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on Agricultural Economics |
| By: | Xueyi Geng (TJU - Tianjin University, Rennes SB - Rennes School of Business); Yi Xiao (TJU - Tianjin University); Junsong Bian (Rennes SB - Rennes School of Business); Gang Liu (TJU - Tianjin University); Huimin Wang (TJU - Tianjin University) |
| Abstract: | Water-saving technologies contribute to mitigating the environmental impact of agriculture and raising farmers' incomes by reducing production input and enhancing crop quality. The promotion of water-saving technologies commonly requires government support and intervention. This study investigates two subsidy schemes: the dynamic scheme and commitment scheme, in terms of social welfare, supplier profits and farmer surplus. We develop an analytical model to analyze the interactions within an agricultural supply chain consisting of a government, a water-saving equipment supplier and heterogeneous farmers across two periods, taking social influence and technological advancement into consideration. The result shows that the impact of social influence on social welfare is associated with the service life of the equipment. Moreover, our findings indicate that the dynamic scheme can better address the uncertainty associated with the advancement in technology. Specifically, the dynamic scheme can concurrently enhance the interests of the supplier and farmers. Finally, we further generalize the model by including the farmers' learning-by-doing behaviors and provide relevant managerial implications for practice. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural logistics and supply chains, Government subsidies, Social influence, Technological advancement |
| Date: | 2026–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05596990 |
| By: | Živa Alif (University of Ljubljana); Sophie Thoyer (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Raphaële Preget (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Tanja Šumrada (University of Ljubljana) |
| Abstract: | The EU has set an objective of reaching 10% of landscape features on its agricultural land by 2030 as part of its latest Biodiversity Strategy. This share is often considered the minimum amount of semi-natural habitats required to halt biodiversity declines and ensure the provision of ecosystem services. This policy objective has faced considerable political opposition due to potentially high budgetary and opportunity costs. We explore farmers' preferences towards hypothetical incentive schemes that ensure the provision of 10% of semi-natural habitats at the landscape level. We use the results of a discrete choice experiment to estimate the total budgetary costs of different schemes and potential strategies to reduce these costs. Finally, we examine regional patterns of farmers' enrolment under various policy scenarios. We find that farmers, on average, demand 21 €, 33 € and 29 € per ha of the entire farm to provide 1% of extensive meadows, woody landscape features and fallow land, respectively. While the total cost of reaching the 10% semi-natural habitat goal at the landscape level drastically exceeds the currently available budget when all farmers contribute equally, the costs can be considerably reduced if an auction-like mechanism is used. Our results show that to reach 10% of semi-natural habitats cost-effectively, careful policy design is required in terms of scheme flexibility and farm-level contributions that are aligned with local conservation targets and the desired scale of implementation. |
| Keywords: | Discrete choice experiment, Slovenia, Cost-effectiveness, Biodiversity conservation, Common agricultural policy, Semi-natural habitats, Agri-environmental schemes |
| Date: | 2026–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05589889 |
| By: | Dodds, Kaylee |
| Abstract: | A new climate-smart wheat with biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) has the potential to increase the sustainability of Canadian agriculture by reducing nitrogen leaching into groundwater systems and nitrous oxide emissions from nitrogen fertilizer. On top of the fertilizer savings from growing BNI wheat, it may be possible for Canadian producers to earn a premium through a climate-smart certification. This thesis explores the consumer demand for a climate-smart certification on pasta. Current research shows evidence of willingness to pay (WTP) for environmentally friendly food products among several consumers groups, but the market potential of products bearing a new climate-smart certification has not been explored. If WTP for climate-smart certified food is found to be high, it may help to support the creation of a climate-smart certification which could help incentivize Canadian producers to adopt climate-smart agriculture production practices. In March 2025, an online survey of 5045 consumers across Canada, Italy, the United States, and the United Kingdom gathered consumer preferences through a discrete choice experiment (DCE) to evaluate WTP for climate-smart pasta. Attributes in the DCE included information on greenhouse gas emission reductions, presence or absence