|
on MENA - Middle East and North Africa |
| By: | International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth (IPC-IG) (IPC-IG) |
| Abstract: | "Kuwait is an oil-rich country in the Middle East bordered by Iraq, Iran and Saudi Arabia. Its strategic location and substantial oil reserves make it one of the highest-income Gulf countries. In 2016 the country's population was estimated at 4,052,000, of whom 316,000 were under the age of 5 and 988,000 were under the age of 18. About one third of the population are Kuwaiti nationals, while the other two thirds are expatriates and migrant workers. Poverty estimates for Kuwait are not publicly available, but with an Human Development Index of 0.800 in 2015 (above the Middle East and North Africa regions average of 0.704), the country is considered to have 'very high' human development and is in 51st place out of 188 countries globally". (...) |
| Keywords: | Non-contributory, social protection, child, equity, lens, Kuwait |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:oparab:392&r=ara |
| By: | International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth (IPC-IG) (IPC-IG) |
| Abstract: | "Libya neighbours Tunisia, Algeria, Niger, Chad, Sudan and Egypt, and is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north. In 2016 the country had a population of over 6 million people, of whom 33 per cent were under 18 and 10 per cent were under 5 years old. Libya used to be one of the most developed non-Gulf Cooperation Council economies in the region, with gross national income of USD12,440 per capita in 2010. Due to the ongoing conflict, oil production?the country's leading source of income?has decreased significantly, causing GDP to drop by half compared to pre-2011 levels and gross national income per capita to fall to USD4,730 (as in 2011). Between 2010 and 2015, Libya's HDI fell from 0.756 to 0.716, placing it 102nd out of 188 countries. Given the lack of recent official statistics, Libyas poverty rate is uncertain. Using the 2003 national poverty line, the World Bank estimated it at 14.4 per cent in 2015". (...) |
| Keywords: | Non-contributory, social protection, child, equity, lens, Libya |
| Date: | 2018–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:oparab:395&r=ara |
| By: | International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth (IPC-IG) (IPC-IG) |
| Abstract: | "With a population of over 80 million, the Islamic Republic of Iran is the second most populous country in the MENA region (after Egypt). More than 22 million people are under 18 years of age?27 per cent of the population. Iran's Human Development Index (HDI) was 0.774 in 2015, putting the country in the 'high human development' category. Iran has a long history of providing asylum to refugees. It is estimated that up to 3.5 million Afghans?many second or third generation?as well as some 30,000 Iraqi refugees reside in the country". (...) |
| Keywords: | Non-contributory, social protection, child, equity, lens, Iran |
| Date: | 2018–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:oparab:387&r=ara |
| By: | International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth (IPC-IG) (IPC-IG) |
| Abstract: | "The Republic of Iraq shares its largest land borders with Iran, Syria and Saudi Arabia. Of its total 37.2 million inhabitants, 5.7 million (15.4 per cent) are children under the age of 5, and 17.46 million (46 per cent) are below the age of 18. Despite being classified as an upper-middle-income country, Iraqs Human Development Index (HDI) of 0.649 is below the regional average for the Middle East (0.704) and ranks 121st of 188 countries". (...) |
| Keywords: | Non-contributory, social protection, child, equity lens, Iraq |
| Date: | 2018–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:oparab:388&r=ara |
| By: | International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth (IPC-IG) (IPC-IG) |
| Abstract: | "The Republic of Sudan is a multi-ethnic country located in the north-eastern part of sub-Saharan Africa. In 2016 the country's population was estimated at 39.57 million, the fourth largest in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, with 66 per cent living in rural areas. Much like Iraq, Palestine, Syria and Yemen, nearly half of Sudan's population are under the age of 18, and 5.9 million are children under age 5. The country has one of the lowest Human Development Indexes in the world (0.490, ranked 165th out of 188 countries), placing it below the MENA regional average of 0.704. In 2009, 46.5 per cent of the population lived under the national poverty line. Regional disparities are severe, with rural areas experiencing the highest levels of poverty: 57.6 per cent of the rural population are classified as poor". (...) |
| Keywords: | Non-contributory, social protection, child, equity, lens, Sudan |
| Date: | 2018–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:oparab:404&r=ara |
| By: | International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth (IPC-IG) (IPC-IG) |
| Abstract: | "The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is the largest Arab State in the Persian Gulf region. Along with other Member States of the Gulf Cooperation Council, Saudi Arabia's rapid economic growth contributed to significant social advancements. The country achieved most of the Millennium Development Goals and a very high Human Development Index of 0.847?the second highest in the region after Qatar. Despite considerable progress, regional and gender disparities are important social concerns that have yet to be addressed. Saudi Arabia's total population stands at 32.2 million, of whom 9.6 million (29.8 per cent) are under 18 and 2.9 million (9.2 per cent) are under the age of 5, according to estimates for 2016. In 2016, migrant workers and their families, as well as Syrian and Yemeni refugee communities, accounted for a third of the country's population (11.7 million people)". (...) |
| Keywords: | Non-contributory, social protection, child, equity, lens, Saudi Arabia |
| Date: | 2018–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:oparab:402&r=ara |
| By: | International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth (IPC-IG) (IPC-IG) |
| Abstract: | "With over 91 million inhabitants, Egypt is the most populous country in the MENA region. Two fifths of the population are younger than 18, and 12 million of those are under the age of 5. Egypt has been experiencing accelerated population growth in recent years due to rising fertility rates. It is considered to have a medium level of human development, and is ranked 111th out of 188 countries. Many households are experiencing food insecurity due to increased inflation. Youth unemployment remains high (32 per cent, compared to 13 per cent among the total adult population), affecting young women in particular (38 per cent, as in 2015)". (...) |
