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on Agricultural Economics |
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Issue of 2024‒07‒15
27 papers chosen by |
| By: | Sharofiddinov Husniddin (School of Economics and Management, Kochi University of Technology, Japan); Moinul Islam (School of Economics and Management, Kochi University of Technology, Japan); Koji Kotani (School of Economics and Management, Kochi University of Technology, Japan) |
| Abstract: | Climate change is a global concern, having a negative impact on agriculture, for food security and sustainability. Farmers’ adaptations are known to be key drivers for the resolutions. However, little is established about relationships between farmers’ characteristics and adaptation responses to climate change under irrigated agriculture. We investigate how farm sizes influence the adaptations in consideration to irrigation-related, cognitive and socioeconomic factors reflecting farming culture and history, hypothesizing that large-size farms adapt to climate change as compared to small-size ones in Tajikistan, where collective farming, “Kolkhoz and Sovkhoz, †had been practiced. The data were collected through a questionnaire survey with 800 farmers on their adaptations, farm sizes, climatic perceptions, irrigation water availability and socioeconomic factors. We conduct statistical analyses utilizing the index to characterize farmers’ adaptation responses. The results indicate an importance of farm sizes on adaptations, demonstrating that small-size farms adapt less than large-size farms, but increases their adaptations when they have good climatic perceptions and irrigation water availability. Overall, this research confirms an advantage of large-size farms for adaptations based on Tajikistan farming culture and history. Thus, the ongoing land-fragmentation policy should be reconsidered for possible losses in adaptations, as it has been drastically increasing the number of small-size farms. Otherwise, it is essential to support the small-size farms for acquiring good perceptions and enough water. |
| Keywords: | Farm sizes, adaptation responses, farming culture, history, Tajikistan |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kch:wpaper:sdes-2024-2&r= |
| By: | Ecker, Olivier; Comstock, Andrew R.; de Brauw, Alan; Diao, Xinshen; Talukder, Md. Ruhul Amin |
| Abstract: | Food system transformation strategies rely on consumer demand response for achieving sustainable healthy diets, but food consumption patterns and consumer preferences are often not well understood in many countries of the global South. This brief examines consumer demand in Bangladesh, a country in the take-off stage of agrifood system transformation, that has experienced improvements in diet quality but also an increasing incidence of overweight, with faster increases in rural than urban areas. The authors estimate responses in consumer demand to changes in incomes and changes in food prices, finding that rural consumer demand is driven by strong preferences for animal-source foods, while the demand for sugar and highly processed foods increases faster than total food demand when income rises. They conclude that agricultural value chain development can be an important policy instrument for improving household diet quality but can also lead to undesirable dietary change if food consumption incentives conflict with nutritional needs. |
| Keywords: | food systems; consumer behaviour; rural areas; healthy diets; demand; overweight; modelling; animal source foods; agricultural value chains; nutrition; Asia; Southern Asia; Bangladesh |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:issbrf:144173&r= |
| By: | Khanh Ngoc, Quach Thi (Faculty of Economics, Nha Trang University, Nha Trang, Vietnam); Xuan, Bui Bich (Faculty of Economics, Nha Trang University, Nha Trang, Vietnam); Nam, Pham Khanh (School of Economics, Law and Government Management, University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam) |
| Abstract: | Small-scale fisheries, are crucial to support the welfare of coastal communities. Nonetheless, in Vietnam prolonged overexploitation and inadequate management have led small-scale fisheries into an uncertain future, leaving fishing households vulnerable to poverty and food insecurity. This study examines the role of small-scale fisheries in Vietnam in promoting food security and alleviating poverty within fishing households. Utilizing latent profile analysis, we categorize fishing households based on dimensions of poverty and food insecurity as well as explore the potential of fisheries management measures in eradicating poverty and improving food security. Our findings reveal that, overall, small-scale fisheries in Vietnam have significantly contributed to the well-being of fishing households, enhancing both income and food security. However, we found two distinct groups of fishers. One group, representing 65 percent of households in our sample, is characterized by higher incomes and greater food security, is denoted in the study as “protected households”. The second group, comprising 35 percent of our sample, is challenged in both dimensions, and is denoted as “vulnerable households”. Protected households are more likely to be located in areas where access limitations are enforced, often accompanied by livelihood enhancement opportunities. These results imply that future policies for small-scale fisheries should foster synergies among various interventions aimed at conserving fisheries resources, alleviating poverty, and ensuring food security. |
