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on Agricultural Economics |
| By: | Aliev, Jovidon; Dunston, Shahnila; Ilyasov, Jarilkasin; Khakimov, Parviz; Pechtl, Sarah; Thomas, Timothy S. |
| Abstract: | Climate change is one of the main challenges for Tajikistan’s agricultural development in the medium and longer term. Tajikistan’s Agri-Food System and Sustainable Development Program (ASDP) for the period up to 2030 defined climate change as one of four key challenges to the development of agriculture and food systems. Accordingly, the Program accentuates the importance climate-optimized agriculture to ensure sustainable development of the sector.; The effects of climate change on agriculture in Tajikistan was examined using IFPRI’s International Model for Policy Analysis of Agricultural Commodities and Trade (IMPACT) by simulating climate change and no climate change (baseline) scenarios between 2015 and 2050. |
| Keywords: | climate change; agricultural development; agrifood systems; sustainable development; crops; irrigation; Tajikistan; Central Asia |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ceaspb:7 |
| By: | Sameh Hallaq; Yousuf Daas |
| Abstract: | The research leverages yearly variations in climate variables, such as rainfall and temperature, across the West Bank from 1999 to 2018 to assess their influence on individuals' decisions to stay in the agricultural sector. The main findings suggest that an increase in rainfall in the previous year is associated with a higher proportion of workers in the agricultural sector, especially in regions where agriculture is the primary economic activity. Temperature variation is also an important factor. An increase in the maximum temperature will generally have a negative effect on the supply of labor in the agricultural sector, while an increase in the minimum temperature may have a positive effect. However, this effect varies across different regions of the West Bank, reflecting the diverse agricultural practices and irrigation methods employed. The study also examines two potential mechanisms through which climate change affects labor decisions: agricultural labor migration to the Israeli labor market and how climate shocks affect agricultural wages. |
| Keywords: | Labor Supply; Climate Change; Agriculture; West Bank |
| JEL: | J01 J43 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lev:wrkpap:wp_1033 |
| By: | Akramov, Kamiljon; Aliev, Jovidon; Babu, Suresh; Srivastava, Nandita; Tohirzoda, Sino |
| Abstract: | A recent study focused on Tajikistan uses a conceptual framework to undertake such an integration analysis of key national level climate change related and agriculture policy documents. It identifies synergies and existing gaps and provides recommendations on strengthening sectoral integration to achieve climate change goals. This study was funded by the USAID mission in Tajikistan and USAID’s Comprehensive Action for Climate Change Initiative (CACCI)-Asia under their support to the Committee for Environmental Protection (CEP) of Tajikistan toward the implementation of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) through technical support from the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).; The Declaration on Sustainable Agriculture, Resilient Food Systems, and Climate Action endorsed by over 150 countries at UNFCCC-COP28 highlights global recognition of the unprecedented adverse climate impacts on food systems resilience and the need to expedite the integration of agriculture and food systems into climate action. While integration is necessary to ensure favorable sectoral level climate action outcomes, there are currently no concrete frameworks and case studies showcasing how to support this integration process at the country level. |
| Keywords: | agrifood systems; climate change; policies; rice; Tajikistan; Asia; Central Asia |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ceaspb:5 |
| By: | Stephan Heblich; Stephen J. Redding; Yanos Zylberberg |
| Abstract: | We provide new evidence on the income distributional consequences of trade using the New World Grain Invasion in the 19th Century and variation in agroclimatic suitability for wheat across locations within England and Wales. We show that this large-scale agricultural trade shock led to structural transformation away from agriculture and a redistribution of population from rural to urban areas. We develop a quantitative spatial model to rationalize our empirical findings and evaluate the aggregate implications of this international trade shock. We use our model to undertake counterfactuals for the Grain invasion, holding constant other exogenous determinants of economic activity. We find modest aggregate welfare gains combined with much larger income distributional effects, with geography an important dimension along which these income distributional effects occur. |
| Date: | 2025–04–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bri:uobdis:25/790 |
| By: | Pooja Batra; Ajay Sharma |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we analyse the impact of international migration on the food consumption and dietary diversity of left-behind households. Using the Kerala migration survey 2011, we study whether households with emigrants (on account of international migration) have higher consumption expenditure and improved dietary diversity than their non-migrating counterparts. We use ordinary least square and instrumental variable approach to answer this question. The key findings are that: a) emigrant households have higher overall consumption expenditure as well as higher expenditure on food; b) we find that international migration leads to increase in the dietary diversity of left behind households. Further, we explore the effect on food sub-group expenditure for both rural and urban households. We find that emigrant households spend more on protein (milk, pulses and egg, fish and meat), at the same time there is higher spending on non-healthy food habits (processed and ready to eat food items) among them. |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2510.15399 |
| By: | Andre Groeger; Yanos Zylberberg |
| Abstract: | This paper studies how social networks (might fail to) shape agricultural practices. We exploit (i) a unique census of agricultural production nested within delineated land parcels and (ii) social network data within four repopulated villages of rural Vietnam. In a first step, we extract exogenous variation in network formation from home locations within the few streets that compose each village (populated through staggered population resettlement), and we estimate the return to social links in the adoption of highly-productive crops. We find a large network multiplier, in apparent contradiction with low adoption rates. In a second step, we study the structure of network formation to explain this puzzle: social networks display large homophily, and valuable links between heterogeneous households are rare. Due to the clustered nature of networks and the dynamic, endogenous propagation of agricultural practices, there are decreasing returns to social links, and policies targeting “inbetweeners†are most able to mitigate this issue. |
| Date: | 2025–04–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bri:uobdis:25/794 |