| Keywords: | Non-contributory, social protection, child, equity, lens, Egypt |
| Date: | 2018–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:oparab:386&r=ara |
| By: | International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth (IPC-IG) (IPC-IG) |
| Abstract: | "The State of Palestine (SOP) is situated in the Near East Region and has a fragmented territory, divided into two main areas: the Gaza strip, on the Mediterranean coast, and the West Bank, on the border with Jordan. The SOP has a total population of 4.5 million people, of whom 2.2 million (49 per cent) are under the age of 18 and 700,000 (15 per cent) are younger than 5. The SOP has the highest fertility rates in the MENA region: 4.11 births per woman, and had a Human Development Index of 0.684 in 2015, compared to an average of 0.704 in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. In 2011, 25.8 per cent of the Palestinian population was reported to live under the national poverty line, an income of ILS2,293 (USD637) per month for an average household. The situation in Gaza is particularly worrisome, with a poverty rate of 39 per cent, compared to 16 per cent in the West Bank in 2015". (...) |
| Keywords: | Non-contributory, social protection, child, equity, lens, Palestine |
| Date: | 2018–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:opager:403&r=ara |
| By: | International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth (IPC-IG) (IPC-IG) |
| Abstract: | "Morocco is a lower-middle-income country in North Africa. In 2016 its population was estimated at 35.27 million, of whom 10 per cent (3.5 million) are under the age of 5 and 32 per cent (11.4 million) are under the age of 18. Although its poverty rate fell from 15.3 per cent in 2001 to 4.8 per cent in 2014, regional disparities remain a cause for concern, since 74 per cent of the poorest population are concentrated in only 5 of the 12 regions. Moroccos Human Development Index was 0.647 in 2015, which is above the average for countries in the medium human development group". (...) |
| Keywords: | Non-contributory, social protection, child, equity, lens, Morocco |
| Date: | 2018–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:oparab:396&r=ara |
| By: | International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth (IPC-IG) (IPC-IG) |
| Abstract: | "Lebanon is a middle-income country bordered by Syria and Israel, with an estimated population of 6 million people in 2016, of whom approximately 0.4 million are children under 5 years of age and 1.7 million are under 18. According to data from the 2011 Household Budgetary Survey, the national poverty rate in the country was 27 per cent, with remarkable regional disparities: 16 per cent in Beirut, but as high as 38 per cent in Bekaa and 36 per cent in North Lebanon". (...) |
| Keywords: | Non-contributory, social protection, child, equity, lens, Lebanon |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:oparab:393&r=ara |
| By: | International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth (IPC-IG) (IPC-IG) |
| Abstract: | "The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is a lower-middle-income country in the central region of the Middle East. In 2016 the country had an estimated total population of 9.45 million people. Children under the age of 18 accounted for 41 per cent of the population (3.9 million), while those under the age of 5 accounted for 12.9 per cent (1.2 million). With a Human Development Index of 0.741, Jordan ranked 86th in terms of human development globally. However, poverty rates remain relatively high, with 14.4 per cent of the population living below the national poverty line. Jordan has one of the highest unemployment rates in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, and young people are disproportionately affected". (...) |
| Keywords: | Non-contributory, social protection, child, equity, lens, Jordan |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:oparab:391&r=ara |
| By: | International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth (IPC-IG) (IPC-IG) |
| Abstract: | "Oman is located on the south-eastern edge of the Arabian Peninsula, bordering Saudi Arabia, the UAE and Yemen. The country is part of the six high-income Gulf nations and has a population of approximately 4.5 million, of which 1.1 million (25 per cent) are under the age of 18 and 0.4 million (9 per cent) are under the age of 5. Fertility rates declined from 7.2 in 1990 to 2.7 in 2015. Due to a high volume of immigration, only slightly more than 50 per cent of the total population are Omani nationals". (...) |
| Keywords: | Non-contributory, social protection, child, equity, lens, Oman |
| Date: | 2018–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:oparab:397&r=ara |
| By: | Sajjad. F. Dizaji (Tarbiat Modares University); Mohammad Reza Farzanegan (University of Marburg) |
| Abstract: | This study focuses on short and long-term effects of sanctions on military spending in Iran. Utilizing the annual data from 1960 to 2017 and the auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) model, we show that the increasing intensity of sanctions dampen the military budget of Iran. By separating unilateral sanctions (where only the United States sanctions Iran) and multilateral sanctions (where, the United States acts in conjunction with other countries to sanction Iran), we show that only the latter class of sanctions have a statistically significant and negative impact on military spending of Iran. The negative effects of the multilateral sanctions on military budget are observed in both the short and long run time horizons. The results remain robust when controlling for other determinants of military spending such as gross domestic product (GDP), oil rents, trade openness, population, quality of political institutions, military expenditure of the Middle East region, non-military spending of government and the war period with Iraq. |
| Keywords: | sanctions; military spending; Iran; ARDL |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mar:magkse:201831&r=ara |
| By: | Fredj Fhima (Institute of Higher Economic Studies ? University of Sousse) |