| Keywords: | Poverty; food security; small-scale fisheries; Vietnam fisheries |
| JEL: | Q22 |
| Date: | 2024–06–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:gunefd:2024_007&r= |
| By: | Maguire, Karen; Tanner, Sophia J.; Winikoff, Justin B.; Williams, Ryan |
| Abstract: | This report examines land cover and land cover change associated with utility-scale solar and wind development in rural areas from 2009–20. Wind development has been expanding since the late 1990s and comprises a larger share of renewable capacity than solar as most utility-scale solar projects were installed after 2016. Due to decreasing costs and new or existing policies promoting renewable development, the pace of development is expected to increase. The amount of land cover directly affected by solar and wind is estimated to be small relative to the amount of farmland. Still, more than 90 percent of wind turbines and 70 percent of solar farms in rural areas were sited on agricultural land. There are large regional differences in the distribution of solar and wind development. Even in years when no development occurred, land cover changed more frequently on land used for solar than wind, suggesting that solar and wind were sited on different types of land. After installation, solar sites more commonly changed land cover than wind, including shifts away from agriculture. Wind sites maintained agricultural land cover. This suggests that wind is compatible with agriculture and that land-use competition exists between farmland and solar farms. |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries, Land Economics/Use, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:uersrr:343476&r= |
| By: | Andam, Kwaw S.; Amare, Mulubhran; Zambrano, Patrica; Bamiwuye, Temilolu; Nwagboso, Chibuzo; Fasoranti, Adetunji; Edeh, Hyacinth; Chambers, Judith |
| Abstract: | Nigeria is the largest consumer and producer of cowpea in Africa. Produced predominantly by smallholder farmers, cowpea is relied on by millions of Nigerians and is one of their main sources of affordable protein. Despite cowpea’s economic relevance (Nwagboso et al. 2024; Phillip et al. 2019), cowpea yields in Nigeria have barely grown over the last 20 years. One of the main abiotic constraints of the crop is the pod-borer insect (Maruca vitrata), which can cause damages of up to 80 percent. Given that conventional breeding has not been successful in addressing this constraint, local and international efforts over the last decades focused on developing a pod-borer-resistant (PBR) cowpea. The culmination of these efforts in Nigeria was the commercial release of the PBR cowpea variety SAMPEA-20T in late 2019. This is a significant milestone, as it was the first transgenic food crop to be approved for cultivation in Nigeria. In its programming under the “Feed the Future Innovative Maize and Cowpea Technologies to Increase Food and Nutrition Security in Africa†activity, implemented by the African Agricultural Technology Foundation (AATF), the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) aims for an adoption rate of PBR cowpea in Nigeria of 25 percent by 2025, with yield gains of 20 percent and accompanying reductions in pesticide applications. The International Food Policy Research Institute’s (IFPRI) Program for Biosafety Systems (PBS) is leading a five-year (2021–2026) impact evaluation (IE) project, funded by USAID. The study goal is to generate causal evidence of the use of the PBR cowpea variety and its consequential household and farm impacts and associated value chain effects. In a collaboration with IFPRI’s Nigeria Country Office, PBS is leading and coordinating the overall study while the IFPRI-Nigeria Country Office designs and implements the quantitative and qualitative approaches to the evaluation. IFPRI has worked with technology developers, the AATF and its partners (including private local seed companies), to ensure access to necessary data and cooperation by the evaluation team, while maintaining the team’s independence. To ensure such required independence, the evaluation team has separated the cooperation in implementing the evaluation (including distributing inputs) from the data analysis. The evaluation team will continue to maintain its independence in the methodological approach and the analysis of the results from the implemented randomized controlled trial (RCT), adhering to international standards. |
| Keywords: | cowpeas; smallholders; nutrition; yields; pests; transgenic plants; value chains; impact assessment; Nigeria; Western Africa; Africa |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:resrep:145074&r= |
