|
on MENA - Middle East and North Africa |
| By: | Raquel Tebaldi (IPC-IG) |
| Abstract: | "Social protection is typically recognised as an important policy instrument for addressing idiosyncratic shocks, but recently several studies have sought to investigate how social protection systems can also be resilient and respond to covariate shocks. Informed by this growing body of evidence, the main objective of this study is to identify opportunities and challenges for enhancing shock-responsiveness in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, by analysing the cases of Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, State of Palestine, Sudan, Syria and Yemen". (...) |
| Keywords: | Building, shock-responsive, national, social protection, systems, MENA |
| Date: | 2019–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:oparab:417&r=all |
| By: | International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth (IPC-IG) (IPC-IG) |
| Abstract: | "Syria shares borders with Turkey, Iraq, Jordan, Israel and Lebanon. In 2016 the country had a population of 18.4 million, of whom almost half (8.2 million) were under 18 years old and 2 million were children under the age of 5. In 2010, Syria had a Human Development Index (HDI) of 0.646, placing the country in the medium human development category. Since the beginning of the civil war in 2011, however, living standards and the security situation have deteriorated steadily, with the HDI falling to 0.536 in 2015. Moreover, income levels have decreased drastically: 85.2 per cent of the population now live in poverty, and 69.3 per cent in extreme poverty, unable to secure the basic food and nonfood items necessary for survival". (...) |
| Keywords: | Non-contributory, social protection, child, equity, lens, Syria |
| Date: | 2018–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:oparab:406&r=all |
| By: | International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth (IPC-IG) (IPC-IG) |
| Abstract: | "Tunisia is a lower-middle-income country in Northern Africa bordering Libya, Algeria and the Mediterranean Sea. In 2016 the total population of Tunisia was 11.4 million people, of whom 28 per cent were younger than 18 years and 9 per cent were under the age of 5. With a Human Development Index of 0.725, which is above the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) regions average of 0.704, Tunisia ranks 97th out of 188 countries. The country is characterised by a wide disparity between the coastal and the interior regions, reflected in significantly higher rates of poverty and food insecurity in the interior regions, rural zones and the east". (...) |
| Keywords: | Non-contributory, social protection, child, equity, lens, Tunisia |
| Date: | 2018–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:oparab:407&r=all |
| By: | Carolina Bloch (IPC-IG) |
| Abstract: | "Social protection policies can help address the multifaceted nature of child poverty and improve childrens well-being, especially in the areas of education, health and nutrition. Providing adequate social protection to children is particularly relevant in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), as multidimensional child poverty remains a major concern in the region. Moreover, a large share of the population of MENA will soon transition into their most productive age, clearing the way for a demographic dividend. This demographic transition presents a unique opportunity for economic growth in the region, due to its larger-than-usual share of working-age adults". (...) |
| Keywords: | Fiscal space, child-sensitive, social protection, MENA |
| Date: | 2019–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:oparab:427&r=all |
| By: | Nillesen, Eleonora (UNU-MERIT); Grimm, Michael (University of Passau); Goedhuys, Micheline (UNU-MERIT); Reitmann, Ann-Kristin (University of Passau); Meysonnat, Aline (UNU-MERIT) |
| Abstract: | We use an implicit association test (IAT) to measure implicit gender attitudes and examine the malleability of these attitudes using a randomized field experiment and quasi-experimental data from Tunisia. Women that appear most conservative respond to a randomized video treatment by reducing their implicit gender bias. Also, female interviewers invite more conservative responses to the IAT, especially among the male subsample. Perceived religiosity of the interviewer affects self-reported gender attitudes, but not IAT measures, suggesting social desirability may be at work. We discuss the implications of our findings for the use of implicit measures in development research. |
| Keywords: | women empowerment, implicit association test, interviewer effects, Middle East and North Africa |
| JEL: | C83 D91 O12 |
| Date: | 2019–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp12471&r=all |
| By: | International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth (IPC-IG) (IPC-IG) |
