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on Agricultural Economics |
| By: | Bliznashka, Lilia; Dione, Malick; Zagré, Rock Romaric; Boniface, Simon; Dinssa, Fekadu; Mwambi, Mercy; Mbwambo, Omary; Mwombeki, Wiston; Jeremiah, Kidola; Malindisa, Evangelista; Kinabo, Joyce; Cunningham, Kenda; Olney, Deanna K.; Kumar, Neha |
| Abstract: | In Tanzania, fruit and vegetable (F&V) production is the fastest growing agricultural subsector.1 Production is concentrated among smallholder farmers who face numerous barriers which hamper intensification. These include lack of quality inputs, insufficient financing, limited access to subsidies, limited extension services, and limited and unreliable access to markets. The CGIAR Research Initiative on Fruit and Vegetables for Sustainable Healthy Diets (FRESH), now under the CGIAR Science Program on Better Diets and Nutrition (BDN) Area of Work 3, is testing the effectiveness of its end-to-end approach in Northern Tanzania.2 This approach, described in more detail in Research Brief 1, combines demand, food environment, and supply interventions to increase desirability, affordability, accessibility, and availability of F&V. The supply interventions are designed to address known barriers faced by F&V farmers. For example, the provision of climate-resilient vegetable cultivars tackles the lack of quality inputs, whereas training on safe and sustainable vegetable production, including integrated pest management, tackles limited extension services. The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and partners are conducting a longitudinal evaluation to assess the impact of the FRESH end-to-end approach in Tanzania on household vegetable production and F&V intake among women of reproductive age. The evaluation is being conducted among 2, 611 households living in 33 villages in five districts in the Arusha and Kilimanjaro regions. In this research brief, we describe baseline findings on the production of vegetables, fruit, and staple crops and the inputs used in production among different types of farming households in the study area. |
| Keywords: | capacity building; vegetables; fruits; staple foods; crop production; farming systems; Tanzania; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Eastern Africa |
| Date: | 2025–07–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:175687 |
| By: | Goyal, Meghna; Hickel, Jason; Jha, Praveen |
| Abstract: | Agri-food systems are increasingly globalised. In the last three decades, as national food systems have become more interdependent, the distribution of productive activities and economic value between different actors and countries has changed. Prior research on domestic agri-food value chains has shown that the farm share of food-system income has declined consistently, while post-farmgate sectors capture the majority of income. Market concentration in post-farmgate sectors is high in industrialised economies and is driving food-system transformations in developing economies. Here, we extend this analysis to assess the global distributional consequences of food-system transformations for the first time. We use multi-regional input-output data to disaggregate food expenditures between different countries and sectors across agri-food value chains, from 1995 to 2020. We arrive at several main findings: 1) agricultural production for food and industrial inputs has increasingly shifted to the global South, 2) global food-system income is increasingly captured by post-farm activities in the global North, and 3) a substantial share of food-system income is captured in low-tax jurisdictions with low agricultural production. These findings demonstrate that the contemporary agri-food system and agricultural trade are skewing the distribution of economic returns away from agricultural producers in the global South. |
| Keywords: | value chain; food systems; distribution; agriculture; unequal exchange |
| JEL: | J1 |
| Date: | 2025–09–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:129466 |
| By: | Khakimov, Parviz; Aragie, Emerta A.; Goibov, Manuchehr; Ashurov, Timur |
| Abstract: | Findings of World Bank study (WB, SRAS Project 2021) indicates that lack of sufficient quantity and quality of seeds, seedlings, and planting materials in domestic market is one of the critical issues affecting farmers income and food security. Most donor projects provide direct extension support to farmers on multiplying and adopting seeds and seedlings. The local capacity to generate new varieties and planting materials remains low and over 50 percent of all agricultural inputs are imported. The capacity to test new varieties of crops for their adaptation to soils and climate in the country is also lacking, and in general the regular testing of new varieties, whether domestically developed or imported, is not conducted. Between 2016-2019, the share of public agriculture expenditure on inputs distribution to the farmers (0.04 percent or 0.81 million Tajik Somoni) and development of seeds and seedlings (0.8 percent or 16.64 million Tajik Somoni) were low (Khakimov et al. 2024). |
| Keywords: | investment; markets; food systems; farm inputs; seeds; agriculture; Tajikistan; Asia; Central Asia |
| Date: | 2025–06–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ceaspb:33 |
| By: | Philippine Coeugnet (LISIS - Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Sciences, Innovations, Sociétés - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Université Gustave Eiffel, GABI - Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Julie Labatut (LISIS - Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Sciences, Innovations, Sociétés - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Université Gustave Eiffel, GABI - Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Michèle Tixier-Boichard (GABI - Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Xavier X Rognon (GABI - Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Sophie Allais (PEGASE - Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Nicolas Bédère (PEGASE - Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Isabelle Goldringer (GQE-Le Moulon - Génétique Quantitative et Evolution - Le Moulon (Génétique Végétale) - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Gwendal Restoux (GABI - Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | The agroecological transition requires a better coupling of animal and plant productions to take advantage of reciprocal benefits. However, poultry farming is often disconnected from crop production at both farm and regional levels. Additionally, current breeds and varieties may struggle to adapt to the variable and heterogeneous environments often found in agroecological systems. Furthermore, the agroecological transition requires a shift in research practices, including the active engagement of non-scientific stakeholders to ensure effective field implementation. In this context, this study aimed to co-design agroecological systems integrating poultry with crops or fruit trees to enhance ecosystem services. The goal was to refine breeding objectives and optimize poultry sector organization in terms of feeding, genetics, and economics. To achieve this, we conducted semi-structured interviews with farmers across France who are experimenting with innovative practices in more integrated systems. Initial findings show that poultry-crop systems offer multiple benefits, including diversification, food autonomy, and biological pest control. However, they also present challenges, particularly due to unsuitable regulations and equipment. While farmers' satisfaction with current poultry genetics varies, all farmers seek greater independence from dominant industry players. Achieving this goal necessitates collaboration between, breeders, farmers and local stakeholders at the regional level. Building on this observation, we applied the DKCP (Define-Knowledge-Concept-Proposal) method to facilitate knowledge sharing and explore innovative ideas during a codesign process. This phase involved a group of organic farmers in the Massif Central, a mid-altitude region in central France. |
| Keywords: | Plant poultry systems, Participatory selection, Innovative design method, Poultry farming |
| Date: | 2025–08–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05266781 |
| By: | Wagner, Julia; de Brauw, Alan; Bloem, Jeffrey R.; Ambler, Kate |
| Abstract: | Agriculture remains the backbone of rural economies across much of both Sub-Saharan Africa and South and Southeast Asia, employing 54 and 43 percent of the workforce, respectively, and providing livelihoods for most of the rural poor (GSMA, 2020; Nair and Varghese, 2020). Yet, financial transactions in agri-food value chains continue to rely overwhelmingly on cash. The 2021 Global Findex survey finds that most adults in low- and middle-income countries who were paid for agricultural products received their payment in cash. On average, one in four recipients, and fewer than one in six in Sub-Saharan Africa, received agricultural payments into an account (Nair and Varghese, 2020; Demirgüç-Kunt et al., 2022). This reliance on cash introduces a range of inefficiencies and risks, including high transaction costs, security vulnerabilities, lack of transparency, and exclusion from formal financial services (BTCA, 2023a). Digitalizing agricultural payments offers a promising solution to these challenges. Digital financial ser vices (DFS) for the agriculture sector, including mobile money, e-wallets, digital banking, digital credit, savings products, insurance, and e-commerce solutions tailored to agricultural value chains, can facilitate safer, faster, and more transparent transactions while simultaneously connecting farmers and intermediary actors to broader financial ecosystems (GSMA, 2020). By digitalizing payments, farmers can build verifiable financial histories that enable access to formal credit and insurance markets, manage income more effectively, and reduce the risks associated with cash handling. For agribusinesses, digital payments offer substantial operational efficiencies: they lower cash handling costs, improve procurement transparency, support traceability initiatives crucial for compliance with international sustainability standards, and enhance supplier loyalty through faster and more reliable payment processes (Beaman et al., 2014; Nair and Varghese, 2020; BTCA, 2023a). |
| Keywords: | agriculture; value chains; digital technology; rural economics; finance |
| Date: | 2025–07–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprwp:175632 |
| By: | HarvestPlus |
| Abstract: | In 2024, the Global South continued to face food and nutrition insecurity driven by conflict, economic shocks, forced displacement, and climate extremes. Malnutrition persists at high levels, especially among children, while funding for solutions is declining. A fundamental rethink is needed about how to sustainably meet the food and nutrition needs of vulnerable populations. At HarvestPlus, we are acting urgently to scale up nutrients in diets in Asia, Africa, and South America. By the end of 2024, over 360 million people benefited from more nutritious diets through biofortified foods—a nine percent increase over last year. There is an additional reach of biofortified crops through organizations like International Potato Center (CIP), The Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, IITA, and others civil society actors which is heartening to note. We continued to empower women smallholder farmers along the value chain with knowledge, business skills, and opportunities. They are driving change by developing and marketing nutrientenriched foods within their communities, making their local food systems more resilient. Improving the nutrition of children and adolescents is a vital focus of our work. This year, we strengthened local supply chains and facilitated the inclusion of home-grown nutritious crops in school meal programs. As a result, over one million schoolchildren in Asia and Africa had access to meals enriched with biofortified foods. These efforts, combined with our delivery of nutrition education, are shaping healthier, more productive futures. A special thank you to Chef Sanjeev Kapoor for championing this work in India under our Nutri-Pathshala school meal model. Partnerships with CGIAR centers and national agricultural research and extension systems (NARES) enabled the release of 12 new biofortified crop varieties in five countries in 2024. These varieties provide farmers with competitive yields and more nutrients—adding diversity to the agricultural system while enriching the food system. By boosting supply and demand, we are making nutrient-rich foods more affordable, available, and accessible for the most vulnerable. Our delivery models scale innovations like biofortification and other nutritious crops and technologies rapidly and at low cost, ensuring they reach those who need them most and create impact at scale. In Pakistan, over 50 percent of wheat grain production is now zinc-enriched, funded primarily through public and private seed sector investments. In Nigeria, over 10 million people are consuming vitamin A maize on farms, with the private sector playing a major role in its scaleup. Going forward, these delivery models will be deployed through our scaling arm, HarvestPlus Solutions. We are encouraged by strong interest from the private sector in partnering with HarvestPlus Solutions. These partnerships are central to our long-term development work, particularly in the current funding environment. In 2024, we continued to transition HarvestPlus’ delivery and commercialization work to HarvestPlus Solutions and its network of partners. Sustainability is at the core of our approach, where local actors lead local solutions at the last mile. Our progress in 2024 is thanks to the collective dedication and passion of our team, partners, and donors. We have come a long way, but there’s still more to do. With continued support, we can deepen our impact, accelerate innovation, and nourish millions more. |