of a climate smart certification, and the organization providing certification. Prior to the DCE, respondents were randomly allocated to information treatments highlighting either local or global benefits of climate-smart agriculture or the control group. These information treatments were designed to assess whether the framing of climate-smart agriculture impacts consumer demand. Then, multinomial logit, mixed logit and latent class models were estimated in order to measure the consumer demand. Canadian consumers were found to be willing to pay an additional premium of 20% for a climate-smart label and 12% for a GHG emissions reduction claim. Similar premiums were found across all the countries studied. Additionally, we found that consumers had a strong dislike for climate-smart labels certified by the government and certified by retailers. Consumers were indifferent towards an environmental organization label and exhibited both positive and negative preferences for the pasta company certification, depending on the market. |
| Keywords: | Consumer/Household Economics |
| Date: | 2026–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:activa:397830 |
| By: | K Hervé Dakpo (UMR PSAE - Paris-Saclay Applied Economics - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Yann Desjeux (BSE - Bordeaux sciences économiques - UB - Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Laure Latruffe (BSE - Bordeaux sciences économiques - UB - Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Pesticide reduction in the French wine industry and its effect on production risk. |
| Date: | 2026–03–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05548674 |
| By: | Rocco Macchiavello; Josepa Miquel-Florensa; Nicolas de Roux; Eric Verhoogen; Mario Bernasconi; Patrick Farrell |
| Abstract: | Do the returns to quality upgrading pass through supply chains to primary producers? We explore this question in the context of Colombia's coffee sector, in which market outcomes depend on interactions between farmers, exporters (which operate mills), and international buyers, and contracts are for the most part not legally enforceable. We formalize the hypothesis that quality upgrading is subject to a key hold-up problem: producing high-quality beans requires long-term investments by farmers, but there is no guarantee that an exporter will pay a quality premium when the beans arrive at its mills. An international buyer with sufficient demand for high-quality coffee can solve this problem by imposing a vertical restraint on the exporter, requiring the exporter to pay a quality premium to farmers. Combining internal records from two exporters, comprehensive administrative data, and the staggered rollout of a buyer-driven quality-upgrading program, we find empirical support for the key theoretical predictions, both the lack of pass-through of quality premia under normal circumstances and the possibility of a buyer-driven solution through a vertical restraint. Calibration of the model suggests that one-third to two-thirds of the (substantial) gains from the program accrue to farmers, with the vertical restraint playing a critical role. The results are consistent with the hypotheses that quality upgrading can provide a path to higher incomes for farmers, but also that it is unlikely to be viable under standard market conditions in the sector. |
| Keywords: | Quality Upgrading, Relational Contracts, Vertical Restraints, Buyer-Driven Voluntary Standards. |
| JEL: | O12 F61 L23 Q12 Q13 |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crm:wpaper:25167 |
| By: | Sarwar, Faiza; Siddiqu, Danish Ahmed |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this study is to examine how Green Restaurant Sustainable Practices including 1. sustainable food practices (FSP), food quality perception (FQ), food safety perception (FS), and environmental sensitivity (ES) influence consumer behavior, specifically including 1. revisit intentions (CRI), preferences (CP), and willingness to pay more for sustainable food (WTPM). We proposed that these effects are mediated by 1. hedonic (HV) and utilitarian values (UV). Design/Methodology/Approach: A mixed-method approach was used, combining online surveys and in-person interviews to gather data from experienced sustainable food consumers. This dual method helped capture both quantitative and qualitative insights into consumer perceptions and intentions. Findings: Consumers prioritize food quality and are willing to pay more for it. Sustainable practices and environmental sensitivity significantly increase revisit intentions and preferences. Hedonic value mediates the relationship between sustainable practices/food quality and consumer intention. Utilitarian value primarily mediates the effect of environmental sensitivity on consumer behavior. Practical Implications: The study suggests that businesses in the food industry, particularly in emerging markets like Pakistan, can gain a competitive advantage by incorporating sustainable practices. Doing so not only attracts environmentally conscious consumers but also boosts customer loyalty and profitability. Originality/Value: This paper contributes to the growing literature on sustainable consumption in the food industry, with a specific focus on emerging markets in Pakistan. It uniquely incorporates hedonic and utilitarian values as mediators in understanding green consumer behavior |
