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on MENA - Middle East and North Africa |
| By: | MUSTAFA KIZILTAN (HACETTEPE UN); ANNA GOLOVKO (X) |
| Abstract: | The high inflation is undesirable phenomenon for Turkey especially from 1970s to 2000s. Turkey was introduced the destructive effects of inflation in the 1970s. In particular, this process began with the rise of oil prices in the 1970s lasted until the 2000s. The reasons of these political instability, populist policies, failure to comply with fiscal discipline, budget deficits, and growing SOE deficits. But with the 2000s, after the stand-by agreement with IMF, the fight against inflation has been one of the main public policies and, therefore, steps have been taken towards fiscal discipline. As a result of this context, inflation could be reduced to single digits. However, inflation still continues to maintain its place on the agenda. Therefore, the study focuses to examine the determinants of inflation in Turkey on economic and econometric criterion and also to investigate causal relationships among some macroeconomic variables. For that purpose, in this study, estimates have been investigated using Johansen Co-integration and Vector Error Correction approached. |
| Keywords: | Inflation, Budget Deficit, Fiscal Discipline, Johansen Co-integration Test |
| JEL: | E31 E60 H62 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:2604411&r=ara |
| By: | Orbay, Benan; Aydede, Yigit |
| Abstract: | There is no guarantee that the right candidate will be matched with the right job in labour markets. If the mismatch is substantial, the surplus education and the deficit in schooling lead to underutilization and a loss in productivity in the economy as a whole. The aim of this study is to understand the importance of these issues for Turkish Economy by analyzing the economic returns of educational mismatch in Turkey. First we explore educational mismatch levels in Turkey for nine different occupation areas in different regions and for different industries using four recent household surveys from 2009 to 2012, which include more than one million observations. Based on this data, we analyze effects of educational mismatch on wages in Turkish labor market by using the ORU models. Results indicate that wage loss of over-educated workers is substantially higher for higher age. Regional ORU estimations show that Istanbul is the region with highest benefit for additional required education. Over-education rewards and under-education penalties are also among the highest for İstanbul. Manufacturing is the industry with the highest population and with the highest wage effects for both over-education and under-education. Among the major occupations, wage effects are in general highest for office clerks. Finally, the cost of underutilization and productivity loss due to educational mismatch is substantial in Turkey. |
| Keywords: | Educational mismatch, economic returns, underutilization, Turkey |
| JEL: | I20 J24 |
| Date: | 2015–07–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:65713&r=ara |
| By: | OZHAN HANCILAR (Pamukkale University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Turkey) |
| Abstract: | This academic work will look at the “honour killings” in Turkey. An honour killing is the homicide of an individual due to the perpetrators' belief that the victim has violated the principles of a family or a community or a religion. Honour killings have a long tradition in Turkey. It is also a strong concern that many suicides of women could be honored crimes, especially in eastern and southeastern Turkey, with the family forcing the victim to commit suicide. Hoping to join the EU, Turkey has strengthened the punishment for honour crimes. Despite the legal reforms, the violence against women in the name of honour and tradition has continued. This paper will discuss challenges and solutions to the problem. In addition to academic works, the paper will be based on sources from the media. |
| Keywords: | Homicide, Turkey, Women, Tradition, Law |
| JEL: | K14 K42 Y90 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:2604030&r=ara |
| By: | FAKHRI, ISSAOUI; HASSEN, TOUMI; WASSIM, TOUILI |
| Abstract: | This paper has investigated the impact of CO2 emissions on per capita growth, energy consumption, life expectancy and urbanization in MENA countries (Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Emirates Arabs, Jordan, Saudi Arabs, Morocco, Qatar, Tunisia and Yemen) from 1990 to 2010. The empirical results have covered two time horizons: the short and long term. Indeed, in the short term we noticed for all countries of our sample, that the CO2 emission is explained by energy consumption and economic growth per capita which exert positive and significant effects. However, we noticed that the CO2 emission is always positively influenced by energy consumption and negatively influenced by life expectancy. Also, the effect of income per capita is negative and significant which means that the long-term economic strategy of these countries is based on activities and non-polluting sectors. In other words, growth-generating economic potential are located in non-polluting sectors and not generators of greenhouse gas. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Kuznets Curve, CO2, energy consumption, growth |