| Abstract: | The positive relationship between well-functioning banking systems and economic growth is both empirically evidenced and theoretically underpinned with advances in endogenous growth theory. This issue again attracts attention since the financial crisis of 2008. Recent works highlight that banking and financial performance does not depend only on factors specific to the financial system; it is also affected by the quality of institutions. As policy makers battle to establish the good institutional environment for stable banking activity providing more effective intermediation of capital, corruption may prove a major hindrance. It may drive some borrowers such as small firms without bank connections to drop investment with positive impact and thus reducing their growth, while borrowers with such ties may have easier access to funding. The supply of funds to banks? connected parties may be associated with higher default rates and lower average recovery rates than non-connected ones, which could therefore destabilize the banking system. In as much as the stability of the banking system is a basis of economic stability and an important pre-condition for sustained growth it is a core objective for economic regulators and supervisors. This paper explores the impact of corruption on the stability of the banking sector and thereby on economic growth, using an unbalanced panel of aggregate data from 17 countries in the Middle Est and North Africa (MENA) region over the period 2008-2015. This region proves relevant upon several grounds. In fact, the key anti-corruption indexes show very high corruption levels in many countries across the region compared to global averages. Furthermore, in 2011 some MENA countries experienced upheavals, the Arab Spring that was partially driven by the demand to stop corruption. However, interim governments, continuing conflict, prevailing nepotistic networks and uncertain political futures still characterize many of these countries; effects of the 2011 events on the scope and nature of corruption in this region are unclear, making very appealing the studies addressing corruption challenges in MENA countries in pursuit of stability and growth in this region. Estimating the various models with the three-stage least squares (3SLS) estimator assess for direct and indirect impact of corruption upon banking stability and economic growth, respectively. According to estimates, corruption favors the occurrence of non-performing loans and deteriorates the stability of banks. Corruption has an indirect and negative effect on economic growth: it harms economic growth by taxing private investment and encouraging the flow of capital towards non-productive uses. |
| Keywords: | Banking Stability; Corruption; Economic Growth; MENA Region; Non-Performing Loans |
| JEL: | D73 G21 O47 |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:8209472&r=ara |
| By: | Jamal Bouoiyour (CATT - Centre d'Analyse Théorique et de Traitement des données économiques - UPPA - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour); Amal Miftah (LEDa - DIAL - Laboratoire d'Economie de Dauphine - Economie de la mondialisation et du développement - Université Paris-Dauphine) |
| Abstract: | This article attempts to assess empirically the impact of remittances on household expenditure and relative poverty in Morocco. We apply propensity score matching methods to the 2006/2007 Moroccan Living Standards Measurement Survey. We find that migrants' remittances can improve living standards among Moroccan households and affect negatively the incidence of poverty. The results show a statistically significant and positive impact of hose remittances on recipient households' expenditures. They are also significantly associated with a decline in the probability of being in poverty for rural households; it decreases by 11.3 percentage points. In comparison, this probability decreases by 3 points in urban area. |
| Keywords: | Poverty,Remittances,Propensity score matching,Morocco |
| Date: | 2018–09–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01880337&r=ara |
| By: | Jamal Bouoiyour (CATT - Centre d'Analyse Théorique et de Traitement des données économiques - UPPA - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour); Amal Miftah (LEDa - DIAL - Laboratoire d'Economie de Dauphine - Economie de la mondialisation et du développement - Université Paris-Dauphine) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we examine the effect of migrants' remittances on poverty and inequality. The survey data were collected in Morocco, in the rural areas of the region Souss-Massa-Draa. By applying an original approach, we estimate the counterfactual income of remittance-recipient households corresponding to a hypothetical value of its average income calculated for a scenario without remittances; this is then compared with its current income. We find that the poverty rate and the vulnerability of non-poor households are significantly dropped due to remittances. Our findings also suggest that remittance inflows have increased income inequality compared to the no-migration counterfactual situation. |
| Keywords: | Remittances,Poverty,Income distribution,Morocco |
| Date: | 2018–09–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01880333&r=ara |
| By: | Jamal Bouoiyour (CATT - Centre d'Analyse Théorique et de Traitement des données économiques - UPPA - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour); Amal Miftah (LEDa - DIAL - Laboratoire d'Economie de Dauphine - Economie de la mondialisation et du développement - Université Paris-Dauphine) |
| Abstract: | Using a nationally-representative household data set from Morocco, the present study seeks to estimate the effects of migrants' remittances on household investments in children's human capital. Three findings emerge. First, children in remittance-receiving households are more likely to attend school and less likely to drop out compared with those in non-remittance-receiving households. Second, children's participation in labor market decreases in the presence of international remittances. Third, we find remittances to be associated with significantly lower level of no schooling for girls. These findings support the growing view that remittances can help increase the educational opportunities, especially for female children. |
| Keywords: | Child labor,Education,Gender inequality,Remittances,Morocco |
| Date: | 2018–09–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01880327&r=ara |
| By: | Fuat Erdal (Ibn Haldun University); Bulent Guloglu (Istanbul Technical University); Murat Guven (Istanbul Technical University) |