| By: | Gustavo A. Del Angel (division of economics, cide) |
| Abstract: | This paper explains the historical development of agricultural insurance and reinsurance in Mexico in the second half of the 20th century. The central argument is that the Mexican government did not fully actívate the rural insurance and reinsurance markets since it continued to intervene in the crop insurance matkets with political purposes. In Mexico, since its origins in1961, and during most of the period under study, agricultural insurance was provided to farmers mainly by the government. through a state-owned insurance company. Anagsa. Although during the 1960s crop insurance in Mexico was based on technical criteria, in following decades its allocation was base don political criterio and a mechanism that fosterd corrupt practices. After reform in 1990, agricultural insurance faced a promising horizon. However, always had the challenge of political intervention by the government. This is a preliminary versión of a chapter prepared for the book Role of Reinsurance in the World, edity by Leonardo Caruana de las Cagigas and André Straus. |
| Keywords: | rural insurance, rural reinsurance, history of insurance, Mexico. |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:emc:wpaper:dte626&r= |
| By: | Peters, Koen (Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management) |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tiu:tiutis:4e63a46a-29eb-4845-b136-223a9c35351e&r= |
| By: | Mengfei Chen (Grace); Mohamed Kharbeche (Grace); Mohamed Haouari (Grace); Weihong (Grace); Guo |
| Abstract: | How to ensure accessibility to food and nutrition while food supply chains suffer from demand and supply uncertainties caused by disruptive forces such as the COVID-19 pandemic and natural disasters is an emerging and critical issue. Unstable access to food influences the level of nutrition that weakens the health and well-being of citizens. Therefore, a food accessibility evaluation index is proposed in this work to quantify how well nutrition needs are met. The proposed index is then embedded in a stochastic multi-objective mixed-integer optimization problem to determine the optimal supply chain design to maximize food accessibility and minimize cost. Considering uncertainty in demand and supply, the multi-objective problem is solved in a two-phase simulation-optimization framework in which Green Field Analysis is applied to determine the long-term, tactical decisions such as supply chain configuration, and then Monte Carlo simulation is performed iteratively to determine the short-term supply chain operations by solving a stochastic programming problem. A case study is conducted on the beef supply chain in Qatar. Pareto efficient solutions are validated in discrete event simulation to evaluate the performance of the designed supply chain in various realistic scenarios and provide recommendations for different decision-makers. |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2406.04439&r= |
| By: | Darryl Jones; Annelies Deuss |
| Abstract: | In the wake of significant price increases in 2021 and 2022, countries introduced new or revised their fertiliser policies, further complicating the policy landscape in a highly concentrated market susceptible to supply disruptions. This report takes stock of the variety of policies in place and develops a framework for their classification and analysis. Key insights include the evolution and composition of farmer support estimates for mineral fertiliser use, the generally low or zero import tariffs reflecting high import dependence, and the non-transparent and frequently changing export restrictions imposed by major exporters. The analysis also shows a clear shift in policies from supporting mineral fertilisers to reducing their use or supporting organic fertiliser production and use. Yet, despite the potential of organic fertilisers, expanding their use and development will require substantial investment, changes in farm management, and policy adjustments. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural support, Export restrictions, Market concentration, Organic fertiliser, Policy framework |
| Date: | 2024–06–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:agraaa:208-en&r= |
| By: | Thomas Delcey (UB - Université de Bourgogne, LEDi - Laboratoire d'Economie de Dijon [Dijon] - UB - Université de Bourgogne - UBFC - Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE]); Guillaume Noblet (Auteur indépendant) |
| Abstract: | This article offers a historical analysis of American interwar agricultural economists and their interest in information. Believing that the main problem facing farmers was a lack of information, agricultural economists designed an information policy aiming to produce, format, and disseminate information. Using administrative archives, the article analyzes the motivations of these economists and the implementation of this policy. As the article shows, the policy was a prerequisite for theoretical discussions about information, and it established institutional tools that are still used today, such as the USDA market news service. |
