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on Agricultural Economics |
| By: | Baldwin, Katherine L.; Miller, Noah; Todd, Jessica E. |
| Abstract: | This report summarizes the utilization of agricultural risk management strategies by U.S. farms between 1996 and 2020, using data from the Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS). The risk management strategies considered in this report fall into four categories: (1) on-farm strategies, such as income and production diversification, and storage; (2) market-based tools, including Federal Crop Insurance, marketing and production contracts; (3) other Government programs producers use for managing risk, including countercyclical-type programs and disaster programs; and (4) strategies to manage longer term strategic risk, including investments in farm improvements and succession planning. Results show that although some broad trends in risk management strategy utilization between 1996 and 2020 can be identified, these overall dynamics are often associated with factors related to farm size or commodity specialization. For the classes of strategies examined, results indicate that holding savings, engaging in off-farm employment, and purchasing insurance other than Federal Crop Insurance (such as private single-peril (e.g., hail or fire) policies, liability insurance, or property insurance) are the most frequently used strategies among all farms. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Crop Production/Industries, Dairy Farming, Farm Management, Land Economics/Use, Livestock Production/Industries, Marketing, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2026–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:uersib:396453 |
| By: | M. Levent Kurnaz |
| Abstract: | International commerce has long been seen as a key way to keep the global food system stable, allowing agricultural surpluses in some areas to compensate for shortages in others. This strategy has led to the rise of highly specialised processing hubs that combine significant industrial capacity with agricultural inputs sourced from throughout the world. T\"urkiye's flour sector -- currently the largest wheat flour exporter in the world -- represents one of the most prominent examples of this model. However, increasing climate variability and geopolitical fragmentation raise important questions regarding the long-term resilience of food systems that rely heavily on imported biological inputs. Recent research shows the growing probability of synchronised crop failures across multiple agricultural regions due to atmospheric circulation anomalies and climate-induced extreme weather events. The assumption that global markets can consistently rebalance supply disruptions through trade is challenged by such events. Using the flour industry of T\"urkiye as a case study, this paper investigates the susceptibility of globally integrated grain processing centres. In order to assess the correlation between the scope of industrial processing and the capacity of domestic agricultural production, we introduce the Biophysical Autonomy Ratio~(BAR). The analysis demonstrates that T\"urkiye's BAR has declined consistently over time, suggesting that its processing sector has expanded beyond the domestic production base. The results suggest that in order to enhance the resilience of the food system in the future, it may be necessary to establish a more precise alignment between biological production systems and industrial food infrastructure. The paper concludes by addressing the policy implications for national food security governance in the context of escalating climate instability. |
| Date: | 2026–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2604.17946 |
| By: | Gangadhar Dhulipala (Capitol Technology University, Laurel, MD, USA); Eugene J. Lewis (Capitol Technology University, Laurel, MD, USA) |
| Abstract: | Agricultural technology and medical innovation are increasingly intersecting as humanity faces the dual challenges of food security and a worsening global obesity pandemic. While advances in precision agriculture and sustainable farming have secured unprecedented food availability, industrialized food systems have inadvertently accelerated obesity rates by prioritizing caloric efficiency over nutrient density. Simultaneously, breakthroughs in weight loss pharmacotherapies (such as GLP-1 receptor agonists) offer critical solutions, yet their real world impact is heavily constrained by systemic inequities, high costs, and access barriers. This policy paper argues that treating agricultural yield and medical treatment as separate domains is no longer viable. To sustainably feed the world and mitigate the health consequences of overconsumption, this paper proposes an integrated policy framework. Specifically, it recommends three actionable steps: the development of multi-sectoral agri-health simulation models, the expansion of equitable access to weight loss pharmacotherapies for vulnerable populations, and the mandate of joint longitudinal data collection tracking climate, dietary, and pharmacological trends. By aligning agricultural innovation with equitable medical interventions, policymakers can successfully bridge the gap between food abundance and long-term population health as the 21st century progresses. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Technology, Biotechnology, Industrialized Food Systems, Metabolic Science, Public Health, Sustainable Farming Practice, Weight Loss Drugs |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:smo:raiswp:0643 |
