| Keywords: | audio-visual,Innovation,Entrepreneurship,Morocco,Entrepreneuriat,Audiovisuel,Maroc |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03313583&r= |
| By: | Marouane Daoui; Bouchra Benyacoub (FSJES-Fès - Faculté des Sciences Juridiques, Economiques et Sociales de Fès) |
| Abstract: | In response to the empirical anomalies relating to the use of VAR models in analysing the impact of monetary policy shocks, the Factor-Augmented VAR (FAVAR) models attempt to provide a practical solution. Moreover, these models, based on dynamic factor models (DFM), make it possible to summarize the information present in a large database into a small number of factors common to all the variables. In this paper, we analyse the effects of monetary policy shocks on economic growth using the FAVAR model on a large number of Moroccan macroeconomic time series (117 quarterly time series from 1985Q1 to 2018Q4). First, we present the econometric framework of the FAVAR model, then the data used and their necessary transformations. Next, we determine the number of factors before estimating the model. Then, we focus on the analysis of the impulse response functions of some indicators of economic growth in Morocco. The results of the analysis indicate that, the overall decline in GDP in response to monetary policy shocks suggests that they have a clearly negative impact on economic growth. |
| Abstract: | En réponse aux anomalies empiriques liées à l'utilisation des modèles VAR dans l'analyse de l'impact des chocs de politique monétaire, les modèles VAR augmentés de facteurs (FAVAR) tentent d'apporter une solution pratique. De plus, ces modèles, basés sur des modèles factoriels dynamiques (DFM), permettent de résumer l'information présente dans une grande base de données en un petit nombre de facteurs communs à toutes les variables. Dans ce papier, nous analysons les effets des chocs de politique monétaire sur la croissance économique en utilisant le modèle FAVAR sur un grand nombre de séries temporelles macroéconomiques marocaines (117 séries temporelles trimestrielles de 1985Q1 à 2018Q4). Dans un premier temps, nous présentons le cadre économétrique du modèle FAVAR, puis les données utilisées et leurs transformations nécessaires. Ensuite, nous déterminons le nombre de facteurs avant d'estimer le modèle. Ensuite, nous nous concentrons sur l'analyse des fonctions de réponse impulsionnelle de certains indicateurs de la croissance économique au Maroc. Les résultats de l'analyse indiquent que, la baisse globale du PIB en réponse aux chocs de politique monétaire suggère que ceux-ci ont un impact clairement négatif sur la croissance économique. |
| Keywords: | Monetary policy shocks,Economic growth,Dynamic factor model,FAVAR,Morocco |
| Date: | 2021–03–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03277727&r= |
| By: | Eddie Nebie (UCD - Université Chouaib Doukkali); Elmoukhtar Tbitbi (UH2MC - Université Hassan II [Casablanca]) |
| Abstract: | Empirical studies have shown that board characteristics influence the choice of capital structure in listed and unlisted companies. This paper aims to add to the existing literature on corporate governance and capital structure decisions in listed companies in Morocco by examining the relationship between board characteristics and capital structure. The paper uses a panel of data from 53 Moroccan nonfinancial listed companies from 2015 to 2019. In order to properly examine this relationship, correlation analysis and multiple linear regression (OLS) are performed between the dependent and independent variables. This study found that the percentage of female board members, the size of the board of directors as well as company-specific variables such as asset tangibility and company size have a significant influence on capital structure decisions. However, the empirical results of the relationships are only statistically significant in the case of board size and the proportion of women on the board. While the presence of independent directors and CEO duality show no effect on capital structure. It is clear from the study that corporate governance structures influence the financing decisions of listed Moroccan firms. However, this study has limitations that could lead to future research in terms of choice of variables and statistical method. |
