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on Agricultural Economics |
| By: | Inphonephong, Souphalack (International Water Management Institute); Mam, K.; Phounvisouk, L.; Dubois, Mark (International Water Management Institute) |
| Keywords: | Ricefield aquaculture; Fish culture; Policies; Agroecology; Food production; Agricultural practices; Sustainability; Farmers; Institutions; Households; Villages |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h053000 |
| By: | Interagency Agricultural Projections Committee; World Agricultural Outlook Board, Office of the Chief Economist |
| Abstract: | This report provides projections for the agricultural sector to 2033. Projections cover agricultural commodities, agricultural trade, and aggregate indicators of the sector, such as farm income. The projections are based on specific assumptions, including a macroeconomic scenario, existing U.S. policy, and current international agreements. The Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 is assumed to remain in effect through the projection period, as no agreement had been reached on a new Farm Bill as of October 2023. The projections are one representative scenario for the agricultural sector and reflect a composite of model results and judgment-based analyses. The projections in this report were prepared using data through the October 2023 World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE) report, except where noted otherwise. Macroeconomic assumptions were concluded in August 2023. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Crop Production/Industries, Dairy Farming, Demand and Price Analysis, Financial Economics, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, International Relations/Trade, Livestock Production/Industries, Productivity Analysis, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usdami:348091 |
| By: | Salah Eddine Benziouche (University of Biskra Mohamed Khider); Salim Khechai (University of Biskra Mohamed Khider); Foued Cheriet (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Pôle Vigne et Vin - L'Institut Agro - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - Institut Agro Dijon - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | Since antiquity, with transhumant breeding, the cultivation of the date palm has been the main agricultural vector around which social and economic activities are articulated in oasis regions. The conduct of this culture is guided by a specific and complex technical itinerary. The objective of the present study aims to identify and characterize the main sustainable agricultural practices within the palm groves of the Ziban in south–eastern Algeria and the sensitivity of date palm farmers to environmental practices as well as their degree of adaptation. Our study is based on face-to-face surveys conducted among 50 producers among 10 date palm areas in the region. It brings to light that despite the production developments, date palm farming in this region remains dominated by extensive and traditional agriculture, either due to a lack of means, knowledge, or environmental commitment. As a result, several sustainable practices remain widely shared in the majority of palm groves. Similarly, it appears that several larger and newly established producers are committed to these new practices which have various objectives in particular, to protect the environment, and to sustain the culture and the quality of the products. |
| Keywords: | Date palm, Ziban, Agricultural practices, Sustainability, Environment, Technical itinerary |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04766868 |
| By: | Mwambi, M.; Hruy, G.; Boset, A. M.; Singh, Radhika (International Water Management Institute); Schmitter, Petra (International Water Management Institute); Legesse, W. B. |
| Keywords: | Vegetables; Irrigation systems; Assessment; Smallholders; Agricultural value chains; Farm inputs; Livelihoods; Households; Farmers; Fertilizers |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h052842 |
| By: | Interagency Agricultural Projections Committee; World Agricultural Outlook Board, Office of the Chief Economist |
| Abstract: | This report provides projections for the agricultural sector to 2032. Projections cover agricultural commodities, agricultural trade, and aggregate indicators of the sector, such as farm income. The projections are based on specific assumptions, including a macroeconomic scenario, existing U.S. policy, and current international agreements. The Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 is assumed to remain in effect through the projection period. The projections are one representative scenario for the agricultural sector and reflect a composite of model results and judgment-based analyses. The projections in this report were prepared using data through the October 2022 World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE) report, except where noted otherwise. Macroeconomic assumptions were concluded in August 2022. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Crop Production/Industries, Financial Economics, International Relations/Trade, Livestock Production/Industries, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usdami:348090 |
