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on Agricultural Economics |
| By: | Primov, Abdulla |
| Abstract: | In Uzbekistan, land is more appropriate for cultivating fruits and vegetables. Since independence, the government of Uzbekistan has implemented a number of agricultural policies such as making some crucial structural reforms at the farms, comprising different institutions and enhancing diversification of agricultural production in order to stabilize on agricultural sector of the country. Therefore, crop diversity has an important role in sustainable agriculture. The main objective of the study is to analyze the degree and extent of crop diversification among farmers. We calculated the diversification index based on the Simpson Diversity Index method. The study revealed the mean computed Simpson Index values indicate that diversity index was found 0.59, 0.45, 0.56 and 0.62 for Andijan, Karakalpakstan, Kashkadarya and Tashkent regions, respectively. This implies that Tashkent region farmers shifted towards more diversification cropping patterns than other counterparts of the country. The overall result in the four states combined in this study reveals a mean Simpson Index within the sample of farmers was 0.56. This suggests that the farmers in the study areas were not too diversified in their cropping pattern. While cultivating several crop species also helps the farmers to manage both price and production risks which attains more food options for the household and income through marketing the produce from the surpluses. |
| Keywords: | Crop diversification, Simpson Diversification Index, Cropping patterns, Uzbekistan |
| JEL: | Q1 D13 D31 O18 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:313532 |
| By: | Alexander M. Danzer; Helen Zeidler |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the link between dynamically inconsistent time preferences and individual food waste behavior. Food waste is conceptualized as unintentional outcome of choices along the food consumption chain. Capitalizing on a nationally representative longitudinal survey from Germany, we construct targeted metrics of food consumption and waste behaviors. We find that more present-biased individuals waste more food. Our study investigates the behavioral mechanism that involves postponing domestic consumption of healthy food despite good consumption intentions, resulting in food spoilage. Studying inconsistencies between grocery shopping and food preparation is pivotal for understanding the significant, persistent amounts of food waste within households. |
| Keywords: | dynamic inconsistency, food consumption, food waste, healthy eating. |
| JEL: | D12 D15 Q53 Q18 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11781 |
| By: | Ajewole, Kayode; Sabala, Ethan; Beckman, Jayson |
| Abstract: | This report evaluates how yield changes induced by volatile weather trends can impact India’s production, prices, and trade of wheat and rice. Results from a computable general equilibrium model show that under two volatile weather trend scenarios (one that is considered business as usual and another that projects more volatile weather), India is expected to see an increase in average yields for both rice and wheat in the next two to three decades. While increasing per hectare yield leads to higher total rice production in this report’s model, an increase in household income and population (as projected by USDA, Economic Research Service) will lead to higher per capita demand for rice in India. According to model results, this demand is expected to lead to an estimated reduction in exports of both rice and wheat to the global market. Furthermore, results indicate that countries importing from India would shift their demand to other major rice and wheat exporters. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Climate Change, Crop Production/Industries, Demand and Price Analysis, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, International Relations/Trade, Productivity Analysis, Research Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:uersrr:356543 |
| By: | Disha Gupta (Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research); Archisman Mitra (International Water Management Institute) |
| Abstract: | Groundwater depletion has become a serious concern in north-western India, particularly in Punjab and Haryana, largely due to the dominance of paddy cultivation and unsustainable irrigation practices driven by agricultural electricity subsidies. This paper aims to assess the effectiveness of current incentive strategies for crop diversification in this region introduced by the government for the reduction of groundwater over-extraction. Using the plot-level cost of cultivation data for the period 2017-18 to 2019-20, obtained from the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Government of India, we show that the current proposed incentives are inadequate for shifting from water-intensive paddy to less water-intensive crops, mainly due to the higher profitability of paddy cultivation in terms of high yields and lower production costs as compared to other crops. We find that the average proportion of area under paddy that would shift to less water-intensive maize or cotton in Punjab with the current policy would be about 17-20 percent, which is 33 percent lower than the 30 percent target area set by the government. The area that would shift to non-paddy crops in Haryana would be about 11-16 percent, which is even lower. Our results show that the cash incentives required for crop diversification could be as high as 2.5 times the amount offered under the current scheme in order to shift to even the most profitable non-paddy crop. Our study highlights challenges in the implementation of the crop diversification scheme and propose alternatives. |
