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on Agricultural Economics |
| By: | Cenacchi, Nicola; Petsakos, Athanasios; Robertson, Richard D.; Song, Chun; Mishra, Abhijeet |
| Abstract: | Food systems face dire challenges, including climate change, biodiversity loss, and resource overuse. To ensure their long-term sustainability and resilience they need urgent transformation, while continuing to support livelihoods and address rising food insecurity. The design and management of multifunctional agricultural landscapes offer a pathway to address these challenges; and improved understanding of landscape complexity, including a diverse mix of natural and cropland covers, can help advance achievement of multiple food system goals. As land managers and decision makers plan for the future of our landscapes, they need to recognize that powerful forces outside their control will have a strong influence on the final outcome. This study explores the interplay between global drivers—such as population growth, economic trends, climate change—and landscape complexity, using a modeling system linking a global agricultural economic model to a land-use model. Global trends are described, and Kenya serves as a case study, representing broader local dynamics. Results indicate that the majority of agricultural landscapes, globally and in Kenya, are projected to experience increased complexity by 2050, primarily through cropland expansion at the expense of natural habitats. However, there are a few instances where an expansion in cropland may be liked to a decrease in landscape complexity. Patterns also vary under alternative scenarios of agricultural development. Where greater complexity is achieved through policies that further concentrate agricultural land in some areas, this is mainly associated with net gains in natural habitats and a contraction of cropland. Overall, this preliminary research underscores the need for integrated landscape management and more comprehensive scenarios to inform sustainable land-use planning aligned with global food security and environmental objectives. |
| Keywords: | landscape; socioeconomics; climate change; agricultural policies; land-use change; modelling |
| Date: | 2025–06–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:gsspwp:175363 |
| By: | Reich, Charlotte; Bae, Dongjin; Mußhoff, Oliver; Bruns, Selina J. K. |
| Abstract: | Transformation of the food system is critical in the face of growing challenges such as climate change. Smallholder farmers in the Global South are particularly vulnerable to these challenges, often living in poverty. One potential pathway to increasing their resilience and income is through price premiums and consistent buy-offs from supermarkets. However, supermarkets rarely source from domestic smallholder farmers due to unstable production and a lack of guarantee of complying with food safety standards. An instrument to overcome these shortcomings are certification schemes. However, for a farmer to invest in or for a policy to subsidize certification, it is central to understand if there is a consumer group that will respond to it. Thus, our objective is to investigate whether urban consumers in a low-income country setting are willing to pay a premium for certified food. We specifically focus on Cambodia and the newly established Cambodian Good Agricultural Practice (CamGAP) certification, which promotes food safety. This research seeks to understand whether the willingness to pay (WTP) of consumers can support the entry of small farmers into the supermarket supply chain. In markets where food safety is an emerging concern but clear signals are lacking, a key question is whether certification can override existing heuristics consumers currently use to identify safe food. We used a quantitative questionnaire and a discrete choice experiment (DCE) with middle to high income urban shoppers to assess their WTP for CamGAP certified food. We also conducted an information treatment as part of the DCE by showing a short video to a randomly selected treatment group to examine the impact of consumer knowledge on purchasing decisions. Our results show that consumers' WTP is higher for certified food, with an even stronger WTP after receiving the information treatment. Notably, consumers were also more willing to pay for domestic fresh food after the treatment. Our study provides first evidence for governments and international agencies that certification can support smallholder farmers in accessing supermarkets, even in countries where food safety certifications are just entering the market. |
| Keywords: | Smallholder Farmers, Discrete Choice Experiment, Willingness to Pay, Market Integration |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:daredp:323233 |
| By: | USDA Risk Management Agency |
| Abstract: | [Contents:] Defining Crop Insurance --- Why Purchase Crop Insurance? --- How to Purchase Crop Insurance --- Benefits Available for Beginning/Veteran Farmers and Ranchers --- Cost of Crop Insurance? --- Whole Farm Revenue Protection and Micro Farm --- Key Terms in Crop Insurance --- Key Dates in Crop Insurance --- Connecting with RMA --- Other USDA Resources. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Crop Production/Industries, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usdami:364292 |
| By: | Suproń, Błażej |
| Abstract: | Aim: The aim of this study is to econometrically assess the long-term impact of Green Deal-related regulatory areas on cereal crop production in European Union countries. Methods: The study is based on an analysis of panel data for 21 European Union countries for the period 1995–2021. The FGLS, PCSE and CCEMG models, which are robust to heteroskedasticity and cross-sectional dependence, were used to determine the impact of agricultural CO2 emissions, agricultural area, food production volumes and fertilizer consumption on cereal production. In addition, a robust test of the Westerlund ECM panel test model was applied to confirm cointegration. All models were bootstrapped to strengthen the results. Results: The results show that, in the long run, a 10% increase in CO2 emissions from agriculture leads to an average decrease in cereal production of 0.5%. A 1% increase in cultivated area leads to a 1.1% positive change in the value of cereal production, and a 1% increase in fertilizer use per hectare leads to a 0.38% increase in cereal production. The value of the food production index also shows a positive effect on cereal production. If the index increases by 1 p.p., cereal production increases by 1.13% in the long term. The study also found a positive relationship between an increase in the share of renewable energy and the volume of cereal production. If the share of renewable energy increases by 1%, the volume of cereal production in the EU countries increases by 0.11%. Conclusions: Overall, it can be concluded that the green transformation brings both negative and positive aspects of change to agriculture. The decrease in cultivated land and reduced use of artificial fertilizers may negatively impact farm productivity in crop production areas. On the other hand, the improvement of climatic conditions and the development of renewable energies could be beneficial for agriculture in the long term. The study is original in the sense that it fills an empirical and theoretical gap related to the verification of the impact of the Green Deal on the cereal production sector and thus on agriculture in the European Union. |