| By: | Saleth, R. M.; Ait El Mekki, A.; Amarasinghe, Upali A. (International Water Management Institute); Amarnath, Giriraj (International Water Management Institute); Brouziyne, Youssef (International Water Management Institute) |
| Keywords: | Climate change; Climate resilience; Transformation; Governance; Rural welfare; Policies; Infrastructure; Food production; Food security; Food prices; Public-private partnerships |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h052461 |
| By: | Squarcina, Margherita; Hänsch, Juliane; Montoya Cepeda, Florena M.; Pallauf, Magdalena; Paz, Bruno; Stehl, Jonas; Wehner, Jasmin; Wollni, Meike |
| Abstract: | Existing measures of resilience focus on specific food system components, neglecting the complexity of the whole system. We propose a measure of resilience that encompasses three dimensions of a food system: economic profitability, environmental sustainability, and adequate nutrition. To empirically estimate the proposed model, we combine longitudinal household-level data from Malawi, Tanzania, and Nigeria with GIS data and macro-level indicators.We define resilience as a normative condition using a probabilistic moment-based approach following Cissé and Barrett (2018). To aggregate the probabilities across different dimensions into a single index of resilience, we employ and compare two different methods. Our findings indicate an overall increase in resilience of farming households over time, with improvements in Nigeria and Tanzania. Clear trade-offs are evident across the various domains of the food system. Both proposed resilience indexes demonstrate strong performance. They are correlated with improvements in income, vegetation, and dietary diversity, and they partially mitigate the effects of various shocks. The comparison between the two methods indicates a preference for the simpler PCA-based approach to measuring farmers’ resilience using a food system approach. Our findings underline the need to broaden our focus beyond individual aspects of resilience to achieve sustainable food systems. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Farm Management, Food Security and Poverty, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:gausfs:348143 |
| By: | Tran, D. T.; Minh, Thai Thi (International Water Management Institute); Dubois, Mark (International Water Management Institute); Blum, H.; Mockshell, J. |
| Keywords: | Agroecology; Multi-stakeholder processes; Agricultural value chains; Incentives; Rice; Development organizations; Civil society organizations; Governmental organizations; Policies; Innovation; Strategies |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h052922 |
| By: | Aragie, Emerta A.; Thurlow, James |
| Abstract: | Climate and weather shocks pose significant threats to crop-livestock systems, leading to economic losses and humanitarian crises. Utilizing a modeling framework that innovatively integrates the crop and livestock systems, this study examines the interactions and dynamic adjustments within these systems following weather shocks, using Ethiopia as a case study. We also evaluate the effectiveness of various adaptation strategies in sustaining farm incomes, food security, and welfare. Results show unique effects on the crop and livestock sectors resulting from a joint shock on the two systems. While food crops experience a strong and immediate growth effect that fades quickly, the livestock sector faces the full impact of the shock a year later, with the effect persisting to some degree. We also find diverging economic and livestock system adjustment trajectories from the separate shocks to the crop and livestock systems. Further, the intervention options analyzed show contrasting impacts on various outcome indications, with only the resilient crop intervention causing sector-indifferent impacts. Our findings emphasize the importance of proactive measures to enhance the resilience of crop-livestock systems, with implications for policy and practice aimed at safeguarding food security and livelihoods in semi-subsistence economies. |
| Keywords: | crops; economics; livestock; weather; Africa; Eastern Africa; Ethiopia |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:2278 |
| By: | OECD |
| Abstract: | What are the different elements of a food supply chain and how can government policy related to competition, including competition law enforcement, play a role to limit market failures? This paper considers several aspects of food supply chains and their relationship to competition. Specifically, it discusses how market failures or competition law may apply to supplies to and purchasing from farmers, to the storage and transport of food, to the standards for delivering and packing food products; as well as the distributor-to-retailer negotiation. It also explores the grocery chain buyer power and potential consequences. |
| Date: | 2024–11–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:dafaac:319-en |
| By: | Maina, Kevin W.; Parlasca, Martin C.; Rao, Elizaphan J.O. |