| JEL: | Q43 Q53 Q56 |
| Date: | 2015–07–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:65683&r=ara |
| By: | Gozde Erturk Kara (Aksaray University); Ozge Aydin (Dumlup) |
| Abstract: | The aim of this study is to present the review of studies in science education field for early childhood in Turkey in the past 15 years. It is defined that how many studies have been done in this field; which subjects of early science education have been studied; which research and data analysis methods generally have been used; which study group has attended the studies less so far. Qualitative research method was used. Early childhood education studies related to science education was determined and content analysis was done. The articles published in Turkish Journals which are indexed in SSCI and ULAKB |
| Keywords: | Early childhood education, science, review. |
| JEL: | I29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:2604168&r=ara |
| By: | Emre Atsan (Hacettepe University Inst); Mete D (Çorum University, Inst) |
| Abstract: | Turkey, always in a process of transition in many areas, and a vicious cycle may not exceed beyond this process has been a long time in an effort to take its place in the globalized world. Our economy has entered a transition to a free market economy in the 1980s and has taken important steps in this process. The share of economic crime has increased while the crime has changed dimension after the accrete of the settlement of the free market economy. In our study, we made a brief introduction to the concept of economic crime, especially of Turkish tax system are evaluated in terms of economic crimes and punishments. Then, by making comparison with the legislation of some developed countries, one of the reforms in the Process of the European Union, the new Turkish Penal Code has been assessed the effects on the Turkish Tax System and problems and solutions are listed. |
| Keywords: | Economic Crime, Turkish Tax System, Comparative Analysis |
| JEL: | K34 O57 K14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:2604410&r=ara |
| By: | OSMAN AKANDERE (NECMETT) |
| Abstract: | Second Balkan Conference, which is an important step for the Balkan Union, was held in |
| Keywords: | Second Balkan Conference, Greek Journalists, Bulgarian Journalists, Istanbul Association of Journalists, Contacts and reviews |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:2604546&r=ara |
| By: | Fahri Seker (Bozok University); Murat Cetin (Namik Kemal University) |
| Abstract: | This paper deals with the relationship between renewable energy consumption and carbon emissions by incorporating economic growth, population density and trade openness as potential determinants of environmental pollution function in case of Turkey over the period 1960 to 2010. The ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration and vector error correction model (VECM) are used to investigate the long-run and causal relationships between the variables. The empirical results reveal that there exist a long-run equilibrium relationship between renewable energy consumption, economic growth, population density, trade openness and carbon emissions. The empirical results also reveal that renewable energy consumption has a negative long run effect on carbon emissions. There exists an evidence supporting the presence of a positive relationship between carbon emissions and the other variables in the long run. However, there exists no evidence of short run relationship between renewable energy consumption and carbon emissions. The results show bi-directional long run Granger causality between trade openness, population density and carbon emissions and also uni-directional Granger causality running from economic growth and renewable energy consumption to carbon emissions in the long run. Besides, the findings present some policy implications for Turkish economy. |
| Keywords: | Carbon emissions, Renewable energy consumption, ARDL bounds test, VECM Granger causality, Turkey |
| JEL: | Q50 Q20 Q40 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:2604535&r=ara |
| By: | Halil Dursun (Selcuk University Faculty of Law) |
| Abstract: | The constitution of Republic of Turkey Article 36 regulates the freedom to claim rights; “Everyone has the right of litigation either as plaintiff or defendant and the right to a fair trial before the courts through lawful means and procedures”. Legal aid was adopted in order to ensure the realization of these constitutional principles.In the Turkish private law, legal aid is regulated in two different laws. Article 334 and following of Civil Procedure Law sets basic regulations about legal aid service. Parties who don’t have sufficient income are exempt from court fees and expenses and in this case the Bar assigns a lawyer free of charge. Secondary regulation is Attorneyship Law. The purpose of legal aid is explained in Attorneyship Law as to make attorneyship services available to those who lack the wherewithal to pay attorneyship fees and jurisprudence costs with a view to overcoming the obstacles to the right of the individual to seek justice and to ensure equality in exercising the right to seek justice.In accordance with the regulations mentioned above this presentation focuses to give general information about legal aid in Turkey, individuals who request legal aid, scope of legal aid and procedure of legal aid service. |