| By: | Gianluca Iannucci; Jean-Christophe Pereau (BSE - Bordeaux Sciences Economiques - UB - Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Abstract This article analyses the endogenous choice of farmers to be organic or conventional in a groundwater evolutionary model when a tax on fertiliser on conventional farmers is implemented by a regulatory agency. The analysis of the model shows that the coexistence of both type of farmers only occurs when the decrease in productivity due to organic production is relatively low and the price premium for organic products is relatively high. However, even if conversion is welfare improving, our results show that this conversion may be done at the expense of the water resource with a lower water table. An application to the Western la Mancha aquifer (Spain) illustrates the main results. |
| Keywords: | Fertiliser tax, Pollution, Organic farming Replicator dynamics, Groundwater management |
| Date: | 2024–10–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05155879 |
| By: | Aliev, Jovidon; Rajiv, Sharanya |
| Abstract: | Resilience Index Measurement Analysis (RIMA) is applied to panel household survey data from 2007, 2009, and 2011 in Tajikistan to investigate the causal impact of household resilience on food security in the presence of coping strategies. Key findings • Three significant factors define household resilience capacity: access to basic services, including affordable energy supply; assets; and social safety nets. The latter two factors underscore the importance of formal and informal transfers as effective responses when shocks intensify. • Coping strategies allow households to quickly adjust their behavior to adapt to shocks in the short-term, potentially enhancing their overall resilience in the long-term. • Resilience capacity at a given point in time enhances households’ future food security. Households with higher resilience capacity are likely to have a higher household food expenditure share (HFES) and less likely to face loss of food expenditure share, particularly due to the protective effect of resilience when shocks intensify. • While households with an older head have higher food expenditure share, households with a male head and/or located in rural areas are less likely to face a worsening household food expenditure share. • As household size increases, the household food expenditure share initially decreases but eventually increases at a gradual pace. Conversely, as size increases, households are initially less likely to experience loss of HFES, but this likelihood eventually increases. |
| Keywords: | Tajikistan; Central Asia; Asia; resilience; food security; energy consumption; social safety nets; assets; households; financial institutions |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ceaspb:14 |
| By: | Bertille Daran (UMR PSAE - Paris-Saclay Applied Economics - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris); Clément Nedoncelle (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Climate aid is an international financial flow that promotes mitigation and adaptation to climate change while supporting local economic development. These flows may have unintended consequences, potentially exacerbating environmental degradation. This study examines the impact of climate aid on deforestation in Africa from 2001 to 2021. Using a novel dataset of geocoded aid projects that we classify as pursuing climate-related objectives by applying a machine learning model, we find evidence of a causal link between climate aid and forest loss. On average, deforestation increases by 94 hectares for every additional 1 million USD of geocoded climate aid projects disbursed. Over the complete period and spatial extent, 5% of deforestation is linked to the disbursement of climate aid projects. These effects are heterogeneous and vary by initial forest cover: aid increases deforestation in densely forested areas, while it appears to reduce deforestation where forest cover was initially sparse. Analysis of the mechanisms suggests that the effects are primarily driven by economic funding for mitigation, production-related activities, and particularly agricultural expansion. |
| Abstract: | L'aide climatique est un flux financier international qui favorise l'atténuation et l'adaptation au changement climatique tout en soutenant le développement économique local. Ces flux peuvent avoir des conséquences imprévues, susceptibles d'aggraver la dégradation de l'environnement. Cette étude examine l'impact de l'aide climatique sur la déforestation en Afrique entre 2001 et 2021. À l'aide d'un nouvel ensemble de données géocodées sur les projets d'aide que nous classons comme poursuivant des objectifs liés au climat en appliquant un modèle d'apprentissage automatique, nous avons trouvé des preuves d'un lien de causalité entre l'aide climatique et la perte de forêts. En moyenne, la déforestation augmente de 94 hectares pour chaque million de dollars supplémentaires versés dans le cadre de projets d'aide climatique géocodés. Sur l'ensemble de la période et de l'étendue spatiale, 5 % de la déforestation est liée au versement de projets d'aide climatique. Ces effets sont hétérogènes et varient en fonction de la couverture forestière initiale : l'aide augmente la déforestation dans les zones densément boisées, tandis qu'elle semble la réduire là où la couverture forestière était initialement clairsemée. L'analyse des mécanismes suggère que ces effets sont principalement dus au financement économique des activités d'atténuation, des activités liées à la production et, en particulier, de l'expansion agricole. |
| Keywords: | Land conversion, Tropical deforestation, Mitigation and adaptation |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:ciredw:hal-05310970 |
| By: | Takeshima, Hiroyuki; Ragasa, Catherine; Bamiwuye, Temilolu; Fasoranti, Adetunji; Omoigui, Lucky |
| Abstract: | CONTEXT Despite the significant roles that intermediary seed systems play in the supply of quality seeds in developing countries, including Africa south of the Sahara, the knowledge gap remains generally substantial regarding the general characteristics and seed quality control performance of intermediary seed systems such as community seed schemes (CSS), which still operate predominantly outside the formal seed systems. OBJECTIVE We aim to narrow the knowledge gap on seed production practices implemented by CSS, their economic and technical characteristics, the extent of seed quality control achieved, and potential challenges CSS is facing. METHODS Using primary survey data of seed producers of key grains (maize, rice, and sorghum) and legumes (cowpea and soybean) from 380 CSS in Kano state in northern Nigeria, we qualitatively assess origins and drivers of their growth, extent of seed production, relations with upstream actors (breeder and foundation seed providers) and downstream actors (seed buyers), economic structures of their seed production, aspects of quality control measures they engage, and potential roles of external support, such as training on the implementation of these quality control measures. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS We discovered that many of the interviewed CSS have emerged endogenously, taking up seed production to address the challenges in access to quality seeds in their locality. Their seed production has often grown into viable businesses that have provided potentially significant additions to their incomes. Oftentimes, these CSS implemented some seed quality control measures, including making closer visual checks of seeds, checking germination rates, and bagging/packing seeds, among others. However, fuller seed quality control may be significantly skill-intensive, and most CSS still do not implement many of the recommended measures under some of the intermediary quality assurance standards, such as Quality Declared Seed. Our qualitative assessment suggests that future support for CSS can focus on technical support to raise the ability to engage in broader categories of quality assurance activities in economically viable ways and to improve the awareness and knowledge of different varieties and access to foundation seeds. SIGNIFICANCE The quality assurance provided by existing CSS in Nigeria may be relatively limited, particularly in proper maintenance of the seed production field and the quality of original seeds that CSS intend to multiply. Providing external support through training and technical assistance can be an effective way to transform community seed schemes into critical providers of seed quality assurance in the intermediate seed system and to fill gaps in the formal seed system. |