| Abstract: | Strategies for sustainable intensification of livestock are becoming increasingly important in designing interventions to develop the sector. In dairying systems, herd health management is among such strategies. While adoption patterns and productivity gains have been analyzed in previous studies, the social implications are still not well understood. This paper provides insights into the relationship between herd health management and intra-household labor demand as well as women empowerment. We test the hypotheses that the adoption of herd health management practices (HHPs) increases intra-household labor demand among male and female household members and, thereby, affects women empowerment. We use primary data from smallholder dairy farmers in Kenya on time use, women's participation in decision-making and livestock asset ownership, adoption status of important HHPs, as well as household demographic characteristics and apply censored regression and multinomial logit regression models to test our hypotheses. The results show that adopting HHPs is associated with more labor demand in dairy production for both men and women. The magnitude of the change differs across production systems but is always higher for men. Additionally, herd health management practices are negatively associated with different aspects of women empowerment including women’s livestock asset ownership and control over income from dairy. The study underscores the importance for gender-sensitivity in the sustainable intensification of livestock production in the Global South. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Dairy Farming |
| Date: | 2024–11–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:ubzefd:348015 |
| By: | Mekuria, Wolde (International Water Management Institute); Hagos, Fitsum (International Water Management Institute); Nigussie, Likimyelesh (International Water Management Institute); Admasu, W.; Bitew, A. |
| Keywords: | Landscape conservation; Water management; Climate change adaptation; Households; River basins; Watersheds; Small-scale irrigation; Vulnerability; Natural resources; Forest landscape restoration |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h052701 |
| By: | Office of the Chief Scientist, U. S. Department of Agriculture |
| Abstract: | Excerpt from the Introduction: This roadmap is the synthesis of stakeholder input from the National Hemp Industry Needs Workshop and identifies the greatest four areas of immediate need based on feedback from leaders and constituents of the hemp industry: Breeding and Genetics, Best Practices for Production, Biobased Products Manufacturing for End-uses, and Transparency and Consistency. These four Needs Areas cut across the hemp supply chain topical areas emphasized at the National Hemp Industry Needs Workshop and are vital to bolster the hemp industry with research (Table 1). Success in addressing the research needs reflected in this roadmap will depend on transformative research that relies on public-private partnerships across industry, academia, and government. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Crop Production/Industries, Marketing, Public Economics, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Supply Chain, Sustainability |
| Date: | 2024–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usdami:348089 |
| By: | Moustafa Feriga; Mancy Lozano Gracia; Pieter Serneels |
| Abstract: | This paper identifies five areas where climate change may impact work and draws lessons for developing countries by reviewing the evidence. Firstly, demand for labor is unevenly affected, with agriculture, heat-exposed manufacturing, and the brown energy sector experiencing downturns, while other sectors may see a rise, resulting in an uncertain overall impact. Secondly, climate change impacts labor supply through absenteeism, shirking, and altering work-time patterns, depending on the activity and sector. Thirdly, productivity may decline, especially in heat-exposed industries, primarily due to health reasons. Fourthly, heightened earnings variability likely increases vulnerability among the self-employed. Fifthly, climate change can influence labor allocation and catalyze sectoral reallocation. Higher temperatures are also linked to increased migration. But caution is needed in interpreting these findings, as studies across these topics predominantly use fixed effect estimation and concentrate on short-term impacts, neglecting adaptation. Emerging research on adaptation indicates that workplace cooling is unappealing for firms with narrow profit margins, while coping strategies of farms and households have unclear optimality due to adoption barriers. Government responses remain understudied, with six potential areas identified: green jobs, green skills, labor-oriented adaptation, flexible work regulation, labor market integration, and social protection. The paper concludes by outlining future research directions. |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:csa:wpaper:2024-02 |
| By: | Kevin T. Smiley; Ilan Noy; Michael F. Wehner; Christopher C. Sampson; Oliver E.J. Wing; KayLynn Larrison |