| Keywords: | History of economics, Agricultural economics, Economics of information |
| Date: | 2024–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03227973&r= |
| By: | Mira Word Ries (ASU - Arizona State University [Tempe]); Chris Adriaansen (Australian Plague Locust Commission - Partenaires INRAE); Shoki Aldobai (FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations); Kevin Berry (University of Alaska [Anchorage]); Amadou Bocar Bal (UGB - Université Gaston Berger de Saint-Louis Sénégal); Maria Cecilia Catenaccio (SENASA - Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria); Maria Marta Cigliano (CEPAVE - Centro de Estudios Parasitologicos y de Vectores [La Plata] - CONICET - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] - UNLP - Universidad Nacional de la Plata [Argentine] - CIC - Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas [Buenos Aires]); Darron A. Cullen (University of Hull [United Kingdom]); Ted Deveson (Australian Plague Locust Commission - Partenaires INRAE); Aliou Diongue (United Nations World Food Programme, P. O. Box 7159, Kampala, Uganda); Bert Foquet (UF - University of Florida [Gainesville]); Joleen Hadrich (UMN - University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] - UMN - University of Minnesota System); David Hunter (Locust and Grasshopper Control); Dan L. Johnson (University of Lethbridge); Juan Pablo Karnatz (Confederaciones Rurales Argentinas); Carlos E. Lange (CEPAVE - Centro de Estudios Parasitologicos y de Vectores [La Plata] - CONICET - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] - UNLP - Universidad Nacional de la Plata [Argentine] - CIC - Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas [Buenos Aires]); Douglas Lawton (AgBiome); Mohammed Lazar (Institut National de la Protection des Végétaux - Partenaires INRAE); Alexandre V. Latchininsky (FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations); Michel Lecoq (UMR CBGP - Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD [France-Sud] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Marion Le Gall (ASU - Arizona State University [Tempe]); Jeffrey Lockwood (UW - University of Wyoming); Balanding Manneh (CAM - University of Cambridge [UK]); Rick Overson (ASU - Arizona State University [Tempe]); Brittany F. Peterson (SIUE - Southern Illinois University [Edwardsville]); Cyril Piou (UMR CBGP - Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD [France-Sud] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Mario A. Poot-Pech (CESVY - Comité Estatal de Sanidad Vegetal del Estado de Yucatán); Brian E. Robinson (McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]); Stephen M. Rogers (University of Lincoln [UK]); Hojun Song (Texas A&M University [College Station]); Simon Springate (University of Greenwich); Clara Therville (SENS - Savoirs, ENvironnement et Sociétés - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement); Eduardo Trumper (INTA - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria); Cathy Waters (NSW DPI - New South Wales Department of Primary Industries); Derek A. Woller (USDA-APHIS - USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service - USDA - United States Department of Agriculture); Jacob P. Youngblood (SOU - Southern Oregon University); Long Zhang (CAU - China Agricultural University); Arianne Cease (ASU - Arizona State University [Tempe]) |
| Abstract: | Locusts and other migratory grasshoppers are transboundary pests. Monitoring and control, therefore, involve a complex system made up of social, ecological, and technological factors. Researchers and those involved in active management are calling for more integration between these siloed but often interrelated sectors. In this paper, we bring together 38 coauthors from six continents and 34 unique organizations, representing much of the social -ecological -technological system (SETS) related to grasshopper and locust management and research around the globe, to introduce current topics of interest and review recent advancements. Together, the paper explores the relationships, strengths, and weaknesses of the organizations responsible for the management of major locust -affected regions. The authors cover topics spanning humanities, social science, and the history of locust biological research and offer insights and approaches for the future of collaborative sustainable locust management. These perspectives will help support sustainable locust management, which still faces immense challenges such as fluctuations in funding, focus, isolated agendas, trust, communication, transparency, pesticide use, and environmental and human health standards. Arizona State University launched the Global Locust Initiative (GLI) in 2018 as a response to some of these challenges. The GLI welcomes individuals with interests in locusts and grasshoppers, transboundary pests, integrated pest management, landscape -level processes, food security, and/or cross-sectoral initiatives. |