| Keywords: | Groundwater depletion, Crop diversification, Government policies, Cash incentives, Water |
| JEL: | Q25 Q28 Q58 O13 |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ind:igiwpp:2025-002 |
| By: | Djuraeva, Mukhayo; Babadjanova, Mashkhura; Primov, Abdulla; Egamberdiev, Bekhzod |
| Abstract: | Extension services start to emerge in recent years but their impact on the production efficiency of women farmers is not empirically assessed in Central Asia. This paper investigates the role of extension services in improving female farmers’ technical efficiency scores while analyzing the impact of farm characteristics explaining the efficiency differentials across female farmers in rural areas of Samarkand and Tashkent in Uzbekistan. Unique and primary cross-sectional data were collected during July and August 2022 for female crop-producing farmers. A sample of 145 female-headed farming entities was selected for the survey by using a multistage, random sampling technique. To analyze the data in the scope of our research objective, we used an endogenous stochastic frontier production function and calculated the technical efficiency score of the sampled female farmers. Our findings reveal that extension participation was found to be endogenously determined and was addressed through the best possible valid instruments – individual consulting, distance from the household to the main road, and distance to the main market. The analysis demonstrates that access to extension services and the number of visits of extension agents have a positive impact on technical efficiency levels among women crop producers. Moreover, analysis shows the positive impact of private extension services whereas state-managed extension agencies do not have a significant impact on production efficiency. Recognition of the determinants of women farmers’ technical efficiency scores and the impact of extension services adoption ensures that targeted extension approaches should be encouraged and developed during the state policy reforms to address the existing gaps in resource-use management. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural extension services, female farmers, gender inclusivity, endogenous stochastic frontier model, crop productivity, Uzbekistan, Central Asia |
| JEL: | N50 O13 D13 D24 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:312435 |
| By: | Fabrizio Leone; Rocco Macchiavello; Josepa Miquel-Florensa; Nicola Pavanini |
| Abstract: | Widespread market imperfections in agricultural value chains raise the possibility that regulatory interventions may enhance efficiency and farmers’ welfare. We develop a structural model of agricultural value chains and estimate it using rich data from Costa Rica’s coffee sector to evaluate common regulations. Farmers supply differentiated mills that strategically decide which rural markets to source from and bilaterally bargain prices with downstream exporters. Through counterfactuals, our analysis highlights the nuanced, and potentially counter-productive, effects of commonly observed pro-competitive regulations on farmers’ welfare. Tightening revenue-sharing rules to increase farm-gate prices, increases farmers’ welfare on average but makes many worse off. Similarly, banning vertical integration raises farm-gate prices but harms most farmers by lowering valuable services provided by integrated mills. |
| Keywords: | agricultural chains, market structure, farmers’ welfare |
| JEL: | O12 Q13 L22 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11776 |
| By: | Primov, Abdulla; Rustamova, Iroda |
| Abstract: | The main objective of this study is to examine the status and level of crop diversification among farms in the country through an empirical analysis using panel data collected in 2009-2017. In doing so, we performed the Stata-16 software utilizing the Simpson Diversification Index model in determining the diversification index. According to the results, the highest diversification indicators were found for Samarkand, Fergana and Tashkent regions, respectively, and accounted for 0.74, 0.74 and 0.76, respectively. It can be seen that the existing farms in Tashkent region used more diversified crops than other regions of the country. The average diversification rate of these regions was 0.66. This means that farms in the study areas are not highly diversified. Increasing crop diversification will allow farms to manage different price and production risks, as well as to ensure food security for farmers and further increase their overall incomes. |
| Keywords: | Crop diversification, Simpson index, Cropping patterns, Empirical analysis, Panel data |
| JEL: | Q1 D31 O18 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:313531 |
| By: | Juliette Caucheteux; Mr. Jonas Nauerz; Svetlana Vtyurina |