| Abstract: | Studies on regional income and consumption disparities have always attracted the attentions of not only the economists but also of the social scientists in various fields. These differences are usually taken into account in designing regional development policies in many countries. There is a considerable amount of studies on regional income differences but studies on consumption differences are relatively limited. The purpose of the paper is to investigate if there are considerable differences in household consumption patterns across 26 regions of Turkey. We estimate income and price elasticites of demand for 12 groups of goods and services for the period from 2005 to 2013 by using the Geographically Weighted Panel Regression (GWPR) recently developed by Bruna and Yu (2013). The technique suggests that a set of global regression coefficients would not adequately take into account the underlying data generating process of the observed geographic dataset. For various reasons such as intrinsic varying mechanisms or potential misspecification, the relation between dependent and explanatory variables would differ from one location to other. GWR overcomes this shortcoming by estimating local coefficients along with global coefficients. The empirical results reveal that demand elasticities of price and income for shelter, furniture and beverages are similar between the east and the west regions; while demand elasticities for food, clothing, communication and education are varied across the regions. |
| Keywords: | Regional consumption disparities, geographically weighted panel regression, income elasticity, price elasticity |
| JEL: | R12 R58 |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:6509735&r=ara |
| By: | Jamal Bouoiyour (CATT - Centre d'Analyse Théorique et de Traitement des données économiques - UPPA - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour); Refk Selmi (CATT - Centre d'Analyse Théorique et de Traitement des données économiques - UPPA - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour) |
| Abstract: | The nexus between inflation and its uncertainty has been a topic of wide dispute. Using wavelet decomposition and with special reference to Egypt for the period 1960:M06-2013:M12, we find that the focal relationship varies substantially among the different frequencies involved. In the short-run, inflation expands inflation uncertainty and vice versa. In the medium term, higher inflation leads to greater volatility, while there is no evidence of significant link in the long-run. The main causes of these mixed outcomes have been organized into demand pull factors, cost push ones and the possible reflect of the conflicting underlying objectives pursued to avoid political pitfalls and the great instability that unfolded since 25th January 2011. |
| Keywords: | Inflation,Inflation uncertainty,Wavelet approach,Egypt |
| Date: | 2018–09–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01880338&r=ara |
| By: | Marwa Lazreg (Université de Sousse, FSEG, CML); Ezzeddine Zouari |
| Abstract: | The aim of this paper is to study the impact of FDI on poverty in the case of the North African country during the period from 1985 to 2005. The sample used in this paper consists of 6 countries of North Africa during the period from 1985 to 2005. So we can use the cointegration test. For the cointegration test, we have certified the existence of a cointegration relationship between the different series studied in our paper. Indeed, the result of the null hypothesis test of no cointegration was rejected at the 5% threshold, which explains the presence of a cointegration relationship. Also, to test the effect of FDI on poverty in the countries of North Africa, we will perform a FMOLS estimate. Thus, for the short-term dynamics, we noticed that FDI have a positive and significant impact on a threshold of 1% on the GINI index for the case of the countries of North Africa and a significant negative a threshold of 1% for the other two indicators of poverty; LPOV1_91 $ and LPOV3_1 $. Then we found that is statistically significant and positive at a 1% level. The LIDE variable measuring foreign direct investment has a negative impact on the Gini index to a threshold of 5%.For the Granger causality test; we notice that there is a unidirectional relationship between the consumption of energy and poverty Granger. Only the GINI index can cause Granger consumption of energy. |
| Keywords: | IDF,poverty,North Africa,cointegration,FMOLS 2 |
| Date: | 2018–04–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01756624&r=ara |
| By: | Tansel, Aysit; Keskin, Halil Ibrahim; Ozdemir, Zeynel Abidin |
| Abstract: | This paper considers the public and private sector wage earners in Egypt and examines their wage distribution during 1998-2012 using Egyptian Labor Market Panel Survey. We estimate the public-private sector wage gap with Mincer wage equations both at the mean and at different quantiles of the wage distribution. In this process we take into account observable and unobservable characteristics of the individuals using the panel feature of the data with a fixed effects model. We address sector of employment selection issue for both males and females. We find that there is very little evidence of sample selection in our data. Therefore, we present both the selection corrected results and the results with no selection correction. We find a persistent public sector wage penalty for males and public sector wage premium for females in the face of extensive sensitivity checks. They are larger when unobserved heterogeneity is taken into account for males but insignificant for females. They are similar across the quantiles for males but, smaller at the top than at the bottom of the conditional wage distribution for females. We further examine the public sector wage gap over time and in different sub-groups according to age and education. The public sector wage penalty for males has decreased recently over time and is larger for the better educated and younger. We also find substantial regional differences in public sector wage gap for males. |
| Keywords: | Public Sector,Private Sector,Wage Gap,Gender,Sample Selection,Quantile Regression,Panel Data,Egypt |
| JEL: | C21 C23 J16 J31 J45 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:260&r=ara |
| By: | Asl? E. Mert (Koç University) |