| By: | Catherine Laroche-Dupraz (SMART-LERECO - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | After distinguishing it from food autonomy, we show that the definition of a food sovereignty strategy deserves to be discussed in the light of planetary limits and global food security. Scientific literature and foresight help to identify the implications of respecting these conditions for national and sub-national scales, but methods to help define a coherent territorial strategy have yet to be developed. |
| Abstract: | Après l'avoir distinguée de l'autonomie alimentaire, nous montrons que la définition d'une stratégie de souveraineté alimentaire mérite d'être discutée au regard des limites planétaires et de la sécurité alimentaire mondiale. La littérature scientifique et les prospectives permettent d'identifier les implications du respect de ces limites et contraintes pour les échelles nationale et infranationale. Toutefois le travail reste entier quant à la méthode à adopter pour faire converger les stratégies des territoires vers un futur désirable partagé. |
| Keywords: | Prospective, International trade, Agriculture, EU, France, Food sovereignty, Commerce international, UE, Souveraineté alimentaire |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05582161 |
| By: | Zhao, Hongxi; Gammans, Matthew |
| Abstract: | This brief examines the prevalence and geographic distribution of federal conservation easements on private land in the United States using PAD-US data. Federal easement acreage is highly concentrated in large western and Plains states, with North Dakota and South Dakota ranking first and second in total private land area under federal easement. Easement shares are especially high in the Northern Plains, where more than 7 percent of privately owned land in the Dakotas is under federal easement, often in areas with substantial agricultural production. The number of easements grew slowly before 1990, accelerated with the Wetlands Reserve Program, Farm and Ranch Lands Protection Program, and Grassland Reserve Program, and continued under the Agricultural Conservation Easement Program after 2014. Most federal easements in the dataset are perpetual conservation easements. The findings highlight why easement policy remains controversial in working-land regions and why recent proposals to limit contract duration have gained attention among landowners and policymakers. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Sustainability |
| Date: | 2026–04–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:arpcbr:397806 |
| By: | Martyshev, Pavlo; Grigoriadis, Theocharis; Nivievskyi, Oleg; Kolodiazhnyi, Ivan |
| Abstract: | The weaponization of agricultural trade has once again emerged as critical in the study of modern geopolitics due to Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine. Although Russia has used its wheat exports as a means of enhancing its geopolitical influence over countries in the Global South, evidence on the impact of such a policy is scarce. This paper assesses the impact of reliance on Russian and Ukrainian wheat imports on food security and political development in sub-Saharan African countries. The panel data for the analysis come from 35 African countries between 2005 and 2024. The Bartik-style shift-share instrumental variables (IV) model utilizes exogenous variables derived from the historical shares of wheat that African countries imported from Russia and Ukraine multiplied by the export contractions caused by geopolitical conflicts in 2014 (Crimea annexation) and 2022 (full-scale invasion of Ukraine). The dependence on Russian wheat has had a uniquely adverse impact upon the development of sub-Saharan Africa, whereas this has not been the case for the dependence on Ukrainian wheat. Prior to 2022, the dependence on Russian wheat had no significant impact upon the reduction of undernourishment in Africa, but had a significant impact on the rise of political instability. After 2022, though, the Russian wheat played a crucial role in the food insecurity within the region. While democratic indices remained unaffected by Russian wheat, other geopolitical factors such as U.S. development aid and Chinese development finance were not able to counter the negative effects of Russian wheat exports. Our findings identify an independent vector of autocratic influence enabled through Russian agricultural exports. For sustainable political development within sub-Saharan Africa, the diversification of staple food suppliers is urgently required. |
| Keywords: | development, food security, political stability, democracy, wheat, Russia, Africa |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:fubsbe:340110 |
| By: | Bertini, Raffaele; Grigoriadis, Theocharis |
| Abstract: | This paper estimates the causal effect of renewable water conditions and water use on violent conflict in rural agrifood systems. We implement a fixed-effects instrumental variables strategy that uses plausibly exogenous temperature and precipitation shocks to instrument multiple water outcomes. Annual specifications are imprecise, but five-year aggregations yield sharper inference and show that higher renewable freshwater availability significantly reduces conflict risk. Water use margins are central: freshwater withdrawals are associated with lower conflict, whereas higher aggregate water-use efficiency is associated with increased conflict risk. Overall, the results indicate that climate-driven water shocks operate through distinct channels - stocks, withdrawals, and efficiency-and that empirical conclusions depend critically on time aggregation and the definition of water being instrumented. The findings imply that climate adaptation and water policy should be paired with conflict-sensitive governance and improved measurement of local water use and access. |