| Keywords: | Cereal production; Agriculture; FGLS; Green transformation; European Union |
| JEL: | C23 O13 O47 Q15 Q54 |
| Date: | 2024–03–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:122723 |
| By: | Ulep, Valerie Gilbert T.; Casas, Lyle Daryll D.; Nkoroi, Alice; Talamayan, Jann Trizia; Conjares, Ma. Norma Thea Madeline; San Valentin, Carleneth |
| Abstract: | In the Philippines, children continue to face challenges in accessing healthy, sustainable, and diverse diets that provide sufficient nutrients for growth and development. This is especially critical given the importance of early developmental stages. The overall structure and functioning of the food system shape children’s diets. Failures in the food system contribute to the triple burden of malnutrition in the country, with children from poorer households particularly vulnerable to undernutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, overweight, and obesity. Using available secondary data, this paper examines the complex interplay between the food system—encompassing the food supply chain, food environment, and individual-level factors—and its impact on children’s diets. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for designing effective interventions to enhance dietary diversity and improve nutrition outcomes. Findings indicate that despite decades of targeted interventions and increased food availability, the Philippine food system remains unable to consistently deliver safe, nutritious, and affordable diets to all. As a result, 48.1 million people cannot afford a healthy diet. Addressing the root causes of limited access and availability is key to breaking the cycle of poverty and malnutrition. Building a resilient, equitable food system requires coordinated action to strengthen food supply chains, food environments, and nutrition behaviors and practices. These efforts are essential for improving child nutrition and ensuring a healthier future generation. Comments to this paper are welcome within 60 days from the date of posting. Email publications@mail.pids.gov.ph. |
| Keywords: | food systems;food supply chain;food environment;child nutrition;Philippines |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phd:dpaper:dp_2025-18 |
| By: | Boukaka, Sedi Anne; Kimaiyo, Faith; Kramer, Berber; Ayalew, Hailemariam; Place, Frank |
| Abstract: | Kenya hosted one of CGIAR’s largest portfolios of research and innovation from 2022 to 2024, when pooled funding for the CGIAR was distributed through CGIAR research initiatives. This paper synthesizes CGIAR’s contributions to Kenyan agriculture in that period by triangulating two evidence streams: 148 outcomes logged in the CGIAR Performance and Results Management System (PRMS) and 56 impact assessments published as peer-reviewed journal articles. The analysis shows that CGIAR’s work has catalyzed improvements in seed systems, facilitated refinements in agronomic techniques, and encouraged the adoption of climate-resilient, sustainable farming practices and technologies. These contributions have paved the way for increasing crop productivity, while also supporting key livestock innovations that enhance food safety and bolster the resilience of pastoral communities. Robust local partnerships underpinned several policy shifts and helped align many outputs with the Bottom-Up Economic Transformation Agenda (BETA). Yet, important gaps persist. Activities are mainly concentrated in easily reached areas rather than being spread across all agro-ecological zones, and outcomes are recorded in an isolated way, obscuring how separate successes add up to systemic change. Peer-reviewed impact evaluations focused on a different set of impact areas than outcomes reported in PRMS, rarely involve cross-center collaborations, and PRMS entries seldom document how evidence, policy uptake, and multidisciplinary collaboration link together. Looking ahead to the next CGIAR Science Programs phase, the paper urges broader engagement with under-served value chains, deeper cross-program synergies, and closer alignment with Kenya’s BETA and MTP IV priorities to foster inclusive, resilient agricultural growth. |
| Keywords: | agriculture; agricultural innovation; food systems; impact assessment; resilience; Kenya; Africa; Eastern Africa |
| Date: | 2025–06–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:gsspwp:175411 |
| By: | Fatiha Fort (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Solenn Latour (UMPV - Université de Montpellier Paul-Valéry); Florent Saucède (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | Many people would argue that food plays a major role in their well-being. It is recognized that food experiences are embedded in a particular food culture and are shaped by that culture's history, social norms, values and beliefs. Eating, a multi-day act, plays an important role in achieving a good life and food-related well-being (Diener et al., 2003; Ares et al., 2016). Based on the Aristotelian philosophy of happiness, recent research considers two dimensions of wellbeing (Stark et al., 2018; Kashdan et al., 2018). The hedonic dimension focuses on the achievement of happiness and pleasure, and the eudaimonic dimension emphasizes meaning and self-realization (Ryan & Deci, 2001). The hedonic dimension of food has been the main focus of many researches due to its impact on health and the effectiveness of public health claims. A hedonic product provides an affective, multisensory, emotional experience (Hirschman & Holbrook, 1982) leading to enjoyment and pleasure (Dhar & Wertenbroch, 2000). Research has provided insights into how food consumption can lead to pleasure. Cornila & Chandon (2016a) have identified visceral pleasure and epicurean pleasure and consider that reducing the visceral one could contribute to healthy eating, Batat et al. (2019) consider a more holistic view of the experiential pleasure of food and have proposed that it could help shift consumer behavior towards well-being. The eudaimonic dimension of food has received less attention