| Abstract: | "The United Arab Emirates (UAE) comprises seven Emirates (Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al-Khaimah, Sharjah and Umm al-Quwain), bordering Oman to the east and Saudi Arabia to the south. In 2016 the total population was 9.2 million people, of whom 5 per cent under the age of 5 and 16.6 per cent under the age of 18. In 2013, immigrants constituted more than 83 per cent of the total population, with the majority of migrant workers being of South and South-East Asian descent. Children born to Emirati women married to non-Emirati men can only acquire citizenship when applying for it at the age of 18". (...) |
| Keywords: | Non-contributory, social protection, child, equity, lens, United Arab Emirates |
| Date: | 2018–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:oparab:409&r=all |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | Improved fiscal management and economic diversification have strengthened the resilience of Morocco’s economy in recent years. Yet, economic growth, at 3 percent in 2018, has not been robust enough and unemployment remains high, especially among the youth. This reinforces the need for sustaining the recent momentum in reforms toward higher and more inclusive growth, buttressed by the private sector. Key priorities include improving the quality of the education system, the functioning of the labor market, female labor force participation, and the business environment. Since 2012, the Fund has been actively engaged with Morocco through four two-year Precautionary Liquidity Line (PLL) arrangements, the last one approved in December 2018. |
| Date: | 2019–07–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:19/230&r=all |
| By: | Jana Kuhnt; Ramona Rischke; Anda David; Tobias Lechtenfeld |
| Abstract: | Countries hosting large numbers of refugees often face immense challenges in providing sufficient economic opportunities, and access to basic services. Competition over limited resources can lead to tension and conflict between host and refugee populations. Increases in social tensions have typically been associated with limited social cohesion and inclusion. Jordan is a case in point: with a population of 7.6 million, the country was hosting more than 650,000 Syrian refugees in 2016, most of whom lived in urban areas. To this end, this article explores perceptions of social cohesion among youth (age 18-35) as well as short-term changes over the past two years. Using novel data from an online survey, the article presents evidence of a modest decrease in overall social cohesion in Jordan. At the same time however, young people want to be actors of change and have a clear desire for more civic participation in their communities. Frequently mentioned barriers are a lack of public spaces and limited knowledge regarding possibilities to more actively engage. The results further point to opportunities to strengthen social cohesion between host and refugee youth by supporting joint programs by age and interest, as identities of young people are less driven by nationality, ethnicity or religion, and primarily by age group and interest. While quite encouraging, these findings underscore the importance of further monitoring changes in social cohesion over time. |
| Date: | 2017–12–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:got:gotcrc:243&r=all |
| By: | Ghassan, Hassan B.; Guendouz, Abdelkarim |
| Abstract: | Several studies on the banking sector have shown that Islamic banks are more financially robust and stable compared to conventional banks, mostly in periods of financial crises. The aim of this research is to measure and compare the level of stability between Islamic and conventional banks in Saudi Arabia using quarterly data. The sample covers around two-thirds of banks operating in the Saudi stock market, and data comprises the last global financial crisis. The panel data model shows that Islamic banks relatively reduce the financial stability index; meanwhile, they contribute efficiently to enhance financial stability through the diversification of their assets. According to our findings Riyad Bank and SAMBA positively impact the financial stability, while Al-Rajhi bank has a positive but moderate role in enhancing the banking stability. As well, the Saudi banking sector exhibits a weak competitiveness which negatively impact the banking stability. Consequently, the limited presence of Islamic banks in the Saudi banking sector menaces any efforts to improve the financial stability. |
| Keywords: | Islamic Banks, Financial Crisis, Financial Stability, Z-score Model, Saudi Arabia. |
| JEL: | C12 C23 G21 G28 G33 |
| Date: | 2018–02–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:95239&r=all |
| By: | Mirko Draca, Jason Garred, Leanne Stickland, and Nele Warrinnier |
| Abstract: | How successful are sanctions at targeting the economic interests of political elites in affected countries? We study the efficacy of targeting in the case of Iran, using information on the stock exchange-listed assets of two specific political entities with substantial influence over the direction of Iran’s nuclear program. Our identification strategy focuses on the process of negotiations for sanctions removal, examining which interests benefit most from news about diplomatic progress. We find that the stock returns of firms owned by targeted political elites respond especially sharply to such news, though other listed firms unconnected to these elites also benefit from progress towards sanctions relief. These results indicate the ‘bluntness’ of sanctions on Iran, but also provide evidence of their effectiveness in generating economic incentives for elite policymakers to negotiate a deal for sanctions relief. |