| Keywords: | agrifood systems, hydro-climatic shocks, violent conflict, water-use efficiency, instrumental variables |
| JEL: | Q25 Q15 D74 Q54 C26 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:fubsbe:340109 |
| By: | Antoine Ducastel (UMR ART-Dev - Acteurs, Ressources et Territoires dans le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier - UMPV - Université de Montpellier Paul-Valéry) |
| Abstract: | Since 2020, many policies and studies have highlighted a significant funding gap for climate adaptation and mitigation in agriculture. This chapter examines how different actors frame the finance-agriculture-climate nexus and the public instruments proposed to address funding shortages. It reviews recent efforts to mobilize climate finance, focusing on innovative public-private financial tools and repurposing existing public funds toward "sustainable" agriculture. The financialization of agricultural climate policies emphasizes risk-return dimensions, shaping both the volume and the flows of funding. This often limits support for climate-vulnerable groups and countries. |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05592001 |
| By: | Lennart Ante; Friedrich-Philipp Wazinski; Aman Saggu |
| Abstract: | Biodiversity loss is accelerating at an unprecedented pace, threatening ecosystem stability, economic resilience, and human well-being, with billions required to reverse current trends. Against this backdrop, biodiversity finance has emerged as a rapidly expanding but highly fragmented field spanning ecology, economics, finance, accounting, and policy. However, it remains emerging and complex, with the majority of relevant knowledge being produced in non-finance journals. This study employs quantitative bibliometric analysis to examine a corpus of 189, 456 references underlying 3, 998 articles related to biodiversity and finance. The analysis identifies eight primary research streams within the field that concern (1) strategic and financial approaches in global biodiversity conservation, (2) the impact and implementation of payments for environmental services (PES) in developing countries, (3) neoliberal influences and implications in environmental conservation, (4) biodiversity offsets and conservation, (5) ecosystem services and biodiversity, (6) integrating conservation and community interests in biodiversity management, (7) balancing agricultural intensification with biodiversity conservation, and (8) global and corporate biodiversity reporting. The characteristics of each research stream and its prevalent publications are outlined, alongside an analysis of their temporal evolution and the degree of information exchange among the research streams. The findings provide a structured map of the intellectual architecture of biodiversity finance, document pronounced silos between economically-oriented and critical/political-economy research streams, and translate these patterns into a focused research agenda and implications for policymakers, financial institutions, and corporate actors. |
| Date: | 2026–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2604.21569 |
| By: | Beverley Jane Wingfield (Department of Financial Management, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa); Onur Polat (Institute of Informatics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye); Sonali Das (Department of Business Management, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa); Rangan Gupta (Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa) |
| Abstract: | Biodiversity loss and climate change are often treated as a single environmental problem, yet it remains unclear whether they generate distinct forms of public attention. This paper addresses this gap by examining whether biodiversity-related attention constitutes an independent signal or is largely absorbed within climate attention. We construct a South African Biodiversity Attention Index (SABAI) using monthly Google Trends data from 2004--2025 based on a 242-term dictionary that combines global biodiversity concepts with South African ecological terminology. SABAI is analysed jointly with the Climate Attention Index for South Africa (CAI-SA) within a time-varying parameter vector autoregressive (TVP-VAR) connectedness framework. The results show that biodiversity attention and climate attention are positively related but not interchangeable. Biodiversity attention acts as the dominant net transmitter of shocks for most of the sample, while climate attention is generally the net receiver. Crucially, total connectedness declines over time, providing clear evidence that the two attention series are becoming increasingly distinct rather than more integrated. The dynamics of SABAI further suggest that biodiversity attention responds to identifiable biodiversityrelated events. These findings establish that biodiversity attention captures an independent and evolving dimension of environmental concern. The results challenge the common practice of treating biodiversity loss as a secondary component of climate change and highlight the need to analyse biodiversity dynamics in their own right. |
