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on MENA - Middle East and North Africa |
| By: | Dibeh, Ghassan (American University of Beirut); Fakih, Ali (Lebanese American University); Marrouch, Walid (Lebanese American University) |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the determinants of youth emigration decisions, which is considered to be one of the main causes of 'Brain Drain' in Arab Mediterranean Countries (AMCs). We focus on the case of Lebanon using a unique dataset covering young people aged 15 to 29 from the year 2016. The aim of the paper is to identify the profile of youth's propensity to emigrate from Lebanon. The empirical results indicate that youth from non-wealthy backgrounds living in smaller dwellings have a higher propensity to emigrate. It is also found that being male and unemployed has a positive incidence on migration. Moreover, university education promotes the willingness to emigrate; while residents of poor regions are more likely to express such willingness. Finally, the paper provides some insights for policymakers. |
| Keywords: | emigration, youth, Lebanon, probit model |
| JEL: | C25 J60 O15 |
| Date: | 2017–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp10493&r=ara |
| By: | Tolga Cebeci; Sammar Essmat |
| Keywords: | Finance and Financial Sector Development - Microfinance Gender - Gender and Development Poverty Reduction - Inequality Private Sector Development - Business Environment Private Sector Development - Small and Medium Size Enterprises |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:25409&r=ara |
| By: | Cagla Okten |
| Keywords: | Finance and Financial Sector Development - Microfinance Private Sector Development - Small and Medium Size Enterprises Gender - Gender and Development Social Protections and Labor - Labor Markets Poverty Reduction - Inequality |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:25410&r=ara |
| By: | Torun, Huzeyfe (Central Bank of Turkey); Tumen, Semih (Central Bank of Turkey) |
| Abstract: | This paper estimates the causal effect of vocational high school (VHS) education on employment likeli-hood relative to general high school (GHS) education in Turkey using census data. To address non-random selection into high school types, we collect construction dates of the VHSs at the town-level and use VHS availability in the town by age 13 as an instrumental variable. The first-stage estimates suggest that the availability of VHS does not affect the overall high school graduation rates, but gener-ates a substitution from GHS to VHS. The OLS estimates yield the result that the individuals with a VHS degree are around 5 percentage points more likely to be employed compared to those with a GHS de-gree. When we use the availability of VHS as an instrumental variable, we still find positive and statisti-cally significant effect of VHS degree on employment likelihood relative to GHS degree. However, once we include town-specific socio-economic variables to control for education, employment, and business activity levels in the town, the IV estimates get much smaller and become statistically insignificant. We conclude that although the VHS construction generates a substitution from GHS to VHS education, this substitution is not transformed into increased employment rates in a statistically significant way. We also argue that location-specific controls improve the reliability of the school construction/proximity instruments. |
| Keywords: | vocational education, employment, school construction, instrumental variables |
| JEL: | C26 I21 J21 J24 |
| Date: | 2017–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp10507&r=ara |