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on Agricultural Economics |
| By: | Alejandro Arciniegas Herrera (Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne) |
| Abstract: | This paper estimates the causal effect of food insecurity on Venezuelan emigration to Colombia using municipal-level panel data for 2010–2023. Exploiting exogenous variation in crop losses via an instrument that interacts drought intensity with 2007 agricultural production, I show that a one percentage-point increase in food insecurity raises the emigration rate by 4.2 percent on average. A 10 percent drop in crop yields increases food insecurity by 0.56 percentage points, implying a 2.4 percent rise in the emigration rate. Reduced-form evidence indicates that drought shocks mattered only after the 2014 food import collapse, showing the role of local agricultural fragility in the broader political crisis. Responses are strongest in municipalities with low crop diversity, a larger oil sector, intermediate levels of development, and a higher share of rural land. These findings provide the first causal evidence that hunger operates as a major push factor in contemporary emigration from developing countries and high-light that climate adaptation and food security policies are critical to reducing forced migration |
| Keywords: | Agriculture; Climate Shocks; Drought; Food Insecurity; International Migration; Venezuela |
| JEL: | F22 Q18 Q54 O13 O15 |
| Date: | 2026–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mse:cesdoc:26007 |
| By: | Gillespie, Jeffrey; Raff, Zach; Vandeveer, Monte; Kee, Jennifer; Haley, Mildred; Ufer, Danielle |
| Abstract: | The hog production segment of the U.S. pork industry has experienced significant structural change over the past four decades. This study examines changes in the U.S. hog farm structure, using USDA’s Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS) hog version data; USDA’s Census of Agriculture data since 1997; and the U.S. Department of Commerce’s Census of Agriculture Data from 1982 to 1992 (focusing more heavily on the most recent USDA data). The 2020 ARMS hog version data are used to examine differences in costs and returns by farm size; hog management practices, housing types, and manure management practices used on hog farms; and the impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on hog farms in 2020. Results show continued trends toward fewer farms producing more hogs, greater specialization in hog production, increased use of contracts, shifts in location of production, and increased hog farm productivity. Economies of size are found in U.S. hog production. In 2020, most U.S. hog farms used biosecurity practices, enclosed confinement housing, a deep pit manure system, and spread manure on cropland. About 6 percent of U.S. hog producers euthanized hogs in response to COVID-19 slaughter plant closures. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Crop Production/Industries, Demand and Price Analysis, Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management, Labor and Human Capital, Livestock Production/Industries, Marketing, Production Economics, Productivity Analysis, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| Date: | 2026–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:uersrr:404220 |
| By: | Tripathy, Dr Sadasiba |
| Abstract: | Because tribal agriculture in Odisha is located at the intersection of rainfed farming, forest dependence, smallholder risk and policy experimentation including in millets, women’s collectives, farmer producer organisations, forest rights, and decentralized procurement. This article examines the sustainability of livelihoods in tribal communities resulting from indigenous farming systems, which is related to market-access and socio-economic constraints affecting livelihood security. The analysis uses secondary data and considers government statistics, peer-reviewed literature, institutional reports, and policy documents using the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework and theories around agroecology, indigenous knowledge systems, and market access. The evidence demonstrates that mixed cropping, millet-pulse systems, low-external-input maintenance of landrace seeds, pest and soil management, livestock integration, forest-food systems, among others, enhance natural and social capital, facilitate dietary diversification of house barn, and build ecological resilience at rainfed and upland areas. Despite this potential, a number of factors limit their livelihoods, including: small and fragmented holdings, uncertainty in rainfall, land and forest tenure insecurity, limited irrigation, weak rural roads, inadequate storage and processing, dependence on intermediaries, poor access to institutional credit, gendered drudgery, and inadequate access to extension services. The Odisha Millets Mission/Shree Anna Abhiyan, Agriculture Production Cluster model, self-help groups, tribal livelihood programmes and other recent interventions have facilitated better coordination, aggregation and price discovery in selected locations. However, impact of these interventions is contingent upon last mile infrastructure, procurement timing, working capital, participatory extension and culturally compatible technology. Sustainable tribal agriculture will require more than the promotion of crops. It will require rights-based governance of resources, resilient markets, women-centred skill-saving innovations, community seed systems, climate adaptation, and institutional convergence. The framework of integrated livelihood-market for tribal agrarian development in Odisha has been contributed through the study along with highlighting priorities for future field-based and longitudinal research. |
| Date: | 2026–06–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:mbryz_v1 |