| Keywords: | Biodiversity Attention Index, Climate Attention Index, Google Trends, Spillover, South Africa |
| JEL: | C32 Q54 Q57 |
| Date: | 2026–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pre:wpaper:202613 |
| By: | Ussama Bin Sajjad Kiyani (Pakistan Institute of Development Economics) |
| Abstract: | Pakistan is continuously oscillating between urban flooding and water supply shortages. The declining groundwater levels, coupled with rising population pressures, changing weather patterns, and inefficiencies of centralized piping systems, increase this stress on water resources. In this brief, we examine decentralized water management systems, specifically rainwater harvesting and greywater reuse, and showcase their viability in enhancing water security. Studies show that these systems are capable of meeting up to 50% of the urban water demand. In the case of Nawabshah, a catchment area of 13, 431m² demonstrated a 1, 062m³ annual rainwater harvesting potential. These systems help boost climate resilience as well. In Cairo, a greywater treatment plant showed a remarkable reduction of more than 90% in pollutants such as chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). Although promising, the adoption of such systems in Pakistan is unfortunately stagnant. Proven pilots exist but lack scaling. In order to realize true urban water sustainability, we need to start embedding these decentralized systems into our urban planning frameworks. Their successful adoption requires a coherent governance structure with strong regulations, unified building codes, incentives for compliance, and rigorous monitoring. |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pid:kbrief:2026:138 |
| By: | C. Jardon (Solveo Energies, UPR HORTSYS - Fonctionnement agroécologique et performances des systèmes de cultures horticoles - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Cirad-PERSYST - Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, PIAF - Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne); M. Saudreau (PIAF - Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne); I. Grechi (UPR HORTSYS - Fonctionnement agroécologique et performances des systèmes de cultures horticoles - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Cirad-PERSYST - Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Frédéric Boudon (UMR AGAP - Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier, Cirad-BIOS - Département Systèmes Biologiques - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); P. Guerrier (Solveo Energies); F. Normand (UPR HORTSYS - Fonctionnement agroécologique et performances des systèmes de cultures horticoles - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Cirad-PERSYST - Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement) |
| Abstract: | Temperate fruits orchards in the South of France face strong climatic hazards such as late frost during flowering or fruit set, or high temperature and drought during fruit growth and after harvest. Agrivoltaic systems modify the micro-environment around the crops, especially irradiation and temperature, and they can positively mitigate those hazards or negatively affect fruit production through excessive shading for instance. Dynamic agrivoltaic system (AVD) is a photovoltaic system with controlled mobile panels that can be used to optimize climatic hazards mitigation. But it requires AVD steering strategies that are relevant to the biological and environmental needs of the species cultivated below. These needs may vary between day and night, and over the year according to the species phenological stages. Results are already available for vineyards, apple, and pear orchards in Europe, but no result has been published yet for stone fruits. Regarding early apricot cultivars, AVD could mitigate damages due to late frost, excess of irradiation, drought, and high temperature. Optimization of panels movements requires a better understanding of the impacts of dynamic shading on apricot trees production. Here, we address that gap with two experiments in the South of France (Rivesaltes), one with young trees and the other one with adult trees, including full sun and different steered AVD modalities. The study aims at i) creating a prediction tool to evaluate irradiation and canopy temperature under AVD according to site location, date, and structure characteristics; and ii) assessing the effects of AVD and steering strategies on vegetative growth, ecophysiological processes and fruit production on young and adult trees. The applied objective is to define AVD steering strategies to maximize both apricot production and electric production. |
| Keywords: | photovoltaics, Prunus armeniaca, yield components, ecophysiology, dynamic shading, irradiation |
| Date: | 2026–03–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04884071 |
| By: | Laurence Roudart; Lou Plateau |
| Date: | 2026–02–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulb:ulbeco:2013/405813 |
| By: | François Bareille (UMR PSAE - Paris-Saclay Applied Economics - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, CMCC - Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change, RFF-CMCC European Institute on Economics and the Environment (Milan), GSSI - Gran Sasso Science Institute); Philippe Delacote (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, CEC - Chaire Economie du Climat - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres); Abdoul Latif Sokoundou (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, CEC - Chaire Economie du Climat - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres) |