| Abstract: | Extreme weather has profoundly affected countries across South America (SA), given the importance of the agricultural sector for the economies. However, these effects have not yet been properly measured. In our study, we construct a unique dataset of high-frequency satellite data on temperature, precipitation, and a Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) that proxies the agricultural yield in selected countries. In particular, we then examine the effect of droughts on agricultural yields (soy output) and find that they have a significant negative impact and that there is heterogeneity in the response across countries. While insurance could help protect farmers against severe losses, coverage in the region is low, and barriers remain high. Building on existing literature and using a calibrated structural model, we highlight the benefits of insurance for Total Factor Productivity (TFP) and offer some recommendations for its expansion. |
| Keywords: | Agriculture; Productivity; NDVI; SPEI; Weather; Drought; Insurance; South America |
| Date: | 2025–03–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2025/052 |
| By: | Laura Eline Slot (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Mechthild Donner (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Fatima El Hadad-Gauthier (CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes, UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | The expectations of digital technologies in sustainable agricultural development are considerable. However, applying these technologies in agri-food value chains can have downsides, which are still barely studied. The main objectives of this systematic literature review were to discover the state of the art of the research in the use of digital technologies in business models contributing to sustainability in the agri-food sector, and to make recommendations for future research and management practice. In order to bring concepts together and develop a theoretical framework and advance knowledge, performing a literature review is conducive. Here, the commonly-used PRISMA-method was used to develop a systematic literature review. From this review, an overview of business model innovations, and drivers, benefits and drawbacks of digitalisation in agri-food value chains were distinguished. Key themes found in the literature were the effects of COVID-19 on digitalisation and business resilience, the economic sustainability of business models, and the importance of communication technologies in agri-food value chains. This article recommends for future research and management practice to use a framework that looks through a value co-creation and open innovation perspective to the individual business model level and the interaction between (sustainable) business models in local and global food systems. |
| Keywords: | agri-food value chains, business models, digitalisation, sustainability |
| Date: | 2025–03–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05006930 |
| By: | Kryszak, Łukasz; Czyżewski, Bazyli; Sapa, Agnieszka; Lucasenco, Eugenia |
| Abstract: | The expansion of conservation tillage helps to improve soil health in countries affected by the soil erosion, such as the Republic of Moldova. The main objective of this paper was to investigate Moldovan farmers’ preferences for the hypothetical policy scheme designed to promote conservation tillage in the framework of a discrete choice experiment. The heterogeneity of farmers' preferences was explained using the latent concept of a sense of intergenerational commitments (IC) via a hybrid choice model. We found that farmers are reluctant to adopt more advanced forms of conservation tillage (such as zero tillage) and prefer to choose minimum tillage. They positively value financial support (both direct payments and investment subsidies), while the availability of advisory support is not the key factor. We also found that farmers with greater sense of IC have less negative attitudes toward zero tillage and put less positive value on monetary aspects. It seems that these farmers are more driven by moral obligations to society and are less dependent on external support. Policy makers should continue to develop financial incentives to promote conservation agriculture practices but they should also be aware of the important role of farmers and agricultural policy from a social justice perspective. |
| Keywords: | conservation agriculture; hybrid choice model; no-till; min-till; Moldova |
| JEL: | Q18 Q24 Q57 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124050 |
| By: | Egamberdiev, Bekhzod; Primov, Abdulla; Babakholov, Sherzod |
| Abstract: | The climate change literature broadly characterizes resilience as the capacity of the household to withstand the negative consequences of climate change. However, most studies on climate change resilience use a general or inconclusive relationship between resilience and the coping strategy of the household. To extend the existing literature, we applied FAO’s Resilience Index Measurement Analysis (RIMA) approach to construct the Resilience Capacity Index (RCI). Using Latent Class Analysis (LCA), we cluster homogenous classes describing household coping strategy behavior. With an Instrumental Approach (IA), we explore how climate change resilience changes the perception of coping strategies. Our findings generally conclude that there is a negative relationship between long-term RCI and short-term household coping strategies. This relationship is particularly significant for changing planting dates, planting short-cycle crop varieties, crop diversification, and tree planting. We can conclude that climate change resilience may diminish the motivation to activate short-term coping strategies for policy interventions. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, Resilience, Household Capacity, Agriculture, Latent Class Analysis (LCA) |