| Keywords: | impact; livelihoods; scaling up; nutrition |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:annrep:176137 |
| By: | Ndegwa, Michael K.; Ward, Patrick S.; Shee, Apurba; You, Liangzhi |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we examine the role of credit in enhancing rural households’ food security and resilience. In so doing, we consider resilience as a higher order capacity outcome, different from traditional development outcomes associated with households’ or individuals’ welfare. We evaluate the effectiveness of two types of agricultural production credit products, one a traditional credit and one that is linked to rainfall index insurance to protect borrowers against the adverse effects of drought. Based on a randomized controlled trial conducted in Machakos county, Kenya, we report both intent-to-treat effects as well as local average treatment effects to demonstrate the impacts of these credit products not only among borrowers, but the broader effects of expanding rural credit markets. We see generally low levels of food security resilience among our sampled households, but we find compelling evidence that credit and expanded credit markets more broadly had beneficial impacts on enhancing households’ food security and resilience. Despite the differences in the two credit products being evaluated, we do not find an appreciable difference in the effects of the two credit types, concluding that the expansion of affordable agricultural credit markets should be among the key policy tools for building resilience among rural smallholders. |
| Keywords: | credit; food security; insurance; resilience; smallholders; Kenya; Africa; Eastern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa |
| Date: | 2025–08–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:175990 |
| By: | Khakimov, Parviz; Aragie, Emerta A.; Goibov, Manuchehr; Ashurov, Timur |
| Abstract: | Irrigation and timely access to sufficient volumes of water are vital to increase crops productivity, rural incomes, and food security (FAO 2023; World Bank 2021). In Tajikistan, irrigation sector faces several challenges and constraints such as: aged, poorly maintained infrastructure and poor management system that led low-quality irrigation services; limited investment in drainage infrastructure, inadequate maintenance, poor water management, and harmful irrigation practices that led salinization and waterlogging in some irrigated areas. In addition, the ongoing process of climate change and rising temperatures will increase crop water demands, while water supply reliability will decline, leading to more-severe, more-frequent water stress. The minimum required operation and maintenance on irrigation infrastructure estimated to be about US$35 million per year. Around 85 percent of cultivated land is irrigated and provides more than 90 percent of the total value of crop production. Since independence, the condition and performance of irrigation infrastructure has declined because of severe underfinancing. More than 40 percent of irrigated areas depend on pumping (the highest dependency in Central Asia), and many high-lift, high-volume pumping stations are in poor condition. Pumping is inefficient (~0.28 kWh/m3, which accounts for 20 percent of total national electricity use). The economic productivity of irrigation is among the lowest 5 percent of countries in the world (~0.21 USD/m) because of high water loss, predominance of low-value crops, and low yields. Irrigation is heavily subsidized but still underfunded. Between 2016 and 2019, the share of public agriculture expenditure on irrigation infrastructure was high (44.6 percent or 880.3 million Tajik Somoni). Irrigation is financed through direct transfers for electricity, government subsidies for pumping station staff costs, revenue from irrigation service fees, WUA membership fees (for on-farm operations and maintenance), and donor investments. More than 60 percent of irrigation capital expenditures (including flood protection) is donor financed (Khakimov et al. 2024; World Bank. SWIM Project 2022). |
| Keywords: | investment; infrastructure; agrifood systems; early warning systems; irrigation; Tajikistan; Asia; Central Asia |
| Date: | 2025–06–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ceaspb:35 |
| By: | Laura Peralta (BETA, University of Strasbourg); Marie Boltz (BETA, University of Strasbourg); Philippe Delacote (BETA, Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Climate Economics Chair); Kenneth Houngbedji (DIAL, LEDa, CNRS, IRD, Université Paris-Dauphine); Julien Jacob (BETA, University of Strasbourg) |
| Abstract: | We examine the environmental impacts of legal provisions to restore land rights for populations displaced by armed conflict, focusing on Colombia’s Land Restitution Law. Leveraging annual satellite data on forest cover loss, detailed records of the timing and location of restitution claims, and a staggered difference-in-differences strategy, we find that land restitution is associated with increased tree cover loss. Importantly, this effect is not driven by deforestation in primary forests, but rather by forest loss in areas formerly used for agriculture. These findings highlight the environmental trade-offs inherent in post-conflict land reforms. While restoring land rights is critical for transitional justice and economic recovery, attention to environmental outcomes is essential to ensure sustainable and equitable reconstruction. |
| Keywords: | Deforestation, Land rights, Internal conflict, Colombia |
| JEL: | O12 O13 O17 D74 |
| Date: | 2025–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dia:wpaper:dt202506 |
| By: | Honeycutt, Sydney; Wyatt, Amanda; Lundy, Mark; Brouwer, Inge D. |
| Abstract: | From 2022-2024, the CGIAR Research Initiative on Sustainable Healthy Diets through Food Systems Transformation (SHiFT) combined high-quality nutritional and social science research with development and policy partnerships to generate innovative food systems solutions that contributed to sustainable healthy diets. Through a country-led approach, SHiFT supported the design and implementation of national food systems transformation activities in Viet Nam, Ethiopia, and Bangladesh, aiming to achieve sustainable healthy diets while also working toward improved livelihoods, gender equity, and social inclusion. Following the 2021 United Nations Food Systems Summit (UNFSS), countries were encouraged to define pathways for transforming their food systems to align with the 2030 Agenda and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).2 Many countries have since developed national action plans to operationalize these pathways, requiring coordinated multisectoral efforts. SHiFT contributed to this process by generating evidence and supporting national stakeholders in developing context-specific food systems solutions. This brief introduces SHiFT’s country engagement strategy and explains how SHiFT supported collaborative pathways and processes in each target country during its initial phase. Consumers and Food Environments, Area of Work 1 in the new CGIAR Science Program on Better Diets and Nutrition, will build upon the SHiFT approach starting in 2025 through 2030. |
| Keywords: | food systems; healthy diets; nutrition; sustainability; transformation; Vietnam; Ethiopia; Bangladesh; Asia; South-eastern Asia; Africa; Eastern Africa; Southern Asia; Sub-Saharan Africa |
| Date: | 2025–07–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:175794 |
| By: | Marivoet, Wim; Diatta, Ampa Dogui; Thomas, Timothy S.; Ferguson, Nathaniel; Bryan, Elizabeth |
| Abstract: | This country brief supports GCAN's goal of integrating gender, climate resilience, and nutrition considerations into policies, interventions, and research by providing policymakers, program officers, and researchers with an analysis of Senegal’s current situation and policy landscape in these areas. In 2019, the agrifood system of Senegal accounted for 36% of total GDP and employed 43% of the total work force. The off-farm components (i.e., processing, trade/transport, food services, and input supply) are slightly more (less) important than primary agriculture in terms of GDP (employment), which implies that labor productivity is higher for off-farm activities. The most important value chains as a percentage of total agrifood system’s GDP are groundnuts (15%), cattle/dairy (14%), and sorghum/millet and fish (both around 11%) (Diao et al. 2023). In part due to important food losses observed during storage and distribution, Senegal’s agrifood system is generally failing to provide nutritious and affordable diets to its population. In fact, total food supplies are dominated by energy-dense food items, with supplies in fruit and pulses amounting to only 55 and 15 grams per capita per day, respectively, resulting in 50% of all Senegalese being unable to afford a healthy diet in 2022. |
| Keywords: | agrifood systems; climate change; climate resilience; gender; nutrition; policies; Senegal; Africa; Western Africa |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:gcanip:173369 |
| By: | Sharma, Kriti; Kumar, Anjani; Agrawal, R.C. |
| Abstract: | Farmers in India continue to be deprived of adequate and timely institutional credit. The Kisan Credit Card (KCC) scheme, introduced in 1998, sought to address this issue by providing credit support under a single window with simplified procedure. Using a panel data of 2, 586 farming households from five states in Eastern India, namely, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Odisha, and West Bengal in 2018 and 2023, we examine the determinants of access to KCC and its credit limit. We also analyze the impact of KCC on farmers’ input usage, dependence on moneylenders and farm income using propensity score weighted fixed effects model which controls for selection bias and unobservable time-invariant heterogeneities. We find that farmers’ participation in agricultural training, demonstrations and development programs encourage farmers to adopt KCC. Furthermore, KCC access increases farmers’ input usage and reduces their dependence on money lenders. This evidence comes from an economically challenged region whose economy significantly depends on agriculture. The findings of the study raise concerns over the limited penetration of the scheme among smaller-scale farmers and provide key insights into the underlying issues hindering the efficacious functioning of the scheme. |
| Keywords: | agricultural training; credit; smallholders; input output analysis; India; Asia; Southern Asia |
| Date: | 2025–07–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:175793 |
| By: | Giner, Céline; Nauges, Céline; Hassett, Katherine |
| Abstract: | This analysis uses OECD survey data from over 8, 000 households in nine countries. The paper analyses household profiles via latent class analysis on the basis of both diet composition, as well as purchasing habits for products that are generally perceived to be environmentally sustainable. Results reveal four main household profiles that are distinguished by different broad patterns in these two behaviours. Household profiles are found to differ in terms of their socio-demographic characteristics and attitudes towards the environment, as well as with respect to their level of support for various food policies. Interestingly, results regarding the relationship between environmental attitudes and red meat consumption may suggest the existence of another “meat paradox” in the sense that one group of respondents reports high levels of environmental concern but also a high frequency of meat consumption |
| Keywords: | food choices; meat consumption; environment-friendly products; public policies; ; cognitive dissonance; latent-class analysis |
| Date: | 2025–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tse:wpaper:130907 |
| By: | Marcelo Caffera; Emilio Aguirre; Juan Baraldo; Hugo Laguna |
| Abstract: | As global demand for beef increases, balancing livestock productivity with environmental sustainability has become a policy priority. In response, Uruguay implemented the Sustainable Family Production Program (PFIS). Between 2015 and 2017, this program provided support to small and medium-sized cattle farmers to invest in technologies and management practices aimed at enhancing both productivity and climate resilience. This study provides the first causal evaluation of a national program designed to promote these dual objectives in the cattle sector. We assess the effect of PFIS on three outcomes: (i) technology adoption, (ii) productivity, and (iii) greenhouse gas emissions intensity. To identify causal effects, we use a regression discontinuity design based on a strict eligibility threshold, using panel data from producers between 2015 and 2020. Although we found no statistically significant effects on beef productivity per hectare or greenhouse gas emissions intensity during the study period, the program significantly increased adoption of good reproductive and herd management practices, including early weaning, controlled mating, and ovarian activity diagnosis. These results highlight both the potential and the limitations of integrated technology transfer programs in promoting sustainable intensification of extensive livestock systems. They also suggest the need for longer-term evaluations to capture potential impacts on productivity and emissions that may emerge as these technologies, particularly reproductive ones, influence aggregate outcomes. |