| By: | James Robinson (Lancaster Environment Centre - Lancaster University); Lydia O’meara (University of Greenwich, CU - Cornell University [Ithaca]); Kathryn Fiorella (CU - Cornell University [Ithaca]); Kendra Byrd (University of Greenwich); Marian Kjellevold (IMR - Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] - UiB - University of Bergen); Richard Ansong (Université du Ghana = University of Ghana); Christopher Mulanda Aura (Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute - KMFRI (KENYA)); Naftaly Mwirigi (Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute - KMFRI (KENYA)); Antonio Allegretti (Lancaster Environment Centre - Lancaster University); Rucha Karkarey (Lancaster Environment Centre - Lancaster University); Tim Lamont (Lancaster Environment Centre - Lancaster University); Eva Maire (Lancaster Environment Centre - Lancaster University, UMR MARBEC - MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation - MARBEC - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier); Sarah Martin (Lancaster Environment Centre - Lancaster University, University of Leeds); Johnstone Omukoto (Lancaster Environment Centre - Lancaster University, Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute - KMFRI (KENYA)); Sophie Standen (Lancaster Environment Centre - Lancaster University); Jessica Gephart (University of Washington - School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences); Nicholas Graham (Lancaster Environment Centre - Lancaster University); Shakuntala Thilsted (CGIAR - Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR]); Christina Hicks (Lancaster Environment Centre - Lancaster University) |
| Abstract: | Aquatic foods are essential in supporting food security and nutrition across the tropics, with "dried" fish particularly affordable, available, and nutritious. However, dried fish food systems are often hidden and overlooked due to data scarcity, limiting understanding of how dried fish contribute to nutrient intakes. Here, we combine nutrient analysis of fish samples with national household surveys from across East and West Africa to understand the importance of dried fish in diets. We find that small portions of dried fish contribute over 15% of recommended intakes for multiple essential dietary nutrients (calcium, iodine, iron, selenium, zinc, and vitamins B12 and D), with low heavy metal concentrations, and are consumed weekly by ~one-third of households in six countries (Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Nigeria, Malawi, Senegal, Tanzania, and Uganda) (~144 million people). Dried fish consumption was more prevalent than fresh fish, reaching 54% more people, particularly those in poor households and near to marine coastlines or urban centers. The widespread prevalence of nutritious dried fish suggests that these foods and their distribution networks play critical roles in food security and nutrition, even in households distant from fisheries or urban centers. Dried fish can fill nutrient gaps across the tropics but will require policies that mitigate negative effects of overfishing, environmental changes, and competition with international markets, while providing postharvest support to fish processors. |
| Keywords: | fisheries, aquatic foods, diets, food security, heavy metals |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05387413 |
| By: | Parisa Pakrooh (Department of Economics, Management and Statistics-DEMS, University of Milano-Bicocca); Fabio Gaetano Santeramo (Department of Sciences of Agriculture, Food Natural Resources and Engineering, University of Foggia); Giuseppe Maggio (Department of Economics, Business and Statistics, University of Palermo) |
| Abstract: | Weather shocks increasingly threaten agricultural productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa. While the negative effects of drought on production have been documented in numerous studies, the behavioral dimension of adaptation, particularly how households perceive drought and what shapes these perceptions, remains less explored. The study focuses on Uganda to distinguish between self-reported drought (subjective) and data-driven drought (objective) and how their divergence is associated with agricultural outcomes. The study relies on four waves of household surveys (UNPS for 2009/10, 2010/11, 2011/12, and 2013/14) with historical re-analysis data on temperature and precipitation from 1981 to 2015. Log-linear and logit models are applied to estimate the association between drought, perception, and household characteristics on production and drought perception formation. Objective drought is negatively associated with total value of production. Subjective drought perception has a positive association with production. Self-reported drought captures differences in households’ behavioral responses or preparedness, rather than observed weather shocks. Households that underestimate drought conditions tend to exhibit lower production outcomes, while households reporting a drought when this is not observed in objective data tend to maintain their production levels. Access to the Drought Early Warning System (DEWS), technology adoption, higher education levels, farming experience, and greater off-farm assets are positively associated with higher production. Conversely, lower production is associated with a higher share of female labor, female-headed households, and poverty. The results highlight the importance of distinguishing between perceived and observed drought and improving households’ access to timely information to plan adaptation strategies. |
| Keywords: | Drought perception, objective drought, agricultural production, Uganda, early warning systems, climate change adaptation |
| JEL: | Q01 Q12 Q16 Q54 O13 |
| Date: | 2026–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fem:femwpa:2026.19 |
| By: | Li, Junkan; Arita, Shawn; Steinbach, Sandro |
| Abstract: | This report presents a stochastic simulation model for analyzing crop yield risk, price risk, and policy outcomes under uncertainty. The model combines county-level historical yield data, flexible price information, copula-based dependence modeling, and insurance-based calibration to generate joint simulations of crop yields and prices. Yield distributions are constructed using detrending and kernel-based simulation, while price outcomes are simulated using flexible price inputs that can incorporate futures-based information, implied volatility, MYA prices, FSA projections, or other user-specified assumptions. A copula-based dependence module links yield and price outcomes across crops and regions, including high-dimensional county-level applications. The model also calibrates farm-level yield volatility using RMA Yield Protection data and applies simulated outcomes to evaluate crop insurance and farm safety net programs. This framework provides a flexible tool for assessing expected payments, downside risk, and distributional outcomes under alternative production and market conditions. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance, Production Economics, Research Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2026–06–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:arpcre:404241 |