| JEL: | F51 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lic:licosd:41319&r=all |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | A subdued recovery unfolds amid economic imbalances and political uncertainty. Growth reached 2.6 percent in 2018, but the unemployment rate persisted above 15 percent. The current account deficit widened to 11.2 percent of GDP on the back of higher oil prices. Inflation has recently stopped its upward trend, but still stood at 6.9 percent in April. Strong revenue performance reduced the fiscal deficit to 4.6 percent of GDP in 2018 from 6.0 percent in 2017 and created space for higher investment and social outlays. All but two Quantitative Performance Criteria and four of the nine Structural Benchmarks for the Fifth Review were met. |
| Date: | 2019–07–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:19/223&r=all |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | Forty years of upheaval has eroded physical and human capital and weakened public institutions. Social conditions remain harsh following the war with ISIS, with slow progress at reconstruction, weak public services and a lack of job opportunities. The recent rebound in oil prices helped deliver a large budget surplus and healthy build-up in reserves in 2018, but post-war recovery has been sluggish. The SDR 3.8 billion ($5.3 billion) Stand-by Arrangement approved in 2016 expires in July. |
| Date: | 2019–07–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:19/248&r=all |
| By: | Charlotte Bilo (IPC-IG); Anna Carolina Machado (IPC-IG) |
| Abstract: | "While increased attention is being paid to the role of social protection in improving human development indicators, especially among children, it is important to remember that access to social protection is not just a matter of policies but one of rights, as enshrined in several international human rights instruments, including the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Child. A human rights-based approach to social protection envisions social protection programmes anchored in a system of rights, clearly establishing citizens' entitlements and corresponding obligations for the State. The analysis of whether and how such programmes are incorporated into national laws is an important entry point to advance children's rights". (...) |
| Keywords: | Children, right, social protection, Middle East, North Africa, analysis, legal, frameworks, child, rights, perspective |
| Date: | 2018–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:oparab:408&r=all |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | Selected Issues |
| Date: | 2019–07–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:19/231&r=all |
| By: | Firano, Zakaria; Filali adib, Fatine |
| Abstract: | This paper proposes an evaluation of intersectorial contagion risk through the analysis of the network of the intersectorial expositions, on the one hand, and the implementation of the approach of the contingent claims analysis (CCA) on the other hand. From this point of view, the matrix of the intersectorial expositions was approximated and of the indicators of centrality, resulting from the network analysis, were estimated. Then, using the CCA, which rises from the pricing theory of the options, the indicators of risk were calculated for each sector, in particular, the distance to the default, probability of default and the leverage ratio. The results obtained confirm that the financial and non-financial companies are the most systemic institutional sectors being able to constitute a principal channel of contagion. Lastly, an estimate of the joint and the conditional probabilities of default of the economic sectors was carried out, while taking as a starting point the work by Goodhart and al (2009) and by using the Archimedean copulas. |
| Keywords: | systemic risk, contagion, financial stability. |
| JEL: | D14 G1 G2 |
| Date: | 2019–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:95343&r=all |
| By: | International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth (IPC-IG) (IPC-IG) |
| Abstract: | "The Republic of Yemen is located at the tip of the Arabian Peninsula. Its estimated population in 2016 was 27.5 million people, of whom 47 per cent (12.9 million) were under 18 years old and 15 per cent (4 million) were under 5. Yemen's Human Development Index (0.482) is the second lowest in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, after Djibouti. Escalating conflict has driven the country into a severe humanitarian crisis. It is estimated that more than 20 million people need humanitarian assistance, including 11.3 million children". (...) |
| Keywords: | Non-contributory, social protection, child, equity, lens, Yemen |