| Keywords: | Legal aid, Bar Association, Attorneyship Law, Civil Procedure Law, Court Fees. |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:2604394&r=ara |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Macroeconomics and Economic Growth - Climate Change Economics Environmental Economics and Policies Private Sector Development - E-Business Information and Communication Technologies - ICT Policy and Strategies Energy - Energy Production and Transportation Environment |
| Date: | 2015–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:21776&r=ara |
| By: | Celil Koparal (Anadolu University); Nuri Calik (Turgut Ozal University) |
| Abstract: | This surveys intends to find out how consumer demographics affect their price perceptions in their purchases of shopping goods. A survey is applied to 219 respondents selected via stratified sampling from Eski |
| Keywords: | Value consciousness, price consciousness, coupon and sales proneness, price mavenism, price-quality relationship, prestige sensitivity |
| JEL: | M31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:2604349&r=ara |
| By: | UMMAN TUGBA GURSOY (ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION); ÖZLEM AKCAY KASAPOGLU (ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION); ÖZLEM ÖGRET (LOGISTICS COMPANY) |
| Abstract: | This study is conducted using the data of a Logistics Company which operates in Turkey. The company aims to analyze the problems faced by the damage or loss in the physical distribution process and also wants to determine the source of the problems. According to the analysis’ results it is aimed to improve the quality of services in the Logistics Company. Data set consists of 56 variables and 3245 records. Data acquired either from automation system, delivery of documents, bills and customers’ damaged or lost invoices. The automation system provides information about goods, customers, region, shipping information, vehicles, time, transfer centers, delivery status, damage assessment date. The damage or losses may cause decrease of the quality of service. This also affects the reputation of the company. Therefore, examining the errors that cause these problems and taking preventive measures are very important. In this study data mining tools were used to identify the problems. |
| Keywords: | Damage Assessment, Logistics, Data mining. |
| JEL: | M11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:2604361&r=ara |
| By: | Nurgül Dursun (Selcuk University) |
| Abstract: | The Republic of Turkey was founded in 1923 and Ataturk was the first President until his death in 1938. After Ataturk’s death, one party system continued until the establishment of Democrat Party in 1946. One party era lasted in 1950 after the victory Democrat party general elections. The period of Turkey after Ataturk, one party system affected sports as well as all areas of life. In our presentation, it will be emphasized general information about the perspective of sports of one party system over the sample Konya City.This presentation focuses on sport clubs and their activities and also sports in schools especially high schools in Konya between 1938 – 1950 and also significantly expresses the cooperation between local government, party administration and clubs on to gain the society sports culture and to acquire sport habit. This presentation includes main sports branches and local sportsmen, sport events and sport facilities of the era. |
| Keywords: | Sports History, Sports in Konya, One Party Era, Clubs, Branches. |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:2604374&r=ara |
| By: | OZLEM AKCAY KASAPOGLU (ISTANBUL UN); UMMAN TUGBA GURSOY (ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION) |
| Abstract: | Many medium or large scale organizations with large databases invest on advance data collecting and managing systems. The main point of turning this data into your success is the difficulty of extracting knowledge about the system that you study from the collected data. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software helps companies to put all previously separated data to in single software. ERP has several advantages. Storing whole data in a single place make it possible to analyze data from different business functions. Because a large scale of data are in the same place, new tools are needed to analyze them. In this study customer purchase records from the the biggest computer retailing firm’s data in Turkey were analyzed. Association Rules were used to determine the shopping behavior of the customers. According to the results, various rule sets are obtained. This rule sets can be used for purposes such as store layout, shelf arrangement in the store, products can be placed close together to increase sales and other promotional strategies. |
