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on Arab World |
| By: | Bozoglu, Mehmet; Bilgic, Abdulbaki; Yen, Steven T.; Huang, Chung L. |
| Abstract: | Turkey has experienced important sociodemographic and economic changes shaping food markets with the resultant significant changes on the consumers’ away from home and at home food consumptions. We analyze the effects of socio-demographic and economic factors of expenditures on food away from home (FAFH) and food at home food (FAH) for both urban and rural households. The study is based on the 2009 Turkish Household Expenditure Survey data and we model the food expenditure patterns using the multivariate sample selection approach. The empirical results suggest that urban households tend to spend more on FAFH than FAH as income increases, while the reverse is true for rural households. Other socio- demographic factors of households show varying impacts on FAFH and FAH between the two household groups. |
| Keywords: | Expenditures, food at home and away from home, multivariate sample selection, urban and rural households, Turkey., Agricultural and Food Policy, Consumer/Household Economics, D12, Q13, C31, |
| Date: | 2013 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea13:149737&r=ara |
| By: | Matkovskyy, Roman |
| Abstract: | This paper proposes an approach to explore the strength of the financial system of Turkey against the possibility of financial disturbances appearing based on the construction of the Index of Financial Safety (IFS) of a country. For this purpose the macro-prudential approach, system analyses, the basic principles of the theory of logical inference, principal of parsimony, principal component analysis are used. The results showed that the IFS applied to Turkey is able to capture the main perturbations in its financial system. |
| Keywords: | Financial safety, index of financial safety (IFS), financial risks |
| JEL: | C38 E50 G01 G17 |
| Date: | 2013 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:47673&r=ara |
| By: | Cheriet, F. |
| Abstract: | Current diagnosis and foresights analyzes show that the pressure on natural resources will increase if significant efforts are not made ??through the integration of technological, organizational and social modernization factors in agricultural public policies in Southern and Eastern Mediterranean Countries (SEMC). It also appears that the SEMC are lagging behind on the integration of sustainable development criteria in their public agricultural policies. The crucial issue of natural resources will crystallize around the optimal management and rational use of water and land resources. This question could lead to the emergence of local or regional tensions on control and use of water for agriculture, especially in the region of the eastern Mediterranean. For the Mediterranean countries, the issues of land, water and agricultural modernization arise with high acuity. In this difficult context for the SEMC, our contribution concludes to the need for strengthened Euro-Mediterranean cooperation to meet both challenges of food security and sustainable development. ....French Abstract : Les diagnostics actuels et les analyses prospectives montrent que les pressions sur les ressources naturelles déjà fortes, vont s’accentuer si des efforts importants ne sont pas consentis à travers l’intégration de nouveaux facteurs technologiques, organisationnels et sociaux dans les agricultures des pays du Sud et de l’Est de la Méditerranée (PSEM). Il ressort aussi que les PSEM accusent des retards, à divers degrés, quant à l’intégration des critères du développement durable dans leurs politiques agricoles publiques. L’enjeu crucial des ressources naturelles se cristallisera autour de la gestion optimale et l’utilisation raisonnée des ressources hydriques et foncières. À moyen terme, cette question pourrait aboutir à l’émergence de tensions locales, voire régionales, sur le contrôle et l’utilisation de l’eau agricole, notamment dans la région de l’Est de la Méditerranée. Pour les pays méditerranéens, les questions de la terre, de l’eau et de la modernisation agricole se posent avec une forte acuité. Dans ce contexte difficile pour les PSEM, notre contribution conclut à la nécessité d’une coopération euro-méditerranéenne renforcée, pour relever le double défi de la sécurité alimentaire et d’un développement régional durable intégré. |
| Keywords: | AGRICULTURAL NATURAL RESOURCES; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; PUBLIC POLICIES; MEDITERRANEAN; RESSOURCES NATURELLES AGRICOLES; DEVELOPPEMENT DURABLE; POLITIQUES PUBLIQUES; MEDITERRANEE |
| JEL: | Q01 Q18 Q56 |
| Date: | 2013 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:umr:wpaper:201306&r=ara |
| By: | Asci, Serhat; Koc, A. Ali; Erdem, M. Sukru |
| Abstract: | The competition between the U.S. and the E.U. agricultural subsidies during 1980s decreased the world prices in agricultural and food markets but caused an extensive distortion in the international trade of agricultural and food products. Under these circumstances, World Trade Organization (WTO) was founded in 1995 as an institute responsible for executing and auditing 1994 Uruguay Agricultural Agreement (UAA) to regulate agricultural subsidies and international trade measures. Import quotas in international trade were repealed or converted into tariff rates, and with time tariff rates were reduced gradually first by UAA initiatives and later by those of the WTO. However, WTO policies allow countries to have rights to take precautions and to impose measures necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health. In addition, countries continue to have rights to secure quality assurance in production, to protect environment, to regulate information transparency and accessibility, as well as to protect consumers against misleading labeling. These rights do not count as tariffs or quotas and are confirmed by international regulations, also referred to as technical regulations (Maskus et al. 2001). There is evidence that these technical regulations are now being used as political means in bilateral, regional and global trade in place of diminished tariffs and quotas. These regulations are called non-tariff barriers or technical barriers to trade. Developing countries are mostly affected by these regulations since they bear additional expenses to fulfill a mandatory standard imposed by the developed countries (Beghin and Bureau 2001). |
| Keywords: | International Trade, Gravity Model, Food and Agricultural Policy Analysis, Food Safety, Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, International Relations/Trade, |
| Date: | 2013–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea13:150021&r=ara |