| Keywords: | Acrididae, basic and applied research, biocontrol agents, collective action, environmental governance, food security, Global Locust Initiative (GLI), livelihoods, Locusta, Melanoplus, Metarhizium, multidisciplinary research, Oedaleus, organizations, Orthoptera, Paranosema, Schistocerca, social-ecological-technological system (SETS), transboundary migratory pest Acanthacris ruficornis (Fabricius, transboundary migratory pest |
| Date: | 2024–05–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04605947&r= |
| By: | L. Dary Beltran; Manuel Alejandro Cardenete; Ferran Sancho |
| Abstract: | In response to increased awareness of climate change, environmental sustainability has become a policy objective in Europe. Despite a decrease in greenhouse gas emissions, the European Commission deems current progress insufficient. Discussions on implementing environmental policies persist, with environmental taxation emerging as one of the most controversial yet potentially effective economic instruments for reducing emissions. However, the extent of its impact on the economy remains under debate, as improvements in welfare and environmental quality hinge on various economic, political, and public preference factors. Therefore, we analyse the economic impact of introducing an environmental tax to achieve emission reduction targets in Spain, while also testing two systems for recycling tax revenues. This allows us to assess the potential for a second dividend. We select Spain as the unit of analysis due to its minimal utilisation of environmental taxes, as it ranks among the European countries that are least active in combating climate change using taxation. |
| Keywords: | Environmental taxation; Emissions mitigation; Tax recycling. |
| JEL: | D57 E16 H21 H23 |
| Date: | 2024–06–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aub:autbar:975.24&r= |
| By: | Llavador, Humberto; Roemer, John; Stoerk, Thomas |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes a stylized model of the global economy in which countries must agree on the carbon budget while the decision on the level of carbon emissions is decentralized, with firms treating their emissions as a production input for which a uniform price is charged. The revenue accumulates in a global fund and is returned to global citizens according to national shares that are announced ex ante. The vector of country shares for the distribution of the carbon revenue assures that countries agree by unanimity on the carbon budget. The equilibrium exhibits the following desired features: (1) the global emissions level is set by unanimous agreement; (2) the demand to emit carbon is decentralized and, hence, there is no need to determine the distribution of permits; and (3) the equilibrium is Pareto efficient. We explore the implication of the model in an application based on RICE-2010. |
| Keywords: | carbon price; climate economics; climate policy; international environmental agreement |
| JEL: | Q54 Q56 Q58 F53 |
| Date: | 2022–12–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:123736&r= |
| By: | Andersson, Henrik; Ouvrard, Benjamin |
| Abstract: | We implement an online survey on a sample of 1, 088 French respondents to assess their willingness-to-pay (WTP) for meat substitutes and to test the effectiveness of informational treatments aimed at encouraging a switch to these substitutes. Using insights from the mental accounting theory, our treatments inform respondents about the carbon content of the different alternatives. We show that there is no significant difference in the WTP between the veggie and meat-like alternatives, both exceeding the WTP for cultured meat. Second, we detect weak and heterogeneous effects of our informational treatments. Third, our study emphasizes the need for careful consideration in study design, as certain results appeared to challenge the independence of irrelevant alternatives principle. |
| Keywords: | Externalities; Meat substitutes; Mental accounting; Willingness-to-pay |
| JEL: | C99 Q18 Q51 |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tse:wpaper:129428&r= |
| By: | Benatti, Nicola; Groiss, Martin; Kelly, Petra; Lopez-Garcia, Paloma |
| Abstract: | We examine the extent to which environmental regulation affects innovation and which policy types provide the strongest incentives to innovate. Using a local projection framework, we estimate the regulatory impact on patenting activity over a five-year horizon. As a proxy for environmental policy exposure, we estimate firm-level greenhouse gas emissions using a machine learning algorithm. At the country-level, policy tightening is largely associated with no statistically significant change in environmental technology innovation. At the firm-level, however, environmental policy tightening leads to higher innovation activity in technologies mitigating climate change, while the effect on innovation in other technologies is muted. This suggests that environmental regulation does not lead to a crowding-out of non-clean innovations. The policy type matters, as increasing the stringency of technology support policies and non-market based policies leads to increases in clean technology patenting, while we do not find a statistically significant impact of market-based policies. JEL Classification: O44, Q52, Q58 |