from researchers and a full understanding of the eudaimonic dimension of food experience is still little explored due to the lack of an agreed general theory, the usefulness of distinguishing it from the hedonic dimension and the difficulty of measuring it (Mugel et al., 2019, Kashdan et al., 2008). Based on the hedonic and eudaimonic dimensions of food well-being, we highlight this major tension that can arise in food choices. This paper analyses different ways in which consumers can manage pleasure and the hedonic dimension of food consumption, while maintaining the eudaimonic dimension of food in relation to individual fulfilment, health and sustainability. We conducted a QCA analysis of the discourse of 34 consumers of traditional foods that carry pleasure, health and ethical dimensions. Results showed that in a holistic food consumption experience, the hedonic and eudaimonic dimensions of food well-being were distinct and that consumers might have been motivated by one, both, or neither. Based on these results, we highlight different ways in which consumers can reduce the tension between pleasure and ethics. |
| Date: | 2025–07–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05165564 |
| By: | Kohnert, Dirk |
| Abstract: | The establishment of commodity exchanges offers significant advantages for low-income, agriculturally dependent countries seeking to enhance export performance. A notable example is the Ethiopian Commodity Exchange (ECX), which contributed to a substantial increase in coffee exports, benefiting producers through expanded export volumes and diversified market access. Similarly, in May 2025, Côte d’Ivoire launched West Africa’s first agricultural commodities exchange, supported by the Regional Stock Exchange (BRVM)—the common securities market for the eight member states of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU). Initially, this exchange lists cashew nuts, kola nuts, and maize, with plans to expand trading to cocoa and approximately twenty additional commodities in the future. Africa currently hosts 38 stock exchanges across 29 national capital markets, 22 of which are members of the African Securities Exchanges Association (ASEA). Among these, 12 countries facilitate agricultural commodity trading: South Africa, Nigeria, Kenya, Côte d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Mozambique, Rwanda, and Uganda. Commodity exchanges in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) play a pivotal role in strengthening market structures by improving market access, mitigating price volatility, and integrating smallholder farmers into formal economic systems. Despite structural challenges—such as infrastructural deficits and capacity-building needs—these platforms demonstrate considerable potential for fostering sustainable agricultural development in the region. Empirical evidence suggests that while market capitalization negatively impacts agricultural growth, the value of traded stocks exerts a positive influence. Consequently, governments in African emerging economies should prioritize capital market expansion to stimulate growth through agricultural value addition. Policy frameworks that bolster investor confidence via institutional strengthening and stock market development are essential. However, it is equally critical to recognize the potential for cross-market risk transmission, given the continent’s heavy reliance on commodities and the interdependence between stock market performance and macroeconomic stability. Risk transmission arises when information dissemination is delayed or incomplete, leading to contagion effects where adverse market sentiment spreads irrespective of local conditions. Notably, commodity prices and exchange rate fluctuations exhibit bidirectional risk transmission with SSA stock markets, particularly over the long term. Thus, shifts in these variables can significantly influence stock market volatility in the region. |
| Keywords: | Commodity exchange; LDC’s; cash crops; agriculture, growth; Sub-Saharan Africa; coffee; cacao; cashew nuts; kola nuts; maize; ASEA; South Africa; Nigeria; Kenya; Côte d’Ivoire; Ethiopia; market capitalization; stock market performance; risk transmission; exchange rate; market efficiency; smallholder farmers; institutional economics; price discovery; |
| JEL: | D23 D24 D44 D53 D84 E02 N17 N27 N57 O13 Q13 Z13 |
| Date: | 2025–07–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:125200 |
| By: | Kohnert, Dirk |
| Abstract: | In the 21st century, Africa has some of the highest levels of hunger and malnutrition in the world, which is incompatible with the vision of the African Union. Food and nutritional security is a fundamental right of every person. However, many Africans are deprived of this right. Reports by the FAO and WFP indicate the emergence of an acute food crisis in at least 27 countries. This crisis has escaped the attention of the general press and the political sphere in the West. Yet this is crucial for understanding the reasons behind current migration flows, as well as for stimulating the necessary solidarity interventions. Poverty and malnutrition result from uncontrolled rapid population growth, inefficient agricultural and industrial practices, the high debt profiles of many African countries due to poor governance and corruption, and diseases such as the AIDS epidemic, malaria, the Ebola virus and the current pandemic of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Other factors include poor and inadequate health infrastructure and armed conflicts. Despite an abundance of natural resources, the gross domestic product per capita of many African countries is among the lowest in the world. According to FAO data, over 200 million people in sub-Saharan Africa were undernourished between 2014 and 2016. The prevalence of undernourishment in sub-Saharan Africa increased from 181 million people in 2010 to 222 million in 2016. In 2016, Africa had the highest prevalence of undernourishment in the world, estimated at 20% of the population. Poverty is the main cause of hunger and malnutrition in Africa, while hunger and malnutrition exacerbate the problem of disease on the continent. Poverty continues to plague Africa as a result of poor economic policies, conflict, war, environmental factors such as drought and climate change, population growth, poor leadership and greed. This situation is further exacerbated by the vicious cycle of poverty, disease and illness. Whether directly or indirectly, due to inadequate food consumption and poor diet quality, it is also accountable for over half of all deaths among children in Sub-Saharan Africa. Sociocultural barriers are major hindrances in some communities, with female children usually being the most affected. Corruption and lack of government interest and investment are key players that must be addressed to solve this problem. Malnutrition was highest within countries in East Africa and West Africa compared to the WHO Millennium development goals target for 2015. The system dynamics simulations forecast a rather gloomy future for the agro-food sector in SSA. Even the historically highest development rate of agricultural production will not be enough to meet the rapidly increasing demand for food. |