| Keywords: | quality control; seed quality; training; legumes; Nigeria; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Western Africa |
| Date: | 2024–12–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:163452 |
| By: | Fanny Claise; Marielle Brunette |
| Abstract: | Natural events pose a real threat to forests around the world. Insurance contracts can help protect forest owners against these damaging events. However, there is considerable heterogeneity in terms of insurance adoption across countries. In France, for instance, the adoption rate is extremely low. In this article, we attempt to identify the characteristics of insurance contracts that influence forest owners’ demand for insurance against natural events. To this end, we employed a Discrete Choice Experiment methodology involving hypothetical forest insurance scenarios that varied according to the characteristics of the insurance contract such as the hazard(s) covered, the level of deductible, the duration, and the annual cost. The results, based on 317 responses from French private forest owners, demonstrate that some of the tested characteristics had a significant impact. Notably, forest owners were not willing to pay for storm insurance in addition to fire insurance. Conversely, they were willing to pay for insurance against the package including all hazards: fire, storm, drought and pathogens. |
| Keywords: | Forest Insurance; Discrete Choice Experiment; Contract; Logit; Willingness to pay (WTP); Contract |
| JEL: | B21 G22 Q23 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulp:sbbeta:2025-42 |
| By: | Marielle Brunette; Stéphane Couture; Patrice Loisel |
| Abstract: | Decision-making processes increasingly involve ambiguity rather than risk, and multiple ambiguities rather than a single one. In this article, we consider how different sources of ambiguity, as well as two-source ambiguity, affect decision-making in relation to risk. We also examine the value of information that eliminates or reduces ambiguity. Finally, we analyse the effect of ambiguity preferences on the results. To this end, we propose an experiment in forest management in the context of climate change, which is a typical decision-making situation involving multiple ambiguities. We demonstrate that the various sources of ambiguity modify the optimal decision in comparison to situations involving risk. Furthermore, we demonstrate that ambiguity aversion significantly impacts the optimal decision. The results reveal that the value of information that eliminates one-source ambiguity is positive in both one- and two-source ambiguity situations. However, ambiguity aversion has no significant impact on this value. |
| Keywords: | risk, ambiguity, decision, information value |
| JEL: | D81 Q23 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulp:sbbeta:2025-41 |
| By: | Ana Alicia Dipierri |
| Abstract: | The agri-food system stands at a crossroads: by 2050, the global population is expected to reach 9.7 billion, necessitating a 50-60% increase in food output (Alexandratos & Bruinsma, 2012; Falcon et al. 2022; Grafton et al. 2015; Makuvaro et al. 2018). These challenges will exacerbate the already critical situation, with 673 million people suffering from hunger (FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP, and WHO, 2025), 890 million people being obese, and 2.5 billion overweight (World Health Organization, 2025), while over 2 billion people across the globe are experiencing micronutrient malnutrition (Passarelli et al. 2024). Simultaneously, the agri- food sector is currently responsible for nearly one-third of the total greenhouse gas emissions (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2020; Smith et al. 2019). These interconnected challenges underscore a systemic crisis and an urgent need for a profound transformation of the agri-food system toward sustainability, ensuring ongoing access to nutritious food for current and future generations. My dissertation, “Behavioral and managerial changes towards sustainable development in the food system”, examines sustainability in the agri-food sector as a collective goal that requires prioritizing long-term societal interest over short-term individual gains. I do this through the lens of Collective Action Theory.My research approach is pragmatic in nature (Morgan, 2007; Shannon-Baker, 2016). For instance, I selected research methods based on their usefulness for understanding and explaining my research question. This principle led me to employ a mixed-methods approach (Kaushik & Walsh, 2019), which allowed me to understand the complex cooperation problems within the agri-food sector across two real-world arenas: communal irrigation systems in Argentina and the corporate sector in Belgium. In Argentina, I explored real-world social dilemmas associated with communal irrigation systems through a framed field experiment with small-scale farmers. To replicate real conditions, I adapted an experimental setting (Anderies et al. 2013), in collaboration with local actors (government officials and technicians), and conducted several pilot tests with students. While the framed field experiment provided me with rich behavioral data, the post-experimental surveys, semi-structured in-depth interviews, and non-participatory observations uncovered qualitative and relational aspects. Meanwhile, in Belgium, a nationwide survey mapped the ecological responsiveness motives of the corporate sector and assessed the ability of explanatory variables to predict them. I developed this survey in collaboration with the corporate sector and refined it through several pilot testing rounds involving colleagues and representatives from firms to ensure it reflects corporate pro- environmental motivations. Overall, this methodological design reflects my interest in linking theory with practice by co-producing the methodological instruments with those involved in xivreal-world problems (small-scale farmers and firms) and conducting several pilot tests to ensure a realistic representation.Aligned with this methodological grounding, I am very interested in working with grassroots organizations, such as water associations or cooperatives, and key actors in the agri-food system who have the leverage to reduce the sector’s ecological footprint. During the fieldwork, I assumed several roles (facilitator