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on MENA - Middle East and North Africa |
| By: | Lydia Assouad (PSE - Paris School of Economics - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - ENS Paris - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, WIL - World Inequality Lab); Amory Gethin (PSE - Paris School of Economics - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - ENS Paris - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, WIL - World Inequality Lab); Thomas Piketty (PSE - Paris School of Economics - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - ENS Paris - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, WIL - World Inequality Lab); Juliet-Nil Uraz (EUI - European University Institute) |
| Abstract: | This paper draws on political attitudes surveys to document the evolution of political cleavages in light of inequality dynamics in Algeria (2002-2018), Iraq (2005-2018), and Turkey (1991-2018). We investigate how social divides and ethno-religious conflicts shape voting behaviors in these three countries through their interaction with the voting system and the structure of inequalities. Our findings suggest that identity-based voting remains highly interconnected with social disparities and does not offer extensive explanatory power on its own, except in the extreme case of the Iraqi sectarian political system. Socioeconomic factors play a differentiated role depending on the historical and institutional context and have increasingly been at the heart of popular mobilizations outside of the electoral arena. |
| Date: | 2021–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wilwps:halshs-03215898&r= |
| By: | Panza, Laura |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the impact of the disruption of the Ottoman Empire on the integration of regional and colonial commodity markets in the Near East during 1923-1939. Exploiting a novel dataset on quarterly wholesale prices in interwar Syria, Egypt, Turkey, France and the UK, it tests for cointegration and quantifies the magnitude and speed of price convergence across markets using VECMs. The results indicate that while regional market disintegrated, colonial market linkages strengthened, despite the anti-global environment of the interwar era. |
| Keywords: | cointegration; Colonial linkages; Interwar era; market integration; Near East |
| JEL: | N75 N95 |
| Date: | 2020–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:15434&r= |
| By: | Caria, Stefano; Gordon, Grant; Kasy, Maximilian; Quinn, Simon; Shami, Soha; Teytelboym, Alex |
| Abstract: | We introduce a novel adaptive targeted treatment assignment methodology for field experiments. Our Tempered Thompson Algorithm balances the goals of maximizing the precision of treatment effect estimates and maximizing the welfare of experimental participants. A hierarchical Bayesian model allows us to adaptively target treatments. We implement our methodology in Jordan, testing policies to help Syrian refugees and local jobseekers to find work. The immediate employment impacts of a small cash grant, information and psychological support are close to zero, but targeting raises employment by 1 percentage-point (20%). After four months, cash has a sizable effect on employment and earnings of Syrians. |
| Date: | 2020–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:15359&r= |
| By: | Asik, Günes; Karakoç, Ulas; Pamuk, Sevket |
| Abstract: | This study examines the evolution of regional income inequalities and its causes within present day borders of Turkey since 1880. We construct indices for value added per capita for agriculture, industry and services as well as GDP per capita for each of the 58 administrative units for about one dozen benchmark years. For the recent period since 1987, we make use of the official series for the same 58 units. We find that the overall trend from the 1910's to the present has been convergence for the country as a whole. We also find an inverse U shaped pattern for the regional disparities in Turkey since 1880. While all other regions began to move towards country averages, the differences between the East and the rest of the country persisted and even increased. Our comparisons also suggest that regional disparities in Turkey have been and are still larger than those in European countries of similar size such as Italy, France and Spain. Problems of endogeneity make it difficult to establish causality at this stage of the research. Nonetheless, we are able to offer an interpretation consistent with our empirical findings. We argue that not a single cause but a combination of causes led by geography, structural change, industrialization and agglomeration economies, and ethnic conflict and demographic movements are behind this pattern for the country as a whole and for the fact that the East has continued to lag behind. |