| Abstract: | The role climate change plays in increasing the burden on governments and insurers to pay for recovery is an area not examined by extreme event attribution research. To study these impacts, we examine the impacts of climate change attributed flooding on federal disaster aid disbursement in Harris County, Texas following Hurricane Harvey. Our approach uses flood models to estimate in dollars the amount of flood damages not attributable to climate change and the amount of flood damages attributable to climate change under two climate change attribution scenarios estimated in peer reviewed studies (20% and 38% additional rainfall due to climate change). These estimates are combined with census tract-level disbursement data for FEMA’s National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) and the Individual Assistance (IA) part of the Individuals and Households Program. We employ spatial lag regression models and estimate direct and spatial spillover effects to analyze the relationship between a tract’s flood damages – both attributed and not attributed to climate change – and federal disaster aid. We find that both types of flood damage shape federal aid disbursements, with impacts varying based on the percentage of rainfall attributed to climate change and the specific aid program. Our discussion centers on how these differences might reflect what we term “typical” and “(a)typical” flooding. |
| Keywords: | extreme weather attribution, federal disaster aid, FEMA, NFIP, Hurricane Harvey |
| JEL: | Q54 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11435 |
| By: | Black, Andrew M.; Bradley, Sue; Clark, Beth; Colman, Ewan; Gosling, Nicole; Hanley, Nicholas; Holloway, Lewis; Kao, Rowland; Mahon, Niamh; Proctor, Amy |
| Abstract: | Epidemiology is a field in which the aim is to identify the characteristics, causes and means of control of conditions that exist outside of physiological norms. For both infectious and non-infectious diseases, genetic, physiological, environmental, and behavioural factors can all influence the risk of acquiring disease, meaning that, despite differences in how they manifest, the problems and solutions associated with them can be remarkably similar. Epidemiology has always made use of ideas and techniques from other disciplines that help to achieve its aims, but typically takes a “toolbox” approach, bringing in data, techniques and methods and insights that support epidemiologists to solve problems they already perceive as important. However, it is not necessarily sufficient for tackling “wicked” disease problems which may require long-term investments in interdisciplinary teams, with members working together in finding shared solutions to disease, and to educate and be educated in different disciplinary perspectives on the problem. For endemic diseases in particular, while methods of control and even eradication do exist it is often the case that they are not put into practice. Here, we address two exemplar endemic diseases in the context of farming in England: Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) in cows, and lameness in cattle and sheep. These diseases were selected because of their significance to UK livestock agriculture and their contrasting epidemiologies. Both are highly impactful and have been recognised for at least half a century as among the biggest threats to livestock health, welfare and productivity in England. In both cases, while historically embedded social factors have been central to their persistence, the reluctance of social scientists and and historians to issue normative guidelines means that they are less able to offer explicit advice to policy, hindering the adoption of broader interdisciplinary perspectives. To fill some of the gaps in that advice, here we suggest approaches to bringing a broad range of observers to bear on them. First, while BVD and lameness are both quite well understood and ‘educating’ farmers (as often advocated in studies informed by ‘theory of planned behaviour approaches’) by treating veterinary perspectives as normative is unlikely to be universally successful. Farmers’ perspectives often have their own logics that are informed by individual circumstances and past experiences which veterinarians and other advisors can fail to appreciate. Second, we note that both farmers and consumers have shown they value health in terms of impacts on welfare and production, however ‘welfare’, like ‘health’ is likely to be perceived differently by farmers compared to veterinarians, and this requires further study. Finally, the new policy contexts of animal health as public good presents important opportunities. Beyond these general lessons, there are also particular issues for each disease. For BVD, with the uneven distribution of costs and benefits, differences in farming perspectives make it highly unlikely that the industry will come together around a voluntary BVD eradication scheme that rests on testing and trading controls. and much can be learned from the countries that are already on that journey or have reached their destination. By contrast, for lameness, where risk-factors are multi-factorial and usually highly localized, universal approaches make little sense. Here, industry-led schemes make more sense because lameness control (unlike BVD) is not a zero-sum game. Moreover, because lameness is pathologically and epidemiologically complex, and rooted in farming systems that can be difficult to change substantially, eradication is extremely hard if not impossible to achieve so local measures make more sense. In both cases, greater understanding of farmer priorities can help to identify ways to make farmers and other farm-based actors such as family members and farm workers more amenable to scientific advances, by identifying (ahead of time) potential barriers. Animal disease problems inevitably involve a complex presentation of natural and behavioural factors. By working together, we have been better placed to understand how those pieces can fit together. |