| JEL: | O13 O20 Q12 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:313179 |
| By: | Vincent Chatellier (SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | This article reports on the evolution and dispersion of income for French herbivore breeders, distinguishing between several production orientations (dairy cattle, beef cattle, mixed cattle, sheep/goat and mixed farming/poly-breeding) and forage systems (using the weight of forage maize and permanent grassland in the main forage area as segmentation criteria). This analysis is based on processing applied to data from the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) over a long period (i.e. from 2010 to 2023) and a shorter period (from 2020 to 2023), expressing all values quoted in constant 2023 euros. The income indicator used here is the family farm income per non-salaried agricultural work unit. Several lessons can be drawn from this work: i) on annual average over the period 2010 to 2023, French farms oriented towards herbivore production generated an income (28, 300 euros) that was significantly lower than that of other farms not oriented towards herbivore production (42, 300 euros); ii) there is a high degree of income dispersion, both between the different systems identified and within each of them; iii) labor productivity, productive efficiency and the burden of debt servicing are decisive indicators of income levels; iv) subsidies play a major role in the income of many livestock farms. |
| Abstract: | Cet article rend compte de l'évolution et de la dispersion du revenu des éleveurs français d'herbivores, en distinguant plusieurs orientations de production (bovins-lait, bovins-viande, bovins-mixtes, ovins-caprins et polyculture-polyélevage) et systèmes fourragers (en prenant pour critères de segmentation le poids des surfaces de maïs fourrage et de prairies permanentes dans la surface fourragère principale). Cette analyse est basée sur des traitements appliqués aux données du Réseau d'Information Comptable Agricole (Rica) sur une longue période (2010 à 2023) et plus courte période (de 2020 à 2023), ce en exprimant toutes les valeurs citées en euros constants de 2023. L'indicateur de revenu pris en référence ici est le Résultat Courant Avant Impôt (RCAI) par Unité de Travail Agricole Non Salariée (UTANS). Plusieurs enseignements peuvent être mis en avant suite à ce travail : i) les exploitations françaises orientées vers les productions d'herbivores ont dégagé, en moyenne annuelle sur la période 2010 à 2023, un revenu (28 300 euros) assez nettement inférieur à celui des autres exploitations agricoles non orientées vers la production d'herbivores (42 300 euros) ; ii) il existe une forte dispersion des revenus, tant entre les différents systèmes identifiés qu'au sein de chacun d'eux ; iii) la productivité du travail, l'efficience productive et le poids du service de la dette sont des indicateurs déterminants des niveaux de revenus ; iv) les aides directes jouent un rôle important dans la formation du revenu de nombreuses exploitations d'élevage. |
| Keywords: | Herbivore farms, Forage systems, Income, Subsidies, FADN, Exploitations d’herbivores, Systèmes fourragers, Revenus, Aides directes, RICA |
| Date: | 2025–03–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05009634 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Rural Development-Rural Land Policies for Poverty Reduction Environment-Sustainable Land Management Water Resources-Hydrology Agriculture-Agricultural Irrigation and Drainage |
| Date: | 2023–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:40240 |
| By: | Arnaud Lamy (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Institut Lyfe Research & Innovation Center (ex-Institut Paul Bocuse Research Center) - LYFE - Institut Lyfe (ex-Institut Paul Bocuse)); Lucie Sirieix (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Sandrine Costa (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Maxime Michaud (Institut Lyfe Research & Innovation Center (ex-Institut Paul Bocuse Research Center) - LYFE - Institut Lyfe (ex-Institut Paul Bocuse)) |
| Abstract: | This work aims to identify and understand the various tensions chefs face in reconciling different issues (sustainability, meat cooking, day-to-day management of the restaurant, etc.) through the study of a specific case, the replacement of traditional preparation of stocks and sauces by ready-to-use preparations. Data collected from French chefs (n = 29) were analysed through the prism of paradox theory. Traditional sauce-making is associated by chefs, directly or indirectly, with a set of practices and skills based on techniques, preparations and products that draw on culinary traditions while offering environmental benefits. However, the study shows that chefs tend to use industrial, ready-to-use preparations because of time constraints, convenience, lack of transmission within the profession or regulations (e.g. hygiene rules). The analysis of this replacement highlights paradoxes and tensions linked to the implementation of the new practice, and to performance, especially sustainability performance. The results contribute to the existing literature and assist the restaurant sector and chefs in addressing sustainability challenges. |
| Keywords: | Paradox theory, Sustainable cuisine, Traditional French cuisine, Meat consumption, Restaurants, Sauce |