of the experiments, observer of their realities, and translator of complex contexts), but always honored the local, grounded knowledge that informs this dissertation by maintaining an analytical distance.Complementing this practical focus, ethics and values are central to my research approach. To this end, I obtained informed consent from all informants (small-scale farmers and firm representatives) (Singer & Couper, 2010) and provided fair compensation to those who invested significant time during data collection (small-scale farmers in the experimental sessions) (Harrison & List, 2004). Furthermore, consistent with the dissertation’s ethical standards, all data were kept confidential and reported only in aggregated form or with coded informants’ details (no personal data was revealed).My dissertation can be considered systemic for several reasons. First, it is problem-driven and guided by a real-world problem (Bergmann et al. 2021; Zucca et al. 2021). Second, methodological decisions are based on the best-fit principle to address the research question, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative methods (Helgheim, van der Linden & Teryokhin, 2024). Third, I designed the research questions to advance theory development through a hypothesis-testing approach, using triangulated information to serve this purpose. Fourth, I engaged many actors in the dissertation development to account for the diverse voices and inputs, thereby improving the realism and quality of the data gathered. To this end, I consulted with government officials and technicians to adapt the experimental setting, students to test the experimental adaptations, colleagues and firms’ representatives to test the survey structure, small-scale farmers and firm representatives to collect the information (Norström et al. 2020). Lastly, but not least, my supervision committee broadened my understanding of the problem through their areas of expertise (econometric, psychological, and sustainability) in addition to behavioral and managerial economics (Bergmann et al. 2021; Jahn, Bergmann & Keil, 2012). Thus, the systemic approach permeates all aspects of my dissertation, from problem development to academic supervision.From this systematic foundation, and through three empirical studies, my dissertation presents robust evidence in support of my main argument: collective action is crucial to overcoming the challenges of food sustainability. In the first chapter, I demonstrate that while institutional robustness is crucial for overcoming uncertainty, individual and group dynamics, along withxvtheir features, also play a significant role. In Chapter 2, I demonstrate that while institutions and networks help overcome classical common-pool resource social dilemmas in an asymmetric setting under uncertainty, trust does not seem to have this capacity. Finally, in Chapter 3, I demonstrate that ecological responsiveness motives vary among firms and that certain demographic and motivational variables may have predictive capacity.To organize these findings, my dissertation follows a typical cumulative dissertation structure. The reader will find an extensive introduction that disentangles the problem at stake, outlines the research question, presents the guiding hypothesis, and includes a relevant literature review and the methodological approach. Later, the dissertation continues with a discussion of the three evidence-based research studies I conducted. These are:Chapter 1 - The role of institutional robustness in a collective action dilemma under environmental variations.Chapter 2 - Does uncertainty lead to cooperation or competition in collective action? The role of social capital.Chapter 3 - Firms’ ecological responsiveness motivations: are internal and external drives of pro-environmental initiatives and key firm features potential predictors?My dissertation concludes by synthesizing key findings, providing policy guidance based on these novel insights, and encouraging future researchers to explore collective action research further. Key methodological contributions—including the development of methodological tools, detailed protocols, surveys, and interview guides—are available in the appendices to aid future comparative research across diverse contexts.As you began reading, I would like to take a moment to express my gratitude for your interest in my work. I hope my dissertation earns the time you will invest in reading it. |
| Keywords: | sustainability; agri-food sector; institutional robustness; social capital; ecological responsiveness; food sustainability |
| Date: | 2025–10–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulb:ulbeco:2013/395398 |
| By: | Dasgupta, Susmita; Blankespoor, Brian; Wheeler, David |
| Abstract: | Roads are key drivers of economic growth and form a dominant feature in many landscapes. With road infrastructure steadily expanding—and projections indicating significant growth—it is important to ensure that road construction and upgrades do not trigger direct and indirect biodiversity loss, especially in ecologically sensitive areas. For road infrastructure to contribute meaningfully to both economic development and environmental protection, reliable data on location-specific species distributions, abundance, and conservation status is essential. This paper presents a methodology for identifying road corridors where biodiversity conservation should be a priority for infrastructure planning. Using more than 600, 000 species habitat maps derived from Global Biodiversity Information Facility occurrence records, the approach gives greater attention to plants and invertebrates, which are often overlooked in standard assessments. Designed for multi-processor cloud computing, the system will allow rapid, frequent updates as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility expands. By combining high-resolution species maps with country-specific road corridor maps generated by tailored algorithms, the paper classifies species into four conservation priority groups based on endemism and habitat size—giving highest priority to endemic species with small habitats. The method is applied to 190 countries worldwide. The results indicate that biodiversity risk along road corridors varies widely; endemism strongly influences biodiversity-sensitive road placement; and critical corridors for endemic species with small habitats are relatively few and geographically clustered. These findings suggest that significant gains in biodiversity conservation can be achieved by focusing road planning efforts on a limited number of priority areas, even in countries with constrained budgets. |
| Date: | 2025–10–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:11238 |
| By: | Jacinthe Cloutier; Marie-Ève Gaboury-Bonhomme; William Robitaille; Marie-Claude Roy; Simone Ubertino |