| By: | Hales, Laura J.; Byrne, Anne T.; Tiehen, Laura; Suttles, Shellye; Zack, Rachel M.; Chaifetz, Ashley; Barr, Susannah; Charity, Ayana |
| Abstract: | Charitable food assistance networks collectively distribute billions of dollars’ worth of food assistance to U.S. residents every year. This report explores charitable food assistance systems, explains how USDA programs fit into those systems, and reports trends in participation among households that benefit from those systems. A special focus is placed on food banks within the charitable food assistance system, as they are key components that collect, store, and distribute large quantities of food. Food banks and beneficiary-facing pantries are shaped by government policies and programs, including Federal assistance programs operated by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). USDA purchases and distributes domestically produced foods known as “USDA Foods” through food banks and their affiliates via the Emergency Food Assistance Program (TEFAP) and the Commodity Supplemental Food Program (CSFP). A wide range of findings are reported, including information on food bank sourcing, statistics for relevant USDA programs, and trends in participation. Notable findings include the amount of food that comes from USDA Foods, which has accounted for as much as 39 percent of food bank supplies, and the range in food pantry participation by State, from 2.6 percent in New Hampshire to 8.2 percent in New Mexico in recent years. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty, Public Economics, Supply Chain |
| Date: | 2026–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:uersrr:404297 |
| By: | Yafei Wang; Marielle Brunette (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Fanny Claise (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | In a context of increasing natural hazards due to climate change, forest insurance is a relevant tool to consider. However, the development of forest insurance schemes varies widely across countries, reflecting differences in forest characteristics, institutional frameworks, and public risk management policies. In this article, we investigate the drivers of this heterogeneity by comparing forest insurance schemes in two contrasting national contexts: France and China. While forest insurance coverage remains relatively limited in France, China has implemented large-scale insurance programs. By examining the design, governance, and role of government intervention in both schemes, we identify the key factors that help explain the differences in insurance uptake across countries. Finally, we discuss innovative insurance products and policy mechanisms that could encourage the adoption of forest insurance. |
| Keywords: | natural hazards, forestry, insurance, insurance forestry natural hazards |
| Date: | 2026–01–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05551787 |
| By: | Tsiboe, Francis; Zhao, Hongxi; Turner, Dylan; Chakravorty, Rwit; Davis, Walker; Steinbach, Sandro |
| Abstract: | This report documents long-run patterns in market penetration of the United States Federal Crop Insurance Program (FCIP). Using administrative data from the Risk Management Agency (RMA), the analysis examines program uptake primarily through insured acreage, with national trends supplemented by insured liability and aggregate coverage levels. In general, FCIP penetration has increased substantially over the past five decades. However, the pace of growth has varied across measures and policy periods. Early expansion followed the introduction of premium subsidies and the establishment of a public-private delivery system. Later growth was shaped by adoption of revenue insurance, supplemental coverage endorsements, and index-based products. The long-run increase in program exposure reflects broadening participation across crops and regions. Disaggregated results reveal pronounced heterogeneity across commodities and regions. Field crops largely operate in mature, high penetration markets, while many specialty crops exhibit lower average penetration, greater volatility, and episodic participation. In contrast, forage, rangeland, and pasture insurance have exhibited sustained and structurally driven growth, largely reflecting the rapid adoption of rainfall index products, particularly in western states. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2026–07–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:arpcre:404304 |
| By: | Wear, David N. (Resources for the Future); Coulston, John |
| Abstract: | Climate change projections suggest growth in the rate and intensity of forest disturbances such as wildfire and hurricanes. This study compares observed forest mortality and infers economic losses associated with forest disturbance events in eight ecoregions of the eastern United States for the first two decades of the twenty-first century. For each ecoregion, we estimate disturbance rates and their impacts on tree mortality and timber values based on multiple remeasurements of forest inventory plots for two decadal periods ending in 2015 (“period 1”) and 2024 (“period 2”). Using an excess mortality approach, we attribute mortality to either normal stand development or disturbance events in these two periods. We then estimate the losses that would be anticipated in period 2 based on period 1 disturbance patterns and compare them with realized losses. Area disturbed and forest mortality increased between the two periods and in all ecoregions; major drivers were hurricanes in the southeast and insects in the northeast. Total losses from disturbances in the eastern United States grew from $30.8 billion per year in period 1 to $49.5 billion per year in period 2, with substantial variation across ecoregions. In period 2, about 40 percent of disturbance-related losses (~$20 billion per year) were unanticipated based on period 1 disturbance regimes applied to exposed resources. Area disturbance rates and biomass mortality rates are poor proxies for timber value losses that depend on the species/size mix of timber. |
| Date: | 2026–07–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rff:dpaper:dp-26-10 |