| Keywords: | ERP, Data Mining, Association Rules, Retailing. |
| JEL: | C88 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:2604440&r=ara |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Health Monitoring Evaluation Disease Control Prevention Health Systems Development Reform Health Economics Finance Health, Nutrition and Population - Population Policies |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:21891&r=ara |
| By: | GÖKHAN AKANDERE (SELCUK UNIVERSITY) |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this study is to determine the level of service orientation as a personality trait of logistics employees in the logistics industry and to investigate the impact of service orientation on job satisfaction and intention to leave. In this study, a casual model was offered to test the effects of logistics employees’ service orientation as a personality trait on job satisfaction and intention to leave. The scales developed previously were used to measure the independent variable, service orientation, and the dependent variables, job satisfaction and intention to leave. In this study, purposive sampling method was used and the logistics employees of logistics companies in Türkiye were included in the field research. Data were gathered from hotel employees by means of a questionnaire. Frequencies, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, correlation, and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. |
| Keywords: | Service orientation, job satisfaction, intention to leave, logistics employees, logistics |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:2604540&r=ara |
| By: | Shahad Ghabban (Family and Community Medicine Dept., Faculty Medicine, Tabuk University, Saudi Arabia); Jamal Ghabban (Tabuk Health Affairs Directorate, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia); Ashwaq Alruwaili (Family and Community Medicine Dept., Faculty Medicine, Tabuk University, Saudi Arabia); Bashayer Althobaity (Family and Community Medicine Dept., Faculty Medicine, Tabuk University, Saudi Arabia) |
| Abstract: | Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in females. It accounts for about 22% of all new cancers in women. In Saudi Arabia, the number of new cases of cancer is 2741 in 2014, including about 19.9% of breast cancer in women that is ranked first figures.1 It has been demonstrated that early detection and screening for breast cancer could lead to a reduction in breast cancer mortality. One of the main recognized methods of screening is Breast Self Examination (BSE). Addressing the important role of nurses in that regard is an essential preventive tool.Objectives: To assess the level of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice (KAP) of nurses regarding the relevant preventive and applied aspects of BSE in hospitals and Primary Health Care (PHC) centers; and to propose a truthful quality BSE improvement training program for the studied nurses. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional analytic research design was chosen to investigate the current research problem. The multi-stage random sampling technique has been applied to recruit a sample size of 152 nurses. A self-administered questionnaire has been used and covered 30 significant BSE dependant variables and they were classified into knowledge (10), attitudes (10) and practice (10) components. The questionnaire has been tested for its validity and reliability. Data have been managed using SPSS v.22.Results: The mean age and average years of experience of the studied nurses were 33.62±8.45 and 8.18±5.65 respectively. The majority of nurses have favorable attitudes (69.34%), good degree of knowledge (81.42%) and satisfactory practice (70.26%) regarding BSE. The essential substandard KAP areas have been identified and ranked.Conclusion: Continuous medical education and in-service training of nurses on the practical aspects of early detection of breast cancer are greatly needed and to be well incorporated within the national protocol of the Saudi ministry of health.Reference: 1. Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, National Campaign for Breast Cancer Awareness, National Campaign for Breast Cancer Awareness. (http://www.moh.gov.sa/en/HealthAwareness/ Campaigns/ Breastcancer/Pages/stat.aspx).Acknowledgments: Dr Abd-Alla Al-Temani, Prof Ahmed Eltobgy and Dr Ibrahiem Mubarak for supervising this research project. |
| Keywords: | Breast Cancer, BSE, KAP, Nurses, Saudi Arabia |
| JEL: | I10 I00 I19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:2603238&r=ara |