| Keywords: | Impact Evaluation; Livestock; Technology Adoption; Rural development |
| JEL: | Q12 Q16 D24 Q57 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mnt:wpaper:2502 |
| By: | Jean-Francois Dewals (AMURE - Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - UBO - Université de Brest - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Sterenn Lucas (SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Fabienne Daures (AMURE - Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - UBO - Université de Brest - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Pascal Le Floc’h (AMURE - Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - UBO - Université de Brest - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Kilian Heutte (AMURE - Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - UBO - Université de Brest - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | Labels are currently numerous and diverse in the fishery and aquaculture products (FAPs) market, providing consumers with information about the different attributes of FAPs. This extensive development implies that consumers have to face trade-off situations. This paper aims (1) to identify which labels are most valued by consumers when they face a trade-off situation, (2) to study the consumption profiles behind these preferences and (3) to suggest ways of improving the efficiency of labelling policies. Based on a survey conducted in 2021 (n = 1 427), this article describes FAPs consumers' preferences for labelled FAPs. To do so, each consumer was asked to rank their favourite scheme from a pool of nine hypothetical labels related to specific FAPs characteristics. Then, we used a mixed multinomial logit model (MMLM) with marginal effects to analyse consumption profiles. Our results show heterogeneity among consumers regarding labelled FAPs. Overall, labels that ensure intrinsic qualities remain preferred to labels linked to ethical considerations. Moreover, while preferences for domestic productions are prominent, there is a very wide gap with real purchasing behaviour. Furthermore, this study shows that personal motivation, age, gender, knowledge or place of residence influence the preferences expressed. Labels are a policy tool used to reform the FAPs value chain. Nevertheless, they are struggling to achieve their objectives. Our results can be useful for better targeting the messages to be implemented, improving the efficiency of labelling policies and helping consumers to make informed and sustainable choices |
| Keywords: | Multinomial mixed logit model, France, Seafood, Consumers’ preferences, Labelling schemes, Multiple choices |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04678630 |
| By: | Sawhney, Aparna; Sma, Abdelkarim; Pradhan, Mamata; Kamar, Abul; Roy, Devesh |
| Abstract: | Climate change being a global environmental problem, a cooperative approach involving all the sovereign countries is required to achieve an optimal solution. Caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere, including carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and hydrofluorocarbons, climate change has global effects that are independent of the geographical sources of these emissions. However, the adverse impacts of global warming and extreme weather events associated with climate change are not uniformly distributed, as vulnerable populations in less-developed countries bear the brunt of the damage. Some of these climate-vulnerable nations contribute less than 1 per cent of global GHG emissions, including Bhutan (0.0057%), Sri Lanka (0.072%), Nepal (0.105%), and Bangladesh (0.522%) in South Asia. |
| Keywords: | climate-smart agriculture; climate change; extreme weather events; greenhouse gases; strategies; scaling up; Asia; Southern Asia |
| Date: | 2025–07–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprwp:175781 |
| By: | Luc Doyen (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); M.D. Smith (Nicholas School of the Environment - Duke University [Durham]); Ussif Rashid Sumalia (UBC - University of British Columbia [Canada]); Georges Zaccour (HEC Montréal - HEC Montréal); Ivar Ekeland (CEREMADE - CEntre de REcherches en MAthématiques de la DEcision - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Philippe Cury (UMR MARBEC - MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation - MARBEC - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier); Christophe Lett (UMR MARBEC - MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation - MARBEC - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier); Olivier Thébaud (AMURE - Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - UBO - Université de Brest - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); J.-C Poggiale (MIO - Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - UTLN - Université de Toulon - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Ali Moussaoui (Université Aboubekr Belkaid de Tlemcen = University of Belkaïd Abou Bekr [Tlemcen]); J.-M Fromentin (UMR MARBEC - MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation - MARBEC - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier); Sophie Gourguet (AMURE - Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - UBO - Université de Brest - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Patrice Guillotreau (UMR MARBEC - MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation - MARBEC - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier); Helene Gomes (AZTI - Centro de Investigación Marina y Alimentaria); Pierre Courtois (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Robert Schaap (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Fabian Blanchard (LEEISA - Laboratoire Ecologie, Evolution, Interactions des Systèmes amazoniens - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - UG - Université de Guyane - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Catherine Rainer (LMBA - Laboratoire de Mathématiques de Bretagne Atlantique - UBS - Université de Bretagne Sud - UBO - Université de Brest - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Mabel Tidball (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Mathieu Cuilleret (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Théo Villain (iEES Paris - Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - SU - Sorbonne Université - UPEC UP12 - Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Frédéric Ménard (MIO - Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - UTLN - Université de Toulon - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Tewfik Sari (UMR ITAP - Technologies et Méthodes pour les Agricultures de demain - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | Reconciling food security, economic development, and biodiversity conservation in the face of global changes is a major challenge. The sustainable uses of marine biodiversity in the context of climate change, invasive species, water pollution, and demographic growth is an example of this bio-economic challenge. There is a need for quantitative methods, models, scenarios, and indicators to support policies addressing this issue. Although bio-economic models for marine resources date back to the 1950s and are still used in fisheries management and policy design, they need major improvements, extensions, and breakthroughs. This paper proposes to design a Mathematical Bio-Economics 2.0 (MBE2) for Sustainable Fisheries to advance the development of bio-economic models and scenarios for the management of fisheries and marine ecosystems confronted with unprecedented global change. These models and scenarios should make both ecological and socioeconomic sense while being well-posed mathematically and numerically. To achieve this, we propose to base the MBE2 framework for Sustainable Fisheries on four research axes regarding the mathematics and modeling of: (i) ecosystem-based fisheries management; (ii) criteria of sustainability; (iii) criteria of resilience; and (iv) governance and strategic interactions. The associated methodology of MBE2 draws mainly on dynamic systems theory, optimal and viable controls of systems, game theory, and stochastic approaches. Our analysis, which is based on these four axes, allows us to identify the main methodological gaps to fill compared to current models for fisheries management. | IntroductionBalancing biodiversity conservation with food security and the preservation of a broader set of ecosystem services (ESs), in a context of ecological transition and climate change, is one of the greatest challenges of the century. The creation and development of the IPBES (International Platform for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) at the interface of decision-support and scientific knowledge is in direct line with these concerns. |
| Keywords: | scenarios, resilience, management, game theory, ecosystem services, ecosystems, dynamic systems, control theory, biodiversity |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05263028 |
| By: | Bealem, Tigist Endashaw; Ferguson, Nathaniel; Thomas, Timothy S.; Zerfu, Taddese Alemu; Bryan, Elizabeth |
| Abstract: | This brief provides an overview of Ethiopia’s climate risks, gender dynamics, and nutrition challenges and includes discussion of how these issues are intertwined, an overview of the policy landscape, and recommendations for strengthening the integration of gender, climate change and nutrition in the country. With a population of approximately 126.5 million people as of 2023, Ethiopia ranks as the second most populous country in Africa and stands out as one of the region's fastest-growing economies, with an economic growth rate of almost 10% per year over the last 15 years (World Bank, 2024). Ethiopia’s agrifood system accounted for 48% of Ethiopia’s national GDP and 77.2% of employment in 2019. Pri mary agriculture alone contributed more than 1/3 of GDP and 2/3 of employment, while other parts of the agrifood system such as processing, trade, and input supply contributed 12.8 percent to GDP and 9.4 percent to employment (Diao et al., 2023). The sector is dominated by smallholder farmers who cultivate a diverse array of crops, including cereals, pulses, oilseeds, fruits, and vegetables (Dawid & Mohammed, 2021). Women make up more than 40% of the agriculture labor force and head approximately 25% of all farming households in the country (World Bank, 2019). |
| Keywords: | climate change; gender; nutrition; economic growth; agrifood systems; Ethiopia; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Eastern Africa |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:gcanip:174904 |
| By: | Jones, John; Lelo, Stephanie; Betz, Roger; Clark, Corey; Colella, Florencia; LaPorte, Jon; Bardenhagen, Chris; Burk, Cheri; Wardnyski, Frank |
| Abstract: | This report is based on FINPACK FinAn business analyses through MSU Extension participating farms. It is a gauge of the financial performance of Michigan farms completing the analysis. The Farm Business Summaries are divided into three Whole Farm Analyses subsets: 1) All Participating Farms - Whole Farm Report, 2) Crop Farms Only – Whole Farm Report, and 3) Dairy Farms Only – Whole Farm Report. There are also “cost of production” enterprise reports for corn, soybeans and winter wheat. Farms are included as “crop” or “dairy” if over 70% of their gross farm income comes from their crop sales or milk sales/dairy cattle sales, respectively |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural Finance, Farm Management, Financial Economics, Production Economics, Productivity Analysis |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:midasp:370438 |
| By: | Jones, John; Lelo, Stephanie; Betz, Roger; Clark, Corey; Colella, Florencia; LaPorte, Jon; Bardenhagen, Chris; Burk, Cheri; Wardnyski, Frank |
| Abstract: | This report is based on FINPACK FinAn business analyses through MSU Extension participating farms. It is a gauge of the financial performance of Michigan farms completing the analysis. The Farm Business Summaries are divided into three Whole Farm Analyses subsets: 1) All Participating Farms - Whole Farm Report 2) Crop Farms Only – Whole Farm Report 3) Dairy Farms Only – Whole Farm Report There are also “cost of production” enterprise reports for corn, soybeans and winter wheat. Farms are included as “crop” or “dairy” if over 70% of their gross farm income comes from their crop sales or milk sales/dairy cattle sales, respectively |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural Finance, Farm Management, Financial Economics, Production Economics, Productivity Analysis |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:midasp:370439 |
| By: | Jorge, Nicolás; Campos, Silvia Kanadani; Gianatiempo, Juan Pablo; da Pereira, Vanessa da Fonseca; Masaro, Jimena Vicentin; Peri, Graciela Isabel; Piñeiro, Valeria |