| By: | Ángel Luis González-Esteban (Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid (Spain)); Pablo Delgado (Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza (Spain)); Vicente Pinilla (Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza (Spain)) |
| Abstract: | Food regimes (FRs) are rule-governed structures of production and consumption of food on a global scale. They comprise two principal elements: the institutional framework, which includes the degree of state regulation and the forms that national and international agricultural policies adopt, and the economic organization, encompassing the global distribution of food production, consumption, and trade, as well as the international allocation of labor and capital. According to these variables, historiography generally distinguishes between a 1st FR during the First Globalization (approximately between 1860 and 1914) and a 2nd FR in the decades following World War II (1947 to the 1970s). It has been argued that these regimes were mirror images concerning trade regulation and the direction of grain trade flows, as the first would have been characterized by free trade and grain flows from the periphery to the core, while the second would have been marked by significant state regulation and grain flowing from the core to the periphery. The characterization of these two regimes regarding the direction of trade flows was, however, overly focused on staple grains (mainly wheat). This article utilizes data from the International Institute of Agriculture and the FAO to broaden the product coverage and systematically study the transformations in international agricultural trade over this period. The analysis contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the idea of a “flip” in the direction of trade flows between the two regimes. |
| Keywords: | Food Regimes, Agricultural International Trade, First Globalization |
| JEL: | F14 N50 N70 |
| Date: | 2026–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ahe:dtaehe:2602 |
| By: | Andréa Poiret (ENS de Lyon - École normale supérieure de Lyon - Université de Lyon); Pierre Pech (LADYSS - Laboratoire Dynamiques Sociales et Recomposition des Espaces - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - UP8 - Université Paris 8 - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UPCité - Université Paris Cité) |
| Abstract: | Under the mega challenges of climate change and urbanization, natural areas in urban environments gain significant attention. In scientific literature, little attention is given to participatory processes that involve users and local residents in decisions regarding the management of these urban natural spaces. This research presents a multi-dimensional approach based on an integrated urban development project management approach that involves the users and residents of the protected area of the Vidal-Mondelice Park in French Guiana. French Guiana's status makes it an example of a poor territory, marked by stark social contrasts, currently undergoing development. The method, using collaborative governance, centres on understanding the practices and motivations of the local population. Participatory workshops were organized to train users interested in participatory monitoring. A sample of 167 questionnaires was used to assess the approaches to biodiversity and uses of the park. Most users are regulars, with almost 70 % of respondents visiting the site at least once a month. They are more concerned with local issues, particularly services provided, than with more global issues such as environmental issues. The 40 workshop participants facilitated the establishment of participatory monitoring at the site, with forest ecosystem indicators adapted to a participatory approach. This approach demonstrates the effectiveness of participatory processes in developing management methods that incorporate both conservation objectives and the maintenance of uses and amenities. |
| Keywords: | Urban natural area, Social ecological system, Empowerment, Collaborative governance, Participatory processes |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05652022 |
| By: | Suvangi Rath (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations); Tanay Suntwal; Ashok Gulati; Kirti Goel |
| Abstract: | The report examines India's export potential in pickles and sauces, highlighting the gap between a strong domestic base and a modest share of global trade. Exports are constrained by fragmented value chains, low processing intensity, inconsistent raw-material quality, food-safety/labelling compliance gaps, and weak brand visibility beyond diaspora markets. Drawing on stakeholder consultations, it proposes strategies around contract farming, processable crop varieties, food-safety certification, product adaptation, SME capacity building, logistics upgrades, and FTA use, under the APEDA–ICRIER Knowledge Partnership. |
| Keywords: | pickles exports, sauces exports, food processing, APEDA, FTA, condiments, agri-exports, icrier |
| Date: | 2026–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdc:report:26-r-20 |
| By: | Hodges, Leslie; Jones, Jordan W. |
| Abstract: | The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) administers 16 domestic food and nutrition assistance programs that affect the lives of millions of people and represent roughly two-thirds of USDA’s annual budget. Together, these programs accounted for $147.9 billion in USDA spending in fiscal year (FY) 2025 (October 1, 2024–September 30, 2025). This report provides an overview of program trends and policy changes in USDA’s largest domestic food and nutrition assistance programs through FY 2025 based on preliminary data from the USDA, Food and Nutrition Service (FNS). It also includes a summary of recent USDA, Economic Research Service (ERS) research reports relevant to these programs. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Consumer/Household Economics, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty, Public Economics |
| Date: | 2026–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:uersib:404197 |
| By: | Ashok Gulati (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations); Subhodeep Basu; Bidisha Banerjee; Laxmi Sharma |