| Abstract: | This study extends the Ricardian framework to forestry by accounting for tree growth and harvest dynamics. Indeed, whereas standard Ricardian applications in agriculture assume that farmland prices reflect a perpetual flow of annual profits from the most climate-adapted crops, forestland prices additionally capitalize the age-dependent value of standing timber accumulated over decades. Coupling the Ricardian and Faustmann approaches, we theoretically show that this age dependence is systematically tied to species (and therefore to climate), so that stand age becomes a confounding factor in standard pooled Ricardian regressions. Our theory implies a correction – the age-structured Ricardian approach – that regresses the climate-value relationship across stand-age classes, with the coefficients obtained for the youngest class providing the closest approximation to the true Ricardian effects in the context of forestry. Using geolocated plot-level data from all forestland transactions in France between 2014 and 2023 (over 100, 000 plots) matched to forest age at sale (1–219 years), we empirically confirm that standard pooled Ricardian estimates are biased, typically understating the benefits of warmer climates to forestry – in our case, by nearly a factor of two. Consistent with our theory, age-structured coefficients exhibit an inverted U-shape with stand age: capitalization of climate productive effects into forestland prices first strengthens as stands mature and then weakens as slow-growing species increasingly dominate older age classes. Our findings hold under multiple sensitivity analyses and extensions, making clear that ignoring age-related dynamics systematically biases climate estimates in Ricardian applications to forestry. |
| Abstract: | Cette étude étend le cadre ricardien à la sylviculture en tenant compte de la croissance des arbres et de la dynamique de l'exploitation forestière. En effet, alors que les applications ricardiennes standard en agriculture supposent que les prix des terres agricoles reflètent un flux perpétuel de profits annuels provenant des cultures les mieux adaptées au climat, les prix des terres forestières capitalisent en outre la valeur, qui dépend de l'âge, du bois sur pied accumulé au fil des décennies. En couplant les approches ricardienne et de Faustmann, nous montrons théoriquement que cette dépendance à l'âge est systématiquement liée à l'espèce (et donc au climat), de sorte que l'âge du peuplement devient un facteur de confusion dans les régressions ricardiennes standard regroupées. Notre théorie implique une correction – l'approche ricardienne structurée par l'âge – qui effectue une régression de la relation entre le climat et la valeur sur l'ensemble des classes d'âge des peuplements, les coefficients obtenus pour la classe la plus jeune fournissant l'approximation la plus proche des véritables effets ricardiens dans le contexte de la sylviculture. À partir de données géolocalisées au niveau des parcelles issues de toutes les transactions foncières forestières en France entre 2014 et 2023 (plus de 100 000 parcelles), mises en correspondance avec l'âge des peuplements au moment de la vente (1 à 219 ans), nous confirmons empiriquement que les estimations ricardiennes standard agrégées sont biaisées, sous-estimant généralement les avantages d'un climat plus chaud pour la sylviculture – dans notre cas, d'un facteur de près de deux. Conformément à notre théorie, les coefficients structurés par âge présentent une courbe en U inversé avec l'âge des peuplements : la capitalisation des effets productifs du climat dans les prix des terres forestières s'accentue d'abord à mesure que les peuplements mûrissent, puis s'affaiblit à mesure que les espèces à croissance lente dominent de plus en plus les classes d'âge plus avancées. Nos résultats se confirment dans le cadre de multiples analyses de sensibilité et extensions, montrant clairement que le fait d'ignorer les dynamiques liées à l'âge biaise systématiquement les estimations climatiques dans les applications ricardiennes à la sylviculture. |
| Keywords: | Land market, Forest amenities, Hedonic valuation, Market-based valuation, Revealed-preference valuation, Stand age, Ricardian method |
| Date: | 2026–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05595141 |
| By: | Rogna Marco (European Commission - JRC); Tillie Pascal (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | Adopted in June 2023, the European Union Regulation on Deforestation-free products (EUDR) aims at reducing global deforestation by creating a traceability system that should prevent products that have caused deforestation to be placed on, or exported from, the European market. The price increase of several commodities covered by the EUDR in the last few years has raised the concern that this could have been caused by the same regulation, due to increased production or compliance costs or market operator behaviour, even before the effective application of the EUDR. The present study tries to assess this hypothesis using descriptive statistics and data visualization. Several elements seem to indicate a distinctive pattern in the price increase of the commodities covered by the EUDR after 2023, but an imbalance between demand and supply for many of such commodities strongly undermines the argument of a causal effect of the regulation. Indeed, considering this imbalance, it appears that the observed price spikes for some EUDR-regulated commodities may have coincided with the entrance into force of the EUDR by chance, rather than being a direct consequence of the regulation. |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:eapoaf:202601 |