| Date: | 2025–03–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05004280 |
| By: | Araya, Girmay Berhe (Centre for Land Tenure Studies, Norwegian University of Life Sciences); Holden, Stein T. (Centre for Land Tenure Studies, Norwegian University of Life Sciences) |
| Abstract: | There has been an increase in fertilizer use among farmers in the semi-arid Tigray region of Ethiopia during 2006-2015. Our household panel data covering nine years show that the average fertilizer adoption rate had increased from about 31% of plots in 2006 to almost 67% in 2015. Likewise, fertilizer use intensity increased from 28.6 kg/ha in 2006 to 88.5 kg/ha in 2015. Our study aims to explain the increase in fertilizer use and assess how it is associated with changes in manure use. This study is vital given the vast literature on low adoption and fertilizer use in Africa and the scanty literature on the relation between inorganic and organic fertilizers. We use panel data of farm household plots in three rounds (2006, 2010, and 2015) and estimate a correlated random effects double hurdle model with the control function approach to handle endogeneity. We analyze by splitting our sample by population density, market-access, and irrigation. The results show fertilizer use was higher in densely populated areas and areas with good market-access while its intensity was increasing in less densely populated areas, areas with good market-access, and non-irrigated plots. On the implication of increased uptake in fertilizer to manure use, our results suggest that the two inputs appear to be substitutes at the extensive margin. Moreover, with good market access, there seems to be complementarity between the two inputs at the extensive margin and substitution at the intensive margin. |
| Keywords: | Input demand; fertilizer; organic manure; semi-arid smallholder agriculture; crop-livestock system; Ethiopia |
| JEL: | Q12 Q16 |
| Date: | 2025–04–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:nlsclt:2025_001 |
| By: | MHA Ridhwan (Bank Indonesia); Prayudhi Azwar (Bank Indonesia); Andree Breitner Makahinda (Bank Indonesia); Refdamas Dwiaji Wishnumurti (Bank Indonesia); Ilham Farizi Indrayadi (Bank Indonesia) |
| Abstract: | Using a mix-methods approach, this study revealed a series of novelties while exploring multifold roles of food commodities downstream in promoting economic growth and stabilizing prices in Indonesia. In order to assess value addition at both commodity and industry levels, the research employs several quantitative methods, including Revealed Structured Comparative Advantage (RSCA) and Trade Balance Index (TBI), and identifies strategic commodities that have significant comparative advantages and potential to drive exports, i.e. cocoa, dairy milk, seaweed, and shrimp. Employing web scraping, the analysis highlights high economic returns from the processing of cocoa into butter and powder, fermented milk in the dairy sector, dried shrimp for seafood, and nori from seaweed. The paper also measures strong global demand for these high-value products, supported by strong export performance. Results from the Panel Vector Autoregression method also found that small firms experience volatile yet high-profit spikes from value addition, medium-sized firms contribute steadily to GDP growth, and large firms achieve consistent productivity gains. Furthermore, by using some qualitative approaches, we found some major challenges in the food downstream approach, such as limited technological adoption and financial constraints, mostly faced by small enterprises. The study recommends certain strategic policies in the form of business incentives, simplified licensing, human resource development and strategic partnerships in order to enhance industry resilience while ensuring sustainable development. |
| Keywords: | Food commodities downstream, economic growth, price stability, value addition, comparative advantage |
| JEL: | E31 F43 Q18 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idn:wpaper:wp022024 |
| By: | Mr. Nooman Rebei |
| Abstract: | Prevailing research suggests that climate change disproportionately burdens emerging markets and developing economies with greater output losses compared to advanced economies, positing that colder regions are less impacted than their warmer counterparts. This study revisits the empirical relationship between temperature fluctuations and real growth, with a novel focus on differentiating between transitory versus permanent temperature shifts, aligning naturally with the definitions of weather and climate change, respectively. Our findings reveal that richer and colder economies exhibit better adaptation only in response to weather shocks, whereas the pattern reverses for climate change disturbances, challenging the conclusions of previous studies. |
| Keywords: | Climate change; Climate damages; Temporary and permanent shocks; Kalman filter; Bayesian estimation |
| Date: | 2025–02–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2025/042 |
| By: | Gannon, Kate; Eskander, Shaikh M.S.U.; Avila Uribe, Antonio; Castellano, Elena; Diop, Mamadou; Agol, Dorice |