| Abstract: | India's transition to clean energy is gaining momentum, but agriculture-despite being a major land and energy user-has yet to fully participate. Agri-PV, the co-location of solar panels and agriculture on the same land, offers dual income streams for farmers through crop cultivation and energy sales while optimizing land use. The report examines Agri-PV's evolution, business models, and scalability in India, including two in-depth case studies of farmer-owned PM-KUSUM plants (a 4.5 MW plant in Madhya Pradesh and a project in Rajasthan) that demonstrate economic feasibility alongside hurdles such as payment delays and regulatory fragmentation. It concludes that scaling Agri-PV requires flexible business models, clear policies, viable financing, and stronger inter-agency coordination. |
| Keywords: | Agri-PV, solar energy, farmer income, PM-KUSUM, renewable energy, agrivoltaics, icrier |
| Date: | 2026–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdc:report:26-r-23 |
| By: | Huybers, Peter; Tabellini, Marco; Taylor, Charles A.; Toti, Francesco |
| Abstract: | What factors drove human migration before modern states, markets, and borders? We develop a framework of ecological sorting in which climate-specific subsistence knowledge depreciates with ecological distance. To test this, we use ancient DNA identity-by-descent segments to construct bilateral migration flows across Western Eurasia over the last 10, 000 years. We document four main findings. First, migration flows decline with differences in growing degree days, precipitation, and soil characteristics between origins and destinations. Second, the dimensions of climate that bind vary across subsistence systems: farmers exhibit strong thermal and soil matching, while pastoralists match most strongly on precipitation---consistent with differential ecological constraints and limiting factors. Third, periods of warming increase farmer expansion while cooling increases pastoral expansion in patterns that recover known archaeological migration episodes. Migration also acts as a margin of climate adaptation: populations exposed to temperature change move to destinations that partly offset the shift. Fourth, genetic flow predicts subsequent convergence in destination vegetation toward migrants’ ecological profiles, consistent with migration shaping landscape change and the demic diffusion of subsistence practices. |
| Keywords: | climate |
| JEL: | N50 O13 Q54 Z13 |
| Date: | 2026–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:21495 |
| By: | Fanny Claise; Marielle Brunette; Rasoul Yousefpour |
| Abstract: | Natural insurance, which is based on the provision of ecosystem services, could strengthen forest resilience and reduce vulnerability to natural disturbances. However, little is known about how forest owners behave with regard to providing this forest function. To address this knowledge gap, this study surveyed private forest owners in four European countries, analysisng their behaviors towards natural insurance. Our multi-step approach uses descriptive statistics, cluster and principal component analyses and logit regressions. Our results reveal significant cross-country differences in terms of natural insurance behaviors. Four profiles of private forest owners were identified: incentive-sensitive, proactive managers, disengaged, and highly engaged. The provision of natural insurance is primarily influenced by the socio-economic characteristics of owners and the attributes of their forest properties, while management practices vary depending on the practice and the country considered. |
| Keywords: | Forest; Natural Insurance; Behavioral typology; Logit |
| JEL: | Q23 Q54 Q57 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulp:sbbeta:2026-23 |
| By: | Lydiane Nabec (RITM - Réseaux Innovation Territoires et Mondialisation - Université Paris-Saclay, UMR PSAE - Paris-Saclay Applied Economics - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Stephan Marette (UMR PSAE - Paris-Saclay Applied Economics - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Eva Delacroix (DRM - Dauphine Recherches en Management - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | This article aims to understand the conditions under which FOP Eco-Score labeling of food products could help consumers to choose greener food products, according to the favourability of the score, its consistency with the nutritional score, and the brand of the product. |
| Keywords: | Labeling, Consumer, willingness-To-Pay, Eco-Label, Eco-Label willingness-To-Pay Consumer Labeling |
| Date: | 2026–02–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05650081 |
| By: | Laura Sheppard; Carmen Cabrera; Daphne Badounas; Bonnie Boyana Buyuklieva; Sukankana Chakraborty; Huanfa Chen; Sarah Wise; Howard Wong; Rachael Jones; Neave O'Clery |
| Abstract: | Food bank use in the UK has soared in recent years. The combination of a global pandemic, over-stretched and underfunded public services, and a cost-of-living crisis has meant that millions of people cannot afford basic essentials such as food, heating, housing, and baby supplies. Food bank use is driven by a complex range of factors, including poverty, health emergencies, income shocks, delays to universal credit payments, housing issues, and homelessness. In this study we identify an urban-rural divide in spatial accessibility to food banks. In cities, food banks tend to be highly accessible by public transport to deprived populations but, on average, have shorter opening hours. In rural areas, however, despite generally longer opening hours, food banks are typically not highly accessible except for the most deprived residents. This matters. We find that spatial accessibility to a Trussell food bank centre is a key predictor of food parcel uptake, with a significantly stronger relationship than factors emphasised in the literature such as disability and Universal Credit. Importantly, this relationship is markedly stronger for rural populations, suggesting an unmet need in deprived rural areas far from food banks. Our work has important implications for food bank policy, suggesting a need for improved public transport in rural areas, and optimising current food bank locations and delivery models. |
| Date: | 2026–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2606.24319 |