| Keywords: | Green restaurants, sustainable practices, consumer buying intention, hedonic value, utilitarian value, environmental sensitivity, Pakistan |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:340193 |
| By: | Vanthuyne, Cole |
| Abstract: | Currently, challenges associated with root rots and drought affect the relative advantage of field pea production, and the severity of these challenges is exacerbated by a changing climate. Advances in crop breeding offer potential solutions in the form of new varieties that address these biotic and environmental stressors, but producer adoption is key. In this research, I examine the opportunities and constraints to adoption of field pea in producers’ rotation decisions, with a focus on the impacts of producer perceptions, uncertainty preferences and technology acceptance. Data was collected through an online survey of 461 Western Canadian field crop producers that incorporated a discrete choice experiment (DCE), Tanaka et al.’s (2010) prospect theory game, and Ellsberg’s (1961) two-urns paradox. These methods allowed us to explore how risk, loss, and ambiguity aversion affected demand for varietal attributes—such as climate resilience (root rot resistance and drought tolerance), royalty models (e.g., Variety Use Agreements), and new technologies (e.g., gene editing). Analyzed through a mixed multinomial logit model, the results suggest the inclusion of field pea in the crop rotation is motivated by the benefits of diversification, but the benefits must outweigh the loss of financial certainty or incentives to justify their place in the crop rotation. This motivation is supported with a significant demand found for root rot resistance among risk and ambiguity averse producers within the full sample. Further, loss aversion was found to have significant positive impacts on demand for drought tolerance. The results point towards root rot challenging the financial certainty of pea, whereas in the case of drought tolerance, demand appears to be driven from a search for protection from overall losses, rather than a guarantee of gains. However, uncertainty behaviours are found to have mixed explanatory power over adoption decisions, likely driven by a heterogenous population. The influence of uncertainty is found to be variable between technologies, growing zones, and producer experience with pea. Sub-sample analysis by soil zone and grower type yielded significant but variable results regarding the impact of uncertainty behaviours. Risk, loss, and ambiguity aversion influenced the perceived utility of traits such as root rot resistance and drought tolerance, with the direction and magnitude of these effects differing across sub-samples and traits. A similar pattern is observed among producers exhibiting ambiguity aversion in relation to the adoption of gene-edited varieties, as adoption was found to be limited or increased by a gene-edited designation when ambiguity aversion was present. The presence of Varietal Use Agreements (VUAs) in new varieties is found to significantly limit adoption, with ambiguity aversion magnifying this effect. Overall, there is a demand for climate-resilient traits among sub-samples, however the usage of gene editing and VUA are found to limit adoption within the sample. The variable results by subanalysis highlight the potential importance of localized and heterogenous factors on the demand for agricultural technologies and practices. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:peaceg:397831 |
| By: | Bouzahzah, Mohamed |
| Abstract: | This paper addresses a persistent and consequential puzzle in climate econometrics: the recurring observation of null climate effects in panel fixed-effects models for African agriculture, despite overwhelming agronomic and micro-level evidence of climate vulnerability. This identification failure has led to confusion regarding climate risk assessment among policymakers. Recent studies by Gebreslassie (2024) and Affoh et al. Robustness checks confirm null findings are stable across alternative standard error specifications, ruling out error misspecification as an explanation. (2024) continue to document these statistically insignificant effects once year fixed effects are included. Using cereal yields from ten African countries (2000-2023), we deliberately replicate this "null results paradox" -our baseline specification with year fixed effects produces no significant climate coefficients (p > 0.28) for temperature and precipitation). Through variance decomposition, we provide the first empirical quantification of this identification failure: we demonstrate that the annual fixed effects alone absorb 15 percentage points of the explanatory power for within-country yield variation (R2 reduction from 0.380 to 0.230). Crucially, we demonstrate that the annual fixed effects act as a statistical absorber, masking economically significant relationships. When year dummies are removed, the strong and theoretically sound signal of fertilizer use (coefficient = 0.202, p |