| Date: | 2024–10–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:tnhyq |
| By: | Ransom, Tyler (University of Oklahoma) |
| Abstract: | I argue that increased consumption of vegetable seed oils high in omega-6 polyunsaturated fats has driven obesity in the United States, a link overlooked in the economics literature. Obesity rates have closely tracked the level of seed oils in the food supply since 1960, while diverging from calorie intake and exercise trends post-2000. I present evidence from biochemistry supporting this hypothesis, demonstrating how seed oils disrupt metabolism, fat storage, and other biochemical processes. I document supporting evidence of these mechanisms in economics research and population health trends. I then develop a conceptual theory of imperfect information to explain consumer overconsumption of these oils, considering the interactions among food and drug companies, scientists, government regulators, and medical providers in shaping dietary information and the overall food supply. Finally, I discuss policy implications, emphasizing the need for a coordinated approach. |
| Keywords: | obesity, vegetable oils, seed oils, food policy, nutritional biochemistry, polyunsaturated fatty acids, political economy |
| JEL: | I12 Q18 L66 I18 D72 |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17390 |
| By: | Ubi-Abai, Itoro |
| Abstract: | This study assessed households’ willingness to pay and payments for water services supplied by the Akwa Ibom Water Company Limited using the Heckman two-step analysis. Using the survey research design, these households comprised households that have access to 5.06% of water supply services from the Akwa Ibom Water Company Limited a la Ubi-Abai (2024); and households that live close to the water company but do not have access to their water services. A sample of 200 households was selected using the two-stage cluster probability sampling and the purposive non-probability sampling techniques. Data were obtained using structured questionnaires. The weighted Kappa and Cronbach Alpha coefficients showed that questions in the questionnaires were valid and reliable. The cluster analysis revealed that 38 households used water efficiently. Furthermore, the Heckman two-step analysis revealed that factors such as water use efficiency, water quality, income and family size influenced households’ willingness to pay and monthly water payment levels. |
| Keywords: | Akwa Ibom, Heckman, Household, Water, WTP |
| JEL: | D1 D11 D12 I31 |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:122512 |
| By: | RICCI Mattia (European Commission - JRC); PEREZ DOMINGUEZ Ignacio (European Commission - JRC); HRISTOV Jordan (European Commission - JRC); VANDYCK Toon (European Commission - JRC); VAN HOUTVEN Stijn (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | Although agriculture is an important source of greenhouse gas emissions, the sector remains out of scope for greenhouse gas (GHG) pricing policies. To align the future food system with the transition to net zero emissions, two key questions arise: To what extent can tax policies help achieving this transition in a fair and effective way? And, would it be preferable to levy a GHG tax on the production or the consumption side? We employ an EU agro-economic model to compare production and consumption-side GHG taxes and to quantify their environmental impact. We find that supply-side pricing in agriculture displays leakage rates of over 40% and leaves EU producers in a situation of competitive disadvantage; on the other hand, demand-side measures level the playing field in the Single Market and generate positive leakage as they boost the export of (greener) EU producers. Focussing on four countries – Spain, France, Romania and Poland – we therefore consider a real-world reform based on adjusting Value-Added Taxes to reflect climate change externalities. Using microsimulation techniques and household-level data we show that - while this reform can generate reductions in emissions - is regressive without complementary measures. Feebate and equal-per-capita revenue recycling address equity concerns and produce welfare gains for the majority of the population, while the top 20-30% of meat consumers experiences welfare losses. Overall, findings suggest that price-based measures can help align agriculture with climate goals but trade and equity aspects should be reflected in policy design. |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:taxref:202410 |
| By: | Nigussie, Likimyelesh (International Water Management Institute); Joshi, Deepa (International Water Management Institute); Tsegaye, B.; Admasu, W.; Abate, N. |
| Keywords: | Gender equality; Social inclusion; Climate change; Water management; Smallholders; Farmers; Small-scale irrigation; Women's empowerment |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h052586 |
| By: | Huang, Kaixing; Liu, Pengfei; Liao, Yuxi; Wang, Zhengcong |