| By: | Yasmina Rufine Karambiri (UJZK - Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo de Ouagadougou = University of Ouagadougou, iEES Paris - Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - SU - Sorbonne Université - UPEC UP12 - Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Elodie Robert (LETG - Nantes - Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique - UBO EPE - Université de Brest - UR2 - Université de Rennes 2 - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - LETG - Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 - UBO EPE - Université de Brest - UR2 - Université de Rennes 2 - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Nantes Univ - IGARUN - Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes - Nantes Université - pôle Humanités - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université); Dayangnéwendé Edwige Nikiema (UJZK - Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo de Ouagadougou = University of Ouagadougou); Christine Lamberts (ESO - Espaces et Sociétés - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UM - Le Mans Université - UA - Université d'Angers - UR2 - Université de Rennes 2 - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Nantes Univ - IGARUN - Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes - Nantes Université - pôle Humanités - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Fabrice Gangneron (GET - Géosciences Environnement Toulouse - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - CNES - Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - EPE UT - Université de Toulouse - Comue de Toulouse - Communauté d'universités et établissements de Toulouse); Laurent Pourinet (LETG - Nantes - Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique - UBO EPE - Université de Brest - UR2 - Université de Rennes 2 - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - LETG - Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 - UBO EPE - Université de Brest - UR2 - Université de Rennes 2 - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Nantes Univ - IGARUN - Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes - Nantes Université - pôle Humanités - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université); Emma Rochelle-Newall (iEES Paris - Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - SU - Sorbonne Université - UPEC UP12 - Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Rural populations have lower rates of access to adequate drinking water and sanitation than their urban counterparts, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. This situation puts these populations at risk of diarrheal diseases, the severity of which is modulated by factors related to socio-health vulnerabilities. We used the livelihoods framework and its capital-based approach to study socio-health vulnerabilities in rural Burkina Faso. The objective was to identify the most vulnerable households and compare results at village and health area levels. A quantitative and spatial survey was conducted on 272 households in the municipality of Boussouma (Bagré, Centre-East region of Burkina Faso). Bivariate analyses, multiple correspondence analyses (MCA) and ascending hierarchical classification were used to identify socio-health vulnerability profiles. 43% of households, reported at least one episode of diarrhea among their members during the 12 months prior to the survey. A total of 24 variables were retained for MCA, broken down into four capitals: physical capital (type of water resource, quantity, accessibility and distance, functionality of hydraulic structures), financial capital (means of transport and financial capacity to pay for water), human capital (access to sanitation, hygiene measures, and population knowledge) and social capital (social behaviors concerning water points and rules of access). Five socio-health vulnerability profiles were identified and spatialized. The least vulnerable profiles are affected by human capital deficiencies, and the most vulnerable by a combination of deficiencies in the four capitals dominated by physical capital. Targeted WASH interventions, installation of drinking water points, access to water and health care, construction of sanitation infrastructure to eradicate open defecation and, strengthened hygiene awareness campaigns, could considerably reduce socio-health vulnerabilities. However, access to drinking water, sanitation and health care depends on households characteristics (financial resources, knowledge, practices) and structural and political inequalities that shape access, which constitute embedded power relations, as our study reveals. |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05648800 |
| By: | Davies, Rob; Mehlum, Halvor; Moene, Kalle; Torvik, Ragnar |
| Abstract: | The relationship between land reform and electoral support for the government is crucial for countries considering any form of asset redistribution. We develop a unique data set for Zimbabwe, in which we combine data for 19, 374 farm redistributed properties and other estates, with election results from 1, 960 wards in the presidential election in 2018. The farm data are collected in the midst of the land reform in Zimbabwe, and make it possible to analyze how a massive and national land reform goes hand in hand with the support for the long-term ruling party in Zimbabwe, ZANU-PF. The results show that for every percent of a rural ward's land area that was subject to land redistribution, the support for ZANU-PF increases by a quarter of a percentage point. The results are compatible both with a mechanism of gratitude from the beneficiaries and with a precautionary strategy where beneficiaries want to block regime change and potential reversal of the redistribution. |
| Keywords: | Land reform |
| JEL: | D72 P48 Q15 |
| Date: | 2026–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:21396 |
| By: | Bertocchi, Graziella; Dimico, Arcangelo; Tedeschi, Gian Luca |
| Abstract: | Using a combination of individual-level, bioclimatic, ethnographic, and archaeological data, we investigate the ancient origins of cross-country variation in preferences for redistribution. Our hypothesis is that contemporary attitudes toward redistribution are shaped by ancestral inequality, which arose as an endogenous adaptation of pre-Neolithic hunter-gatherer societies to seasonal food shortages induced by the seasonality of the wild progenitors of domesticated crops. Employing contemporary survey data and an epidemiological approach, we first show that migrants originating from countries characterized by higher ancestral inequality exhibit lower support for redistribution, and that this relationship is driven by the degree of crop seasonality in the migrants’ origin countries. Next, using data on premodern societies, we show that crop seasonality induces food storage practices, which in turn lead to inequality. The positive effect of food storage on inequality is corroborated by data from archaeological sites. Finally, drawing on data from preindustrial polities, we uncover that the mechanism linking food storage to redistributive preferences operates through the positive influence of the former on tolerance for inequality. |