| Abstract: | Literature on gender and climate change adaptation tends to propose that women are both especially vulnerable to climate change and especially valuable to climate change adaptation, but these ideas have been little considered in the context of adaptation within small businesses and have rarely been tested through quantitative empirical analysis. This paper responds to this gap within existing literature and explores how female representation in the ownership or management structures of micro and small businesses shapes firm-level adaptive capacity, as implied through adaptation behaviour. Using firm-level survey data from semi-arid regions of Senegal and Kenya, we employ a Poisson regression model to empirically investigate how female representation in ownership and management of micro and small businesses affects adoption of firm-level sustainable and unsustainable adaptation strategies, with increasing exposure to extreme weather events. Our results show that businesses with female leadership that faced a larger number of extreme events adopt more sustainable and fewer unsustainable strategies than those with only male leadership. We interpret this result recognising that unsustainable adaptation strategies, such as selling business assets, require access to business assets and resources and thus are an outcome of a business’ coping capacity. Consistent with literature, we then identify that adaptation assistance can mitigate some of the harmful effects of climate shocks and additionally support micro and small businesses with female leadership to adopt more adaptation strategies (both sustainable and unsustainable) – and to a greater extent than businesses with only male leadership. Results evidence the value and efficiency of developing an inclusive business enabling environment for adaptation that targets women entrepreneurs, not just for delivering on equitable climate justice agendas, but also for strategic upscaling of resilience. |
| Keywords: | private sector adaptation to climate change; micro and small businesses; women and entrepreneurs; gender and climate resilience; Sub-Saharan Africa; UKRI fund |
| JEL: | Q54 O17 |
| Date: | 2025–03–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:127526 |
| By: | Aapo Stenhammar |
| Abstract: | While structural transformation is vital for economic development, it often counters resistance. To shed light on the tension between the political and economic effects of structural change, I study a policy that paid farmers to stop farming in 1970s Finland. Using over 290, 000 newly digitized Agricultural Census forms linked to rich register data, I find that this Field Reservation Policy led to farm closures but did not affect farmers’ income or geographical mobility. However, it had an important intergenerational effect. Children of the most affected farmers had 2.7% higher earnings and were more likely to work in office and managerial positions. Surprisingly, the positive effects on income are predominantly driven by children with lower cognitive skills. Despite the economic benefits, the policy faced a political backlash contributing to the rise of a populist rural party. I provide evidence for two separate explanations for this political reaction: identity-based backlash by offended farmers and negative externalities arising from field reservation. |
| Keywords: | structural change, intergenerational mobility, occupational choice, political populism |
| JEL: | J62 J24 O14 O25 D72 |
| Date: | 2024–02–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pst:wpaper:341 |
| By: | Fatiha Fort (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Ilenia Manetti (CREA - Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria = Council for Agricultural Research and Economics); Maria Rosaria Pupo d'Andrea (CREA - Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria = Council for Agricultural Research and Economics); Roberto Henke (CREA - Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria = Council for Agricultural Research and Economics); Raffaele d'Annolfo (CREA - Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria = Council for Agricultural Research and Economics); Federica Morandi (CREA - Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria = Council for Agricultural Research and Economics); Federica Demaria (CREA - Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria = Council for Agricultural Research and Economics) |
| Abstract: | Trade agreements between the European Union (EU) and developing countries are often used to promote sustainable development within economic cooperation. The EU-Tunisia trade relations have a long history, starting with the Association Agreement in place and the ongoing negotiations for the new Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area (DCFTA) agreement, for further liberalizing the agricultural sector. This study investigates the effects on sustainability of these bilateral relations, with a focus on Tunisian olive oil value chain, considering both the current Free Trade Agreement (FTA) impacts and the future DCFTA agreement expected effects. A two-steps qualitative process consisting of a desk analysis and stakeholders' consultations has been undertaken to report socioeconomic and environmental effects, suggesting policy interventions to be considered within the negotiations framework. Main actions needed encompass an inclusive renovation of Tunisian olive oil sector, a rethinking of exports' tariff quota system to the EU, with special attention to organic olive oil, and water-efficient cultivation systems interventions. |
| Keywords: | Olive oil, DCFTA Tunisia, Sustainable trade, Tunisia, Stakeholders engagement, Qualitative analysis |