| Abstract: | Vegetable pesticide residues are a pervasive food safety concern. Utilizing over half a million records of vegetable tests from 287 cities, we find that COVID-19 increases the national average pesticide residue by 11% during the peak months of the pandemic in China. The pandemic nearly doubled the pesticide testing failure rate in cities with the highest infection rates. Empirical evidence suggests that the estimated effect stems from pandemic-induced disruptions in vegetable production and transportation, which result in untimely pest control and subsequent overuse of pesticides. Pandemic-related vegetable pesticide residue changes increase health risks by up to 10% in cities with the highest COVID-19 infection rates. Our findings underscore the significant impact of social disruptions on food safety through a channel largely overlooked in the literature. |
| Keywords: | social disruptions, food safety, COVID-19, vegetable pesticide residue, health |
| JEL: | Q18 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:122599 |
| By: | Maria Francesca Mercedes D. Grabador (School of Economics, University of the Philippines Diliman) |
| Abstract: | Water is critical not only to economic progress and sustainable development but most importantly, to human survival. Yet, the way water is valued suggests an inexhaustible supply, when the opposite is true. This paper examines if water rights in the Philippines are underpriced and looks at how these can be valued at full economic cost. It finds that water resources in the Philippines are essentially given no value since the administrative cost-recovery approach is used to determine fees for water permits and water charges. Moreover, through the analysis of different pricing models used in other countries’ water markets, this study also presents the core components of an economic pricing model for water rights. While the establishment of water markets may represent the first best solution to water scarcity, it is an ideal solution in an ideal setting; thus, second and third best solutions are also presented. The study concludes that while it is not possible to immediately price water rights at its full economic cost, it may be done gradually, starting with the adoption of volumetric pricing and strengthening the institutional capacity of the National Water Resources Board (NWRB). |
| Keywords: | water permits, water rights, water rights trading, water rights markets, economic pricing models forwater rights, water resource management, volumetric pricing |
| JEL: | Q21 Q25 Q28 O53 O57 |
| Date: | 2024–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phs:dpaper:202402 |
| By: | Huang, Kaixing; Zhang, Peng |
| Abstract: | Existing studies generally use ``aggregate'' temperature measures, such as mean temperature, degree-days, temperature bins, and piece-wise linear function within the growing season, to estimate the impact of global warming on crop yield. These temperature measures blend temperatures from different phenological stages of crop growth and thus implicitly assume that temperatures are additively substitutable within the growing season. However, this assumption contrasts with agronomic knowledge that crops are more sensitive to temperatures in certain phenological stages. Utilizing a unique site-level data on the detailed phenological stages of major crops in China, combined with crop production data and daily weather data, we develop an econometric model with stage-specific temperature measures. We then compare our estimates with models using traditional aggregate temperature measures, and find that adopting an aggregate temperature measure could overestimate the damage of global warming on crop yield up to two times that estimated using stage-specific temperature measures. |
| Keywords: | Global warming, crop yield, temperature measure, crop phenological stages |
| JEL: | Q15 Q51 Q54 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:122600 |
| By: | Inphonephong, Souphalack (International Water Management Institute); Phounvisouk, L.; Sonethavixay, Sengphachanh (International Water Management Institute); Maniphet, P.; Soulinh, T.; Vanhnalat, B.; Sisengnam, K.; Vongthilath, S. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural practices; Policies; Agroecology; Stakeholders |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h052514 |
| By: | Cameron , Lisa (University of Melbourne); Huang, An (Monash University); Santos, Paulo (Monash University); Thomas , Milan (Asian Development Bank) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates behavioral adaptation to local improvements in environmental quality. Using exogenous variation in village sanitation coverage generated by the randomized allocation of financial incentives to latrine construction in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, we find that the generalized adoption of improved sanitation led to significant reductions in the practice of boiling water for drinking. Our analysis suggests that this change is likely a behavioral response to a reduction in the health benefits associated with treating water, which decline and eventually become negligible as local adoption of improved sanitation increases. Estimates of the value of time savings associated with the reduction in water boiling suggest that this adaptation is an additional important benefit of sanitation investments, most of which likely accrues to girls and women. |