| JEL: | D63 H23 N50 O13 Z10 |
| Date: | 2026–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:21490 |
| By: | Koffi Zougbédé; Alban Mas Aparisi; Rebecca Gramiscelli-Hasparyk; Jill Bouscarat; Philipp Heinrigs |
| Abstract: | This paper provides new evidence on private sector perceptions on intra-regional food trade in West Africa, drawing on a survey of more than 3 200 food traders operating across 32 markets in eight countries. The dataset allows for a differentiated analysis by business size, gender, country and product specialisation. The findings reveal an extensive, economically significant, and market-driven sector, though it remains predominantly informal. While over 80% of traders are unregistered, the median trader has an average monthly turnover of USD 13 289 and employs five workers. Traders respond strongly to market signals, such as price differentials and demand patterns, and more than half (56%) trade with non-neighbouring countries. Overall, 62% of traders report a positive business outlook for the next five years, with variations across countries and food products. The main constraints identified extend beyond border procedures and include limited access to finance, insecurity, and inadequate transport and market infrastructure. This analysis points to a strong but under-leveraged market dynamic and underscores the need for better-adapted policies to unlock the potential of intra-regional food trade. |
| Keywords: | Africa, food systems, intra‑regional food trade, private sector, SMEs, trade, West Africa |
| JEL: | F13 J46 L26 Q17 R12 |
| Date: | 2026–07–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:swacaa:52-en |
| By: | Geremew Kassie; Nicolas Moreau |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tep:teppwp:wp26-07 |
| By: | Agarwala, Matthew; Burke, Matt; Klusak, Patrycja; Kraemer, Moritz; Volz, Ulrich; Sovacool, Benjamin K. |
| Abstract: | Biodiversity loss and deforestation are increasingly recognized as systemic economic risks. Yet, their implications for financial markets remain poorly understood. Here we study how biodiversity and ecosystem service loss affect financial risk for the world’s largest asset class, sovereign debt. Environmental degradation undermines the natural foundations of economic activity, reducing productive capacity and the ability of governments to service debt. Currently, sovereign credit ratings ignore these risks, meaning that markets may be mispricing, mismanaging and misallocating US$83 trillion of financial assets. We incorporate biodiversity risk into sovereign credit assessments by extending S&P Global’s methodology to include scenarios for future tropical timber, wild pollination and marine fisheries services across 23 countries, representing 5.5 billion people. A partial ecosystem collapse scenario increases annual debt servicing costs by US$49 billion in India, equivalent to 2.4% of median post-tax income, and by US$70 billion in China. Across countries, additional annual interest payments could reach US$162 billion, nearly reaching the US$200 billion per year target for conservation support under the Global Biodiversity Framework. Angola, Bangladesh, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Madagascar could face gross domestic product losses of more than 15% by 2030. Our results suggest that financial markets are systematically underpricing nature-related risks, with consequences for public finances, nature and financial stability. |
| JEL: | J1 F3 G3 |
| Date: | 2026–06–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:138871 |
| By: | Himes-Cornell, Amber; Hoelting, Kristin; Bowser, Lucy; Buonfrate, Chiara; Le Fol, Gwendal; Nelson-Rowntree, Xavier; Rivas, Priscilla |
| Abstract: | Social and economic sustainability indicators are widely used to inform fisheries and aquaculture management, yet there is no common framework for developing, selecting, evaluating, or comparing them. A shared framework would bring coherence to this landscape by supporting the systematic identification of gaps and opportunities to strengthen understanding of social and economic dimensions across both sectors. In response to this need, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the ICES Working Group on Social Indicators undertook a scoping literature review to better understand how social and economic indicators have been used in fisheries and aquaculture management. This article describes the development and iterative refinement of a conceptual classification system, grounded in established sustainability frameworks and refined through pilot testing, that FAO developed to guide the selection and use of social and economic sustainability indicators in these two sectors. The system organizes the diverse concepts represented by indicators in the fisheries and aquaculture literature into a coherent set of categories and sub-categories. It offers a practical tool for evaluating and comparing the conceptual comprehensiveness of existing data collection efforts and for supporting the robust design of indicators in new initiatives. |
| Date: | 2026–06–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:chxmn_v1 |
| By: | Harsh Wardhan (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations); Ashok Gulati |
| Abstract: | India produces about 3.9 million tonnes of grapes and exports nearly 9 per cent of output-far higher than most other fruits-ranking among the top 10 global exporters with roughly 4 per cent of world trade, over 70 per cent of it to the European Union. The report analyses export competitiveness and value chain gaps, and offers strategies to enhance value realisation, expand into new markets, and sustain export growth. |
| Keywords: | grape exports, agri-exports, European Union trade, export competitiveness, value chain, India, icrier |