| Keywords: | emissions, environmental regulation, euro area, innovation, Porter hypothesis |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecb:ecbwps:20242946&r= |
| By: | Gulliver Lux (UQAM - Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal); Emmanuelle Fromont (CREM - Centre de recherche en économie et management - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UR - Université de Rennes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Thi Le Hoa Vo (CREM - Centre de recherche en économie et management - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UR - Université de Rennes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | This article questions the prospects for growth or degrowth of companies as a means of preserving the Earth's ecosystem. More specifically, we propose using a carbon productivity indicator in association with the IPCC Carbon Productivity Target (based on UNFCCC work) to assess the genuine ecological impact of corporate economic activity. This indicator was applied to data from 2015 to 2019 for a sample of companies in the SFB 120 index, and results from their classification are compared to the results obtained with indicators that do not take into account the IPCC targets based on UNFCCC work (Scopes). We highlight how a company's economic growth plays a key role in the fight against global warming. We found that a significant share of the companies that usually qualified as green using the Scope 1 and 2 emissions are, in fact, not green (63% and 43% of polluting and low-polluting companies, respectively). We underscore the fact that while green growth still seems possible, the same is true of green degrowth. More specifically, our results advocate for either controlled growth or for slight degrowth in business activity. Lastly, our results open a discussion on degrowth by highlighting how companies in this situation are over-represented among those that meet IPCC objectives. |
| Keywords: | Green growth, Degrowth, IPCC, UNFCCC, Carbon productivity, GHG emissions |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04188747&r= |
| By: | Agnes Norris-Keiller; John Van Reenen |
| Abstract: | Climate change is making natural disasters more frequent, yet little is known about the capacity of firms to withstand such disasters and adapt to their increased frequency. We examine this issue using the latest wave of the World Management Survey (WMS) that includes new questions on firms' climate change perceptions and adaptation behaviour. Combining this with geocoded data on natural disasters and previous WMS waves, we create a panel spanning 8, 000 firms across 33 countries and three decades that shows exposure to disasters decreases growth inputs, outputs and firm survival. More importantly, firms with structured management practices are more resilient, suffering much smaller drops in jobs and capital. To understand the mechanisms behind this resilience, we use the new WMS climate questions to show better managed firms have more accurate perceptions of climate-related risks to their businesses. Such firms are also more likely to have implemented measures to adapt to climate change both overall and in response to their perceived climate risk. Other aspects of firm organisation, such as decentralisation, also help protect against disasters, but their adaptation behaviour is not well-targeted. These results show that improving management is one way to help protect economies from climate change shocks. |
| Keywords: | climate, natural disasters, management practices, firm performance |
| Date: | 2024–06–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp2007&r= |
| By: | Hanol Lee (Research Institute of Economics and Management, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Sichuan, China); Dainn Wie (National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies, Tokyo, Japan); Eunbi Song (Department of Economics, School of Business, Monash University, Selangor, Malaysia) |
| Abstract: | Bangladesh has long been exposed to climate-induced disasters, and the literature has paid little attention to their impact on child marriage. This study empirically explores the gendered impact of extreme rainfall on child marriage in Bangladesh and provides a comprehensive yet detailed analysis using high-resolution weather data and nationally representative rural household survey. The duration analysis in this paper shows that women exposed to one standard deviation more extreme rainfall are at an increased risk of child marriage by 5.5%. However, we find no evidence that child marriages driven by extreme rainfall lead to early childbirth in women. We also report that extreme rainfall has no statistically significant impact on men’s child marriages. The main finding is consistent across several decades of cohort and robust to migration, which might threaten internal validity. We also highlight that our main findings are driven by households living in non-coastal regions, with significant heterogeneity across divisions. |