| Keywords: | Pauvreté; insécurité alimentaire; malnutrition; faim; famine; inanition; Afrique subsaharienne; Nigeria, Kenya; Ouganda; |
| JEL: | D12 D13 D31 D74 E26 F35 F54 H31 I14 N17 N37 Z13 |
| Date: | 2025–07–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:125505 |
| By: | Daniel Diakité (CREATE - ULaval - Université Laval [Québec]); Lota Tamini (CREATE - ULaval - Université Laval [Québec]); Simon Cornée (CREM - Centre de recherche en économie et management - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UR - Université de Rennes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Sébastien Caillault (Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, ESO - Espaces et Sociétés - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UM - Le Mans Université - UA - Université d'Angers - UR2 - Université de Rennes 2 - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Nantes Univ - IGARUN - Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes - Nantes Université - pôle Humanités - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Damien Rousselière (SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | Although cooperatives are major actors in the transformation of agricultural systems, very little attention has been paid to the conditions that facilitate or hinder their involvement in the sustainable transition. Drawing on theoretical and empirical approaches, we analyze the effect of social capital on the propensity and proportion of investment in environmental assets in the case of agricultural machinery cooperatives (CUMAs) in France. The number of producers within their CUMA is used as a proxy of the bonding social capital and the CUMA's relationships with external organizations as a proxy of the bridging social capital. Our results show a nonmonotonic relationship between the proxies of social capital and investment in environmental assets by CUMAs. However, the effect differs depending on the subdimension of social capital considered. Interestingly, our results show that the effect of social capital within CUMAs remains even when the cooperatives carry out investment renewals that involve less risk for members. |
| Keywords: | Environmental assets, Fractional model, Social capital |
| Date: | 2025–01–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04881204 |
| By: | Adrien Delahais (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris); Vincent Viguié (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris) |
| Abstract: | Climate change is expected to cause increasingly severe economic and social disruptions, making adaptation a key pillar of climate policy. Assessing the economic costs of climate impacts is essential to inform adaptation strategies, especially when these costs are used to calibrate the scale of adaptation investments and to weigh adaptation needs against other policy priorities. Yet, estimates of these costs vary widely across studies. Here we compare the estimated economic cost of climate change for France across two lines of evidence: international macroeconomic studies and national policy documents. We find that recent macroeconomic literature, especially econometric studies, produces much higher cost estimates than those that can be inferred from aggregating national policy assessments. This discrepancy can be attributed to methodological lag, limited sectoral coverage, lack of monetization, and the omission of cross-border effects. Besides, we also show that while the national institutional literature is extensive, many broad impact categories lack comprehensive quantification, and even fewer are monetized. |
| Keywords: | Climate change impacts, Economic cost of climate change, Climate adaptation, National climate change risk assessment, France |
| Date: | 2025–06–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:ciredw:hal-05136840 |
| By: | Greyling, Jan C.; Pardey, Philip G. |
| Abstract: | The tide is turning on the trajectory of farm structures throughout the world. Drawing on a new, balanced-panel dataset for 168 countries covering 1971–2020, we estimate that farm numbers rose from 426 million to 668 million, while measured farmland has contracted since about 1980, and average farm size has shrunk. Yet recent movements signal a historic pivot. As agri-food economies mature—with higher incomes, ageing and slowing populations, and rapid urbanization—the long-standing pattern of ever-more farms and ever-smaller holdings is no longer universal. The global weighted mean area per farm fell from 7.6 ha to 4.5 ha over the past half-century, but the rate of decline moderated to 0.74% per year in the past decade, down from 0.85% pr year previously. Seven countries—China, India, Indonesia, Russia, Nigeria, Bangladesh, and Ethiopia—contain 70% (469 million) of all farms; their dominance distorts geographically divergent trajectories worldwide. For at least several decades, the median farm worldwide has crept up in size to 5.3 ha in 2020, while the unweighted mean has climbed to 58.0 ha. The roster of countries with stable or rising average farm sizes increased from 88 (62.0%) in the 1970s to 108 (66.2%) in the 2010s, with consolidation now evident in China, Thailand, and Vietnam as well as in high-income economies. Consolidation usually entails fewer farms and, in many cases, shrinking farmland area as well as increasing average farm sizes. A statistical decomposition confirms that, globally, shifts in farm numbers—rather than changes in total farmland—principally (though not everywhere, all the time) drive movements in mean farm size, underscoring the demographic and structural forces reshaping agriculture worldwide. |
| Keywords: | Land Economics/Use |
| Date: | 2025–08–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:umiswp:364278 |