| Date: | 2025–03–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05007036 |
| By: | Steinbach, Sandro; Yildirim, Yasin |
| Abstract: | The U.S. walnut industry is experiencing growing economic uncertainty due to shifting trade policies and the threat of retaliatory tariffs. This report analyzes the potential trade risks under seven different policy scenarios, drawing on historical trade data and trade elasticity estimates. The findings indicate that while isolated actions, such as China’s 125% tariff, may have limited effects, broader retaliation from multiple trading partners could significantly disrupt export demand, with losses reaching up to $160 million. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2025–04–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:ndsure:356492 |
| By: | WANG, Hongming |
| Abstract: | Climate change is projected to increase global temperature and bring about more frequent and intense extreme events including compound extreme events with especially large damage to communities. This paper examines the mortality consequences of climate change across 22 climate change indicators that capture not only shifts in the mean and extremes of weather conditions, but also the amplification of weather extremes when they co-occur and interact in compound extreme events. Using data from 1718 Japan municipalities in 1980-2019, I identify the leading climate drivers of mortality in Japan and quantify the climate-mortality relationship drawing on model specifications selected by LASSO. In addition to temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, and humidity amplification in heat-and-humidity extremes all have significant impacts on mortality, with larger, non-linear effects at the heat extremes of the temperature distribution and both high and low extremes of relative humidity. The mortality responses to heat are concentrated in urban municipalities with no evidence of adaptation between early and late periods of climate change, whereas the mortality responses to humidity amplification are stronger in rural municipalities and fully concentrated in the early period of climate change. Over the study period in 1980-2019, the average municipality in Japan experienced a cumulative mortality of 120 deaths per 10, 000 individuals from climate change, of which increases in temperatures contributed 129 deaths, increases in humidity amplification contributed 26 deaths, reductions in precipitation contributed 7 deaths, and reductions in relative humidity lowered mortality by 43 deaths. |
| Keywords: | climate change, mortality risk, population health, Japan |
| JEL: | I14 Q51 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–04–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hit:hiasdp:hias-e-143 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Agriculture-Climate Change and Agriculture |
| Date: | 2023–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:39583 |
| By: | Ioana Alexandra Botea; Markus Goldstein; Houngbedji, Kenneth; Florence Kondylis; Michael B. O'Sullivan; Harris Selod |
| Abstract: | In settings where women’s land rights are informal, the death of a husband can severely limit a widow’s access to land and her ability to remain in her home — especially in the absence of a male heir. This paper examines whether large-scale land formalization programs can improve widows’ land access. Using data from a randomized controlled trial in rural Benin, the analysis finds that widows in villages with land formalization are more likely to stay in their homes four years after the program, with the strongest effects among those without a male heir. The paper identifies two key mechanisms: enhanced community recognition of women’s land rights and greater decision-making power over land resources. These findings highlight the potential of land formalization to strengthen women’s tenure security and promote their long-term economic stability in similar settings. |
| Date: | 2025–04–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:11102 |
| By: | Yashodhan Ghorpade; Muhammad Saad Imtiaz and Theingie Han |
| Abstract: | Despite the rising incidence of poverty in Nigeria and the increasing frequency of anti-government protests driven by citizens’ inability to meet their basic food needs, there remains a notable gap in research exploring the link between poverty and protest participation in Nigeria. Drawing on the human needs theory and survey data from Afrobarometer, this study investigates how poverty—both at the individual and communal levels—relates to Nigerians’ willingness to participate in anti-government protests. Individual-level poverty is assessed using an index capturing the frequency with which respondents and their household members lacked access to necessities such as food, water, cooking fuel, medicine, and income over the past year. Communal wealth is measured by the mean annual nighttime light intensity within a 30 km radius of respondents’ dwellings. Regression analysis reveals that higher scores on the lived poverty index increase the likelihood of Nigerians having protested in the previous year. They also increase their willingness to participate in future protests, and reduce their likelihood of choosing not to protest. Likewise, greater nighttime light intensity decreases individuals’ likelihood of having been involved in past protests, reduces their willingness to participate in future protests, and increases their likelihood of opting not to protest. These results are robust across different operationalizations of protest and to the use of individual survey data covering 36 African countries. |