| Keywords: | Bangladesh, child marriage, extreme rainfall, survival analysis, weather shock |
| Date: | 2022–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ngi:dpaper:22-10&r= |
| By: | Samuel Lietaer; Lore Van Praag; Hut Elodie; Michellier Caroline |
| Abstract: | This qualitative study takes a translocal perspective by considering migrants’ views on environmental change, migration decisions and translocal practices in favour of environmental adaptation. This article addresses the following question: To what extent do migrants’ perceptions of environmental change in their region of origin influence their translocal practices in favour of adaptation to socio-environmental change? Our data show that while environmental change may not be the primary reason that people migrate, nor do they perceive it as such, their translocal practices may have very concrete impacts in environmentally fragile areas, especially with respect to non-migrants in the place of origin. Most practices (e.g. family economic remittances) are spontaneous and unintentionally adaptive to environmental change. In contrast, collective projects initiated through hometown associations, especially in Senegal and Morocco, often have a more intentional and proactive character, resulting in translocal adaptive socio-environmental dynamics. |
| Keywords: | International migration; Environmental change; Climate change; Translocal practices; Transnationalism; Morocco; Senegal; Democratic Republic of Congo; Belgium |
| Date: | 2024–04–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulb:ulbeco:2013/373608&r= |
| By: | Dorothée Brécard (LEAD - Laboratoire d'Économie Appliquée au Développement - UTLN - Université de Toulon); Mireille Chiroleu-Assouline (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Environmental nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are increasingly using strategies to encourage firms to eliminate product components (e.g., palm oil) that are harmful to the environment (e.g., rainforests) or to replace them with NGO‐certified sustainable components. Under what conditions do NGOs' information and ecolabeling strategies succeed in eliminating certain harmful components when these components contribute to the intrinsic quality of a product? The paper addresses these questions using a model of two‐dimensional vertical product differentiation in a market with consumers either informed or uninformed about the environmental quality of products and two firms that initially offer a product with the harmful component and a harmful component‐free product. We show that the information campaign plays a crucial and effective role in improving environmental quality, although the optimal share of informed consumers for the NGO is large but not always 100%. Ecolabeling cannot replace the information campaign. It is only a complementary tool to an intensive information campaign. Used together, they can succeed in triggering the substitution of the certified sustainable component for the harmful one. |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04592469&r= |
| By: | Gravina, Antonio Francesco (University of Palermo); Lanzafame, Matteo (Asian Development Bank) |
| Abstract: | The substantial literature on the existence of an inverted U-shaped relationship between environmental degradation and economic growth—known as the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC)—has produced very mixed evidence. This largely depends on model and variable selection uncertainty. We address these issues relying on Bayesian Model Averaging techniques. Our results indicate that the EKC has an inverted-N shape, with almost all emerging economies analyzed on the upward segment of the curve displaying a positive association between per capita gross domestic product and carbon dioxide emissions, and most advanced economies analyzed on the second downward segment of the curve. These findings are robust to the use of different measures of environmental pollution and (non-Bayesian) Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression techniques. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Kuznets Curve; economic growth; model uncertainty |
| JEL: | C52 O13 Q56 |
| Date: | 2024–06–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbewp:0731&r= |
| By: | Miquel Oliu-Barton; Juan Mejino Lopez |
| Abstract: | Despite major progress, the cost of air pollution is still huge for the European Union |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bre:wpaper:node_10096&r= |
| By: | Fuhrmann-Riebel, Hanna (University of East Anglia); D'Exelle, Ben (University of East Anglia); López Vargas, Kristian (University of California, Santa Cruz); Tonke, Sebastian (Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods); Verschoor, Arjan (University of East Anglia) |