| By: | Boysen Ole (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | "Through the Deforestation Regulation (EUDR), the European Union recognises its responsibility for the deforestation, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and biodiversity loss associated with the products consumed by its citizens. For a defined set of products associated with high deforestation risk, including cocoa, the regulation requires proof that the covered products, if sold on or from the EU market, are not linked to recent deforestation and are produced in accordance with the national laws of the countries of origin. Given the EU’s status as a major global consumer of cocoa products, the regulation affects the entire supply chain, impacting numerous actors across many countries.This study develops and applies a global market model for cocoa and cocoa products to conceptualise and quantify the impact of the regulation on markets, farmer welfare, deforestation and CO2 emissions. The results of simulating alternative scenarios of how cocoa producing and consuming countries respond to the EUDR indicate large shifts in trade flows and a reduction in global cocoa production, while farmer welfare increases. Cocoa-related deforestation declines, but much less than the initial deforestation figures suggest due to leakage. However, the deforestation reduction effect will increase overproportionally if other major consumer countries adopt similar policies." |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:eapoaf:202507 |
| By: | Beatrice Intoppa (UMR ART-Dev - Acteurs, Ressources et Territoires dans le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier); Élodie Valette (UMR ART-Dev - Acteurs, Ressources et Territoires dans le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | Worldwide, there is growing interest among policymakers, funders, and researchers in monitoring and assessing innovations in food system sustainability. However, the evaluation of innovations' contributions to broader sustainability targets is undermined by stakeholders' multiple interpretations of sustainability, the difficulty of transferability across scales, and the scarce resources available for assessment. Moreover, city-scale initiatives identify needs and knowledge that has not yet been integrated into urban strategies. These gaps make it difficult for innovators to report on their role in a national or global system and to gain the trust of communities and institutions. Given the reflexive knowledge produced through the application of the Urbal method, which proposes a qualitative, context-based, and participatory evaluation of food innovations, this chapter considers whether and how Urbal can provide a preliminary framework to support innovators in designing or strengthening quantitative impact assessments and to help them orient their work within the regulatory space of sustainable food systems. In particular, the chapter presents a tool to co-construct a framework, together with innovators, which can help shape or strengthen the evaluation of their project. |
| Date: | 2023–08–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04702673 |
| By: | Roberto Esposti (Department of Economics and Social Sciences, Universita' Politecnica delle Marche (UNIVPM)) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the interdependence among prices in the commodity and natural resource market segment. The analysis is performed using a large dataset made of about 50 commodity prices observed with monthly frequency over a period of almost half a century (1980-2024). These different commodities are clustered in five groups (energy, metals, agriculture, food, other raw materials) in order to discriminate the interdependence within and between groups. The adopted method consists in building a Commodity Price Network (CPN) defined via Granger causality tests. These tests are performed with two alternative empirical strategies: pairwise VAR models estimation (pairwise Granger Causality) and sparse VAR models estimation (sparse VAR Granger Causality). Both price levels and price first differences are considered in order to take the possible non-stationarity or price series into account. Network analysis is performed on the different networks obtained using these alternative series and modelling approaches. Results suggest relevant differences across series and methods but some solid results also emerges, particularly pointing to a generalized interdependence that still assigns a central role to some metals and agricultural products. |
| Keywords: | Commodity Prices, Price Interdependence, Granger Causality, Network Analysis, Sparse VAR Models. |
| JEL: | C32 Q02 O13 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:anc:wpaper:498 |
| By: | Emma LaGuardia; Leslie McGranahan; Diane Whitmore Schanzenbach |
| Abstract: | The Earned Income Tax Credit is unique among social programs in that benefits are not paid out evenly across the calendar year but are received in a lump-sum cash payment. We exploit this feature of the EITC to investigate how receiving this influx of cash affects food expenditure patterns of eligible households. We find consistent evidence that households increase their spending on healthy foods such as fresh fruit and vegetables, meat and poultry, and dairy products when they receive their tax credit. Causal estimates of the spending response to this lump-sum payment are about twice as large as the cross-section variation in spending by income implies. By contrast, there is no measurable increase in spending on soft drinks including sodas and sports drinks, and evidence suggests that spending on soft drinks is relatively inelastic with regard to income. |
| JEL: | H3 I38 Q18 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:34007 |
| By: | Tsiboe, Francis; Steinbach, Sandro |
| Abstract: | This white paper reviews the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation’s (FCIC) deferral of interest on unpaid premiums after natural disasters. Since the 2012 shift to an August 15 billing date, FCIC has routinely granted 60-day waivers during severe weather or national emergencies, providing producers liquidity but delaying federal receipts. Between 2019 and 2023, over $18 billion in premiums were deferred, representing $510 million in implicit subsidies. The analysis examines effects on actuarial soundness, budget scoring, and moral hazard, and outlines policy options to balance producer relief with fiscal discipline amid rising weather risks. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2025–08–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:ndsuag:364685 |
| By: | Boukaka, Sedi Anne; Benfica, Rui |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the living income gap among coffee smallholders in central Kenya. It uses detailed survey data collected from coffee farmers organized in cooperatives and from coffee farm workers in Nyeri and Murang’a counties. Our analysis finds that coffee smallholders earn an average of only 109 KSh per day, just 35 percent of the 312 KSh living income benchmark, with the gap being particularly severe in Murang’a and among those with smaller landholdings. Sensitivity analyses show that enhancing prices paid to farmers and improving yields can partially reduce the income shortfall. For instance, doubling both parameters, especially when coupled with a 50 percent increase in farmers’ non-coffee income, lowers the incidence of households below the benchmark from more than 90 percent to about 67 percent. Yet, even under these relatively optimal conditions, the persistence of a significant gap underscores deep structural constraints in the local economy. Policy recommendations therefore call for a multidimensional approach that improves production efficiency, improves and stabilizes prices, promotes income diversification, and strengthens institutional support. |