| Abstract: | Mieux comprendre les choix des gestionnaires agricoles au Québec In the current context of climate change, the frequency of extreme events causing crop losses is increasing. Agricultural businesses are subject to uncontrollable and often unpredictable events that can affect their revenues, margins and production. Based on a survey and interviews with farm managers in Quebec, this study seeks to better understand managers' choices regarding crop loss risk management strategies. Between 2018 and 2022, two thirds of farm managers have reported having suffered crop losses that have adversely affected the financial health of their businesses, and 71% anticipated a worsening situation due to climate change. Not all businesses are equal when it comes to risk: more than one third (36.8%) of managers feel in control when making risk management decisions, while more than one quarter (27.7%) see it as a game of chance. Three types of strategies can be combined to manage these risks. Self-management (crop and area diversification and other agricultural practices), resilience (management and planning, training, advice, sharing experiences with peers) and risk sharing and transfer of risks to other entities such as collectives or governments. Crop insurance falls into this category. Three quarters of farm managers have reported having taken out crop insurance for at least one year between 2018 and 2022, although it is often seen as a last resort. Managers' favourable perception of the programme in general and of the level of premiums compared to the compensation received is a key factor in the decision to take out crop insurance, as well as their understanding of the programme and their confidence in it. Insurance advisors and the website of La Financière agricole du Québec (FADQ) are their main sources of information. The study highlights the importance of encouraging farms to combine various risk management strategies and to improve communication about crop insurance and climate risks. Mieux comprendre les choix des gestionnaires agricoles au Québec Dans le contexte actuel de changements climatiques, la fréquence des événements extrêmes qui occasionnent des pertes de culture augmente. Les entreprises agricoles sont soumises à des événements incontrôlables et souvent difficiles à prévoir et qui peuvent affecter leurs revenus, leurs marges et leurs productions. À partir d’un sondage et d’entrevues auprès de gestionnaires agricoles du Québec, cette étude cherche à mieux comprendre les choix des gestionnaires à l’égard des stratégies de gestion des risques de perte de culture. Entre 2018 et 2022, deux tiers des gestionnaires agricoles ont déclaré avoir subi des pertes de récolte ayant nui à la santé financière de leur entreprise et 71 % anticipaient une aggravation liée aux changements climatiques. Les entreprises ne sont pas toutes égales face aux risques: plus du tiers (36, 8 %) des gestionnaires se sentent en contrôle lorsqu’ils prennent des décisions en matière de gestion des risques alors que plus du quart (27, 7 %) le vivent comme un jeu de hasard. Trois types de stratégies peuvent être combinées pour gérer ces risques. L’autogestion à la ferme (diversification des cultures et des zones et autres pratiques agricoles), la résilience (gestion et planification, formation, conseils et partage d'expériences) et le partage des risques et leur transfert vers d’autres entités comme les collectifs ou les gouvernements. L’assurance récolte fait partie de cette catégorie. Les trois quarts des gestionnaires agricoles ont indiqué avoir adhéré à l’assurance récolte au moins une année entre 2018 et 2022, bien qu'elle soit souvent perçue comme une solution de dernier recours. Une perception favorable des gestionnaires face au programme en général et face au niveau de prime par rapport aux indemnités reçues est un facteur clé dans la décision d’adhérer ou non à l’assurance récolte, tout comme la compréhension du programme et la confiance que les gestionnaires lui portent. Les conseillers en assurance et le site de La Financière agricole du Québec (FADQ) sont leurs principales sources d’information. L’étude met en évidence l'importance d’intensifier les efforts pour informer et conseiller les gestionnaires agricoles du Québec sur les programmes d’assurance récolte, mais aussi, de façon plus large, sur les risques climatiques et sur les stratégies pour y faire face. |
| Keywords: | risk management, agriculture, crop losses, crop insurance, Québec, gestion des risques, agriculture, pertes de cultures, assurance récolte, Québec |
| Date: | 2025–10–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cir:cirpro:2025rp-24 |
| By: | Tiantian Yang (Xi’an Jiaotong University); Richard S.J. Tol (University of Sussex) |
| Abstract: | To address the dual environmental challenges of pollution and climate change, China has established multiple environmental markets, including pollution emissions trading, carbon emissions trading, energy-use rights trading, and green electricity trading. Previousempirical studies suffer from known biases arising from time-varying treatment and multipletreatments. To address these limitations, this study adopts a dynamic control group designand combines Difference-in-Difference (DiD) and Artificial Counterfactual (ArCo) empiricalstrategies. Using panel data on A-share listed companies from 2000 to 2024, this studyinvestigates the marginal effects and interactive impacts of multiple environmental marketsimplemented in staggered and overlapping phases. Existing pollution emissions tradingmitigates the negative effects of carbon emission trading. Carbon trading suppresses(improves) financial performance (if implemented alongside energy-use rights trading). Theaddition of energy-use rights or green electricity trading in regions already covered bycarbon or pollution markets has no significant effects. |
| Keywords: | Multiple environmental markets; Policy interactions; Marginal abatement cost;Contamination bias; Artificial Counterfactual; Difference-in-Difference |
| JEL: | Q54 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sus:susewp:0625 |
| By: | Aaron B. Flaaen; Ali Hortaçsu; Felix Tintelnot; Nicolás Urdaneta; Daniel Xu |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the effects of tariffs along the supply chain using product-level data from a large U.S. wine importer in the context of the 2019-2021 U.S. tariffs on European wines. By combining confidential transaction prices with foreign suppliers and U.S. distributors as well as retail prices, we trace price impacts along the supply chain, from foreign producers to U.S. consumers. Although pass-through at the border was incomplete, our estimates indicate that U.S. consumers paid more than the government received in tariff revenue, because domestic markups amplified downstream price effects. The dollar margins per bottle for the importer contracted, but expanded for distributors/retailers. Price effects emerge gradually along the chain, taking roughly one year to materialize at the retail level. Additionally, we find evidence of tariff engineering by the wine industry to avoid duties, leading to composition-driven biases in unit values in standard trade statistics. |
| JEL: | F13 F14 L66 L81 |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:34392 |
| By: | Olivier, Annabelle; Morin, Jean-Frédéric |