| By: | Radhi Alshehri (Family and Community Medicine Dept., Faculty Medicine, Tabuk University, Saudi Arabia); Abd Alla Al-Temani (Family and Community Medicine Dept., Faculty Medicine, Tabuk University, Saudi Arabia); Abdulrahman Alwakeel (Family and Community Medicine Dept., Faculty Medicine, Tabuk University, Saudi Arabia); Ahmed Eltobgy (Family and Community Medicine Dept., Faculty Medicine, Tabuk University, Saudi Arabia); Ibrahim Abdelhafiz (Family and Community Medicine Dept., Faculty Medicine, Tabuk University, Saudi Arabia) |
| Abstract: | Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a major global health problem with individual, social and economical consequences. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia is very high (23.9%) and ranked seventh among the top 10 countries around the word. Plausible reasons for the steady increase in the prevalence of DM in many countries may include poor lifestyle, rapid westernization, lack of knowledge and unsatisfactory attitude and practices towards DM among the general population and diabetic patients. Therefore, Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice (KAP) studies are effective in providing baseline data for evaluating intervention programs and improving the service quality.Objectives: The specific objectives were to describe the general characteristics of diabetic patients; to determine the degrees of knowledge, attitudes and practice of diabetic patients regarding the pertinent preventive issues; and to examine the interrelated plausible factors of inadequate DM management.Materials and Methods: The clinical epidemiological approach was selected as a suitable investigation strategy in which a cross-sectional analytic research design has been adopted to examine the current diabetic health problem. The systematic stage random sampling technique was applied to recruit a sample size of 5% diabetic patients (102) from the diabetic center in King Khalid hospital. An interviewing questionnaire was constructed covered the pertinent dependent (knowledge, attitudes and practice) and independent (age, sex, occupation, education, income, marital status and type of diabetes) variables. The questionnaire has been tested and proved valid and reliable during the preparatory research phase. Data have been managed using SPSS v.22.Results: The mean age of the studied diabetic patients was 37.47±14.25 years. The sex distribution was 39.20% (males) and 59.80% females. Most of the studied patients (61.80%) had inadequate knowledge about DM, while, positive attitudes (94.90%) and sound practice (80.40%) were satisfactory. Significant plausible factors have been adequately described and analyzed.Conclusions: Addressing the importance of diabetic knowledge and relevant plausible factors such as poor self-management, lack of motivation, inadequate social support are necessary for sustained life style modification behavior. A patient/self-empowerment approach to diabetes care may enhance the efficiency of DM prevention and control programs.Reference: 1. International Diabetic Federation (IDF), Diabetes Atlas Sixth edition, 2014. |
| Keywords: | Diabetes Mellitus, KAP, Prevalence, Saudi Arabia |
| JEL: | I10 I18 I19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:2603437&r=ara |
| By: | Changiz Valmohammadi Imamchaei (South Tehran Branch-Islamic Aazad University, Tehran, Iran) |
| Abstract: | The main purpose of this study is to explore the perception of Iranian experts and executive managers of sample organizations on the benefits and barriers of Internet of Things (IoT) solutions implementation. Based on the review of the related literature and web sites, benefits and barriers of successful implementation to IoT solutions were identified. Through a self-administered questionnaire which was collected from 67 Iranian organizations the ranking and importance of benefits and barriers of IoT solutions implementation were determined based on the perception of the experts of the surveyed organizations . Analysis of data and the obtained results revealed that “improved customer experience” and “Supply chain optimization and responsiveness” are the most important benefits that the survey organizations expect to reap as a result of IoT solutions implementation. Also,” Integration challenges" and “cannot find right suppliers” were ranked as the most challenging barriers to IoT solutions implementation. |
| Keywords: | Internet of Things (IoTs), exploratory study, Benefits, Barriers, Iran |
| JEL: | M15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:2603415&r=ara |
| By: | Serkan Erkam (Hacettepe University); Ugur Ilker Erdogan (Turkish Statistical Institute) |