| Keywords: | brain drain, conflict, emigration, high-skilled migration, migration, myanmar |
| JEL: | D74 F2 J61 O15 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hic:wpaper:428 |
| By: | Koundouri, Phoebe; Alamanos, Angelos; Arampatzidis, Ioannis; Devves, Stathis; Sachs, Jeffrey D. |
| Abstract: | Achieving climate-neutrality is a global imperative that demands coordinated efforts from both science and robust policies supporting a smooth transition across multiple sectors. However, the interdisciplinary and complex science-to-policy nature of this effort makes it particularly challenging for several countries. Greece has set ambitious goals across different policies; however, their progress is often debated. For the first time, we simulated a scenario representing Greece’s climate-neutrality goals drawing upon its main relevant energy, agricultural and water policies, and compared it with a ‘current accounts’ scenario by 2050. The results indicate that most individual policies have the potential to significantly reduce carbon emissions across all sectors of the economy (residential, industrial, transportation, services, agriculture, and energy production). However, their implementation seems to be based on economic and governance assumptions that often overlook sectoral interdependencies, infrastructure constraints, and social aspects, hindering progress towards a unified and more holistic sustainable transition. |
| Keywords: | Climate Neutrality; Energy-emissions modelling; LEAP; FABLE Calculator; MaritimeGCH; WaterReqGCH; Decarbonization; Greece. |
| JEL: | Q28 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124146 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Agriculture-Agricultural Sector Economics |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:39845 |
| By: | Luca Bettarelli; Davide Furceri; Prakash Loungani; Jonathan D. Ostry; Loredana Pisano |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we first test the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, using a large sample of approximately 190 advanced and developing countries, over a period of 34 years (1989-2022). We find that (CO 2 ) emissions respond positively to increasing income per capita, up to a turning point of approximately US$25, 000. In a departure from the previous literature, we allow the relationship between economic development and emissions to depend on the stringency of environmental regulation. |
| Keywords: | Kuznets, Climate change, Environmental policy, Carbon tax |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp-2025-18 |
| By: | Lena Kalukuta Mahina; Gagou El Mostafa; Khadija Chakroune; Abdelkader Hakkou; Bruno van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the economic viability of a new composting station dedicated to the recycling of date palm by-products. The field experiential analysis if performed in the Figuig Oasis (Morocco). It first provides evidence on the agronomic quality of the compost, demonstrating its ability to enhance soil fertility. Second, a socio-economic survey of local farmers measures their willingness to adopt the produced compost. Third, it performs a detailed cost/benefit analysis, with a breakdown of the station’s operational and investment expenses. It illustrates the minimum scale needed to generate a viable business model. This socio-economic analysis reveals a potential to generate positive environmental, economic, and social impacts, as the circular approach is replicable and scalable in similar oases agro ecosystems. |
| Keywords: | Circularity, Agriculture, Composting, Business model, Date Palm, Figuig |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ict:wpaper:2013/389984 |
| By: | Banerjee, Sanchayan; Ferreira, Alipio |
| Abstract: | Virtual Reality (VR) enables immersive experiences that can enhance awareness about environmental problems. We measure the effectiveness of VR versus 2D in an environmental campaign using a field experiment in Brazil. 617 passers-by at a mall were randomly assigned to watch a video clip about the Amazon Forest through VR or a traditional 2D device, with some being randomly interviewed before watching the movie (control group). We find that both the 2D and VR interventions increase individuals’ propensity to (i) contribute to an Amazonian humanitarian campaign, (ii) share contact information, (iii) interact with a conservation campaign, and (iv) state pro-conservation opinions. We find no additional impact of VR compared to 2D, but VR participants were more likely to engage with pro-conservation content online 3 months later. Our findings provide cautionary evidence about the additional potential of using immersive technologies, like VR, to improve conservation behaviors compared to 2D methods. |
| Keywords: | Virtual Reality, Behavior, Environment |
| JEL: | Q01 Q5 |
| Date: | 2024–06–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124149 |
| By: | World Bank Group |
| Keywords: | Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change Environment-Climate Change Impacts |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:40023 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Agriculture-Agricultural Knowledge & Information Systems Environment-Climate Change Impacts |
| Date: | 2023–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:39565 |