| Keywords: | Ethnic Conflict; Industrialization; Ottoman Empire; Regional Development; Regional inequalities; Turkey |
| JEL: | N14 N15 N94 N95 O18 O53 O54 R12 |
| Date: | 2020–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:15304&r= |
| By: | Fendoglu, Salih; Gulsen, Eda; Peydró, José Luis |
| Abstract: | We show that global liquidity limits the effectiveness of local monetary policy on credit markets. The mechanism is via a bank carry trade in international markets when local monetary policy tightens. For identification, we exploit global (VIX, U.S. monetary policy) shocks and loan-level data -the credit and international interbank registers- from a large emerging market, Turkey. Softer global liquidity conditions attenuate the pass-through of local monetary policy tightening on loan rates, especially for banks with more access to international wholesale markets. Effects are also important for other credit margins and for risk-taking, e.g. riskier borrowers in FX loans or defaults. |
| Keywords: | banks; carry trade; emerging markets; Global financial cycle; monetary policy |
| JEL: | F30 G01 G15 G21 G28 |
| Date: | 2020–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:15273&r= |
| By: | Bouarar, Ahmed Chemseddine; Mouloudj, Kamel; Mouloudj, Smail |
| Abstract: | The COVID-19 pandemic is still taking its toll on all aspect of human life and on all sectors of the global economy without any exception, perhaps among its most perceptible effects was its impact on the tourism sector as banning flight, and restricting mobility and travel were among the first measures that were meant to curb the propagation of the virus. Therefore the aim of the study is to shed light on the impact that COVID-19 pandemic has inflicted and still inflicting on tourism sector, in a bid to fulfill the purposes of the study we conducted an analytical study, the scale of the analysis was of an international level, with special focus on some of the best worldly recognized touristic destinations, along with alluding to the case of Algeria, the study concluded that the tourism sector in countries featuring high dependency on tourism revenues are affected most by the pandemic, while in Algeria the impact of the pandemic on the tourism sector was relatively weak since Algerian’s revenues from tourism are very low. Finally, the study suggested a set of recommendations for Algerian government to lessen the impact of corona virus on tourism sector. |
| Keywords: | Coronavirus; Crises; Hospitality; International Tourism |
| JEL: | I1 L8 L83 |
| Date: | 2020–08–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:107784&r= |
| By: | Anas Aboutaoufik (UIT - Université Ibn Tofaïl); Ghizlane Salam (UH2MC - Université Hassan II [Casablanca]) |
| Abstract: | Le monde où nous vivons est en perpétuel changement, et l'un des moteurs fondamentaux de ce changement est l'information. Aujourd'hui, les TIC nous offrent plusieurs opportunités et alternatives qui façonnent notre manière de voir et de faire les choses. Ces technologies sont constituées par l'ensemble de toutes les techniques et dispositifs mis en place pour collecter, transmettre, échanger, stocker et traiter des informations. Elles permettent un traitement plus rapide dans des intervalles de temps très brefs, de sillonner le temps et l'espace en transmettant des messages de manière quasi instantanée entre des interlocuteurs (serveurs) distants, et de mémoriser un cumul pratiquement illimité de données. Au cœur de cette mutation, l'internet n'est pas le seul cheval de bataille, cette transformation digitale repose sur des supports bien tangibles qu'intangibles. L'économie mondiale, qui a subit également cette transformation digitale, se déroule à une vitesse vertigineuse. Nous parlons aujourd'hui d'économie digitale, ou l'économie numérique, qui révolutionne l'approche économique classique. Alors, qu'est-ce que l'économie digitale ? C'est l'activité économique qui résulte de milliards de connexions quotidiennes en ligne, entre les personnes, les entreprises, les appareils, les données et les processus. L'épine dorsale de l'économie numérique est l'hyper connectivité qui signifie une interconnexion croissante des personnes, des organisations et des machines qui résulte de l'Internet, de la technologie mobile et de l'Internet des objets (IoT). Elle prend forme et sape les notions conventionnelles sur la façon dont les organisations sont structurées : comment les organisations interagissent et comment les agents économiques obtiennent des services, des informations et des biens ? Ce travail vise à dresser une analyse des principales réalisations marquées par l'économie numérique au Maroc sur les cas de PortNet et BADR, tout en mettant en lumières les principaux défis et enjeux dans les années à venir. |
| Keywords: | dématérialisation.,PORTNET,BADR,économie digitale,économie numérique,administration |
| Date: | 2021–04–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-03215800&r= |