| Keywords: | coffee; diversification; smallholders; poverty; productivity; income distribution; living standards; Kenya; Africa; Eastern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa |
| Date: | 2025–06–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:gsspwp:175180 |
| By: | Edoardo Baldoni (European Commission, Joint Research Centre); Roberto Esposti (Department of Economics and Social Sciences, Universita' Politecnica delle Marche (UNIVPM)) |
| Abstract: | This paper concerns the application of the Treatment Effect logic to the assessment of environmental policy measures. Staggered treatment entry is admitted and, unlike most literature in the field, both dynamic treatment effects (carryover effect or time interference) and spatial interference (contagion or spillovers) are admitted. This circumstance is referred to as general interference. An appropriate theoretical framework is developed to integrate general interference in adopters' decision making. The identification and estimation approach adapts the procedure recently proposed by Wang (2023). This theoretical framework and estimation approach are applied to the adoption of organic farming in Italian agriculture under the EU support during period 2014-2022. Results confirm that disregarding one of these sources of interference may induce misleading evidence resulting in inappropriate policy conclusions. |
| Keywords: | Staggered Treatments, Dynamic Treatment Effects, Spatial Interference, Environmental Policy, Organic Farming. |
| JEL: | C21 C22 C23 Q12 Q18 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:anc:wpaper:497 |
| By: | Wang, Dieter; Kollenda, Philipp; de Smit, Veerle; Rigaud, Kanta Kumari; Gatiso, Tsegaye Ginbo; Golub, Alexander |
| Abstract: | The Republic of Congo, a country with extensive tropical forests and low deforestation rates, needs to balance export-driven development, especially through timber production, and sustainable forest management. Despite national commitments to conserve and restore forests, such efforts remain underfunded. Empirical analysis shows that historical deforestation is closely tied to timber and agricultural export prices, the real effective exchange rate, dry weather, and demographic trends. Under a business-as-usual scenario, deforestation could rise sharply without effective policy interventions. Sangha and Likouala provinces, which are rich in undisturbed forests and new concessions, are particularly at risk. Past oil-driven revenues have contributed to lower deforestation by shifting economic focus away from land-intensive activities; however, transitioning from oil dependency requires diversification into the forest sector which in turn requires strengthening sustainable logging practices and more robust institutional frameworks. This research provides a model-based benchmark to define key performance indicators for deforestation reductions and to set feasible and ambitious targets for protecting forests while pursuing diversified economic growth. Transparent performance indicators along with feasible, but ambitious targets are a critical for results-based financing instruments. They are critical to unlock public and private capital to support economic growth and conserve the standing forests. This model has relevance to the other Congo Basin and tropical forest countries with extensive forests. |
| Date: | 2025–07–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:11177 |
| By: | Biniam Bedasso (Center for Global Development); Amina Mendez Acosta (Consultant) |
| Abstract: | School meals have proven effective in improving child outcomes, particularly in low-income settings. Yet concerns about funding adequacy and cost efficiency remain. This paper analyzes data from three waves of the Global Child Nutrition Foundation (GCNF) survey (2018–2023), covering 216 programs from 102 countries to document cost patterns and scaling dynamics. Additionally, we examine how cost per child varies with implementation models, sourcing strategies, and targeting approaches. We report five main findings. First, majority of the programs, especially in low-income and large-scale settings, are underfunded relative to the cost of a healthy meal. Second, school meal programs in lower-income countries tend to offer less diverse meals, and adjusting for nutritional diversity reveals that achieving comparable dietary quality would significantly raise their per-child costs. These adjustments are especially relevant for disadvantaged children, who face the greatest risk of nutrient deficiency and would benefit most from more diverse meals. Third, local food sourcing is associated with more cost-efficient implementation—after accounting for dietary diversity—while on-site meal preparation is linked to higher costs among better-resourced programs. Fourth, programs that target recipients individually tend to be cheaper, but only for higher-income countries. Finally, despite offering less diverse meals, programs in lower-income countries exhibit greater economies of scale—expanding coverage faster relative to cost increases. |
| Keywords: | School meals, cost efficiency, funding, low- and middle-income countries |
| Date: | 2025–07–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cgd:wpaper:723 |
| By: | Jesús Giráldez Rivero (Departamento de Economía Aplicada (Área de Historia Económica), Facultad de Economía y Administración de Empresas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)); Pedro Varela-Vázquez (Departamento de Economía Aplicada (Área de Historia Económica), Facultad de Economía y Administración de Empresas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)) |
| Abstract: | The literature has highlighted the importance of various factors in explaining the success or failure of cooperatives based on the study of multiple historical cases. The aim of this paper is to identify the determinants of the performance of Spanish consumer cooperatives using a sample of 14 societies between 1898 and 1935. The results show that their successful performance was driven by a combination of favourable economic contexts and internal factors such as greater experience, management skills, and lower dependence on external financial resources. |