| Abstract: | Are climate treaties, like the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) or the Paris Agreement, the only way forward for intergovernmental climate cooperation? By now, there are hundreds of multilateral treaties governing a wide range of environmental issues, including energy, freshwater, oceans, air pollution, biodiversity conservation, hazardous waste, agriculture and fisheries. This policy brief examines whether the 379 multilateral environmental treaties that do not primarily address climate change can nevertheless contribute to advancing climate commitments. We find that decisions adopted under environmental treaties have increasingly mainstreamed climate considerations since 1990. Today, climate-related decisions account for around 10% of regulatory decisions adopted under environmental treaties across different issue areas. Some treaty regimes are particularly active in addressing climate change, such as those focused on energy, freshwater and habitats, with up to 60% of their decisions addressing climate change. In contrast, treaties regulating agriculture and fisheries demonstrate a notably lower level of engagement in climate mainstreaming. These findings demonstrate that environmental treaties that do not specifically focus on climate change can still contribute to shaping climate governance, albeit to varying degrees. This policy brief concludes with a set of recommendations for researchers, treaty negotiators, secretariats, governments and climate activists seeking to advance intergovernmental cooperation on climate change through means other than climate treaties. Key policy messages: Non-climate-focused treaties can serve as a means for developing climate mitigation and adaptation commitments, notably through decisions adopted by their respective bodies. Yet, there is room for increased climate mainstreaming in those decisions. Various actors can contribute to such mainstreaming: • Researchers could further investigate why some conferences of the parties (COPs) are more receptive to climate concerns than others and what potential trade-offs are associated with climate mainstreaming in environmental treaties. • Treaty negotiators can favour cross-cutting mandates that enhance policy coherence across interconnected environmental challenges, enabling a more integrated approach to environmental decision-making. They can also design dynamic collective bodies, able to adopt decisions swiftly when new issues or information arise. • Governments can appoint climate experts in non-climate COPs and advisory committees and report climate-related aspects of their implementation of non-climate treaties. • Treaty secretariats can coordinate joint initiatives and promote knowledge exchange across climate and other environmental regimes. • Climate activists can intensify their engagement with non-climate COPs by participating in consultations, submitting position papers, and collaborating with sympathetic delegates to amplify the climate relevance of treaty decisions. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:idospb:329914 |
| By: | Jo\~ao Zambujal-Oliveira; Andr\'e Silva; Rui Vasconcelos |
| Abstract: | As people become more conscious of their health and the environment, the demand for organic food is expected to increase. However, distinguishing organic products from conventionally produced ones can be hard, creating a problem where producers may have the incentive to label their conventional products as organic to sell them at a higher price. Game theory can help to analyze the strategic interactions between producers and consumers in order to help consumers verifying these claims. Through a game theory analysis approach, this paper provides evidence of the need for a third party to equalize markets and foster trust in organic supply chains. Therefore, government regulation, including regular and random monitoring and certification requirements, plays a crucial role in achieving the desired level of trust and information exchange among supply chain agents, which ultimately determines the growth trajectory of the sector. |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2510.12420 |
| By: | Tahsin Mehdi; René Morissette |
| Abstract: | Using monthly provincial data that cover the period from March 2020 to July 2022, this study quantifies the association between work from home and revenues in the food services and drinking places subsector. Controlling for changes in COVID-19 restrictions and Canadians’ health concerns, the study estimates that an increase of 1 percentage point in the monthly incidence of work from home was associated with a 0.55 percentage point reduction in the monthly growth rate of receipts in food services and drinking places in a given province during that period. Simple calculations based on these estimates suggest that the increase in work from home observed from February 2020 to April 2020 accounted for about one-third of the drop in revenues observed in this subsector between these two months. |
| Keywords: | work from home, telework, restaurants, food services and drinking places, COVID-19 pandemic |
| JEL: | J23 M21 |
| Date: | 2024–10–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:stc:stcp8e:202401000003e |
| By: | Gaëlle Leduc (D-MTEC - Department of Management, Technology, and Economics [ETH Zürich] - ETH Zürich - Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich]); Laure Latruffe (INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, BSE - Bordeaux sciences économiques - UB - Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Adeline Alonso Ugaglia (Bordeaux Sciences Agro - Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine) |
| Abstract: | This note presents the results of a survey of winegrowers in Champagne region in France, on the adoption of resistant grape varieties. The aim of the survey was to identify possible scenarios for the adoption and management of resistant grape varieties in Champagne region (France), and to understand winegrowers' preferences between these different scenarios in terms of individual or collective action for adopting resistant grape varieties. |
| Abstract: | Cette note présente les résultats d'une enquête auprès de viticulteurs champenois sur la plantation de variétés résistantes. L'objectif de l'enquête était d'identifier des scénarios possibles d'intégration et de gestion des variétés résistantes en Champagne, et de comprendre les préférences des viticulteurs entre ces différents scénarios, en termes d'action individuelle ou collective pour la plantation de variétés résistantes. |
| Keywords: | Resistant grape varieties, Champagne -- France, Scenarios, Winegrowers, Champagne, Scénarios, Variétés résistantes, Viticulteurs |
| Date: | 2025–09–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05314795 |
| By: | Jens Abildtrup; Géraldine Bocquého; Kene Boun My; Anne Stenger; Tuyen Tiet |
| Abstract: | We conduct a lab experiment to investigate the impact of voluntary and mandatory joint-bidding schemes on the performance of conservation auctions. Our results suggest that joint bidding increases auction performance compared to the singlebidding baseline. Within the voluntary joint-bidding conditions, a bonus payment incentive improves auction performance by encouraging the subjects to give low bids. However, voluntary joint bidding performs worse than mandatory joint bidding, even with the bonus incentive. Therefore, when implementing voluntary joint bids to ensure high acceptability from landowners compared to mandatory ones, policymakers should carefully consider performance issues. |
| Keywords: | Auction; Conservation; Mandatory; Joint bidding; Voluntary |
| JEL: | C57 C90 D70 Q50 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulp:sbbeta:2025-40 |
| By: | Rok, Jakub; Grodzicki, Maciej; Podsiadło, Martyna |