| Abstract: | Des études empiriques ont montré que les caractéristiques du conseil d'administration influencent le choix de la structure du capital des sociétés cotées et non cotées. Cet article vise à enrichir la littérature existante sur la gouvernance d'entreprise et les décisions relatives à la structure du capital dans les sociétés cotées en bourse au Maroc en examinant la relation entre les caractéristiques du conseil d'administration et la structure du capital. Le document utilise un panel de données de 53 sociétés non financières marocaines cotées en bourse, soit 424 observations, de 2015 à 2019. Afin d'examiner correctement cette relation, une analyse de corrélation et une régression linéaire multiple (MCO) sont réalisées entre les variables. Cette étude a montré que le pourcentage de femmes membre du conseil d'administration, la taille du conseil d'administration ainsi que les variables propres aux entreprises, telles que la tangibilité des actifs et la taille de l'entreprise, ont une influence significative sur les décisions relatives à la structure du capital. Toutefois, les résultats empiriques des relations ne sont statistiquement significatifs que dans le cas de la taille du conseil d'administration et de la proportion de femmes dans le conseil d'administration. Tandis que la présence des administrateurs indépendants et la dualité du PDG ne présentent aucun effet sur la structure du capital. Il ressort clairement de l'étude que les structures de gouvernance d'entreprise influencent les décisions de financement des entreprises marocaines cotées. Cependant, cette étude présente des limites qui pourraient conduire à des recherches futures en termes de choix de variables et méthode statistique. |
| Keywords: | Performance,Territorial management,Governance,Territorial communities,Management territorial,Gouvernance,Collectivités territoriales |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03312629&r= |
| By: | Yusuf Emre Akgunduz; Seyit Mumin Cilasun; H. Ozlem Dursun-de Neef; Yavuz Selim Hacihasanoglu; Ibrahim Yarba |
| Abstract: | This paper exploits the COVID-19 pandemic as a negative shock on firm revenues in affected industries and studies the transmission of this shock via banks. We use the ex-ante heterogeneity in the amount of loans issued to affected industries to measure the variation in banks' exposure to the negative shock. Using bank-firm level credit register data from Turkey, we show that banks transmitted the negative shock with a reduction in their loan supply not only to affected but also unaffected industries. The effect persists at the firm level, but is reduced for large firms and firms with existing relationships to state-owned banks. |
| Keywords: | Bank loan supply, Economic shocks propagation, COVID-19 pandemic, Bank lending channel, Firm borrowing channel |
| JEL: | G01 G21 G28 G32 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tcb:wpaper:2124&r= |
| By: | Ouail Kharraz (UAE, ENCG Tanger -Groupe de recherche "Management & Systèmes d'information"-); Yassine Boussenna (GRMSI - UAE, ENCG Tanger -Groupe de recherche "Management & Systèmes d'information"- - UAE, ENCG Tanger -Groupe de recherche "Management & Systèmes d'information"-) |
| Abstract: | The huge amount of information in our daily life and the continuous work to organize and use it in the best possible way has led to the emergence of knowledge management. This work has two main objectives, first we test the existence of a correlation relationship between the application of knowledge management and organizational performance of Abdelmalek Essaadi University, and secondly, we verify the moderating role of organizational culture on the intensity of this relationship, by collecting the views of the Abdelmalek Essaadi University teacher-researchers, through a hypothetico-deductive reasoning approach and a quantitative working method. Our questionnaire was administered to a representative sample of 88 teacher-researchers from the different institutions of the university under study. The results obtained show a strong correlation between knowledge management and organizational performance. Also, the results confirm the moderating and positive role of organizational culture, on the intensity of the relationship between the application of the K.M and (Training, research, publication, and governance) as indicators of organizational performance retained in this work for the university in question. |
| Keywords: | organizational culture,knowledge management,organizational performance |
| Date: | 2021–07–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03312376&r= |
| By: | Zineb Debbagh (UIT - Université Ibn Tofaïl); Hassan Azouaoui (UIT - Université Ibn Tofaïl) |
| Abstract: | In a tourism destination, tourists are the main factor and what matters is to attract them. Therefore, in the competitive context of tourism destinations, those who can create, enhance and differentiate their image are more successful as they improve their popularity, reputation, and ability to attract more tourists in the future. Hence, we can infer that the image of the destination is one of effective marketing tools to attract more tourists. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of destination images on behavioral intentions. More specifically, we investigate the impact of cognitive and affective destination image on intentions to revisit and recommend the destination among past tourists. Data were collected from 249 tourists who visited the city of Essaouira and the model was tested using structural equation modeling based on the PLS method. The results of this study is to support the positive impact of the destination image on behavioral intentions. |