| Abstract: | This report constitutes a long-term vision for key variables of the agricultural sector in the Mercosur countries- Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay (or ABPU, with both terms used interchangeably). The objective is not to forecast the sector’s future but to serve as a reference tool, considering long-term drivers. This study addresses the question: what will happen to relevant agricultural variables over the next decade if current trends persist? Although based on a quantitative model, the results are not merely model outputs; they undergo a thorough revision process with experts from each country. The outcomes are also conditional on specific assumptions, including macroeconomic conditions, government policies, weather, international agreements, and other influencing factors. |
| Keywords: | agricultural sector; policies; food security; supply chains; exports; Argentina; Brazil; Paraguay; Uruguay; Americas; South America |
| Date: | 2025–09–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:lacwps:176398 |
| By: | Fang, Peixun; Anamo, Iga; Gimiseve, Harry; Hayoge, Glen; Mukerjee, Rishabh; Schmidt, Emily; Zhang, Xiaobo |
| Abstract: | This paper evaluates the constraints within Papua New Guinea's vegetable sector, drawing on large scale household surveys, extensive qualitative interviews with key stakeholders, and Large Language Model (LLM) methods. Our survey data reveal that vegetable production is ubiquitous, with almost all households surveyed (91%) growing at least one vegetable. Indigenous varieties, such as leafy greens (96%) and fresh beans (69%), are widely cultivated across regions, while high-value vegetables like onion (17%) and tomato (19%) show more regional concentration. Over half (53%) of PNG vegetable farmers sell their produce, with farmers located in the nonseasonal highlands agro-ecological area leading in market participation (66%), contributing to an overall commercialization rate of 24% (defined as the share of pro duction sold). However, modern input use, particularly improved seed adoption, significantly lags behind output commercialization in all agroecological zones except the islands survey areas. The quantitative analysis, using the PNG Rural Household Survey 2023, and the qualitative analysis, drawing from both manual review and LLM-assisted processing of in-depth interview notes, consistently identify poor feeder roads as critical bottlenecks for every stakeholder across PNG's vegetable value chain. Beyond transportation, these interviews repeatedly highlighted persistent seed supply shortages and high seed costs as significant hurdles. Since PNG depends on imported vegetable seeds, several structural and procedural barriers contribute to these shortages. These include potentially arduous quarantine procedures, limited foreign exchange for seed imports, and cumbersome permit processes, often leaving major distributors with insufficient stock. These reported bottlenecks may contribute to the low improved seed adoption and use reflected in the household survey analysis. |
| Keywords: | vegetables; large language models; commercialization; household surveys; artificial intelligence; Papua New Guinea; Melanesia; Oceania; Asia |
| Date: | 2025–07–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:pngfwp:7 |
| By: | Khakimov, Parviz; Aragie, Emerta A.; Goibov, Manuchehr; Ashurov, Timur |
| Abstract: | The World Bank’s agriculture sector public expenditure review study (World Bank 2021) findings indicates that public expenditure on agriculture sector remains relatively small at less than one percent of GDP, though grew significantly between 2015 and 2020, and the sector relies heavily on donor financing (54 percent). There is a notable underinvestment in R&D, 0.7 percent of total public expenditure in agriculture sector between 2016-2019, which impacts productivity and climate resilience. In this brief, for evaluating the potential impact of investment on Research and Development (R&D) to accelerate agricultural transformation and inclusiveness in Tajikistan agrifood system (AFS), we rely on the IFPRI’s Rural Investment and Policy Analysis (RIAPA) economywide dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model which incorporates household survey-based microsimulation and investment modules, and simulates the functioning of a market economy, comprising markets for products and factors which include land, labor, and capital (IFPRI 2023). |
| Keywords: | investment; research; development; agrifood systems; agricultural sector; computable general equilibrium models; Tajikistan; Asia; Central Asia |
| Date: | 2025–06–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ceaspb:29 |
| By: | Piñeiro, Valeria; Papendieck, Sabine; Elverdin, Pablo; Illescas, Nelson; Jorge, Nicolás; Mingoti, Rafael; da Silveira, Hilton Luis Ferraz; Campos, Silvia Kanadani; da Pereira, Vanessa da Fonseca |
| Abstract: | The countries of MERCOSUR—Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay (ABPU)—are home to some of South America's most vital and diverse forest ecosystems. These include the globally significant Amazon rainforest, the biodiversity-rich Cerrado savannah, and the expansive and carbon-dense Gran Chaco dry forests. Together, these ecosystems regulate hydrological cycles, support endemic biodiversity, store vast amounts of carbon, and provide critical ecosystem services to rural and urban populations alike. The importance of these forests extends beyond their ecological functions. They are central to the region's climate commitments under the Paris Agreement, to global biodiversity targets under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), and to the livelihoods and cultural heritage of indigenous and rural communities. Moreover, forests are increasingly linked with international trade and investment. The European Union Deforestation Regulation (EUDR), for example, imposes new traceability requirements on commodities linked to land-use change, and the EU-MERCOSUR partnership agreement with its trade and sustainable development chapter, further elevating the geopolitical and economic relevance of forest governance in the MERCOSUR countries. |
| Keywords: | deforestation; biodiversity; trade agreements; land-use change; development; agriculture; policies; Argentina; Brazil; Paraguay; Uruguay; Americas; South America |
| Date: | 2025–09–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:lacwps:176401 |
| By: | Eissler, Sarah; Bryan, Elizabeth; Magalhaes, Marilia |
| Abstract: | Gender equality and women’s empowerment are important development goals for their intrinsic value as well as for achieving other important wellbeing outcomes, such as improved health, nutrition, and food security. Agricultural research for development plays an important role in understanding gender relations, dynamics, and inequalities and in identifying effective strategies and interventions to achieve these goals. The Feed the Future Innovation Labs (ILs) were initiatives supported by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and led by U.S. universities, in partnership with international and national research institutes, with the aim to achieve poverty reduction, food security, nutrition, and resilience objectives. The ILs also aimed to facilitate women’s empowerment and address gender inequality in agri-food systems (AFS). This study aims to document, categorize, and identify learnings from gender-related research produced by the ILs through an extensive desk review and key informant interviews (KIIs) with gender focal points, researchers, and directors at the ILs. While recognizing the importance of capacity building for gender-related research, we only look at research products and do not review capacity building or other training materials for gender-related research produced by the ILs. As this study is focused on understanding gender-related learnings, we also do not include gender-blind research products produced by the ILs. Based on the final set of research outputs that have at least some focus on gender, we then analyze the gender-related research findings using the reach, benefit, empower, and transform framework. In addition, we also explore the factors that enabled ILs to prioritize and produce gender-related research and learnings. We draw lessons about the types of research studies that have been carried out under the ILs and the insights that can be gleaned from these studies for designing agricultural innovations and interventions and understanding what works to address gender inequalities in agrifood systems. Much of this work was gender focused and diagnostic or formative. Fewer research studies employed causal methods to understand how interventions are influencing gender equality and women’s empowerment in agriculture. Only a subset of research focused on specific innovations or interventions, which suggests more research is needed in this area, particularly as new innovations are being tested and scaled, as was the objective of many of the ILs. We highlight areas where additional research is needed to inform investments and interventions going forward, such as an increase in integrating gender-informed approaches in research across disciplines, gender-related research that employs causal methods, and in understanding the impacts of interventions that are gender-transformative. Finally, we identify key enabling factors that helped ILs prioritize gender integration, such as institutional leadership’s support for gender integration, sufficient time and budgets earmarked for gender work and staff, and ensuring staff responsible for gender-related research have requisite skills, expertise, and communication skills to work across interdisciplinary teams. Current and future agricultural research for development projects should prioritize gender-related research across their portfolios to strengthen attention to understanding how innovations and interventions can influence gender equality and women’s empowerment in agriculture. |
| Keywords: | agricultural research; gender equality; women’s empowerment |
| Date: | 2025–08–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:175991 |
| By: | Jorge, Nicolas |
| Abstract: | Argentina’s native forests are essential components of the country’s ecological and economic fabric. These ecosystems provide a wide array of services, from biodiversity conservation and water regulation to carbon storage and support for local livelihoods. However, human activity and natural events such as wildfires resulted in ongoing forest loss, particularly in regions like Gran Chaco. Understanding the dynamics of forest loss over time is crucial for evaluating the effectiveness of conservation policies and for guiding future land-use decisions. This report provides an integrated view of Argentina’s deforestation trends between 2000 and 2024. It reviews the legal and institutional framework established to manage native forests, including the 2007 Forest Law and international commitments. The objective is to assess the evolution of forest loss, evaluate regional variations, and reflect on the implications for sustainable development and forest governance in Argentina. |
| Keywords: | biodiversity conservation; conservation; deforestation; ecosystems; Argentina; Americas; South America |
| Date: | 2025–09–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:lacwps:176359 |
| By: | Iraoya, Augustine Okhale; Balana, Bedru; Thomas, Timothy S.; Ferguson, Nathaniel; Bryan, Elizabeth |
| Abstract: | This country brief supports GCAN's goal of integrating gender, climate resilience, and nutrition considerations into policy by providing policymakers, program officers, and researchers with an analysis of Nige ria’s current situation and policy objectives in these areas. A recent study from Andam et al. (2023) underscores the vital role of Nigeria’s agrifood system in the country's economy. In 2019, Nigeria's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) stood at $469.3 billion, supported by a workforce of 66.8 million people (Andam et al. 2023). The agrifood sector made a substantial contribution, generating $175.3 billion in GDP and providing employment for 41.9 million individuals. This sector encompasses both primary agriculture and off-farm activities, including processing, trade, transport, food services, and input supply. Primary agriculture alone contributed $103.3 billion to GDP and employed 32.2 million people. Off-farm agrifood activities contributed approximately 40 percent of the agrifood GDP and 20 percent of agrifood employment (Andam et al. 2023). |
| Keywords: | gender; climate change; nutrition; resilience; agrifood systems; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Western Africa; Nigeria |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:gcanip:174789 |
| By: | Díaz-Bonilla, Eugenio; Zandstra, Tamsin |