| Keywords: | WASH; water boiling; height-for-age; firewood collection |
| JEL: | I12 O15 Q50 |
| Date: | 2024–11–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbewp:0751 |
| By: | Kassa, M.; Lemma, M.; Haile, Alemseged Tamiru (International Water Management Institute); Mekuria, Wolde (International Water Management Institute); Gezahagn, A.; Asnakew, M.; Haileslassie, Amare (International Water Management Institute) |
| Keywords: | Integrated water resources management; Multi-stakeholder processes; Guidelines; Governance; River basin management; Sustainability; Collaboration; Partnerships; Decision making; Policies; Local communities |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h052584 |
| By: | Ghosh, Surajit (International Water Management Institute); Holmatov, Bunyod (International Water Management Institute); Rajakaruna, Punsisi (International Water Management Institute) |
| Keywords: | Greenhouse gas emissions; Estimation; Hydropower; Reservoirs; Climate change mitigation; Sustainability; Frameworks; Bibliometric analysis; Policies |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h052593 |
| By: | Hatsor, Limor; Shurtz, Ity |
| Abstract: | We use a baby formula “food scare” in Israel in 2003 as a plausible natural experiment to study the causal relationship between breastfeeding and mothers’ return to work after childbirth. Analysis of administrative data covering the universe of births in the country shows that first-time mothers who gave birth shortly after the scare delayed their return to work. Their average months worked in the first six months after childbirth fell by about 11 percent relative to their counterparts in the previous year. Data from a major medical equipment lender in Israel indicates an increased likelihood of borrowing milk pumps, suggesting that the delay in returning to work was driven by an increase in breastfeeding. The results indicate that despite developments in technology and policy changes in recent decades, mothers still trade off work for the breastfeeding of their children. |
| Keywords: | motherhood, labor supply, breastfeeding, food scare, maternity leave, return to work |
| JEL: | I18 J13 J22 D1 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:306141 |
| By: | Phounvisouk, L.; Sonethavixay, Sengphachanh (International Water Management Institute); Inphonephong, Souphalack (International Water Management Institute) |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness; Public-private partnerships; Policies; Public-private cooperation; Farmers organizations; Communities; Case studies; Rubber |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h052861 |
| By: | van Koppen, Barbara (International Water Management Institute); Nohayi, Ngowenani (International Water Management Institute); Jacobs-Mata, Inga (International Water Management Institute); Nortje, Karen (International Water Management Institute) |
| Keywords: | Community involvement; Development plans; Water supply; Accountability; Co-management; Capacity development; Stakeholders; Planning; Frameworks; Political aspects; Communities; Municipal governments |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h052927 |
| By: | Isabelle Tsakok |
| Abstract: | If the recent peaceful transfer of power in Madagascar heralds a new trend, then the Malagasy people can dream big. For decades, the exercise of economic-cum-political power in the hands of a tiny elite has held the entire nation hostage. Today, the high poverty rate—around 80% (2021) stands in stark contrast to the natural resource abundance of this huge enormous island. There is hope, however, that with political stability, the Plan d’Émergence Madagascar (PEM) President Andry Rajoelina will undertake critical investments and reforms the Plan d’Émergence Madagascar (PEM) under President Andry Rajoelina will undertake key critical investments and reforms. If these initiatives persist, Madagascar can grow and exploit the historic market opportunities offered by the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). Major sectors like agriculture and agri-business; tourism; textile and apparel industry hold promise for making a major significant contribution to poverty reduction in the short to medium terms, thus strengthening the current fragile recovery towards a more food secure and resilient Madagascar. |
| Date: | 2022–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:rpaeco:pb_64-22 |
| By: | Danzer, Alexander M. (Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt); Zeidler, Helen (Technical University of Munich) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates time inconsistencies in food consumption based on a field experiment at a college canteen where participants repeatedly select and consume lunch menus. The design features a convex non-monetary budget in a natural environment and satisfies the consume-on-receipt assumption. Leveraging 3, 666 choices of different food healthiness, we find no time inconsistency at the meal level. Utility weight estimates at the dish level reveal that consumers balance healthiness between food categories. Individuals who exert self-control take up a commitment device as soon as available, while non-committers are present-biased. Dynamic inconsistencies in food and money choices are independent. |