| Keywords: | Climate econometrics; Panel data; Fixed effects; Identification; Agricultural productivity; Africa; Year dummies; Spatial correlation |
| JEL: | C23 O13 Q15 Q54 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:128054 |
| By: | Nivievskyi, Oleh |
| Abstract: | Despite Russia’s ongoing military aggression, Ukraine has made substantial progress toward EU accession, formally launching negotiations in 2024 after obtaining candidate status in 2022 and completing the legislative screening process in 2025. Alignment with the EU acquis will require far-reaching economic and institutional transformation, particularly in agriculture, one of Ukraine’s most important and politically sensitive sectors. This paper focuses on the Common Organisation of Agricultural Markets (CMO), a central but often overlooked pillar of the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy. While public debates have largely emphasized direct payments and fiscal costs of accession, the CMO plays a crucial role in shaping market regulation, competition, and trade within the EU Single Agri-Food Market. The paper analyzes the main features of the CMO, assesses implications for Ukraine’s accession process, and discusses policy options to manage adjustment pressures for both Ukraine and the EU. |
| Keywords: | Ukraine, Trade, agriculture, competitiveness, EU integration |
| JEL: | F13 F15 F51 Q17 Q18 |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:128748 |
| By: | Gabriel Montes-Rojas (Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Economía Política (IIEP UBA–CONICET). Buenos Aires, Argentina.); Andrés Salles (Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Economía Política (IIEP UBA–CONICET). Buenos Aires, Argentina.) |
| Abstract: | This study analyzes the impact of agricultural export taxes ("retenciones") in Argentina from 2012 to 2022, focusing on the meat and wheat/bread sectors. Using multivariate time series econometric models, it evaluates how these taxes affect domestic prices and exports. Findings show that export taxes significantly and persistently reduce exports, harming the competitiveness of the agricultural sector. Regarding domestic prices, the effects vary by product: meat prices experience a brief and limited decrease, while wheat and bread prices unexpectedly increase, challenging the conventional belief that export taxes help control domestic inflation. The study concludes that, in the long run, export taxes have a negative impact on export performance and ambiguous effects on local prices. In light of these results, it recommends replacing export taxes with other forms of taxation, as their economic costs may outweigh their fiscal benefits. |
| Keywords: | Exports; Taxes; Agricultural sector; Prices |
| JEL: | Q18 E31 H25 |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ake:iiepdt:2025-111 |
| By: | Chen, Ting (Hong Kong Baptist University); Gu, Jiajia (International Monetary Fund); Ngai, L. Rachel (London School of Economics); Wang, Jin (Hong Kong Unverity of Science and Technology) |
| Abstract: | We study how land market frictions affect men and women differently during structural transformation, exploiting two major Chinese land reforms that strengthened farmers' rental rights. Using large-language-model text analysis, we construct a county-level reform index and combine it with large panel data to identify causal effects. The reforms shift rural women out of agriculture more than men and reduce urban women's employment and wages relative to men. A multisector model with intra-household labor allocation rationalizes these findings: gender-neutral land market frictions act as gender-specific mobility barriers, and their removal disproportionately accelerates women's transition into non-agricultural employment. |
| Keywords: | gender, land, labor mobility, structural transformation |
| JEL: | J16 J61 E24 |
| Date: | 2026–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18569 |
| By: | Curtin, Finbar; Burgess, Matthew G. |
| Abstract: | Empirical models of the macro-level climate-economy relationship project climate change impacts ranging from trivial to catastrophic. This wide range suggests identification challenges. Here, we show that such models indeed face identification challenges that are axiomatic and irreducible. The climate-economy relationship has qualitatively important variation across space and time, due to complex regional heterogeneity and affluence-driven adaptation, among other factors. Empirical models must assume away some of this variation to preserve degrees of freedom. Influential observations caused by economic disasters and miracles, along with low signal-to-noise ratios, create additional challenges. We illustrate these challenges theoretically and then empirically by replicating and sensitivity testing prominent climate-econometric studies. The estimation challenges create economically meaningful sensitivities and fragilities. We recommend a cautious and uncertainty-emphasizing approach to applying climate econometrics to public and private decision-making. Importantly, however, our analysis does not dismiss the existence of a negative carbon externality nor economically beneficial efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. |