| Abstract: | The balance between environmental protection and socioeconomic development is a critical policy challenge. Conservation efforts may constrain local development but can also generate benefits beyond nature protection itself, with effects varying across protection regimes and spatial scales. Poland presents a compelling case to examine this trade-off, given its rapid economic growth and significant expansion of PAs in recent decades. This study assesses the relationship between nature protection regimes and local development across Polish municipalities from 2009 to 2022. Using spatial econometric modelling (Spatial Durbin Error Model), we analyse the direct and indirect effects of national parks, nature reserves, and Natura 2000 sites on three dimensions of local development: economic, social, and infrastructural. The most consistent positive effects are observed for economic development in municipalities with high share of national parks and Natura 2000 sites. The effects on infrastructure development are limited: only Natura 2000 sites show a positive direct effect, while negative indirect effects suggest regional competition for investment. The social impacts of protection are predominantly negative, especially for stricter protection regimes. Moreover, these effects extend beyond administrative boundaries, likely due to interlinked labour markets. These findings challenge the notion that conservation uniformly hinders economic development. Instead, they suggest that outcomes differ depending on the protection regime, and that benefits are unevenly distributed – supporting local economic growth while reinforcing social exclusion. The study underscores the need for policies that mitigate social costs and promote more just and integrated development under expanding conservation efforts. |
| Keywords: | conservation policy; protected areas; Local Development; Natura 2000; Protection regime; Spatial spillovers |
| JEL: | Q5 R14 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:126400 |
| By: | Luis Aguiar-Conraria; Vasco J. Gabriel; Luis F. Martins; Anthoulla Phella |
| Abstract: | We use continuous wavelet tools to characterize the dynamics of climate change across time and frequencies. This approach allows us to capture the changing patterns in the relationship between global mean temperature anomalies and climate forcings. Using historical data from 1850 to 2022, we find that greenhouse gases, and CO$_2$ in particular, play a significant role in driving the very low frequency trending behaviour in temperatures, even after controlling for the effects of natural forcings. At shorter frequencies, the effect of forcings on temperatures switches on and off, most likely because of complex feedback mechanisms in Earth's climate system. |
| Date: | 2025–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2509.21334 |
| By: | Maël Ollivier (SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, IEMN-IAE Nantes - Institut d'Économie et de Management de Nantes - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises - Nantes - UN - Université de Nantes) |
| Abstract: | Cette présentation s'intéresse aux conditions de développement d'un label de bioéconomie circulaire territoriale (BecT) qui valorise les coproduits et produits biosourcés au niveau local. La méthodologie utilisée combine une revue de littérature académique, qui formalise un cadre pour la BecT et analyse les perceptions et les attentes des consommateurs vis-à-vis des produits et filières biosourcés, complétée par une enquête exploratoire permettant de confronter ces résultats théoriques aux réalités du terrain. Les résultats révèlent que le niveau de connaissance des consommateurs demeure insuffisant. L'ancrage territorial s'impose comme le critère déterminant, les consommateurs privilégient la proximité géographique aux pratiques environnementales déterritorialisées. Enfin, ce travail met en lumière plusieurs enseignements : il est essentiel de sensibiliser les consommateurs aux notions techniques telles que « biosourcé » et « coproduits », de garantir un cadre réglementaire clair et transparent, et de s'inspirer des labels existants (SIQO) pour assurer l'acceptabilité sociale d'un futur label de bioéconomie circulaire territoriale (BecT). |
| Keywords: | Bioéconomie, Coproduits, Territoire, Bioéconomie circulaire territoriale, Label, Acceptabilité, Perception consommateurs |
| Date: | 2025–08–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05318359 |
| By: | Challender, Dan; Hughes, Alice C.; Sas-Rolfes, Michael 't; Hinsley, Amy |
| Abstract: | Growing concern over the scale of unregulated wildlife trade has led to calls for fundamental changes to systems of species protection. A proposed “reverse listing” approach would ban the harvest and trade of all wild species, except those for which trade can be demonstrated to be sustainable. We evaluate the feasibility of this approach on an international scale and discuss policy solutions. Adopting reverse listing would not be straightforward; key issues include the social legitimacy of resulting laws, ensuring effective law enforcement, and the treatment of trade from alternative (i.e., non-wild) sources. Reverse listing is not a panacea for protecting biodiversity from overexploitation, and a combination of approaches is needed to effectively regulate the world’s wildlife trade. |
| Date: | 2025–10–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:759fk_v1 |
| By: | Abdelhakim Hammoudi (UMR PSAE - Paris-Saclay Applied Economics - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Environ un quart de la production alimentaire mondiale est perdue, avec 25 % à 50 % de nourriture jetée tout au long de la chaîne d'approvisionnement. Or il existe un lien entre pertes alimentaires et disponibilité de l'offre d'une part, et capacité des systèmes alimentaires à assurer la sécurité alimentaire mondiale d'autre part. Ces constats confortent l'urgence à concevoir des politiques concrètes de lutte contre les pertes alimentaires post-récoltes. Dans ce billet qui reprend les principaux résultats d'un article publié dans la Revue d'économie politique, nous proposons une politique de Standard Logistique Minimum qui vise à limiter les sous-investissements logistiques le long de la chaîne de production et distribution, dont nous évaluons l'efficacité non seulement dans la réduction des pertes alimentaires, mais également par rapport aux effets collatéraux en termes de prix, d'offre et d'exclusion des producteurs. |
| Date: | 2024–05–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05302137 |
| By: | Lehner, Lukas; Massenbauer, Hannah (University of Zurich); Parolin, Zachary (The Institute for New Economic Thinking at the Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford); Pintro Schmitt, Rafael (University of California, Berkeley) |
| Abstract: | We study the effects of minimum wage (MW) increases on poverty and food hardship in the United States from 1981–2019 using stacked difference-in-differences models and the Supplemental Poverty Measure. A $1 MW increase reduces poverty by 0.3–0.7 percentage points among all working-age adults and 1.2–1.7 percentage points among likely MW workers, while also reducing food insufficiency by 1.5 percentage points for this group. Effects on poverty are partially offset by higher living costs in MW-increasing states. MW increases meaningfully reduce poverty and food hardship for the workers most directly affected but deliver modest improvements for the broader working-age population. |
| Keywords: | minimum wages, poverty, food hardship, stacked difference-in-differences |
| JEL: | I32 I38 J23 J38 J88 |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:amz:wpaper:2025-23 |