| Keywords: | Packaging, Food Industry, Marketing Innovation, Product Differentiation, Spain |
| JEL: | L66 M31 N34 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ahe:dtaehe:2502 |
| By: | Soheil Hataminia; Tania Khosravi |
| Abstract: | In this study, the impact of research and development (R&D) expenditures on the value added of the agricultural sector in Iran was investigated for the period 1971-2021. For data analysis, the researchers utilized the ARDL econometric model and EViews software. The results indicated that R&D expenditures, both in the short and long run, have a significant positive effect on the value added in the agricultural sector. The estimated elasticity coefficient for R&D expenditures in the short run was 0.45 and in the long run was 0.35, indicating that with a 1 percent increase in research and development expenditures, the value added in the agricultural sector would increase by 0.45 percent in the short run and by 0.35 percent in the long run. Moreover, variables such as capital stock, number of employees in the agricultural sector, and working days also had a significant and positive effect on the value added in the agricultural sector. |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2505.14746 |
| By: | Roy Cerqueti (GRANEM - Groupe de Recherche Angevin en Economie et Management - UA - Université d'Angers - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, UNIROMA - Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" = Sapienza University [Rome]); Paolo Maranzano (UNIMIB - Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca); Raffaele Mattera (UNIROMA - Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" = Sapienza University [Rome]) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we present an extension of the spatially-clustered linear regression models, namely, the spatially-clustered spatial regression (SCSR) model, to deal with spatial heterogeneity issues in clustering procedures. In particular, we extend classical spatial econometrics models, such as the spatial autoregressive model, the spatial error model, and the spatially-lagged model, by allowing the regression coefficients to be spatially varying according to a cluster-wise structure. Cluster memberships and regression coefficients are jointly estimated through a penalized maximum likelihood algorithm which encourages neighboring units to belong to the same spatial cluster with shared regression coefficients. Motivated by the increase of observed values of the Gini index for the agricultural production in Europe between 2010 and 2020, the proposed methodology is employed to assess the presence of local spatial spillovers on the market concentration index for the European regions in the last decade. Empirical findings support the hypothesis of fragmentation of the European agricultural market, as the regions can be well represented by a clustering structure partitioning the continent into three-groups, roughly approximated by a division among Western, North Central and Southeastern regions. Also, we detect heterogeneous local effects induced by the selected explanatory variables on the regional market concentration. In particular, we find that variables associated with social, territorial and economic relevance of the agricultural sector seem to act differently throughout the spatial dimension, across the clusters and with respect to the pooled model, and temporal dimension. Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear online. |
| Keywords: | Spatial clustering K -means regression Spatially-clustered regression Spatial autoregressive models European agricultural market concentration and power |
| Date: | 2025–01–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05111810 |
| By: | Agricultural Research Service |
| Abstract: | Significant Accomplishments for FY 2024 – NP306: Component # 1 Foods: Winemaking byproducts fortify flour formulations. --- Single microwave frequency determines moisture in peanut kernels. --- New enhanced method for accurate, precise, and efficient detection of catfish off-flavor volatiles. --- Peppers may help lower blood sugar levels. --- First time growing peanut plants from partial peanut kernels. --- Potentially saving sharks from overfishing with perennial oilseed. --- Component # 2 Non-Foods: Turning old cash into nanocellulose for use in new engineered materials. --- New tool for round cotton modules that reduces plastic contamination. --- Eastern red cedar has versatile uses in capturing toxins, repelling red imported fire ants, and preventing termite and wood decay fungi. --- New dual-arm apple harvesting robot. --- Biodegradable biobased films for consumer products. --- New treatment methods to help eliminate a $6 billion poultry disease. --- Biochar produced from the cash crop sugarcane pays further dividends by increasing other crop yields. --- Faster, safer, cheaper field diagnostic kit for the invasive Lebbeck mealybug. --- Component # 3 Biorefining: New biodiesel from pennycress reduces greenhouse gases. --- Jojoba oil biodiesel benefits the environment. --- Improved brewer’s yeast for advanced biofuels. --- Oxygen-limited fermentation condition for 2, 3-Butanediol production. Includes citations to relevant publications (with doi.org links to peer-reviewed articles). |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Livestock Production/Industries, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usdami:362721 |
| By: | Al Said Ahmat (CRIEG - Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Economie Gestion - MSH-URCA - Maison des Sciences Humaines de Champagne-Ardenne - URCA - Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, REGARDS - Recherches en Economie Gestion Agroressources Durabilité et Santé - CRIEG - Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Economie Gestion - MSH-URCA - Maison des Sciences Humaines de Champagne-Ardenne - URCA - Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne) |
| Abstract: | This article explores how coopetition can accelerate the adoption of technology by agricultural microenterprises in Chad. In developing countries, the majority of farmers remain excluded from technological advances, which are nonetheless essential for the modernization of their practices. Coopetition emerges here as an innovative solution to overcome these barriers. The central question is: how can competing microenterprises cooperate to share technological tools in their respective operations? Through semi-structured interviews conducted with small-scale farmers, we identified several typical configurations of coopetition, with a focus on the role of dyadic relationships and the actors involved in co-development dynamics. The findings reveal that coopetition serves as a powerful strategic lever to stimulate the growth of microenterprises, relying on support networks and sharing practices. This research thus highlights the importance of collective strategies and relational capital in the success of such initiatives. |