| Date: | 2026–04–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:g8khf_v2 |
| By: | Zahniser, Steven; Ortega Díaz, Araceli; Hernández García, Víctor Hugo; Solís y Arias, José Valentín; Gallegos, Clarissa |
| Abstract: | In this report, the USDA, Economic Research Service (ERS) Food Dollar methodology is applied comprehensively to Mexico for the first time to analyze food expenditure shares across industry groups and factors of production during 2003–18. The annual farm share of Mexico’s food expenditures averaged 22.1 percent for food at home (FAH) expenditures and 4.0 percent for food away from home (FAFH) expenditures. Embedded imports—imported inputs used in domestic food production—accounted for a rising share of Mexico’s FAH expenditures: 18.4 percent in 2018 versus 13.4 percent in 2003. Most of these imported inputs came from the United States. When the expenditure shares for Mexico were decomposed into industry groups comprising the food value chain, FAH relies on wholesale and retail services and food processing, while FAFH depends heavily on food services. Application of this methodology to Mexico also allows for comparisons with the data series for the United States in USDA, ERS’s Food Dollar data product. |
| Keywords: | Demand and Price Analysis, International Relations/Trade, Marketing, Production Economics, Research Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Supply Chain |
| Date: | 2026–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:uersrr:397828 |
| By: | Arita, Shawn; Wang, Ming; Steinbach, Sandro |
| Abstract: | This study evaluates the effects of Tier 2 over-quota sugar imports on the U.S. sugar market at the request of U.S. Senator John Hoeven. Using a partial equilibrium trade model calibrated to the USDA Needs Formula and a reduced-form stocks-to-use regression estimated from WASDE data, the analysis finds that Tier 2 imports lowered U.S. domestic raw sugar prices by about 5 to 8 cents per pound during FY2025 to FY2026. The price effect arose mainly because over-quota imports displaced administered imports from Mexico that had helped stabilize domestic supplies and support the targeted 13.5 percent ending stocks-to-use ratio. As Tier 2 imports increased, Mexico’s allocation under the Needs Formula was compressed and excess supply accumulated above the policy target. Estimated annual revenue losses range from $0.9 to $1.5 billion. A refined-adjusted estimate that applies amplified raw-to-refined pass-through to both the beet and cane segments implies an industry-wide loss of $1.3 to $1.8 billion, with the sugar beet segment absorbing the majority. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Demand and Price Analysis, International Relations/Trade, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2026–04–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:arpcwp:397832 |
| By: | Caitlin Brown; Denni Tommasi |
| Abstract: | We study quality upgrading in informal street food markets - where food safety is a credence attribute and transactions are frequent, low-value, and weakly regulated - using two linked experiments with consumers and vendors in Kolkata, India. We firstly define and measure upgrading through a context-specific framework based on observable sanitation-related inputs and food-safety practices. Using a discrete choice experiment with consumers, we document a large willingness to pay for visibly cleaner kiosks and more hygienic vendors, highlighting the central role of observable signals. We then conduct a clustered randomized trial with vendors that subsidizes sanitation infrastructure and hygiene supplies, and cross-randomizes on-site training. The intervention increases the use of provided equipment and improves observed hygiene during the subsidy period, but effects fade after support ends and training adds little. Business outcomes improve through higher customer volume yielding increased profits, yet prices do not change. Moreover, untreated vendors near treated peers experience worse outcomes, consistent with demand reallocation and positional returns rather than market expansion. Follow-up surveys and qualitative evidence point to binding constraints from informal price coordination norms and a precarious operating environment, consistent with a moral hazard mechanism in which cleanliness is difficult to verify and not privately profitable to sustain. |
| Keywords: | Quality upgrading; street food; informal markets; food safety; randomized experiment; consumer preferences; hygiene practices; moral hazard; subsidy effectiveness; signaling; developing countries. |
| JEL: | D82 I18 L15 L31 O12 O33 |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crm:wpaper:25163 |
| By: | Anne Ardila Brenøe; Jenna Stearns; Richard M. Martin |