| Abstract: | This study investigates life (happiness), job and income satisfaction of women and men in paid work according to different demographic and value-based (in terms of the values associated with paid work and income) components, and to the extent they are correlated (findings are derived using the Life Satisfaction Survey (2016) provided by Turkish Statistical Institute). Preliminary descriptive statistics refer to relatively lower income satisfaction levels of women and men in Turkey (46.0 per cent of women and 48.6 per cent of men report that they are ?satisfied? or ?very satisfied? with their income), moderate levels of overall happiness levels (59.1 per cent of women and 59.6 per cent of men report that they are ?happy? or ?very happy? with their lives) and relatively higher levels of job satisfaction (81.0 per cent of women and 80.9 per cent of men report that they are ?satisfied? or ?very satisfied? with their jobs). Spearman's rank correlation coefficients demonstrate that happiness (life satisfaction) levels of women and men in paid work are positively correlated with their job and income satisfaction levels, and there is also a positive correlation between their job satisfaction and income satisfaction levels, all of which are on a weak to moderate level yet statistically significant. For men, the correlation between happiness and job satisfaction has the lowest (yet positive) value, whereas for women the lowest (though positive) value is observed for the relationship between happiness and income satisfaction. For both women and men, the correlation between job satisfaction and income satisfaction has the highest value, which is slightly stronger for women. The findings of this study support the spillover hypothesis, which claims that life and job satisfaction are positively correlated (income satisfaction also being involved in this context) as these components affect each other (Strauser, 2014).Strauser, D. R. (2014). Career development, employment, and disability in rehabilitation: From theory to practice. Springer Publishing Company.Turkish Statistical Institute. (2016). Life satisfaction survey. |
| Keywords: | Sociology of Happiness, Sociology of Economics, job satisfaction, life satisfaction, gender and happiness, income satisfaction, happiness, well-being, spillover hypothesis |
| JEL: | A14 J28 J01 |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:8208520&r=ara |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | Selected Issues |
| Keywords: | Saudi Arabia;Middle East; |
| Date: | 2018–08–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:18/264&r=ara |
| By: | Jamal Bouoiyour (CATT - Centre d'Analyse Théorique et de Traitement des données économiques - UPPA - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour); Amal Miftah (LEDa - DIAL - Laboratoire d'Economie de Dauphine - Economie de la mondialisation et du développement - Université Paris-Dauphine) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we empirically investigate the relationship between international migration and education attainment levels. We ask whether rural children who live in households that experience migration or/and receiving remittances are more likely to complete school at a given age than children who live in non-migrant households. Higher secondary and higher education levels are examined separately. Our results clearly show that children in remittance-receiving households complete significantly more years of schooling. In particular, remittances increase the probability of a male child completing high school. However, the evidence suggests that the international migration lowers deeply the chances of children completing higher education. Evidence also indicates the utmost importance of households' socio-economic status in determining to what extent the household mitigates the possible detrimental effects of migration on their children's educational outcomes. |
| Keywords: | International migration,Education,Remittances,Morocco |
| Date: | 2018–09–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01880328&r=ara |
| By: | Jamal Bouoiyour (CATT - Centre d'Analyse Théorique et de Traitement des données économiques - UPPA - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour); Amal Miftah (LEDa - DIAL - Laboratoire d'Economie de Dauphine - Economie de la mondialisation et du développement - Université Paris-Dauphine) |
| Abstract: | This paper uses the LSMS Moroccan data and the Heckman two-step estimator to analyze, the determinants of migrants' remittances at a microeconomic level. In particular, we assess what motivate international migrants to send remittances towards households and we examine the main factors that affect the likelihood of remittances being sent. Our results lend support to the altruistic hypothesis involving that remittances are sending to households with low levels of welfare. Furthermore, the decision to remit is intensely associated to individual characteristics such as migrant income, gender and age. Likewise, remittances may be viewed as loan repayment if the migration costs were borne by the remittance-receiving family. |
| Keywords: | International migration,Migrants' remittances,Heckman two-step estimator,Morocco |
| Date: | 2018–09–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01880332&r=ara |
| By: | Marwa Lazreg (Université de Sousse, FSEG, CML); Ezzeddine Zouari |
| Abstract: | This paper provides a study of the relationship between sustainable development and foreign direct investment (FDI) from an empirical point of view in the case of the North African country during the period from 1985 to 2005. We used the FMOLS estimate and the causality test to examine this relationship. According to the results found, we confirmed the existence of a cointegration relationship between the different series studied in this paper. Indeed, the results of the null hypothesis test of no cointegration were rejected at the 5% threshold, which explains the presence of a cointegration relationship. The cointegration test can determine the use of a model error correction. Also, to test the effect of FDI on sustainable development in the countries of North Africa, we will make an estimate by FMOLS method. We found that the LIDE variable measuring foreign direct investment has a positive impact on sustainable development. Also, we notice that there is a bidirectional relationship between FDI and emissions CO2 Granger. That is to say, the IDE can cause Granger emissions of CO2 and CO2 emissions can cause Granger FDI. |
| Keywords: | foreign direct investment,sustainable development,CO2,Poverty, panel data |
| Date: | 2018–04–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01756732&r=ara |
| By: | Gaber Ahmed Bassyouni SHEHATA |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness |
| Date: | 2017–09–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iefi18:276936&r=ara |
| By: | Farid Makhlouf (CATT - Centre d'Analyse Théorique et de Traitement des données économiques - UPPA - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour) |