| Keywords: | Behavioral intention,Tourism,Marketing,Destination,Image |
| Date: | 2021–07–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03316260&r= |
| By: | Orhun Sevinc |
| Abstract: | Using administrative data covering the economic geography of Turkish manufacturing firms I show that density increases a location’s productivity through both typical firm productivity and stronger association of firm size and productivity—a measure of within-sector allocative efficiency. IV estimates suggest a density elasticity of allocative efficiency that accounts for about one third of the overall impact of density on productivity. A model with decreasing returns to scale and convex cost of avoidance from the burden of regulations can explain the estimated density-allocative efficiency relationship on the grounds that denser locations provide lower degree of internal diseconomies. |
| Keywords: | Density, Allocative efficiency, Cities in developing economies |
| JEL: | R10 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tcb:wpaper:2125&r= |
| By: | Safae Ed-Douadi (Ecole Nationale de Commerce et de Gestion Tanger - UAE - Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi); Chafik Bakour (Ecole Nationale de Commerce et de Gestion Tanger - UAE - Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi) |
| Abstract: | In light of the changes experienced by the internal audit function, mainly that linked to the extension of its scope marked by the transition from the private sector to the public sector, another challenge for the function arises. is about its ability to be effective. The effectiveness of internal auditing, admittedly a concept that has started to receive special attention in the literature, but so far there is no consensus among researchers as to the best framework for the effectiveness of internal audit, and the factors that affect it. In this regard, the objective of this article is to propose a theoretical framework of internal audit effectiveness which includes: stakeholder theory, strategic actor theory, institutional theory and communication theory, as well as to propose a conceptual model, based on the logic of the four theories and on the literature, which assumes the existence of an influencing relationship between four factors (characteristics of listeners, support from senior management, quality of the internal audit function, the auditor-auditee relationship) and the effectiveness of the internal audit. |
| Abstract: | À la lumière des évolutions qu'a connues la fonction audit interne, principalement celle liée à l'extension de son champ d'application marqué par le passage du secteur privé au secteur public, un autre défi pour la fonction se présente, il s'agit de sa capacité à être efficace. L'efficacité de l'audit interne, certes que c'est un concept qui a commencé à faire l'objet d'une attention particulière de la littérature, mais jusqu'à présent, il n'existe pas de consensus entre les chercheurs quant au meilleur cadre pour l'efficacité de l'audit interne, et aux facteurs qui l'affectent. À cet égard, l'objectif du présent article est de proposer un cadre théorique d'efficacité de l'audit interne qui inclut : la théorie des parties prenantes, la théorie de l'acteur stratégique, la théorie institutionnelle et la théorie de communication, ainsi que de proposer un modèle conceptuel, en se basant sur la logique des quatre théories et sur la littérature, qui présume l'existence d'une relation d'influence entre quatre facteurs (caractéristiques des auditeurs, le soutien de la haute direction, la qualité de la fonction audit interne, la relation auditeurs audités) et l'efficacité de l'audit interne. |
| Keywords: | IA effectiveness,Factors of effectiveness,Public sector,Audit interne,Efficacité d'AI,Facteurs d'efficacité,Théories d'efficacité d'AI,Secteur public |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03312856&r= |
| By: | Omar Lamrani (Laboratory of Applied Economics, Agdal FSJES, Mohammed V University); Rachid Zammar (Laboratory of Applied Economics, Agdal FSJES, Mohammed V University) |