| Date: | 2026–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdc:report:26-r-21 |
| By: | Suvangi Rath (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations); Tanmoy Adhikary; Ashok Gulati |
| Abstract: | India accounts for around 12 per cent of global honey exports and ranks among the world's top exporters, but trade is highly concentrated in the United States and dominated by bulk, low-value shipments, exposing exporters to tariff shocks and volatile unit values. The report identifies challenges in quality compliance, market access, productivity, over-reliance on mustard honey, fragmented value chains, and weak branding of GI-tagged and specialty honeys. It proposes a phased strategy of market diversification (Europe, East Asia, Middle East), value addition (organic/GI honeys, beeswax, propolis, royal jelly), quality assurance, farmer institution-building, and branding under the APEDA–ICRIER Knowledge Partnership. |
| Keywords: | honey exports, beekeeping, apiculture, GI-tagged products, market diversification, APEDA, agri-exports, icrier |
| Date: | 2026–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdc:report:26-r-19 |
| By: | Ming Wing; Rwit Chakravorty; Shawn Arita; Sandro Steinbach |
| Abstract: | The March 2026 closure of the Strait of Hormuz disrupted a major corridor for global fertilizer trade and triggered a sharp but uneven market response. This white paper evaluates the first four months of adjustment, focusing on why urea prices retraced quickly while phosphate, ammonia, and UAN prices remained elevated. NOLA urea rose to about $710 per short ton in April before falling below pre-war levels by mid-June, reflecting a rapid repricing of prolonged-closure risk, China’s return to the export market, rerouting through Omani ports, and partial coverage of near-term buyer needs. By contrast, DAP, MAP, ammonia, and UAN remained above pre-war levels because sulfur availability, natural gas costs, and upstream feedstock pressures were not resolved by the reopening framework. Using updated mid-June prices, revised supply assumptions, and Kalshi-calibrated blockage schedules, the paper revises the SVAR-PE fertilizer outlook through 2028. The June update lowers projected 2027 prices relative to the April scenarios but still indicates possible firming from the mid-June urea trough and persistent cross-product divergence. Remaining risks center on effective reopening delays, Gulf infrastructure damage, China export policy, seasonal import demand in Brazil and India, and uncertainty around phosphate supply constraints. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Demand and Price Analysis, International Relations/Trade, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Risk and Uncertainty, Supply Chain |
| Date: | 2026–07–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:arpcwp:404235 |
| By: | Ifergane, Tomer; Ray, Walker; van der Beek, Karine; Farbman, Lior |
| Abstract: | Land titling is expected to expand credit by making land pledgeable, but isolating this collateral channel empirically is difficult. We utilize English enclosures from 1750-1830 as a laboratory: privatization of "common waste" created newly mortgageable land, in contrast with "open-field" enclosures which largely reorganized already titled arable land. A stylized model with endogenous default predicts that an influx of newly pledgeable waste land lowers equilibrium collateral requirements, generating a local credit expansion but an increase in bankruptcies. Using a newly digitized universe of personal bankruptcies from the London Gazette, we find that the enclosure of common waste led to higher bankruptcies, particularly in industrial areas and during downturns. Bankruptcies are concentrated among industrial occupations with tight cash-flow cycles. In contrast, enclosures of open-field reduce bankruptcies. The results clarify a key collateral channel through which property reforms can deepen credit while increasing defaults. |
| Keywords: | Enclosures; Bankruptcy |
| JEL: | E44 G21 G33 K11 N13 N23 O11 O16 O43 Q15 |
| Date: | 2026–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:21455 |
| By: | Harsh Wardhan (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations); Tanay Suntwal; Ashok Gulati |
| Abstract: | India is among the world's largest citrus producers, with output exceeding 16–17 million tonnes led by Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh, yet exports remain limited to 2–3 per cent of production. The report examines constraints across the value chain — post-harvest losses, fragmented aggregation, quality standardisation, and logistics — and benchmarks global exporters to identify opportunities for market diversification. It outlines strategies to boost citrus exports through improved market access, better compliance, and targeted policy and institutional support. |
| Keywords: | citrus exports, agri-exports, value chain, post-harvest losses, market diversification, India, icrier |
| Date: | 2026–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdc:report:26-r-22 |
| By: | Carattini, Stefano; Giustinelli, Pamela; Veronesi, Marcella |
| Abstract: | Knowledge gaps and biased beliefs concerning both climate change and climate policy represent major obstacles to the decarbonization process. Climate education may offer a scalable solution to address such obstacles. In the context of a national reform of the school curriculum in Italy, we implemented a nationwide field experiment, training thousands of secondary school teachers across thousands of schools using a staggered design. Our intervention, a comprehensive course on climate change and climate policy, goes beyond the light-touch interventions typical in the literature. Using extensive survey data, we examine how training affects teachers’ knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, behaviors, and policy preferences and, in turn, those of students. Our study highlights important initial knowledge gaps and biased beliefs about climate change among teachers and students, and provides evidence that climate education can address them at scale. Following our intervention, teachers and students also reconsider their support for climate policies. |
| Keywords: | Climate change and policy; Field experiment; Biased beliefs; Public support; Climate education; Secondary schools |
| JEL: | C93 D72 D83 Q54 |
| Date: | 2026–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:21567 |