| Abstract: | Le phénomène de transferts de fonds suscite un débat passionnant au sein de la classe politique, des chercheurs et des universitaires. Ceci est dû au fait qu'il touche à des aspects humains, économiques et financiers. Les transferts de fonds sont considérés comme étant une source de financement importante pour la majorité des pays en développement. Le Maroc n'échappe pas à cette logique. Il est, en effet, l'un des pays qui reçoit le plus de transferts de fonds dans le monde. L'objet de cet article est d'étudier les propriétés cycliques des transferts de fonds vers le Maroc. En utilisant des filtres économétriques adéquats et pertinents ainsi que des données trimestrielles nous arrivons à mettre en lumière des aspects empiriques importants des transferts de fonds. En effet, les transferts de fonds constituent un enjeu majeur pour l'économie marocaine, de même, jouer les rôles importants de stabilisateur et d'amortisseurs. Remittances raise a fascinating debate in the political class, researchers and academics. This is because they affect human, economic and financial aspects. In Morocco, remittances are considered an important source of funding. It is, indeed, one of the countries that receive the most remittances in the world. The aim of this paper is to study the cyclical properties of remittances to Morocco. Using appropriate data and relevant econometric filters we can highlight important empirical aspects of remittances. Indeed, remittances constitute a major challenge for the Moroccan economy as well, play important roles in stabilizing and as a shock absorber |
| Keywords: | Remittances,Cyclical proprieties,Morocco |
| Date: | 2018–10–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01885146&r=ara |
| By: | Florent Deisting (CATT - Centre d'Analyse Théorique et de Traitement des données économiques - UPPA - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour); Farid Makhlouf (CATT - Centre d'Analyse Théorique et de Traitement des données économiques - UPPA - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour); Adil Naamane (CATT - Centre d'Analyse Théorique et de Traitement des données économiques - UPPA - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour) |
| Abstract: | Dans ce papier, nous analysons la relation empirique entre le développement financier mesuré par les crédits et la croissance économique au Maroc, ainsi que les canaux de transmission entre les deux variables. En utilisant un modèle VAR pour des données annuelles (1975-2010,) nous avons trouvé qu'un choc positif du développement financier favorise la croissance économique. Cet effet passe plutôt par les transferts de fonds des migrants et les échanges commerciaux. This paper attempts to explore the empirical relationship between credit as proxy to financial development and economic growth in Morocco, and transmission channel between these two variables. We used annually data from 1975 to 2010 and VAR model to examine the impact of financial development on economic growth. We found that financial development induce economic growth via remittance and trade. |
| Keywords: | Financial development,Financial flows,Economic growth,VAR,Morocco |
| Date: | 2018–10–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01885156&r=ara |
| By: | Khaled Chnaina (CATT - Centre d'Analyse Théorique et de Traitement des données économiques - UPPA - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour); Farid Makhlouf (CATT - Centre d'Analyse Théorique et de Traitement des données économiques - UPPA - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour) |
| Abstract: | Les transferts de fonds vers la Tunisie constituent une source de devises non négligeable, Ils ont augmenté d'une manière rapide notamment la dernière décennie. Ces devises engendrées par les migrants tunisiens, peuvent causer le phénomène de syndrome hollandais. Le but de ce travail est d'étudier l'impact des ces transferts sur taux de change réel effectif. En estimant des relations de co-intégration avec ruptures structurelles par l'intermédiaire de la méthode de Johansen et al. (2000) et Saikkonen et Lütkepohl (2000) et Saikkonen et al. (2004), nous avons trouvé qu'une augmentation de 1% de ratio des transferts de fonds sur PIB provoque une appréciation de taux de change réel d'équilibre de 0,39 %. Ce qui confirme l'hypothèse de syndrome hollandais dans l'économie tunisienne. Remittances in Tunisia constitute a main foreign flow, they have increased rapidly particularly over the past decade. This devises which generated by Tunisian migrants can induce Dutch disease. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between remittances and reel effective exchange rate. By estimating cointegration relations with structural breaks through the method of Johansen et al. (2000) and Saikkonen-Lütkepohl (2000) Saikkonen et al. (2004), we found that an increase in worker's remittances of 1% point of GDP is associated with an appreciation of Tunisia's real effective exchange rate by 0.39%. This result approves the hypothesis of Dutch disease in Tunisia. |
| Keywords: | Real Effective Exchange Rate,Remittances,Structural Breaks,Cointegration,Tunisia |
| Date: | 2018–10–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01885155&r=ara |
| By: | sekali, jamal |
| Abstract: | This article proposes to examine the relation between the development of financial intermediation and the economic growth of Morocco for the period 1980-2015. We use the autoregressive time-lag model to model the long-term and short-run dynamics of the impact of financial intermediation on Morocco's growth rate. Econometric estimates show that when measuring the financial development of the banking market by the following variable: bank credit (BC), one generally arrives at a positive and significant link between the financial development of the banking market and economic growth. Second, when we measure the financial development of the stock market by market capitalization (MC), we arrive at a positive link between the financial development of the stock market and economic growth. |
| Keywords: | Développement financier, croissance économique, cointégration, modèle ARDL. |
| JEL: | A10 C1 O16 |
| Date: | 2018–10–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:89473&r=ara |
| By: | Odile Balizet; Clara Gomez (LEST - Laboratoire d'économie et de sociologie du travail - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Jean-Baptiste Meyer |