| Abstract: | In terms of management and during the last ten years, the implementation of a management control system in large organizations has become an essential fact insofar as the latter facilitates decision-making techniques and removes the company's compartmentalization and allows managers to have a precise vision of the flow of information in order to make the right decisions at the right time. However, management control affects even SMEs; but on the other hand, small or medium-sized growing companies require distinct management approaches compared to large companies. They must adapt to a set of contingent variables such as strategy, technology, structure, culture as well as the environment in which they evolve, especially since SMEs are characterized by the vision, ambitions and motivations of the manager, and the latter relies on his intuition and judgment to make decisions and definitively refuses to delegate or to resort to an integrated management control system. This investigation is combined with deductive reasoning that leads to the confrontation of the theoretical framework and the formulated hypotheses. This article is based on a sample of 40 small and medium-sized companies with staff ranging from 10 to 150. The purpose of this article is to provide readers with recent and relevant information on the subject relating to the interest and the place occupied by the management control within the Moroccan SMEs and more particularly on the Casablanca Settat region. The information collected was analyzed using SPSS software. However, the objective of this article is to show to what extent the implementation of a management control department can have an impact on the increase of the performance of Moroccan SMEs. Our results reveal that SME managers are in need of implementing a management control system in order to improve performance which is associated with the good management of management control tools. |
| Abstract: | En matière de management et durant les dix dernières années l'implémentation d'un système de contrôle de gestion dans les grandes organisations est devenue un fait primordial dans la mesure où ce dernier facilite les techniques décisionnelles et écarte les cloisonnements de l'entreprise et permet aux dirigeants d'avoir une vision précise des flux d'informations afin de prendre les bonnes décisions au moment opportun. Or , le contrôle de gestion affecte même les PME, mais en revanche les petites ou moyennes entreprises en croissance nécessitent des approches de gestion distinctes par rapport aux grandes entreprises, ils doivent s'approprier à un ensemble de variables contingentes telles que la stratégie, la technologie, la structure , la culture ainsi que l'environnement dans lequel elles évoluent surtout que les PME sont particularisées par la vision, les ambitions et les motivations du dirigeant, et ce dernier se fie à son intuition et jugement pour prendre des décisions et refuse définitivement de déléguer ou de recourir à un système de contrôle de gestion intégré. Cette enquête est combinée à un raisonnement déductif qui conduit à la confrontation du cadre théorique et des hypothèses formulées. Cet article est basé sur un échantillon de 40 petites et moyennes entreprises avec des effectifs allant de 10 à 150. Le but de cet article est de fournir aux lecteurs des informations récentes et pertinentes sur le sujet relatif à l'intérêt et la place qu'occupe le contrôle de gestion au sein des PME marocaines et plus particulièrement sur la région Casablanca Settat. Les informations recueillies ont été analysées par le logiciel SPSS. Toutefois l'objectif de cet article est de montrer à quelle ampleur la mise en place d'un département contrôle de gestion peut avoir un impact sur l'accroissement de la performance des PME marocaines. Nos résultats révèlent que les dirigeants des PME sont dans la nécessité d'implanter un système de contrôle de gestion afin d'améliorer la performance qui est associée à la bonne gestion des outils du contrôle de gestion. |
| Date: | 2021–07–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03312972&r= |
| By: | Rania El Modni (Laboratory of Finance, Audit and Organizational Governance Research); Mounime Elkabbouri (Laboratory of Finance, Audit and Organizational Governance Research) |
| Abstract: | Regardless of their structure and form (public/private), organizations are often faced with structural choices. These choices can be the result of their history, their activity, the people involved or the strategies pursued. At each stage, managers have to make structural choices that allow them to be in the best possible configuration to be effective. Therefore, these sports organizations must have a structure that allows them to ensure the best possible coordination between departments. The objective of this paper is to identify structural models and examine the relationship between structure and efficiency in Moroccan soccer clubs. The three organizational design parameters: formalization, centralization, and specialization were examined to determine the structural patterns of Moroccan soccer clubs. The study was carried out with a sample of 15 Moroccan sports clubs. A total of 72 staff members responded to an online survey. The results found show the presence of two structural models: the divisional structure and the functional structure. The MANCOVA procedures showed differences between clubs in terms of sports performance. There is a significant difference between clubs with a functional structure and those with a divisional structure in sports performance, with clubs with a divisional structure generally performing significantly better than those with a functional design because football clubs choose to orient their structure according to the basic criteria of specialization, centralization and formalization. |