| Abstract: | Improving food systems requires significant expenditures and investments from both the public and private sector. In the case of public outlays, the decisions are taken by the government or by multilateral international organizations (with governments as their owners), while, obviously, private expenditures and investments depend on choices by the private sector. These private financial flows are guided by the decisions of consumers, producers, banking system institutions, and operators in capital markets. Public policy cannot dictate directly how those private actors act (for instance, governments cannot mandate that consumers must eat healthy diets), but it can influence those decisions through adequate macroeconomic, regulatory, and incentive frameworks. This discussion paper will focus briefly on some ideas about how those frameworks can reorient and expand current levels of funding towards food systems transformation, focusing particularly on banking systems and capital markets. First, it briefly analyzes the levels of financial flows in the banking system and capital markets. Then it looks at the role of macroeconomic policy in influencing the operations of food systems, followed by suggestions about other regulatory and incentive frameworks to create healthy, equitable, sustainable and climate-resilient food systems. |
| Keywords: | banking; capital markets; financing; food systems; economic systems; macroeconomics; regulations; incentives |
| Date: | 2025–07–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:175792 |
| By: | Hafsa Ouhbi (Ph.D. student, Laboratory of Economics and Management of Organizations (LAREMO), National School of Commerce and Management. Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco.); Abdeslam Boudhar (Researcher and Lecturer, Laboratory of Economics and Management of Organizations (LAREMO), National School of Commerce and Management. Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco.) |
| Abstract: | This article addresses the theoretical challenges related to water sustainability in Morocco, adopting an approach based on the paradigms of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). It highlights several paradoxes and structural limitations within the water management system, offering theoretical recommendations based on the literature that are tailored to the country's climatic, social, and institutional contexts. One key theoretical conclusion concerns the excessive appropriation of water resources by agriculture, which accounts for up to 95% of withdrawals in some regions, despite contributing modestly to the national economy (around 13% of GDP). This dependency exposes the country to increased vulnerability due to the declining water resources, revealing a structural imbalance in water management. The article also highlights a paradox in the Green Morocco Plan. The adoption of more efficient irrigation technologies, such as drip irrigation, which is 100% subsidized, has paradoxically led to an increase in total water consumption. This phenomenon, known as the Jevons paradox, arises from the combination of increased agricultural productivity and intensified water use, particularly for exportoriented crops. The theoretical analysis further reveals that, despite the modernization of the legal framework (Law 36-15) and the adoption of IWRM, the inefficacy of reforms is linked to institutional fragmentation, poor coordination among stakeholders, and inadequate regulatory enforcement. These institutional deficits hinder sustainable water management and contribute to issues such as overexploitation of groundwater. Finally, a significant social and economic dimension emerges from the analysis, as public policies appear to favor large commercial farms over small farmers and local communities, exacerbating social inequalities. The article concludes that to ensure water sustainability in Morocco, it is essential to rethink agricultural economic incentives, improve intersectoral governance, and ensure greater social equity in water access. |
| Abstract: | Cet article aborde les défis théoriques liés à la durabilité de l'eau au Maroc en adoptant une approche basée sur les paradigmes de la gestion intégrée des ressources en eau (GIRE). Il met en évidence plusieurs paradoxes et limitations structurelles du système de gestion de l'eau, tout en proposant des recommandations théoriques fondées sur la littérature, adaptées aux contextes climatique, social et institutionnel du pays. Une première conclusion théorique porte sur l'appropriation excessive des ressources en eau par l'agriculture, qui représente jusqu'à 95% des prélèvements dans certaines régions, malgré une contribution modeste à l'économie nationale (environ 13% du PIB). Cette dépendance expose le pays à une vulnérabilité accrue face à la diminution des ressources en eau, soulignant un déséquilibre structurel dans la gestion de cette ressource vitale. En analysant le Plan Maroc Vert, l'article met en évidence un paradoxe lié à l'adoption de technologies d'irrigation plus efficaces, comme l'irrigation goutte-à-goutte, qui, bien que subventionnée à 100%, a paradoxalement conduit à une augmentation de la consommation d'eau. Ce phénomène, connu sous le nom de paradoxe de Jevons, découle de la combinaison d'une productivité agricole accrue avec une utilisation d'eau toujours plus intense, notamment pour les cultures orientées vers l'exportation. L'analyse théorique révèle également que malgré la modernisation du cadre législatif (loi 36- 15) et l'adoption de la GIRE, l'inefficacité des réformes est liée à une fragmentation institutionnelle, une coordination insuffisante des acteurs et une réglementation souvent peu appliquée. Ces déficits institutionnels empêchent une gestion durable de l'eau, contribuant à des problèmes comme l'exploitation excessive des nappes phréatiques. Enfin, une dimension sociale et économique importante émerge de l'analyse, car les politiques publiques semblent favoriser les grandes exploitations commerciales au détriment des petits agriculteurs et des communautés locales, exacerbant ainsi les inégalités sociales. L'article conclut que pour garantir la durabilité de l'eau au Maroc, il est nécessaire de repenser les incitations économiques agricoles, d'améliorer la gouvernance intersectorielle et de garantir une plus grande équité sociale dans l'accès à l'eau. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable Water Management, Water policy, Climate change, Water Challenges, Water Scarcity in Morocco |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05219597 |
| By: | Victor Orestes; Thiago Silva; Henry Zhang |
| Abstract: | We use transaction-level data on payments, credit, and insurance to examine how Brazilian farmers responded to the severe frost of July 2021, a shock that affected coffee, a perennial crop whose plants are a major component of farm value. The frost shock reduced both output and the pledgeable value of farmers’ collateral. We find that insured farmers increased investment in the years following the shock, while uninsured farmers reduced investment and borrowing. We show how this pattern is consistent with models of imperfect pledgeability of a firm’s collateral, where constrained firms neither insure (ex-ante) nor fully recover from a shock (ex-post). Limited commitment endogenously generates under-insurance through the combination of upfront payment of the insurance premium with the tightening of borrowing constraints post-shock due to the decrease in total collateral. We discuss two equilibrium implications of this mechanism: the inefficacy of emergency credit lines in targeting liquidity-constrained firms and the amplification of output volatility from the rising risk of extreme weather shocks. |
| Date: | 2025–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bcb:wpaper:628 |
| By: | Srivastava, Nandita; Hema, Aboubacar; Babu, Suresh Chandra; Ulimwengu, John M.; Benin, Samuel |
| Abstract: | Niger faces rampant food insecurity, malnutrition, and environmental degradation. The transformation of food systems to tackle such challenges hinges on the capacity and effectiveness of institutional frameworks. To analyze the status, challenges, and strengths of Niger’s food system, a mapping and capacity needs assessment was conducted at three levels—enabling environment, institutional, and individual. Based on the assessment, leadership concerns on strategic guidance were observed at the policy process level, with major issues such as the incidence of corruption, infrastructure constraints, and lack of reliable data availability. At the institutional level, lack of an interconnected network and mutual accountability, resource and funding constraints, and high staff turnover have adversely impacted overall institutional performance. Availability of reliable data evidence is limited or absent due to weak monitoring and evaluation systems and decentralized capacity, lack of sufficient local support, transparency issues in strategy development, and selection bias. At the individual level, there is a need to improve technical capacity on analytical thinking, quantitative and qualitative research tools, and the dissemination of communication, outreach, and information. Despite the climate change-related challenges in the country, there is less focus on environmental management, adaptation, and advanced technology implementation. The underrepresentation of key areas such as socio-cultural dynamics, governance, social protection, and cross sectoral collaboration indicates a potential lack of integration in policymaking and implementation. Overall, there is an urgent need to reallocate resources to enhance the focus on underrepresented yet critical food systems areas, enhance inter-ministerial and cross-sectoral collaboration to ensure a more integrated approach to food systems management, and incorporate social inclusion and equity considerations. Forward-looking strategies should be developed that anticipate and respond to emerging challenges such as demographic shifts, globalization effects, and technological changes. |
| Keywords: | food systems; food insecurity; malnutrition; capacity assessment; environmental degradation; governance; institutions; Niger; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Western Africa |
| Date: | 2025–09–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:176348 |
| By: | Ray, Srabashi; Alexandra Hill; Iman Haqiqi; J. Edward Taylor; Thomas Hertel |
| Abstract: | This paper is the first to evaluate the nationwide impacts of farm labor scarcity on U.S. crop producers between 2002 and 2017, by disentangling its effects from other market forces such as rising demand for agricultural commodities, factor-biased technological change, and changes in the supply of other inputs. To accomplish this, we leverage insights from a stylized theoretical framework, that shows labor market outcomes are determined by the interaction between input-specific productivity changes, factor substitutability and endogenous relative price changes. We implement a two-step empirical strategy. First, we use a novel constrained optimization approach to simultaneously estimate changes in input-biased factor productivity and labor substitutability for nine Farm Resource Regions. Second, with these estimates in hand, we use a spatially explicit partial equilibrium model of the crop sector, to replicate observed labor market outcomes, and estimate their responsiveness to changes in farm labor supply across widely differing production systems, between 2002 and 2017. Our estimates of regional changes in factor-biased productivity and labor substitutability underscore the difference in capacity to adjust to labor shortages across production systems. We estimate that a 1% annual decline in farm labor supply can increase hiring costs by 11.1% for specialty crop growers and 6.1% for field crop producers over 10 years. These can be further aggravated if trade policies increase demand from domestic producers and immigration policy exaggerates the shock to farm workers. Addressing labor scarcity will be key to ensuring the long-term sustainability and resilience of U.S. agriculture. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gta:workpp:7601 |
| By: | Camille Fabre; Paul Vertier |
| Abstract: | While African countries have a particularly rich biodiversity, this has been deteriorating markedly for several decades, and seems to be accelerating in recent years. This degradation of biodiversity has consequences both at local level—African populations, mostly rural, are heavily dependent on ecosystem services—and at global level, given the major implications of biodiversity degradation for global warming, health, food security and global financial stability. Biodiversity conservation in Africa is therefore a major challenge, and its linkage with the continent’s economic development objectives raises a number of issues. To study this question, this paper combines geolocated data on economic activity and on a specific measure of biodiversity, namely vertebrate population counts, between 1990 and 2015. It shows that an increase in local economic activity is associated with a decline in local vertebrate populations, and discusses this result in light of the challenges facing Africa. It also documents the protection measures implemented both locally and globally to promote biodiversity preservation, as well as the challenges they face. |
| Keywords: | Biodiversity, Growth, Africa, Development |
| JEL: | Q57 Q54 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bfr:banfra:984 |
| By: | Ulimwengu, John M. |
| Abstract: | This study develops a dual-framework for identifying points of failure (PFs) and points of entry (PEs) in global food systems. Building on Schneider et al. (2025), we extend their entry-point analysis by introducing PFs—nodes where systemic risk concentrates. Using dynamic systems modeling and directed network analysis of 50 indicators from the Food Systems Countdown Initiative, we derive PF and PE indexes based on structural metrics from the adjacency matrix. While empirically grounded in network topology, the model accommodates behavioral lags and policy sensitivity. Findings reveal that high-risk and high-leverage components often overlap, enabling more strategic and adaptive interventions. Designing interventions without understanding fragility would be akin to engineering a machine for acceleration while ignoring its weakest links. |