| Abstract: | Cet article explore comment la coopétition peut accélérer l'adoption des technologies par les TPE agricoles au Tchad. Dans les pays en développement, la majorité des agriculteurs reste exclue des avancées technologiques, pourtant essentielles à la modernisation de leurs pratiques. La coopétition émerge ici comme une solution innovante pour lever ces barrières. La question qui se pose : comment des TPE concurrentes, parviennent-elles à coopérer pour partager des outils technologiques dans leurs exploitations respectives ? À travers des entretiens semi-directifs menés auprès des petits agriculteurs, nous avons identifié plusieurs configurations type de coopétition, en analysant notamment le rôle des relations dyadiques et des acteurs impliqués dans des dynamiques de co-développement. Les résultats révèlent que la coopétition constitue un levier stratégique puissant pour stimuler la croissance des TPE, en s'appuyant sur des réseaux d'entraide et des logiques de partage. Cette recherche met ainsi en lumière l'importance des stratégies collectives et du capital relationnel dans la réussite de telles initiatives. |
| Keywords: | appropriation, outils technologiques, coopétition, TPE agricoles, Tchad., technological tools, coopetition, agricultural microenterprises, Chad. |
| Date: | 2025–06–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05146659 |
| By: | Jaeger, William K; Bruno, Ellen M; Fisher-Vanden, Karen; Harter, Thomas |
| Abstract: | To promote better groundwater policymaking, hydrologists and economists need to work together. The importance of hydrology is self-evident, but we posit that questions about the causes of and potential solutions for groundwater problems, and pathways to better policymaking, are fundamentally economics questions in that they rely on understanding people’s preferences, incentives, and responses to laws and other institutions that guide people’s actions. Not surprisingly then, most hydrologic research questions implicitly arise in response to economic demands and constraints. Hydrology and economics both rely on positive science involving theory, empirical methods, calibration, and validation. Indeed, their models can be linked to characterize and understand their interdependent dynamics. While other natural and social sciences also have important roles to play, this paper focuses primarily on how economics connects (ground)water to policymaking. Economics is a broad discipline with a primary role in understanding how people live in a landscape. Analogous to hydrology’s primary role in describing how water flows, recedes, seeps, evaporates, or recharges aquifers, economics describes people’s endeavors including their use of water, land, and other resources to produce, consume, trade, invest, conserve, and degrade the systems where they live. Policymaking is normative: it involves value judgments when assessing tradeoffs, setting priorities, or choosing among policy options. Economics is unique among disciplines in that it also comprises ‘normative analysis’ frameworks for measuring people’s values as a guide toward satisfying those preferences to the greatest extent possible (e.g. using benefit-cost analysis). But when natural science research is conducted without recognizing the economic considerations relevant to policymakers and managers, it may overlook critical ways that human system structures, dynamics, and people’s values inform the most promising ways to turn science into policy. By collaborating with economists, interdisciplinary research can bring natural sciences together with positive and normative economics to promote better groundwater policy. |
| Keywords: | Hydrology, Economics, Applied Economics, Earth Sciences, Generic health relevance, Life on Land, interdisciplinary, human-natural systems, positive economics, normative economics, first-order disciplines, groundwater, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
| Date: | 2025–08–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:agrebk:qt0m28s1xq |
| By: | Ha Trong Nguyen; Mitrou, Francis |
| Abstract: | In the context of climate change and the well-established links between personality traits and life outcomes, this paper presents a novel investigation into the causal effects of natural disaster-induced housing damage on the Big Five personality traits. Using a time-varying, plausibly exogenous measure of local cyclone exposure as an instrument within an individual fixed effects instrumental variable framework, we find that weather-related home damage significantly reduces Conscientiousness and Emotional Stability, while increasing Openness to Experience. These effects are highly heterogeneous: significant impacts emerge only in quantile regression models, with individuals at the lower end of the Conscientiousness and Emotional Stability distributions more adversely affected, and those at the upper end of the Openness distribution exhibiting greater increases. Furthermore, our findings suggest that weather-related home damage may indirectly reduce earnings by altering personality traits in ways associated with lower income-effects that are not only statistically significant but also substantial in magnitude and economically meaningful. These personality changes may correspond to income losses of up to 5%, with socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals being most severely affected. |
| Keywords: | Natural Disasters, Personality Trait, Big Five, Quantile Regression, Housing |
| JEL: | C18 I31 J3 R20 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1632 |
| By: | Rémi Avignon (SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Etienne Guigue (LMU - Institut für Informatik [München/Munich] - LMU - Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] = Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, KU Leuven - Catholic University of Leuven = Katholieke Universiteit Leuven) |
| Abstract: | L'idée d'introduire des prix planchers dans les filières agricoles a récemment refait surface dans le débat public. Mesure phare de la Politique Agricole Commune (PAC) des années 1970-1980, les prix planchers ont pourtant été source d'inefficacité et laissé de mauvais souvenirs. Cette note montre cependant qu'un prix plancher sur la matière première peut être source d'efficacité dans les filières où les agriculteurs font face à des acheteurs ayant du pouvoir de monopsone, c'est-à-dire étant capables de peser négativement sur les prix. |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-05042526 |