| Keywords: | Structure,Effectiveness,Formalization,Centralization,Specialization,Football clubs. |
| Date: | 2021–07–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03312913&r= |
| By: | Yaya, OlaOluwa S; Adekoya, Oluwasegun B.; Babatunde, Oluwagbenga T. |
| Abstract: | The infant mortality rates in 45 Asian countries (1960-2018), obtained from the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis database, are investigated using the I(d) framework, which allows for simultaneous estimation of the degree of persistence and nonlinearities in infant mortality rates as well as their growth rates. A high degree of persistence in the decreases of mortality rate is found with nonlinear evidence in the majority of the cases, confirming nonlinear dynamics of mortality rates. In the growth of mortality rates, we find ten countries (Armenia, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Kuwait, Myanmar, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and UAE) with evidence of mean reversion. Health management in those listed countries needs to kick start interventions that improve the survival rates of infants. |
| Keywords: | Infant mortality rate; Death rate; Fractional persistence; Nonlinearity; Asia |
| JEL: | C22 C40 D60 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:109368&r= |
| By: | Kafle, Kashi; Balasubramanya, Soumya |
| Abstract: | Frequent droughts and rapidly depleting groundwater reserves have deepened the water scarcity crisis in Jordan. Even though most farms use ‘water-saving’ technologies, groundwater depletion continues at an alarming rate. We investigate how perceptions of physical water availability in the past are related to farmers’ current irrigation behaviour – frequency of irrigation and methods used in determining irrigation need. Using primary data from a survey of 414 commercial farms in Mafraq and Azraq governorates, we find that respondents who perceived reduction in physical water availability and faced agricultural losses in the past irrigated more frequently and were more likely to use self-judgement in determining irrigation need. These relationships were more pronounced for smaller farms, farms with sandy soil, mono-cropping farms and farms where the owner was the manager. These effects were lower for farms that preferred internet-based and in-person approaches for receiving irrigation advice. In addition, while the frequency of irrigation was higher among stone-fruit farms, the probability of using self-judgement in determining irrigation need was higher in olive farms and vegetable farms. We argue that farmers’ irrigation behaviour must be considered for groundwater management policy and planning in Jordan. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Security and Poverty |
| Date: | 2021–08–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:unadrs:313230&r= |
| By: | Kirdar, Murat G. (Bogazici University); Cruz, Ivan Lopez (Sabanci University); Türküm, Betül (European Economic Institute) |
| Abstract: | Most studies examining the impact of migrants on crime rates in hosting populations are in the context of economic migrants in developed countries. However, we know much less about the crime impact of refugees in low- and middle-income countries—whose numbers are increasing worldwide. This study examines this issue in the context of the largest refugee group in any country—Syrian refugees in Turkey. Although these refugees are much poorer than the local population, have limited access to formal employment, and face partial mobility restrictions, we find that total crime per person (including natives and refugees) falls due to the arrival of the refugees. This finding also applies to several types of crime; the only exception is smuggling, which increases due to the population influx. We also show that the fall in crime does not result from tighter security; we find no evidence of a change in the number of armed forces (military and civil personnel) in the migrant-hosting regions. |
| Keywords: | refugees, crime, security, immigration-crime nexus, civil war |
| JEL: | J15 K42 D74 |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp14647&r= |
| By: | Bouchra Benyacoub (USMBA - Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah); Marouane Daoui (USMBA - Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah) |