| By: | Amandine Belard (Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, UMR G-EAU - Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - BRGM - Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - AgroParisTech - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Stefano Farolfi (Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, UMR G-EAU - Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - BRGM - Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - AgroParisTech - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Damien Jourdain (Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, UMR G-EAU - Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - AgroParisTech - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Mark Manyanga (UZ - University of Zimbabwe, SENS - Savoirs, ENvironnement et Sociétés - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - UMPV - Université de Montpellier Paul-Valéry); Tarisayi Pedzisa (UZ - University of Zimbabwe); Marc Willinger (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier, CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - FRE2010 - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - UM - Université de Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | Community-based development (CBD) projects have long emphasized a bottom-up approach. For CBD initiatives to succeed, communities must harness their social capital, organize themselves, and actively engage in development processes. While CBD proponents highlight the promotion of social capital through community-based projects, critics argue that their effectiveness relies on pre-existing levels of trust, trustworthiness, and community interactions. To contribute to this debate, we investigate the selection bias regarding social capital induced by the recruitment strategy of an NGO in Zimbabwe. We look at differences between selected beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries in terms of pro-social behaviors, measured by incentivized games, and in terms of social networks. We also use this information to test whether being part of the same networks translates into increased trust, altruistic behaviors, and willingness to participate in collective action. Our study, conducted in 2022 in the rural district of Murehwa, Zimbabwe, comprised a survey and lab-in-the-field experiments (trust game, public good game, dictator game) involving 341 subjects. Findings showed that selected beneficiaries exhibit higher network density than non-beneficiaries. However, except for a partial experimental measure of trustworthiness, we observed no significant differences in prosocial behavior between the two groups before project implementation. The results suggest that although selected beneficiaries are more socially connected, they do not exhibit higher prosocial behaviors. These findings shed light on the common selection process used by development agencies and the inherent bias they introduce. To address this bias, development agencies should reconsider recruitment strategies that prioritize existing social ties, as they may unintentionally exclude less-connected community members. Instead, they should explore alternative selection approaches, such as the use of field data to ensure inclusiveness. Additionally, integrating trust-building activities at the beginning of projects could enhance cooperation among participants. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05314443 |
| By: | Robert Reinhardt (Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne) |
| Abstract: | In analyzing the socio-economic impacts of extreme events, it is essential to consider the effects and interactions of climatic variables at the local level. The Platform for Economic Analysis of Climate Hazards (PEACH) combines preexisting datasets to a globally applicable framework to assess socioeconomic effects from 14 continental climate impact drivers (CID), following the IPCC report, and 3 geophysical hazards. The spatial resolution is on a 10 × 10 km grid for each month between 2000 and 2019, with full coverage between 2004 and 2015. Six commonly used socio-economic variables are added including annual population, nighttime-light and normalized-differenced vegetation index. Unlike previous datasets, it avoids imposing thresholds for inclusion whenever possible, enabling the exploration of response and damage functions based on the intensity of shocks |
| Keywords: | Climate change; extreme events, development |
| JEL: | Q54 C80 Q56 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mse:cesdoc:25022 |
| By: | Giovanni Dosi; Federico Riccio; Maria Enrica Virgillito |
| Abstract: | This paper examines how the fragmentation of production across Global Value Chains (GVCs) generates both economic and environmental inequalities. Building on the "smile curve" framework (Mudambi, 2008; Meng et al., 2020), we show that developing countries specialize in low-value-added, high-emission production stages, while advanced economies capture high-value, low-emission activities like R&D and design (Riccio et al., 2025). Using OECD ICIO and CO2 emissions data, we demonstrate that GVC integration exacerbates a "double harm": production workers -particularly in middle-stage manufacturing- face wage suppression, while these same stages exhibit higher carbon intensity per unit of value added. This aligns with the Pollution Haven Hypothesis (Cole, 2004), as emissions are displaced to regions with weaker regulations. Our analysis reveals an environmental smile curve, where environmental and economic downgrading co-occur in middle segments of GVCs, reinforcing global inequalities. These disparities intensify with deeper GVC penetration, challenging the decoupling narrative of green growth. By integrating labour and emissions data, we provide novel evidence of how GVCs structurally embed unequal ecological and economic burdens. |
| Keywords: | Smile Curve, Ecological Economics, Global Value Chain, Embodied emissions, Environmental and Income Inequality. |
| Date: | 2025–10–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ssa:lemwps:2025/35 |
| By: | Masanori Matsuura-Kannari (Institute of Developing Economies-Japan External Trade Organization); Shu Tian (Asian Development Bank); Abu Hayat Md. Saiful Islam (Bangladesh Agricultural University); Salauddin Tauseef (International Food Policy Research Institute) |
| Abstract: | A persistent disparity has been observed in the social and economic development of women, particularly evident in South Asia's lower female labor force participation. This study investigates how mobile phone ownership can overcome this disadvantage. Using an instrumental variable approach and comprehensive household panel dataset from rural Bangladesh, we show that women’s mobile phone ownership is significantly associated with an increase in their off-farm income, attributable to an enhancement in the likelihood of offfarm employment. Moreover, the findings demonstrate that the adoption of mobile phones has the potential benefits being distributed equitably across various levels of education, wealth, and remoteness. The findings, as corroborated by a series of robustness checks, underscore the importance of digitalization in promoting inclusive development. |
| Keywords: | mobile phones;off-farm income;off-farm employment;female employment;rural;Bangladesh |
| JEL: | J16 O12 |
| Date: | 2025–10–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbewp:021685 |