| Date: | 2018–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:oparab:410&r=all |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | Selected Issues |
| Date: | 2019–07–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:19/249&r=all |
| By: | Hertog, Steffen |
| JEL: | N0 R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2019–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:101249&r=all |
| By: | Centre International de Politiques pour la Croissance Inclusive (IPC-IG) (IPC-IG) |
| Abstract: | "Située en Afrique du Nord, voisine de la Libye, de l'Algérie et de la mer Méditerranée, la Tunisie est un pays à revenu intermédiaire de la tranche inférieure. Sa population totale s'élevait en 2016 à 11,4 millions d'habitants, dont 28 et 9 pour cent étaient respectivement âgés de moins de 18 et de 5 ans. Son indice de développement humain (IDH) s'élève à 0,725 ; supérieur à la moyenne du Moyen-Orient et de l'Afrique du Nord (région MENA, de l'anglais Middle East and North Africa), il place le pays au 97e rang sur 188. Les profondes disparités existant entre les régions côtières et intérieures se traduisent par des niveaux de pauvreté et d'insécurité alimentaire significativement plus élevés en milieu rural, dans l'intérieur et à l'est du pays. La Tunisie a lancé un processus de reconstruction de l'État après la révolution de 2011, mais se trouve encore confrontée à des défis sécuritaires et économiques majeurs. Les conflits qui secouent la Libye et la Syrie menacent par ailleurs la stabilité du pays, dont les tensions sociales sont également alimentées par les inégalités de revenu". (...) |
| Keywords: | Protection sociale, non contributive, examinée, angle, enfance, équité , Tunisie |
| Date: | 2018–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:opfran:407&r=all |
| By: | Carolina Bloch (IPC-IG) |
| Abstract: | "Les politiques de protection sociale peuvent agir sur la nature multidimensionnelle de la pauvreté des enfants et améliorer ainsi leur bien-être, notamment dans les domaines de l'éducation, de la santé et de la nutrition. La fourniture d'une protection sociale adéquate aux enfants s'avère particulièrement nécessaire au Moyen-Orient et en Afrique du Nord (région MENA, de l'anglais Middle East and North Africa), où la pauvreté multidimensionnelle reste un sujet de préoccupation majeur. L'entrée prochaine d'une grande partie de la population dans sa tranche d'âge la plus productive pourrait en outre permettre à la région de bénéficier d'un dividende démographique. Dans le cadre d'une telle transition, la part inhabituellement élevée d'adultes en âge de travailler pourrait en effet générer une croissance économique inédite dans la région". (...) |
| Keywords: | Espace budgétaire, protection sociale, enfants, MENA |
| Date: | 2019–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:opfran:427&r=all |
| By: | Centre International de Politiques pour la Croissance Inclusive (IPC-IG) (IPC-IG) |
| Abstract: | "La République du Yémen occupe la pointe de la péninsule arabique. En 2016, sa population a été estimée à 27,5 millions d'habitants, dont 47 pour cent (12,9 millions) et 15 pour cent (4 millions) étaient respectivement âgés de moins de 18 et de 5 ans. Seulement suivi par Djibouti, le Yémen enregistre un indice de développement humain de 0,482 qui le place à l'avant-dernier rang du Moyen-Orient et de l'Afrique du Nord (région MENA, de l'anglais Middle East and North Africa). L'escalade des conflits a plongé le pays dans une grave crise humanitaire ; on estime en effet que plus de 20 millions de Yéménites ont besoin d'aide humanitaire, dont 11,3 millions d'enfants". (...) |
| Keywords: | Protection sociale, non contributive, examinée, angle, enfance, équité, Yémen |
| Date: | 2018–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:opfran:410&r=all |
| By: | Abdellatif BOUAZZA (Professeur de l’Enseignement Supérieur - Université Mohammed V de Rabat – Faculté des Sciences Juridiques, Economiques et Sociales Souissi, Maroc); Youssef NAFIL (Doctorant Chercheur - Université Mohammed V de Rabat – Faculté des Sciences Juridiques, Economiques et Sociales Souissi, Maroc) |
| Abstract: | Role of Social Innovation in Socioeconomic Development in Morocco: First Findings from the Literature, and 4 Case Studies of Socially Innovative Associations Innovation has always been a concept related to science and technology. For Schumpeter, the founding father of innovation, it is a means at the service of economic performance in businesses. He also considers that any innovation, even scientific or technological, has a social character. This character has grown over the decades, as innovation has also become capable of addressing social, human and 5 environmental challenges. This “Socialization” process of innovation gave birth to Social Innovation in the 1970s in an environment characterized by new social demands and profound economic and political changes. The goal of Social Innovation is to find new ways (goods, services, ideas ...) to satisfy social needs unmet by the market and / or the State, for the benefit of disadvantaged individuals and groups. In Morocco, the situation is not better. The country is currently suffering from serious