| Abstract: | By using a database of 117 quarterly series (from 1985: Q1 to 2018: Q4), we explore in this paper the advantages of combining the benefits of dynamic factor models (the inclusion of a large number of variables) and error correction models (the inclusion of along-run or cointegrating relationships) as the factor augmented error correction model (FECM). Indeed, the main objective is to examine the effects of monetary policy shocks on economic growth in Morocco using the FECM. In order to assess the informational contribution of non-stationarity in dynamic factor modeling, the results obtained by the FECM model are compared to those obtained by the factor augmented vector autoregression (FAVAR) model. The results suggest that the FECM, which exploits information from non-stationary variables, is an empirically important extension of the FAVAR for modeling monetary policy shocks. |
| Abstract: | En utilisant une base de données de 117 séries trimestrielles (allant de 1985 : T1 à 2018 : T4), nous explorons dans cet article les avantages de combiner les bienfaits des modèles à facteurs dynamiques (tenir compte d'un grand nombre de variables) et ceux des modèles à correction d'erreur (tenir compte des relations de long terme ou de cointégration) sous forme du modèle à correction d'erreur augmentés de facteurs (FECM). En effet, l'objectif principal est d'examiner les effets des chocs de la politique monétaire sur la croissance économique au Maroc en utilisant le modèle FECM. Afin d'évaluer la contribution informationnelle de la nonstationnarité dans la modélisation à facteurs dynamiques, les résultats obtenus par le modèle FECM sont comparés à ceux obtenus par le modèle vectoriel autorégressif augmenté de facteurs (FAVAR).Les résultats suggèrent que le modèle FECM, qui exploite l'information provenant de variables non stationnaires, constitue une extension empiriquement importante du modèle FAVAR pour la modélisation des chocs de la politique monétaire. |
| Keywords: | FECM,FAVAR,Dynamic factor model,Economic growth,Monetary policy shocks,Impulse responses,Morocco,Chocs de politique monétaire,Croissance économique,Modèle à facteurs dynamiques,Réponses impulsionnelles,Maroc |
| Date: | 2021–07–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03315795&r= |
| By: | Serdar Erkilic; Hakan Husnu Toprak; Eda Altuntas Dursun; Yahya Kocakale |
| Abstract: | [TR] Bu calismada, vadeli dis ticaret kaynakli ihracat alacaklari ve ithalat borclarindan olusan ticari kredi verilerinin kalitesinin artirilmasi amaciyla Turkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankasitarafindan kullanilan veri derleme yonteminin firma duzeyindedogrudan raporlama sistemi ile degistirilmesi sureci ele alinmakta, orneklem seciminde kullanilan yontem ve zaman serilerinin uretilmesine dair ayrintilar paylasilmaktadir. Derlenen yeni veriler, ihracat alacaklarini yukari yonlu, ithalat borclarini ise asagi yonlu etkilemistir. Resmi istatistik uretimindeonemi giderek artan mikro veri kullanimi ve dogrudan raporlama yontemi ile elde edilen veriler sonucu,Turkiye’nin ithalat borclarinin toplam ithalata orani gelismis ve gelismekte olan ulkelerin ortalama ve medyan degerlerine yakinsamistir. Notta ayrica,uluslararasi metodolojiye uyum kapsaminda menkul kiymetlerin sahiplik taniminda ve kisa vadeli dis borclardaki yurt disi yerlesiklerin mevduatlarinin vade ayriminda yapilan degisikliklere iliskin de bilgi verilmekte, soz konusucalismalarin;Kisa Vadeli Dis Borc, Uluslararasi Yatirim Pozisyonu, Finansal Kesim Disindaki Firmalarin Doviz Varlik ve Yukumlulukleri, Turkiye Brut Dis Borc Stokuve odemeler Dengesi istatistiklerine etkileri ozetlenmektedir. [EN] This study discusses the process of replacing the previousdata collection method used by the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey with direct reporting method at companylevel to improvethe quality of trade credit and advances data due toexports, and imports, and shares the details of the method used in sample selection and production of time series. The newly compiled data have affected export receivablesupwards and import payables downwards. Due to use of direct reporting and micro data that has increasingly becomeimportant in the compilation of official statistics, the ratio of Turkey's import payables to total imports converges to the average and median ratios of developed and emergingcountries. The note also provides information on the methodological change regarding the ownership of debt securities within the scope of compliance withinternational methodology and maturity breakdown of non-residents'deposits in Short -Term External Debtwhile summarizing the effect of these aforementioned studies on the Short-Term External Debt, the International Investment Position, the Foreign Exchange Assets and Liabilities of Non-Financial Companies, the Gross External Debt Stock of Turkey and the Balance of Payments Statistics |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tcb:econot:2103&r= |