| By: | Ferguson, Michael |
| Abstract: | Increasing visitation to Wilderness Areas is intensifying pressure on ecological conditions and visitor experience quality, highlighting gaps in current monitoring systems that rely heavily on biophysical indicators while overlooking visitor-based psychological and experiential dimensions. This mixed-methods study addresses these gaps by operationalizing Wilderness Character Qualities as measurable visitor motivations and examining how these motivations relate to substitution-based coping behaviors and intentions to return across the six Wilderness Areas of the White Mountain National Forest in New Hampshire, USA. Guided by stress-coping theory, the research assessed how the perceived importance of core wilderness motivations (e.g., solitude, pristineness, unconfined recreation) shaped behavioral adaptation and long-term visitor loyalty. On-site intercept surveys (n=1, 086) provided quantitative and qualitative data analyzed using descriptive statistics, structural equation modeling, and thematic coding. Findings extend stress-coping theory by demonstrating that coping functions as an adaptive, experience-maintaining process rather than solely a reaction to participation impacts. Visitors who placed high importance on solitude and pristineness were more likely to adjust timing or location through temporal and resource substitutions to maintain desired conditions. These adaptive behaviors, in turn, positively influenced return intentions, highlighting substitution as a key mediating process linking motivations to loyalty. Results provide a validated approach for assessing wilderness character from the visitor perspective and a theory-driven framework for integrating motivations, coping, and loyalty into wilderness management. Strategies that promote voluntary temporal or spatial dispersion, improve infrastructure, and offer targeted educational messaging can help sustain core wilderness character quality while supporting long-term visitor retention. |
| Date: | 2026–04–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:cp2bj_v1 |
| By: | Robert Botha; Roy Havemann |
| Abstract: | Explores how private sector participation in water service provision could improve efficiency, service delivery, and infrastructure maintenance in South Africa's water sector. |
| Keywords: | water, private sector, service delivery, infrastructure, South Africa |
| JEL: | L95 Q25 H44 |
| Date: | 2025–08–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cxs:wpaper:202504 |
| By: | Calafate, Vítor; Costa, Francisco J M (FGV EPGE Brazilian School of Economics and Finance); Pessoa, João Paulo |
| Abstract: | Extreme weather events can undermine political representation by preventing vulnerable populations from voting. Using georeferenced polling-station records from eight Brazilian elections (2010–2024) matched to daily river discharge, we exploit within-polling-station variation to show that historically low river discharge on election day increases voter abstention in communities dependent on river transportation. The effects are larger in polling sections with higher illiteracy rates and married voters. These shocks also shift electoral outcomes by reducing the vote share of parties whose bases overlap with affected populations. Our findings show that climate change can systematically weaken the political voice of the populations most exposed to climate damages. |
| Date: | 2026–04–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:ypgsf_v1 |
| By: | Asuamah Yeboah, Samuel |
| Abstract: | This study examines whether fertiliser-use intensity in Ghana responds to policy and price shocks by modelling input behaviour as a persistence-driven process. Using annual data from 1960 to 2020, a trend-augmented AR(1) model is estimated to capture both short-run adjustments and long-run structural dynamics. The results reveal a high persistence coefficient, indicating that more than ninety per cent of past fertiliser use carries over into the current period, consistent with adjustment-cost theory and gradual learning. A significant negative deterministic trend suggests a long-run decline in fertiliser-use intensity despite recurrent subsidy interventions. Diagnostic tests confirm strong volatility persistence linked to global price shocks, exchange-rate depreciation and domestic supply constraints. The findings demonstrate that fertiliser-use behaviour adjusts slowly, with policy and price shocks producing long-lived rather than transient effects. The study contributes originality by applying a persistence framework to fertiliser use, quantifying the duration of shocks and identifying structural decline. Policy implications emphasise the need for stable multi-year fertiliser programmes, macroeconomic stabilisation and sustainability-oriented nutrient management. The results provide a dynamic understanding of fertiliser-use behaviour that can support more resilient agricultural-input policies in Ghana. |
| Keywords: | Persistence; Policy shocks; Price shocks; Dynamic adjustment; Agricultural input markets; AR(1) model |
| JEL: | C22 Q12 Q18 Q56 |
| Date: | 2026–03–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:128697 |