problems in all domains: growing social inequalities, progressive reduction of the State's efforts in some important social domains like education and health… which lead to several claims and citizens movements that sometimes express new social demands. These claims, if not taken seriously into consideration, can destabilize the country and put in danger its social cohesion already in a breakdown. Therefore, it is a question of appealing to new alternative models of territorial development, and to base them on principles and practices of Social Innovation. In this context, we will try to know what role Social Innovation plays in socio-economic development in Morocco, from the exploration of the existing literature, and the realization of 4 case studies of socially innovative associations in Morocco. |
| Keywords: | Social Innovation, Socioeconomic Development, Morocco, Social Impact, Associations, Social Entrepreneurship |
| JEL: | L31 |
| Date: | 2019–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crc:wpaper:1907&r=all |
| By: | Raquel Tebaldi (IPC-IG) |
| Abstract: | "Si la protection sociale est couramment considérée comme un instrument de politique essentiel pour répondre à des chocs spécifiques, plusieurs études se sont récemment penchées sur la capacité des systèmes de protection sociale à faire preuve de résilience et à répondre à des chocs covariables. À la lumière de ce corpus croissant d'informations, la présente étude a pour principal objectif d'identifier les moteurs et les freins d'une meilleure réactivité des systèmes en place au Moyen-Orient et en Afrique du Nord (région MENA, de l'anglais Middle East and North Africa) en analysant les cas de l'Égypte, de l'Irak, de la Jordanie, du Liban, de l'État palestinien, du Soudan, de la Syrie et du Yémen". (...) |
| Keywords: | Mettre, place, systèmes, nationaux, protection sociale, capables, répondre, région MENA |
| Date: | 2019–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:opfran:417&r=all |
| By: | Centre International de Politiques pour la Croissance Inclusive (IPC-IG) (IPC-IG) |
| Abstract: | "Voisins d'Oman à l'est et de l'Arabie saoudite au sud, les Émirats arabes unis (EAU) se composent de sept Émirats (Abou Dabi, Dubaï, Charjah, Oumm al Qaïwaïn, Ajman, Ras el Khaïmah et Fujaïrah). Sa population totale s'élevait en 2016 à 9,2 millions d'habitants, dont 16,6 et 5 pour cent âgés respectivement de moins de 18 et de 5 ans. En 2013, les immigrés représentaient plus de 83 pour cent de la population totale et la majorité des travailleurs migrants étaient originaires d'Asie du Sud et du Sud-Est. Les enfants nés de ressortissantes mariées à des non-ressortissants ne peuvent acquérir la nationalité qu'en la demandant à partir de dix-huit ans". (...) |
| Keywords: | Protection sociale, non contributive, examinée, angle, enfance, équité, Émirats arabes unis |
| Date: | 2018–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:opfran:409&r=all |
| By: | Amara, Tijani; Mabrouki, Mohamed |
| Abstract: | The global financial crisis has induced a series of failures of most conventional banks. This study investigates the main sources of banking fragility. We use a sample of 49 banks operating in the Tunisian over the period 2006-2015 to analyze the relationship between credit risk and liquidity risk and its impact on bank stability. Our results show that credit risk and liquidity risk do not have an economically meaningful reciprocal contemporaneous or time-lagged relationship. However, both risks separately affect bank stability and their interaction contributes to bank instability. These findings provide bank managers with more understanding of bank risk and serve as an underpinning for recent regulatory efforts aimed at strengthening the joint risk management of liquidity and credit risks. |
| Keywords: | Credit risk ; Liquidity risk ; Bank stability ; Z-Score |
| JEL: | C01 G00 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:95453&r=all |
| By: | Amara, Tijani; Mabrouki, Mohamed |
| Abstract: | The evolution of the banking regulatory environment in recent years raises many questions about the effectiveness of prudential measures and the relevance of the legal system in this new landscape. The Cooke ratio, replaced in 2003 by the Mc Donough ratio, has since become an international benchmark for banks. Banks that are less risky and comply with prudential standards are solvent. Thus, with their compliance with prudential standards, Tunisian commercial banks are relatively safe from risks. From a sample of 10 commercial banks between 2007 and 2015, we studied the impact of compliance with prudential standards on the solvency of the banking institution. To do this, we based on the studies of Kefi and Maraghni (2011). Indeed, we have made estimates on panel data, these results show that the ratio of liquidity, interest rate risk ratio and Return on assets have positive and significant effects on the risk coverage ratio. |
| Keywords: | Commercial Banking, Banking Risk, Risk Coverage Ratio, Prudential Regulation, Solvency, Panel Data |
| JEL: | C01 G00 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:95455&r=all |