| Abstract: | This capitalization document describes the experience of the Solidarity Development Community (CDS) actors, conducted with the support of the Swiss Cooperation in the framework of the Global Program of "Migrations et Développement". We would like to sincerely thank them for their active participation, for their motivation to share this experience of a pilot program so that their analyzes and reflections are useful for its local pursuit and its diffusion in other regions of Morocco and through the world where the question of the link between the diaspora and the development of the territory remains very current. It was made on the basis of interviews, meetings, data collection on actors as well as analyzes developed collectively during two workshops where were shared the lessons learned from this experience: one in Morocco with stakeholders from development of the communes of Souss Massa and Drâa Tafilalet and the other in Paris with the actors of the diaspora. As a result, the points of view expressed are above all those of people who live this pilot project. |
| Abstract: | Ce document de capitalisation relate l'expérience des acteurs de la Communauté de Développement Solidaire (CDS), menée avec l'appui de la Coopération Suisse dans le cadre du Programme Global Migration et Développement. Nous tenions à sincèrement les remercier pour leur participation active, pour leur motivation à partager cette expérience d'un programme pilote afin que leurs analyses et réflexions soient utiles à sa poursuite localement et à sa diffusion dans d'autres régions du Maroc et à travers le monde où la question du lien entre diaspora et développement du territoire reste très actuelle. Il a été réalisé sur la base d'interviews, de réunions, de recueil du vécu des acteurs ainsi que des analyses développées collectivement lors de deux ateliers de mise en commun des leçons tirées de cette expérience : l'un au Maroc auprès des acteurs du développement des communes du Souss Massa et Drâa Tafilalet et l'autre à Paris auprès des acteurs de la diaspora. De ce fait, les points de vue exprimés sont avant tout ceux des personnes qui font vivre ce projet pilote. |
| Keywords: | "Capitalisation" , "Projet de développement" , "Communauté" , "Plateforme virtuelle" |
| Date: | 2017–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01864621&r=ara |
| By: | Centre International de Politiques pour la Croissance Inclusive (IPC-IG) (IPC-IG) |
| Abstract: | "Avec plus de 80 millions d'habitants, la République islamique d'Iran est, après l'Égypte, le pays le plus peuplé d'Afrique du Nord et du Moyen-Orient (région MENA, de l'anglais Middle East and North Africa). Plus de 27 pour cent de la population (22 millions d'habitants) ont moins de 18 ans. Avec un indice de développement humain (IDH) de 0,774 en 2015, l'Iran entre dans la catégorie des pays au « développement humain élevé ». Le pays accorde depuis longtemps le droit d'asile aux réfugiés ; on estime ainsi que 3,5 millions d'Afghans (souvent de deuxième ou troisième génération) et environ trente mille réfugiés irakiens résident dans le pays". (...) |
| Keywords: | Protection sociale, non contributive, examinée, angle, enfance, équité, Iran |
| Date: | 2018–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:opfran:387&r=ara |
| By: | Centre International de Politiques pour la Croissance Inclusive (IPC-IG) (IPC-IG) |
| Abstract: | "L'État de Qatar enregistre le revenu per capita le plus élevé du golfe Persique. Il se compose d'une péninsule située à l'est de l'Arabie saoudite, avec laquelle il partage sa frontière sud ; le reste de son territoire est bordé par la mer du golfe Persique. Il affiche un indice de développement humain de 0,856, le plus élevé du Moyen-Orient et de l'Afrique du Nord (région MENA, de l'anglais Middle East and North Africa). La croissance démographique rapide et sans précédent que le pays a traversée au fil de la dernière décennie a fait doubler sa population, qui est ainsi passée de 1,2 à 2,5 entre 2007 et 2016. Cette croissance peut principalement s'expliquer par le flux constant de travailleurs étrangers, en majorité des travailleurs peu qualifiés attirés par des opportunités de travail dans le secteur des infrastructures. En 2014, les ressortissants étrangers représentaient 88 pour cent de la population, qui compte par ailleurs la plus faible proportion d'enfants de la région : seuls 16 et 5 pour cent ont respectivement moins de 18 et 5 ans". (...) |
| Keywords: | Protection sociale, non contributive, examinée, angle, enfance, équité, Qatar |
| Date: | 2018–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:opfran:401&r=ara |
| By: | Centre International de Politiques pour la Croissance Inclusive (IPC-IG) (IPC-IG) |
| Abstract: | "La République du Soudan est un pays multiethnique situé dans le nord-est de l'Afrique subsaharienne. Avec une population estimée à 39,57 millions d'habitants en 2016, dont 66 pour cent vivant en milieu rural, le Soudan est le quatrième pays le plus peuplé du Moyen-Orient et de l'Afrique du Nord (région MENA, de l'anglais Middle East and North Africa). Près de cinquante pour cent de sa population ont moins de 18 ans et 5,9 millions d'habitants ont moins de 5 ans, des proportions très proches de celles observées en Irak, en Palestine, en Syrie ou au Yémen. Classé 165e sur 188, le Soudan enregistre l'un des indices de développement humain les plus faibles au monde (0,490), inférieur à la moyenne régionale (0,704). En 2009, 46,5 pour cent de la population vivait sous le seuil de pauvreté national. Le Soudan affiche des disparités régionales marquées et les taux de pauvreté sont plus élevés en milieu rural, où 57,6 pour cent de la population est pauvre". (...) |
| Keywords: | Protection sociale, non contributive, examinée, angle, enfance, équité, Soudan |
| Date: | 2018–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:opfran:404&r=ara |
| By: | Centre International de Politiques pour la Croissance Inclusive (IPC-IG) (IPC-IG) |
| Abstract: | "Avec plus de 91 millions d'habitants, l'Égypte est le pays le plus peuplé de l'Afrique du Nord et du Moyen-Orient (ou région MENA, de l'anglais Middle East and North Africa). Deux cinquièmes de sa population ont moins de 18 ans, dont douze millions ont moins de 5 ans. Au fil des dernières années, l'Égypte a vu s'accélérer sa croissance démographique sous l'effet d'une augmentation de son taux de fertilité. Classée 111e sur 188 pays, elle affiche un taux de développement moyen. De nombreux ménages vivent en situation d'insécurité alimentaire en raison de la hausse de l'inflation. Le chômage des jeunes reste élevé (32 pour cent, contre 13 pour cent chez l'ensemble de la population adulte) et affecte particulièrement les femmes (38 pour cent, comme en 2015)". (...) |