| Keywords: | diet; dynamics; food systems; malnutrition; resilience |
| Date: | 2025–09–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:176309 |
| By: | Loris André; Julio Ramos-Tallada |
| Abstract: | The Amazon rainforest is emitting more carbon dioxide than it can absorb due to deforestation since 2021, leading to significant impacts on global warming. The loss of biodiversity due to land use change in the Amazon biome is also a major issue. Legal Amazon is an administrative area in Brazil that encompasses 64% of the Amazon biome and nine federal states. The Amazon Fund is the main international climate finance vehicle that operates in Legal Amazon. However, its disbursements have recently dropped due to disagreements between donors and the Brazilian government up to 2022. This paper aims to assess the impact of the Amazon Fund’s projects in reducing deforestation along with other factors, such as the national environmental agency sanctions and agricultural production. Using satellite observations and microeconomic data, a panel dataset has been constructed to analyze the evolution of various environmental features, climate finance, regulation, and production from 2002 to 2020 across 760 municipalities in Legal Amazon. A Panel Vector Auto Regression (PVAR) is used to model a stylized economic system in which variables can affect each other at different lags. Our main findings suggest that the Amazon Fund’s disbursements significantly reduce deforestation rates. Federal-managed projects are more effective than those led by states or municipalities. The most efficient projects are those devoted to land use planning, which involves the development and the protection of local autochthonous communities. Overall, we estimate that the Amazon Fund operates with a low abatement cost (between 0.4 and 1.1 EUR per saved ton of CO2). |
| Keywords: | Green Finance, Deforestation, Amazon Rainforest, Panel-VAR |
| JEL: | C33 C81 F35 Q20 Q54 Q56 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bfr:banfra:998 |
| By: | Myers, Emily; Heckert, Jessica |
| Abstract: | Women work across multiple nodes in agricultural value chains, though their participation in value chains varies within and across contexts and their contributions are often underrecognized (Malapit et al., 2020; Quisumbing et al., 2021). Addressing issues such as weak economic growth, climate change, and hunger will require strengthening agricultural value chains, though doing so without a gender-sensitive lens may exacerbate existing gender inequalities within them (Rubin & Manfre, 2014). Development practitioners seeking to strengthen agricultural value chains are increasingly interested in programs that use group-based approaches, as they may reach many people efficiently using such a strategy. However, there is not much evidence on how to increase women’s economic opportunities in agricultural value chains and bolster women’s leadership within the context of group-based interventions. TechnoServe, with funding support from the Walmart Foundation, began implementing the Smallholder Market Access (SMA) program in Guatemala and Nicaragua in 2019. The goal of this program was to work with farmer producer organizations (FPOs) and affiliated smallholder farmers in fresh produce agricultural value chains (AVCs) to increase the productivity, profits, and the market share of FPOs among smallholder farmers. The program also sought to strengthen women’s inclusion in AVCs, leadership, and empowerment by offering both gender-responsive and gender-transformative program components, particularly though agronomy trainings and gender equality trainings for women and men, as well as women’s leadership trainings for women only. This qualitative study focuses on SMA in Guatemala. We investigated gender dynamics in FPOs, women’s empowerment, women’s leadership, and how SMA may influence these themes. Ultimately, the goal of this study was to gain insights on the strengths of SMA programming with regard to women smallholder farmers’ economic and leadership opportunities, as well as to identify opportunities to strengthen the program. We collected data from in-depth interviews with eight SMA staff, nine FPO lead ers, and 18 FPO members. We also conducted six single-sex focus group discussions with FPO members, which included 15 women and 13 men total. The FPOs sampled did not receive the full SMA treatment prior to data collection; as such, the results presented in this study reflect perceptions of different components of SMA that had been only partially implemented prior to data collection. |
| Keywords: | women; women's empowerment; smallholders; agricultural value chains; market access; economic development; training; Guatemala; Latin America and the Caribbean; Central America |
| Date: | 2025–07–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprwp:175619 |
| By: | Leight, Jessica; Mukerjee, Rishabh; Schmidt, Emily |
| Abstract: | Rainfall fluctuations can significantly reduce welfare for poor rural households in low- and middle-income countries dependent on rainfed agriculture for consumption, and in some contexts these adverse effects may be borne disproportionately by vulnerable household members, particularly children and girls. We present new evidence around the effects of rainfall fluctuations on child anthropometric status in Papua New Guinea, an understudied context characterized by some of the highest stunting rates in the world. We show that negative fluctuations in rainfall within a 12-month period are associated with reduced household consumption (driven by reduced consumption of own-produced food). Moreover, when these fluctuations are observed in the first year of a child’s life, they lead to a reduction in height forage and weight-for-age (though no shift in stunting), but this effect is observed only for girls: boys seem to be protected from the adverse effects of rainfall fluctuations experienced in infancy. |
| Keywords: | anthropometry; children; households; less favoured areas; rainfall patterns; child stunting; Papua New Guinea; Oceania |
| Date: | 2025–09–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:176517 |
| By: | Ragasa, Catherine; Lambrecht, Isabel B.; Ma, Ning; Cole, Steven; Ebrahim, Mohammed; Desta, Gizaw; Mersha, Abiro Tigabie; Mudereri, Bester; Kihiu, Evelyne; Kreye, Christine; Peter, Hellen |
| Abstract: | Extensive prior research has demonstrated that reducing gender discrimination enhances women’s empowerment, promotes more inclusive livelihoods, increases agricultural productivity, and improves other development outcomes. This study aims to contribute to documenting and informing the measurement of gender attitudes that relate directly to reaching, benefiting, and empowering women through agricultural innovations. By analyzing data from 8, 051 survey respondents across study sites in Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Nigeria, and Rwanda, our findings emphasize both commonalities and differences in gender attitudes across different contexts. Furthermore, by including a survey-based experiment during data collection, we assess whether gender-attitude statements vary depending on whether they are presented in a positive frame (focusing on equality) or in a negative frame (focusing on inequality). On average, rural women and men respondents across all countries supported more than half of the gender-equality statements. Some gender-inequality attitudes persisted across the four countries but varied in magnitude and by location, age group, and specific statement or theme. Framing matters: respondents exposed to a positive framing supported 16 percent more gender-equality statements than those exposed to a negative framing. The study highlights two main implications. First, the findings indicate the importance of considering both restrictive attitudes and those that reflect gender-equality opportunities as being in the vanguard. Accordingly, gender-focused interventions should adopt strategies that challenge normative views of women as supporting rather than leading actors in agriculture and economic activities. Second, gender-attitude measures do not perfectly align with country-level gender-equality indicators or with empowerment at the intrahousehold level. They therefore capture a distinct dimension and merit their own indicators. |
| Keywords: | agriculture; development; gender; livelihoods; women’s empowerment; Congo, Democratic Republic of; Ethiopia; Nigeria; Rwanda; Africa; Eastern Africa; West and Central Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa |
| Date: | 2025–09–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:176542 |
| By: | Kumar Gautam, Santosh (University of Notre Dame); Ilirjani, Ermal (Albanian Development Fund); Ukil, Patralekha (San Jose State University) |
| Abstract: | This study evaluates the impact of investment in rural roads on household welfare in Albania. Using a difference-in-differences method, we find that treated households experienced a 35-percentage point increase in the quality of roads relative to control households and reduced travel times to the nearest motorable roads. The study also demonstrates that the price and value of residential and farmland increased in the treated communities. Household heads in treated communities were less likely to be unemployed, and there was a higher incidence of self-employment in treated households, which seems to suggest a pattern of households shifting away from paid employment to self-employment in response to improved economic opportunities due to improved connectivity. The study does not find a significant effect on household income, but finds an increase in consumption expenditure. In general, these findings indicate that investments in rural roads have had positive impacts on the welfare of the family in Albania. |
| Keywords: | Food expenditure, Income, Rural roads, Albania |
| JEL: | O18 |
| Date: | 2025–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18116 |
| By: | Saroj, Sunil; Vidhani, Vandana Shankar; Kumar Burman, Amit |
| Abstract: | The Capacity Strengthening Workshop on Best Practices in Impact Evaluation, Data Interpretation, and Agricultural Policy Analysis (Phase 1) was conducted on April 22-23, 2025, aiming to build the foundational skills of fieldbased government officials in using agricultural data for informed decision-making. To strengthen its initiative on developing the Inclusive Agriculture Transformation (IAT) indicator, IFPRI has proposed a three-phased capacity-building program for key departmental staff. The objective is to enhance their understanding of the importance of data and its systematic maintenance. This initial phase focused on enhancing participants' understanding of various agricultural datasets and equipping them with basic skills in data interpretation and visualization. The workshop was inaugurated by Dr. Arabinda Kumar Padhee, Principal Secretary to Government, Department of Agriculture & Farmers’ Empowerment, Government of Odisha. The workshop was designed as part of a comprehensive capacity-building initiative to support the Inclusive Agriculture Transformation (IAT) framework, promoting evidence-based policy formulation and implementation. |
| Keywords: | agriculture; capacity development; decision making; impact assessment; India; Asia; Southern Asia |
| Date: | 2025–08–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:fprepo:176135 |
| By: | Elverdin, Pablo; Illescas, Nelson |
| Abstract: | The definition of “forest” varies between countries, and while the differences may be marked by small subtleties, this can imply important divergences in what is understood by deforestation and/or forest degradation. A first approximation to the definition of forests in Paraguay arises from Art. 5 of Law 2524/04, on “zero deforestation” in the Eastern Region.1 There, “native forest” is defined as any native or autochthonous ecosystem, whether or not intervened, regenerated by natural succession or other forestry techniques, which occupies a minimum area of two hectares, characterized by the presence of mature trees of different ages, species and varied size, with one or more canopies that cover more than 50% (fifty percent) of that area and where there are more than sixty trees per hectare of fifteen or more centimeters in diameter measured at breast height. |
| Keywords: | biological diversity; deforestation; ecosystems; land use; Paraguay; Americas; South America |
| Date: | 2025–09–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:lacwps:176388 |
| By: | Magalhaes, Marilia; Bryan, Elizabeth; Go, Ara |
| Abstract: | The Gender, Climate Change and Nutrition Integration Initiative (GCAN), led by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), has been working to integrate gender, climate resilience, and nutrition considerations into policy, interventions, and research since 2016. Since 2023, the initiative has been working in five focal countries with support from the Gates Foundation. |