| Abstract: | Using data from the only large-scale randomized controlled trial promoting prolonged exclusive breastfeeding, we study how the intervention affected child health and why. The intervention increased weight-for-age in infancy, with effects persisting through adolescence. We show that treated infants were breastfed more and received less water, juice, and other liquids, resulting in a more calorie-dense diet. A mediation analysis indicates that increased caloric intake explains a large share of the early weight gain, while reduced illness explains little. These findings suggest that, in this setting, the main benefits of breastfeeding promotion for physical growth came from improved nutrition. More broadly, the results highlight that the effects of breastfeeding promotion depend on the local alternatives to breast milk and may differ in settings where infant formula or other more nutritious substitutes are the main alternative. |
| Keywords: | Breastfeeding, infant feeding, child health, the Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial (PROBIT) |
| JEL: | I10 J13 J24 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crm:wpaper:26093 |
| By: | Akay, Alpaslan (University of Gothenburg); Bargain, Olivier (University of Bordeaux); Lomidze, Beka (Bordeaux University); Martinsson, Peter (Technical University of Denmark) |
| Abstract: | We study the medium-run effects of a major climate shock on insurance demand and subjective well-being. Exploiting quasi-random exposure to storm Gudrun (Sweden, 2005) and conditioning on satellite-based forest and terrain characteristics, we treat realized damages as conditionally exogenous. Three years after the event, affected forest owners exhibit a persistent increase in insurance take-up alongside significant welfare losses. These losses are economically meaningful and consistent with important non-pecuniary and psychological costs, including landscape damage and heightened insecurity. Insurance provides only limited welfare buffering, operating partly as reassurance rather than full compensation. Overall, the results highlight the limits of climate insurance as a stand-alone adaptation tool. |
| Keywords: | natural disasters, insurance take-up, subjective well-being, Gudrun |
| JEL: | G22 Q54 |
| Date: | 2026–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18553 |
| By: | Batabyal, Amitrajeet; Beladi, Hamid |
| Abstract: | Water quality in the Ganges River in Kanpur, India, is the result of two opposite factors. The positive factor arises from the regulations that compel tanneries to treat their wastewater before this water is discharged into the Ganges. The negative factor stems from cheating, bribery, and non-compliance by some tanneries which leads to the dumping of insufficiently treated wastewater into the Ganges. We shed light on two goals by analyzing a stochastic model of Ganges water quality that is the outcome of the above two factors. Our first goal is to study the probabilistic evolution of water quality in the Ganges and to then compute the likelihood that water quality will improve to an exogenously specified level denoted by Q. Our second goal is to ascertain the expected amount of time it will take for water quality to get to this level Q and to then discuss related issues. |
| Keywords: | Ganges river; Stochastic modeling; Tannery; Uncertainty; Water Pollution |
| JEL: | D80 Q25 Q28 |
| Date: | 2025–11–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:128457 |
| By: | Lydia Chikumbi; Milan Scasny |
| Keywords: | choice experiment, Quantitative Methods |
| JEL: | C25 D91 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rza:ersawp:878 |
| By: | Marguerite Obolensky; Marco Tabellini; Charles A. Taylor |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the concept of "climate matching'' in migration-the idea that migrants seek out destinations with familiar climates-and studies its implications for the geography of economic activity in the United States. We document that temperature distance between origin and destination predicts the distribution of migrants across U.S. counties, for both internal and international migration in the historical (1850-1940) and modern (1970-2019) periods. These patterns cannot be explained by the spatial correlation of climate or the persistence of ethnic networks, and instead reflect two mechanisms: the transferability of climate-specific skills and climate as an amenity. We then study the economic consequences of climate mismatch during 1880-1920, a period of rapid growth and structural transformation. Using an instrumental variable strategy that interacts origin-country inflow shocks with the timing of county railroad access, we find that mismatch reduced agricultural productivity and accelerated the exit from farming. However, manufacturing output did not rise. Instead, manufacturing productivity declined and population growth was lower in counties with higher climate mismatch. These effects left a lasting imprint: a 1°C increase in 1880--1920 mismatch is associated with 2.5% lower per capita income in 1940. |
| Keywords: | Migration, climate, climate matching, economic geography |
| JEL: | J15 J61 N31 N32 Q54 R11 |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crm:wpaper:26031 |