| Keywords: | Protection sociale, non contributive, examinée, angle, enfance, équité, Égypte |
| Date: | 2018–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:opfran:386&r=ara |
| By: | Centre International de Politiques pour la Croissance Inclusive (IPC-IG) (IPC-IG) |
| Abstract: | "L'État de Palestine (EP) se trouve dans la région du Proche-Orient. Son territoire fragmenté se divise en deux zones principales : la bande de Gaza, située sur la côte méditerranéenne, et la Cisjordanie, frontalière de la Jordanie. L'EP compte une population totale de 4,5 millions d'habitants, dont 2,2 millions (49 pour cent) et 700 000 (15 pour cent) sont respectivement âgés de moins de 18 et 5 ans. Le pays enregistre le plus fort taux de fertilité du Moyen-Orient et de l'Afrique du Nord (région MENA, de l'anglais Middle East and North Africa), avec 4,11 enfants par femme. Il enregistrait en 2015 un indice de développement humain (IDH) de 0,684, inférieur à la moyenne régionale de 0,704. En 2011, 25,8 pour cent de la population palestinienne vivait sous le seuil de pauvreté et les ménages moyens percevaient un revenu de 2 293 shekels israéliens (637 dollars). La situation est particulièrement inquiétante à Gaza, qui enregistrait en 2015 un taux de pauvreté de 39 pour cent, contre 16 pour cent en Cisjordanie". (...) |
| Keywords: | Protection sociale, non contributive, examinée, angle, enfance, équité , Palestine |
| Date: | 2018–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:opfran:403&r=ara |
| By: | Centre International de Politiques pour la Croissance Inclusive (IPC-IG) (IPC-IG) |
| Abstract: | "Le Royaume hachémite de Jordanie est un pays à revenu intermédiaire (tranche inférieure) situé dans la région centrale du Moyen-Orient. En 2016, il comptait une population estimée à 9,45 millions d'habitants, dont 41 pour cent (3,9 millions) et 5 pour cent (1,2 million) étaient respectivement âgés de moins de 18 et 5 ans. Avec un indice de développement humain de 0,741, la Jordanie arrive 86e à l'échelle mondiale. Le taux de pauvreté y reste néanmoins élevé, puisque 14,4 pour cent de la population y vit sous le seuil de pauvreté national. La jeunesse jordanienne se trouve disproportionnellement affectée par le taux de chômage du pays, le plus élevé d'Afrique du Nord et du Moyen-Orient (région MENA, de l'anglais Middle East and North Africa)". (...) |
| Keywords: | Protection sociale, non contributive, examinée, angle, enfance, équité , Jordanie |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:opfran:391&r=ara |
| By: | Centre International de Politiques pour la Croissance Inclusive (IPC-IG) (IPC-IG) |
| Abstract: | "Voisin de l'Irak, de l'Iran et de l'Arabie saoudite, le Koweït est un pays pétrolier du Moyen-Orient. Sa situation stratégique et ses abondantes réserves de pétrole en font l'un des pays du Golfe aux revenus les plus élevés. En 2016, sa population a été estimée à 4 052 000 habitants, dont 316 000 et 988 000 étaient respectivement âgés de moins de 5 et de 18 ans. Sa population se compose d'environ un tiers de ressortissants koweïtiens et de deux tiers d'expatriés et de travailleurs migrants. Si les estimations de la pauvreté ne sont pas accessibles au public, le Koweït enregistrait en 2015 un indice de développement humain « très élevé », supérieur à la moyenne régionale (0,800 contre 0,704), arrivant ainsi à la 51e place sur 188 pays à l'échelle mondiale". (...) |
| Keywords: | Protection sociale, non contributive, examinée, angle, enfance, équité, Koweït |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:opfran:392&r=ara |
| By: | Centre International de Politiques pour la Croissance Inclusive (IPC-IG) (IPC-IG) |
| Abstract: | "La République d'Irak partage ses plus longues frontières terrestres avec l'Iran, la Syrie et l'Arabie saoudite. Sur sa population totale de 37,2 millions d'habitants, 5,7 millions (15,4 pour cent) sont des enfants de moins de 5 ans et 17,46 millions (46 pour cent) ont moins de 18 ans. Bien que l'Irak soit considéré comme un pays à revenu intermédiaire de la tranche supérieure, son indice de développement humain (IDH) de 0,649 le place au 121e rang sur 188 pays et reste inférieur à la moyenne régionale du Moyen-Orient (0,704)". (...) |
| Keywords: | Protection sociale, non contributive, examinée, angle, enfance, équité, Irak |
| Date: | 2018–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:opfran:388&r=ara |
| By: | Centre International de Politiques pour la Croissance Inclusive (IPC-IG) (IPC-IG) |
| Abstract: | "Le Maroc est un pays d'Afrique du Nord à revenu intermédiaire de la tranche inférieure. En 2016, sa population a été estimée à 35,27 millions d'habitants, dont 10 pour cent (3,5 millions) ont moins de 5 ans et 32 pour cent (11,4 millions) ont moins de 18 ans (Banque mondiale 2017a). Bien que son taux de pauvreté soit passé de 15,3 à 4,8 pour cent entre 2001 et 2014, les disparités régionales demeurent préoccupantes, dans la mesure où 74 pour cent de la population pauvre se trouve concentrée dans 5 des 12 régions que compte le pays. En 2015, le Maroc a enregistré un indice de développement humain de 0,647, un chiffre supérieur à la moyenne des pays ayant atteint un niveau de développement humain moyen". (...) |
| Keywords: | Protection sociale, non contributive, examinée, angle, enfance, équité, Maroc |
| Date: | 2018–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:opfran:396&r=ara |
| By: | Centro Internacional de Políticas para o Crescimento Inclusivo (IPC-IG) (IPC-IG) |
| Abstract: | "O Estado do Qatar tem a maior renda per capita do Golfo Pérsico. Seu território é uma península no leste da Arábia que faz fronteira com a Arábia Saudita, ao sul, e com o Mar do Golfo, a leste. O país possui o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) mais alto da região do Oriente Médio e Norte da África (MENA), 0,856. Durante a última década, o Qatar experimentou um crescimento populacional sem precedentes: sua população de 1,2 milhão de pessoas, em 2007, dobrou para 2,5 milhões, em 2016. Este crescimento deve-se, principalmente, ao fluxo constante de trabalhadores estrangeiros, em sua maioria homens e profissionais menos qualificados, atraídos pelas oportunidades de emprego no setor de infraestrutura. Em 2014, os estrangeiros representavam 88 por cento da população do país. Ainda, a proporção de crianças no total da população é uma das menores da região: apenas 5 por cento são crianças menores de 5 anos e 16 por cento, ao todo, menores de 18 anos". (...) |
| Keywords: | Proteção social, não contributiva, perspectiva, infância, equidade, Qatar |
| Date: | 2018–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:opport:401&r=ara |