| Keywords: | capacity development; climate resilience; gender; nutrition; policy innovation; climate change; Ethiopia; India; Kenya; Nigeria; Senegal; Africa; Eastern Africa; Asia; Southern Asia; Western Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa |
| Date: | 2025–07–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:gcanpn:175829 |
| By: | Khakimov, Parviz; Aragie, Emerta A.; Goibov, Manuchehr; Ashurov, Timur |
| Abstract: | Findings of recent study shows that in 2021, roughly 5 percent of farms and nearly 14 percent of arable land used professional extension services. Extension service actors in Tajikistan include Ministry of Agriculture, Tajik Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tajik Agrarian University, government extension specialists at the village level, the private sector, and NGOs, with a total staff of about 2, 250 people, of whom about 600 are trained to provide professional extension services (Muminov 2021). The government’s fiscal space is limited the extent of support to such investments. Thus, there is a notable underinvestment in extension and advisory services (EAS), 2.4 percent of total public expenditure in agriculture sector between 2016-2019 (World Bank 2021). In this brief, for evaluating the potential impact of investment on extension and advisory services to accelerate agricultural transformation and inclusiveness in Tajikistan AFS, we rely on the IFPRI’s Rural Investment and Policy Analysis (RIAPA) economywide dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model which incorporates household survey-based microsimulation and investment modules, and simulates the functioning of a market economy, comprising markets for products and factors which include land, labor, and capital (IFPRI 2023). |
| Keywords: | investment; extension systems; advisory services; agrifood systems; agriculture; Tajikistan; Asia; Central Asia |
| Date: | 2025–06–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ceaspb:31 |
| By: | David W Shanafelt (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Brian Danley (Uppsala Universitet [Uppsala]); Jesse Caputo (USDA - United States Department of Agriculture); Marielle Brunette (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Forests face an increasing number of threats, which are expected to increase in frequency and intensity in the future. Recent calls have pointed out the need for holistic approaches when developing forest management policies, which requires a broad understanding of how forest owners perceive the uncertainties and risks that may threaten their forests. In this paper, we study a set of sixteen concerns in the United States National Woodland Owner Survey (NWOS). Our set of concerns span an array of types and causes-natural and anthropogenic-that capture multiple aspects of forest ownership. We measure the level of concern that family forest owners associate with each concern variable, and explore how they vary with each other. We then measure "total concernedness" to study how individuals distribute their concerns across multiple ownership challenges, and relate total concern to socio-demographic and forest-ownership attributes. We find that private forest owners moderately distribute their concerns across all types, as opposed to high levels of concern for one issue and none for others, and that concerns are, in general, positively correlated with each other. Our analysis highlights a general need for policy and regulations that properly consider the full suite of owner preferences, including concerns. |
| Keywords: | Threats, Tobit regression, Family forest owners, National Woodland Owner Survey (NWOS), Concerns |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05242363 |
| By: | Lorenzo Emer; Andrea Mina; Andrea Vandin |
| Abstract: | Artificial intelligence (AI) is a key enabler of innovation against climate change. In this study, we investigate the intersection of AI and climate adaptation and mitigation technologies through patent analyses of a novel dataset of approximately 63 000 Green AI patents. We analyze patenting trends, corporate ownership of the technology, the geographical distributions of patents, their impact on follow-on inventions and their market value. We use topic modeling (BERTopic) to identify 16 major technological domains, track their evolution over time, and identify their relative impact. We uncover a clear shift from legacy domains such as combustion engines technology to emerging areas like data processing, microgrids, and agricultural water management. We find evidence of growing concentration in corporate patenting against a rapidly increasing number of patenting firms. Looking at the technological and economic impact of patents, while some Green AI domains combine technological impact and market value, others reflect weaker private incentives for innovation, despite their relevance for climate adaptation and mitigation strategies. This is where policy intervention might be required to foster the generation and use of new Green AI applications. |
| Date: | 2025–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2509.10109 |
| By: | Bruno Dorin (Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Frédéric Landy (LAVUE - Laboratoire Architecture, Ville, Urbanisme, Environnement - UP8 - Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis - ENSAPLV - École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Paris-La Villette - HESAM - HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre - ENSA PVDS - École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Paris Val-de-Seine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - MC - Ministère de la Culture) |
| Abstract: | Agricultural policies have always been the subject of theoretical and political controversy. Their history alternates between the legitimacy of intervention in agricultural markets and the withdrawal of the State from these markets. This book examines the complex notion of agricultural policy. |
| Abstract: | Les politiques agricoles ont toujours fait l'objet de controverses théoriques ou politiques. Leur histoire alterne entre légitimité accordée à l'interventionnisme sur les marchés agricoles et retrait de l'État de ces marchés. Cet ouvrage revient sur cette notion complexe de politique agricole. |
| Keywords: | Crises, Bien-être animal, Eau, Terre, Politique agricole commune, Échanges internationaux, Économie et politique agricole, Agriculture |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05248647 |
| By: | Ervin, Paul; Gayoso, Lyliana; Rubiano Matulevich, Eliana Carolina |
| Abstract: | Floods are becoming more frequent and severe due to climate change, population growth, and land cover changes. In Paraguay, floods are the most common weather-related hazard and disproportionately impact poor and vulnerable populations. This study contributes to understanding household-level exposure to flood risk in Paraguay by combining geolocated household survey data with novel flood hazard maps. The study estimates that more than 23 percent of households are exposed to flood risk, with exposure varying by geography and household characteristics. Urban households living in poverty are among the most exposed, facing depths of flooding nearly four times higher than non-poor households, in smaller, more common flood events. The approach provides valuable insights for targeting flood risk reduction efforts and highlights the importance of considering socioeconomic vulnerability in disaster risk management. These findings underscore the multidimensional nature of vulnerability to flood risk, particularly in rapidly urbanizing areas, and the need for integrated urban planning and poverty reduction strategies to address flood risk disparities effectively, particularly in rapidly urbanizing areas. |
| Date: | 2025–09–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:11215 |
| By: | Shokry, Nada; Jovanovic, Nina; Kurdi, Sikandra; Hamdy, Adham; Elkaramany, Mohamed |
| Abstract: | Key messages Parliamentarians, researchers, and development practitioners shared perspectives on the double burden of malnutrition in Egypt in roundtable discussions. Infrastructure gaps and policy and research strategy fragmentation are highlighted as challenges to accessibility of healthy food. Aggressive ads/media environment and inefficient nutrition education programs are regarded as negatively impacting consumer behavior. Economic factors are widely identified as a major driver of malnutrition. Recommended solutions include raising nutrition literacy, transitioning from food subsidies to vouchers, improving nutrition services infrastructure, taxing unhealthy foods, and fortifying staple foods. Participants called for continued dialogue between researchers and policymakers. |
| Keywords: | malnutrition; infrastructure; foods; policies; obesity; poverty; wasting disease (nutritional disorder); Egypt; Africa; Northern Africa |
| Date: | 2025–08–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:menapn:176182 |
| By: | Papendieck, Sabine |
| Abstract: | Uruguayan legislation, through Law 15.939, the Forestry Law, and its regulations, defines native forest as “vegetative associations in which trees of any size predominate, whether exploited or not, and are capable of producing timber or other forest products, influencing soil conservation, hydro-logical regimes, or climate, or providing shelter or other benefits of national interest.” Additionally, under its regulations, Decree 452/988 establishes that forests are considered tree formations with a “minimum area of 2, 500 m²”. Furthermore, the General Directorate of Forestry (DGF), in the Native Forest Registration Guidelines, specifies that there must be at least 200 trees per hectare and a minimum coverage of 50%. |
| Keywords: | biodiversity; deforestation; ecosystems; legislation; Uruguay; Americas; South America |
| Date: | 2025–09–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:lacwps:176386 |
| By: | Rémi Avignon (SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Etienne Guigue (LMU - Institut für Informatik [München/Munich] - LMU - Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] = Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, KU Leuven - Catholic University of Leuven = Katholieke Universiteit Leuven) |
| Abstract: | L'idée d'introduire des prix planchers dans les filières agricoles a récemment refait surface dans le débat public. Mesure phare de la Politique Agricole Commune (PAC) des années 1970-1980, les prix planchers ont pourtant été source d'inefficacité et laissé de mauvais souvenirs. Cette note montre cependant qu'un prix plancher sur la matière première peut être source d'efficacité dans les filières où les agriculteurs font face à des acheteurs ayant du pouvoir de monopsone, c'est-à-dire étant capables de peser négativement sur les prix. Ainsi, dans la filière lait de vache, le lait est acheté par les industriels, en moyenne sur la période 2003-2018, à un prix inférieur de 16% aux profits marginaux qu'ils en tirent. Un prix plancher, indexé sur les cours internationaux des denrées agricoles, peut alors conduire à une meilleure rémunération des agriculteurs sans nécessairement nuire aux consommateurs, via une réduction des marges des industriels à l'achat de matière première. Le prix plancher peut également améliorer l'efficacité des politiques de soutien de l'offre agricole (subventions, politique commerciale, assurance subventionnée). Un examen approfondi de la situation des autres filières est nécessaire pour juger de l'opportunité d'une mise en place plus large de prix planchers. |
| Date: | 2024–12–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04986932 |
| By: | Philippine Coeugnet (LISIS - Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Sciences, Innovations, Sociétés - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Université Gustave Eiffel, GABI - Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Julie Labatut (LISIS - Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Sciences, Innovations, Sociétés - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Université Gustave Eiffel, GABI - Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, CGS i3 - Centre de Gestion Scientifique i3 - Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris) - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - I3 - Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Gwendal Restoux (GABI - Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Michèle Tixier-Boichard (GABI - Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Xavier X Rognon (AgroParisTech, GABI - Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Sophie Allais (PEGASE - Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Nicolas Bédère (PEGASE - Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Isabelle Goldringer (GQE-Le Moulon - Génétique Quantitative et Evolution - Le Moulon (Génétique Végétale) - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Co-concevoir des systèmes agro-écologiques couplant volailles/cultures afin de favoriser les services (éco)systémiques et identifier les besoins génétiques pour les volailles de ces systèmes. |
| Keywords: | Volailles agroécologiques, Sélection participative, Systèmes culture-élevage, Conception innovante |
| Date: | 2025–01–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05266814 |
| By: | Kyle, Jordan; Ragasa, Catherine |