| Keywords: | field experiment, dynamic inconsistency, commitment, food consumption |
| JEL: | D12 D01 C93 D91 I12 |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17415 |
| By: | Erwan Joud (UBO - Université de Brest, LEGO - Laboratoire d'Economie et de Gestion de l'Ouest - UBS - Université de Bretagne Sud - UBO - Université de Brest - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] - IBSHS - Institut Brestois des Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société - UBO - Université de Brest - UBL - Université Bretagne Loire - IMT Atlantique - IMT Atlantique - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]); Morgane Innocent |
| Abstract: | essential role to play. To obtain a change in the individual and collective behavior of guests, it is necessary to take into account their captivity in a system in which one of the alternatives can be deconsumption. The choices of support for guests aimed at obtaining adherement for sustainable food are described in this paper and questioned based on the voice of users obtained through non-participant observation and micro-interviews. From childhood to adulthood, the categories of support to be mobilized as a priority vary. The main result of this research is to bring out support through conviviality as a relevant lever among adolescents and adults. The exploratory and promising nature of the results calls for considerably strengthening knowledge on support through conviviality in collective catering. |
| Abstract: | Afin d'envisager une transition alimentaire vers des pratiques durables, la restauration collective a un rôle essentiel à jouer. Pour obtenir un changement des comportements individuels et collectifs des convives, il faut tenir compte de leur captivité dans un système dont l'une des alternatives peut être la déconsommation. Les choix d'accompagnement des convives visant à obtenir l'adhésion à une alimentation durable sont décrits dans ce papier et questionnés à partir de la voix des usagers obtenue par l'observation non-participante et des microentretiens. De l'enfance à l'âge adulte, les catégories d'accompagnement à mobiliser en priorité varient. Le principal résultat de cette recherche est de faire émerger l'accompagnement convivial comme levier pertinent chez les adolescents et les adultes. Le caractère exploratoire et prometteur des résultats appelle à considérablement renforcer les connaissances sur l'accompagnement convivial dans la restauration collective. |
| Keywords: | Collective catering, sustainable food, transition, conviviality, Restauration collective, alimentation durable, convivialité |
| Date: | 2024–06–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04759725 |
| By: | Stefan Dercon; Kate Orkin; Giulio Schinaia; Alemayehu Seyoum Taffesse; Tanguy Bernard |
| Abstract: | Aspirations have been posited to condition the future-oriented choices of individuals and thus can play a role in the persistence of poverty or the effort to break out of it. In a randomised control trial in remote, rural Ethiopia, we assess the effectiveness of an intervention seeking to change how poor people perceive their future opportunities, alter their aspirations and, through that, modify their investment decisions. A treatment group was shown video documentaries about the lives of individuals from similar communities who escaped poverty through their own efforts and, as such, can serve as role models. Five years after the screening took place, the treated households increased future-oriented investments in agriculture and in children’s education. The results can be explained by the increase in aspirations in terms of lifetime goals. Overall, this research uniquely provides evidence that a light-touch behavioural intervention can have persistent economic impacts on a poor population. |
| Keywords: | aspirations, long-term, investment, role models |
| JEL: | D03 I31 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:csa:wpaper:2023-10 |
| By: | Rajaona, Ambinistoa; Limbe, Medad; Ali, Mustaf |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the impact of formal employment on household welfare in rural Tanzania using data from the 2012/13 Tanzania National Panel. Distance to major roads is employed as an instrumental variable to estimate the local area treatment effect (LATE) of formal employment participation on household consumption levels. Results from the first stage show that as distance from major roads increases the likelihood of participating in formal employment also declines. The second stage results reveal that households that are engaged in formal employment have significantly higher consumption levels compared to households to non-participating households. The findings highlight the crucial role that improving road infrastructure can play in promoting access to formal employment opportunities and improving living standards in rural areas. |
| Keywords: | employment; welfare; infrastructure; tanzania; instrumental variables; LATE |
| JEL: | D1 D6 I3 I38 |
| Date: | 2024–06–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:122180 |