| Abstract: | The aim of this study is to investigate a well-known calendar anomaly hypothesis, namely the day-of-the-week effect, in Borsa Istanbul (BIST). According to that hypothesis, in certain days of the week, stock returns show a regular pattern, particularly on Mondays returns are significantly negative and on Fridays returns are significantly positive, even in the stock markets of developed economies. Hence, this regular pattern presents a distinct challenge to the Efficient Market Hypothesis. For this purpose, a non-parametric multiple comparison test (Steel-Dwass Test) is employed on daily returns of BIST-100 Index, which covers one main and two sub-periods namely, (04.01.1998-27.03.2015), (04.01.1998 - 28.12.2001) and (02.01.2002 - 27.03.2015). The results indicate the existence of the day-of-the-week effect for the main period (04.01.1998-27.03.2015) and for the first sub-period (04.01.1998 - 28.12.2001). The contrary finding is valid for the second sub-period (02.01.2002 - 27.03.2015) and indicates a conclusion that the BIST is free from the day-of-the-week effect. This result could be attributed to the economic stabilization policies pursued in the Turkish economy aftermath of 2001 crisis. |
| Keywords: | Day-of-the-week effect, Efficient Market Hypothesis, Borsa Istanbul (BIST), Multiple Comparison Tests. |
| JEL: | C14 G14 G15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:2604423&r=ara |
| By: | World Bank Group |
| Keywords: | Health, Nutrition and Population - Disease Control & Prevention Health, Nutrition and Population - Health Economics & Finance Health, Nutrition and Population - Health Monitoring & Evaluation Health, Nutrition and Population - Health Systems Development & Reform Health, Nutrition and Population - Population Policies |
| Date: | 2015–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:22076&r=ara |
| By: | AYBEN KOY (ISTANBUL COMMERCE UNIVERSITY) |
| Abstract: | The link between stock prices and Credit Default Swaps (CDS) spreads is important for risk managers to make an investment decision. Furthermore, the choice of sector is important in the preference of the investors. The literature have different evidences as there is a powerful relation with the country CDS and the equity indices or not. This study aims to investigate the linkages between the CDS spreads and equity indices including the scope and diversity of sector. The sample of the study consists of BIST30, BIST100, BIST Bank and BIST Industry. The data of the study included the January 2013 and April 2014 were tried with weekly data range. |
| Keywords: | Credit Default Swaps, Equity Index, Sector Equity Index, BIST30, BIST100, Istanbul Stock Exchange, Vector Autoregression, Impulse Response, Variance Decomposition |
| JEL: | F21 F30 C58 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:2604117&r=ara |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Finance and Financial Sector Development - Debt Markets Energy - Energy Production and Transportation Finance and Financial Sector Development - Currencies and Exchange Rates Private Sector Development - Emerging Markets Macroeconomics and Economic Growth - Economic Forecasting Macroeconomics and Economic Growth - Economic Growth |
| Date: | 2015–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:22071&r=ara |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Finance and Financial Sector Development - Access to Finance Finance and Financial Sector Development - Banks & Banking Reform Macroeconomics and Economic Growth - Macroeconomic Management Private Sector Development - Emerging Markets |
| Date: | 2015–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:22047&r=ara |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Private Sector Development - Emerging Markets Finance and Financial Sector Development - Access to Finance Finance and Financial Sector Development - Bankruptcy and Resolution of Financial Distress Finance and Financial Sector Development - Banks & Banking Reform Finance and Financial Sector Development - Debt Markets |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:22099&r=ara |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Finance and Financial Sector Development - Access to Finance Banks and Banking Reform Economic Theory and Research Finance and Financial Sector Development - Debt Markets Finance and Financial Sector Development - Currencies and Exchange Rates Macroeconomics and Economic Growth Energy International Economics and Trade Water Supply and Sanitation |
| Date: | 2015–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:21761&r=ara |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics Policies Banks Banking Reform Economic Theory Research Private Sector Development - Emerging Markets Finance and Financial Sector Development - Debt Markets Macroeconomics and Economic Growth Environment |
| Date: | 2014–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:21968&r=ara |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Private Sector Development - Emerging Markets Public Sector Economics Transport Public Sector Development Macroeconomics and Economic Growth Finance and Financial Sector Development - Access to Finance Finance and Financial Sector Development - Banks & Banking Reform Finance and Financial Sector Development - Debt Markets Health, Nutrition and Population Transport Economics Policy & Planning Environment - Environmental Economics & Policies Health, Nutrition and Population - Health Monitoring & Evaluation |
| Date: | 2013–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:21971&r=ara |