| Abstract: | Women’s leadership in policy processes and formal institutions is a powerful pathway to gender equality and women’s empowerment at scale, yet relatively little is known about how key decision-makers who influence access to these positions perceive women’s leadership and how those perceptions can shift. This paper draws on original survey data from 407 elites from 274 agrifood organizations in India and Nigeria to examine elite gender attitudes, their responsiveness to framing interventions, and how these attitudes relate to support for policies promoting gender equality. Specifically, we ask: how do elites in agrifood governance perceive women’s leadership, and how responsive are these perceptions to a targeted framing intervention? We find that elites are substantially more supportive of women’s leadership than the general public in the same countries, yet male elites in particular still express strong endorsement of the idea that men make better leaders. Over half of male elites in our sample in both countries agree that men make better political leaders. A randomized framing experiment embedded in the survey shows that men’s attitudes toward women’s leadership are significantly influenced by how women’s capabilities are framed. Messages emphasizing women’s equal rights and capabilities reduce male elites’ support for gender-unequal statements compared to frames that ask individuals to reject the idea of male superiority. Female elites’ attitudes are more supportive overall and unaffected by framing. These findings suggest that gender messaging strategies should center on positive, equality-based frames, and that elite attitudes are critical to scaling women’s leadership in agrifood governance. |
| Keywords: | agriculture; gender equality; governance; leadership; policy innovation; surveys; women’s empowerment; India; Nigeria; Asia; Southern Asia; Africa; Western Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa |
| Date: | 2025–09–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:176312 |
| By: | Eyal G. Frank; Kimberly Oremus |
| Abstract: | In 1996, with United States fish populations in decline, Congress overhauled fishing laws with scientific thresholds for rebuilding overfished stocks. The law's impact is contested, and lawmakers have spent over a decade debating its reauthorization while countries around the world consider similar policies. We develop the first causally interpretable evaluation of this law, exploiting the fact that the European Union has comparable fisheries but only recently developed similar laws. Compiling comprehensive data on US and EU fishery status and management, we examine fish populations that decline to unhealthy levels and measure the effect of a policy that aims to rebuild them to health. We find treated populations increase by 52 percent relative to these counterfactuals, with both catch and revenue rebounding to baseline levels or greater. Analyzing fisheries' revenue, we find net present values are higher for at least 69 percent of rebuilt stocks compared to simulated counterfactuals. |
| JEL: | Q0 Q2 Q50 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:34237 |
| By: | George Papaioannou; Angelos Alamanos; Mohammed Basheer; Nikolaos Nagkoulis; Vassiliki Markogianni; George Varlas; Angelos Plataniotis; Anastasios Papadopoulos; Elias Dimitriou; Phoebe Koundouri |
| Abstract: | Climate change-driven wildfires, especially in the Mediterranean, are not only becoming more frequent and severe but also amplifying flood risks by altering catchment hydrology. Yet, post-fire flood risk management remains inadequately addressed. In response, we develop an integrated simulation framework that combines meteorological, hydrological, hydraulichydrodynamic models and remote sensing techniques to represent post-wildfire flood hazards and support the design of Postwildfire Flood Protection Treatments (PFPTs). We utilize the framework to accurately represent a post-wildfire flash flood event in a Mediterranean catchment in Greece. The flood event is simulated under three scenarios: pre-wildfire, post-wildfire without any PFPTs in place (reality), and post-wildfire with PFPTs. The results show that the wildfire's impact on flood extent was around a 24.1% increase, but the PFPTs could have counterbalanced this impact. Moreover, we present an economic model for estimating the cost of the recommended PFPTs and the flood damage direct costs, combining an accounting and a semiautomated AI-based approach. The cost comparison reveals that the protection would have cost around 3.45mill EUR (just the 13.7% of the flood damage costs, 25.2mill EUR) potentially saving 6.37mill EUR in flood damage. By filling critical knowledge gaps, our study offers insights into the dynamics of post-wildfire flood events and provides policymakers with valuable insights for timely risk mitigation amidst escalating fire-related disasters. |
| Keywords: | Wildfires, Flood protection, Barrier treatments, In-channel Meteorological modelling, Remote Sensing, Protection Cost |
| Date: | 2025–09–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2553 |
| By: | Dey, Shubham; Uwasu, Michinori |
| Abstract: | Japan faces the challenge of depopulation and economic decline in rural areas. This research focuses on regional revitalization, primarily exploring the methods and policies that are concerned with the one village one product (OVOP). Recently, the Government of India launched the One district one product (ODOP) initiative which has a similar model that leverages regional strengths to address societal challenges and drive inclusive development. By examining case studies from both the countries, focusing on innovation and local resources, these policies should empower communities to harness their potential, leading to sustainable economic growth and enhanced quality of life. The research aims to identify the potential factors that led to the successful implementation of cases, creating a sustainable development based on branding a cultural commodity and testing its scalability and adaptability for policy formulations in countries facing acute depopulation or considering similar initiatives to rejuvenate rural economies. |
| Date: | 2025–09–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:42ag7_v1 |
| By: | Samuel Appiah Ofori; Jean Huge; Setondé Constant Gnansounou; Arimatéa De Carvalho Ximenes; Frederick Asante; M'koumfida Bagbohouna; Adrien Comte; Esméralda Longépée; Kipkorir Sigi Lang'at; Salomão Bandeira; Derrick Omollo; Amarachi Paschaline Onyena; Kabari Sam; Amina Juma Hamza; Adel Zeggaf Tahiri; Daf Sehla Daf; Khady Diouf Goudiaby; Emmanuel Temitope Olatunji; Claire Golléty; Elie Antoine Padonou; Farid Dahdouh-Guebas |
| Abstract: | Mangroves are vital for climate change adaptation and mitigation due to their efficient carbon sequestration and coastal protection roles providing often untapped opportunities for countries to enhance their national climate commitments (including the so-called Nationally Determined Contributions) under the Paris Agreement adopted at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) COP21 in 2015. In Africa, several countries possess mangroves and have signed the Paris Agreement, however, the level of integration of mangrove actions into the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) has not been adequately explored. Using a systematic review methodology, 33 African countries possessing mangroves were selected and their NDCs were reviewed, scored, and ranked to assess their level of integration of mangrove ecosystems into their NDCs. Countries like Equatorial Guinea, Nigeria, Senegal, and Sudan demonstrate commendable progress and leadership in integrating mangroves within their NDCs. However, gaps in budgetary commitments, spatial planning, and temporal specificity for mangrove actions among a majority of the countries hinder broader mangrove inclusion. The study also revealed a disconnect between research outputs and policy frameworks, where countries with increased mangrove research output in Africa failed to integrate mangrove actions into their NDCs. To increase African countries' resilience to climate risks and contributions to global climate goals, there is a need to increase effective collaboration between mangrove researchers, local communities, and policymakers in mangrove-possessing countries. This will bolster public education on mangroves and their inclusion of mangrove actions in their NDCs, ultimately enhancing the implementation of mangrove actions on the ground. |
| Keywords: | Adaptation; Climate action; Conservation; Mangrove-possessing countries; Mitigation; Restoration |
| Date: | 2025–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulb:ulbeco:2013/393920 |
| By: | Marchionni, Mariana; Pierino Pedrazzi, Julián; Pinto, María Florencia |
| Abstract: | Structural transformation—the shift from agriculture to industry and services—is key to economic development and can reshape labor market gender gaps. Yet little is known about how this process has unfolded in rural Latin America, where women face disadvantages from both gender and rurality. We document rural women’s labor market outcomes in 14 countries using harmonized household surveys, estimate motherhood effects using a pseudo-event study around first childbirth, and examine mechanisms using time-use data from Mexico. Despite educational gains, rural women still lag behind rural men and urban women in employment, hours, and earnings. While structural transformation has reduced informality and increased service and formal job participation, unpaid family work and precarious employment remain widespread among rural women. Motherhood further exacerbates disadvantages. Rural mothers face smaller employment drops than urban mothers but are increasingly pushed into unpaid work and low-skilled self-employment. Evidence from Mexico shows this stem less from childcare than from heavier household chores, home production, and limited access to labor-saving technologies. This paper provides the first evidence on how structural transformation interacts with motherhood in rural Latin America, showing that structural change alone cannot ensure inclusive opportunities for rural women. |
| Keywords: | Equidad e inclusión social, Mujer, Desarrollo Rural, Desarrollo social, Trabajo y protección social, |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dbl:dblwop:2524 |
| By: | David Crommelynck (AMURE - Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - UBO - Université de Brest - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Matthieu Leprince (AMURE - Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - UBO - Université de Brest - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Olivier Thébaud (AMURE - Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - UBO - Université de Brest - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Protected areas are one of the major tools used to conserve biodiversity, but their effectiveness is regularly questioned. One key concern is that municipalities might refrain from enrolling land into protected areas because it might be detrimental to economic activity. As a consequence, protected areas may be located in places where economic activity is low rather than where biodiversity is most threatened. We study the allocation of protected areas in France using a rich set of data on biodiversity, economic activity, tax potential of municipalities and socio-demographics. We first show that biodiversity is highly positively associated with protection, even condi- tional on economic activity, thereby softening the concerns that protected areas are unrelated to conservation objectives. We also uncover a major gap in tax potential between protected and unprotected areas conditional on biodiversity. We show that most of this gap is explained by variables measuring the intensity of economic activ- ity. Finally, we find that socio-demographic and political variables do not explain the remaining gap. There are two possible explanations for our results: either protection kills economic activity, or areas are protected only where economic activity is not developed |
| Keywords: | Biodiversity, Protected Area, Tax Wealth, Municipality |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05244704 |
| By: | Marie-Estelle Binet (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes, AMURE - Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - UBO - Université de Brest - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Maria Garcia-Valiñas (Universidad de Oviedo = University of Oviedo); Sara Suarez-Fernandez (Universidad de Oviedo = University of Oviedo) |
| Abstract: | Nudging has emerged as an alternative policy for managing water demand in the residential sector. Indeed, numerous field studies have been recently published to assess the impact of nudges on water consumption. In parallel, a substantial body of literature has developed in the field of behavioral economics, including laboratory experiments to evaluate the effects of nudge-type or boost treatments on individual behavior. However, the corresponding results are frequently overlooked in field studies. In this context, focusing on the residential water sector, the aim of this survey paper are, first, to review field experiments and address key issues in behavioral economics; and second, to present results obtained from laboratory experiments that could enhance nudging policies. We conclude by discussing additional unexplored areas and their policy implications. |
| Keywords: | Experimental economics, Water sustainable management, Nudging |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-04567861 |