| Abstract: | Tackling environmental pollution requires a permanent change in regular, repeated behavior of households. Bringing about change in such behavior may require interventions that are not limited to a single point in time, yet little evidence exists on how frequently we need to target households to initiate behavioral change and to form new habits in regular pro-environmental behavior. To fill this gap, we investigate the impact of mobile text reminders on households' recycling behavior in urban Peru, by randomly varying the frequency of reminders over a nine-week treatment period. We find that reminders increase both the likelihood that households start to recycle, and the frequency of recycling among households that already recycled before the intervention. The effects are stronger if reminders are repeated over a longer period. Our findings suggest that low-cost mobile text reminders can support repeated pro-environmental behavior, and that some repetition may be needed to maximize their effectiveness. |
| Keywords: | recycling, habit formation, limited attention, reminders, Peru |
| JEL: | C93 D83 D90 D91 Q53 Q58 |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17013&r= |
| By: | Sidra Rehman; Laura Jaramillo |
| Abstract: | Do weather shocks worsen conflict around the world? To answer this question, this paper uses an innovative dataset created by using georeferencing to match weather and conflict data at the subregional level on a monthly frequency across 168 countries over 2013 to 2022.The empirical results show that higher temperature exacerbate conflict where it already exists. Estimations indicate that, in a high emissions scenario and all else equal, by 2060 conflict deaths as a share of the population for a median country facing conflict could increase by 12.3 percent due to rising temperatures. These findings underscore the importance of integrating climate resilience into peace and security efforts and designing climate adaptation policies that support conflict prevention and resolution. |
| Keywords: | conflict; temperature; precipitation; climate change |
| Date: | 2024–06–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2024/112&r= |
| By: | Yann Delaprez; Morgane Guignard |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes a merger of large manufacturers with divestiture in the French coffee market. In contrast to previous approaches used to study the effects of upstream divestitures on prices and welfare, we model the vertical market structure. First, our results show that the standard policy recommendation to require divestiture to small recipient firms may not hold when asymmetric bargaining power between firms is considered. Second, we show that previous models significantly overestimate costs. We estimate costs that are 41 percent lower, and find that divestiture can lead to marginal cost savings for the buyer of the divested brand. |
| Keywords: | Merger, remedies, divestiture, vertical markets, bargaining power |
| JEL: | D12 L11 L51 L40 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwwpp:dp2088&r= |
| By: | Dang, Hai-Anh; Carletto, Calogero; Gourlay, Sydney; Abanokova, Kseniya |
| Abstract: | Monitoring soil quality provides indispensable inputs for effective policy advice, but very few poorer countries can implement high-quality surveys on soil. We offer an alternative, low-cost imputation-based approach to generating various soil quality indicators. The estimation results validate well against objective measures based on benchmark surveys for Ethiopia and Uganda both for the mean values and the entire distributions of these indicators based on multiple imputation (MI) methods. Machine learning methods also perform well but mostly for the mean values. Furthermore, our imputation models can be combined with other publicly available, large-scale datasets on soil quality generated by model-based analysis with earth observations to provide improved estimates. Our results offer relevant inputs for future data collection efforts. |
| Keywords: | soil quality, multiple imputation, missing data, survey data, Ethiopia, Uganda |
| JEL: | C8 O12 Q1 Q2 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1445&r= |
| By: | Eynde, Oliver Vanden; Wren-Lewis, Liam |
| Abstract: | Complementarities between infrastructure projects have been understudied. This paper examines interactions in the impacts of large-scale road construction, electrification, and mobile phone coverage programs in rural India. We exploit variation over time in when villages received the programs to study the individual and joint impacts on a range of outcomes. Notably, we find strong evidence that villages increase dry-season cropping when they receive both electricity and roads, but not when they receive one without the other. This increase in dry-season cropping is associated with a move towards market crops and improved economic conditions (i.e., higher assets and consumption). These findings have implications for the optimal implementation of infrastructure programs. |
| Date: | 2024–06–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:ejb8x&r= |