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on Agricultural Economics |
| By: | Dolislager, Michael; Holleman, Cindy; Liverpool-Tasie, Lenis Saweda Onipede; Reardon, Thomas |
| Abstract: | This background paper to The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2023 analyses a key element of agrifood systems transformation: the change of patterns in food supply and demand. Several studies have discussed this topic, but the current one takes an innovative perspective of analysis, considering these changes with a spatial perspective using the urban rural catchment areas (URCA) approach to analyse changes in food expenditure across the rural–urban continuum, using Living Standards Measurement Studies (LSMS) of 11 African countries. The analysis is preceded by a literature review of agrifood value chains transformation stages, drivers and current situation, focused in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and is followed by a macro review of food supply around the world and a “macro-meso” review of the supply of wheat and rice in two African countries. The conclusions shows that most food is purchased in all households across the rural–urban continuum, even in rural areas, breaking with the “myth” of rural subsistence farming in Africa. In addition, the results show a diffusion of the consumption of processed foods, including in a lesser extent highly processed foods, all across the rural–urban continuum, and not only in rural areas. From a food supply perspective, the low global availability of foods that are part of a healthy diet, as fruits, vegetables and legumes, nuts and seeds calls for increasing efforts for producing more nutritious foods in all countries of the world. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Consumer/Household Economics, Demand and Price Analysis, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Productivity Analysis, Supply Chain |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:faoaes:365829 |
| By: | Adong, Annet; Kornher, Lukas; Chichaibelu, Bezawit Beyene; Arslan, Aslihan |
| Abstract: | There is growing recognition that significant costs associated with food systems remain unaccounted for in market prices. Coffee is the second most traded commodity in the world and the most traded agricultural commodity. More than 30 million smallholder households rely directly on coffee income. This background paper includes a study that attempts to quantify the environmental and social externalities of coffee value chains in three countries in Eastern Africa: Ethiopia, Uganda and the United Republic of Tanzania. Using a refined and simplified methodologies to quantify social and environmental externalities associated with climate, water, child labour, gender inequality and the living income gap, the paper applies the marginal damage cost approach to monetize the hidden costs. Both social and environmental externalities contribute significantly to the hidden costs of Eastern African coffee value chains, with Robusta coffee boasting considerably higher social hidden costs from the living income gap than Arabica due to its lower farm gate prices and profit margins. Hidden costs associated with the living income gap constitute the largest share, particularly in Ethiopia. Large variations in hidden costs in different production systems and regions are identified. The paper provides four important recommendations for policymakers in producing and importing countries. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Demand and Price Analysis, Food Security and Poverty, Marketing |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:faoaes:365822 |
| By: | Weber, Regine; Díaz González, Ana Maria; Morales Opazo, Cristian |
| Abstract: | North Macedonia’s ambition to join the European Union requires reforms of the agricultural sector and subsidy system. One major reform is the alignment to the rules of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union on direct payments, including the “decoupling” of direct payments from production quantities. The decoupling of direct payments is likely to have significant impacts on production decisions, prices and therefore on farmer income. This paper identifies four possible scenarios for North Macedonia to align the direct payment scheme to the regulations of the European Union and subsequently analyses the impact of each scenario on farmer income, using an ex ante analysis method in the form of a static microsimulation approach and the farm accountancy data network (FADN) data at individual farm level. The results show that, on average, farmer income increases when direct payments are decoupled in North Macedonia. We further test for heterogeneity and identify different effects along farm types and economic farm size – and find that some farmers would exhibit income losses as a result of the reform (i.e. specialist cattle, mixed crops and livestock farmers). The document was developed as a key deliverable in the context of TCP/MCD/3703 “Strengthening of Agriculture and Rural Development Policy Analysis and Programming”. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Demand and Price Analysis, Farm Management, Food Security and Poverty, Production Economics, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:faoaes:366850 |
| By: | Improta, Martina; De la O Campos, Ana Paula; Petracco, Carly; Davis, Benjamin |
| Abstract: | This study provides country-level estimates of productive inputs and assets utilized by farming households, including land, fertilizers, agrochemicals, water management technologies, improved seeds, and mechanization in 19 countries across the world covering the period 2014–2020, using the latest nationally representative survey. Additionally, we explore inputs’ distribution across various dimensions such as household per capita consumption, crop income specialization, and the gender of the household head, while considering the level of agricultural productivity across countries as proxied by agricultural value added per worker. Our descriptive analysis reveals that farming households continue to face challenges in accessing inputs, assets, and water sources to support agricultural production in most of the countries analysed regardless of their productivity level. A gender gap persists in access to land and inputs, in all the countries analysed, regardless of their rural transformation path. Our empirical analysis emphasizes the significance of utilizing these inputs and assets, highlighting their potential to increase crop income for households in our sample of countries. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Consumer/Household Economics, Food Security and Poverty, Productivity Analysis |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:faoaes:365820 |
| By: | Atozou, Baoubadi |
| Abstract: | he analysis of household resilience to food insecurity has become a key technical and evidence-based policy instrument for better tailoring development and humanitarian intervention designs. International development agencies must strengthen the capacity of vulnerable households to anticipate, cope with and adapt to shocks and stressors. Despite the humanitarian and development scope of household resilience strengthening, most resilience academic research and policies focused on protracted crises countries. Moreover, too little attention has been paid to in-depth gender inequality analysis in household resilience to food insecurity, and household food security. This paper aims to (i) analyse the key drivers of household resilience to food insecurity and (ii) assess differences in resilience capacity and food security indexes across male and female-headed households, and identify key drivers of these differentials in national, urban, and rural areas in the Gambia, by using Gambian Integrated Household Surveys on consumption expenditure and poverty-level assessment 2015–2016. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Consumer/Household Economics, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:faoaes:366851 |
| By: | Bernard, Tanguy; Giraud-Héraud, Eric |
| Abstract: | Recognizing that agrifood value chains (AFVCs) are essential to ensure food security and foster structural change, FAO seeks to reassess the array of policies and interventions needed to protect and strengthen AFVCs in low-income countries and fragile states. This White Paper aims to contribute to this initiative by shedding light on largely unaccounted-for market structures at midstream segments of AFVCs. Building on the field of Industrial Organization in economics, we develop a theoretical framework and a related simulation tool that one can inform with existing or specifically collected data. Simulation outcomes help predict how different types of shocks may affect key food security outcomes, under different levels of concentration in midstream segments of AFVCs. We illustrate this approach using data from the Ethiopian wheat AFVC in 2013. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Demand and Price Analysis, Food Security and Poverty, Marketing, Production Economics |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:faoaes:365825 |
| By: | Ana Deaconu (McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]); Malek Batal (UdeM - Université de Montréal); Claudia Irene Calderón (University of Wisconsin-Madison); Patrick Caron (UMR ART-Dev - Acteurs, Ressources et Territoires dans le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier); Jessica Mcnally; Emile Frison (IPES-Food - International Panel of Experts on Sustainable Food Systems); Geneviève Mercille (UdeM - Université de Montréal); Mylène Riva (McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]); Ben Brisbois (UdeM - Université de Montréal) |
| Abstract: | The international collaboration network Food Systems Innovation to Nurture Equity and Resilience Globally (Food SINERGY) unites food system experts concerned with the confluence of environmental, geopolitical, economic, and public health stressors that weaken food systems and increase inequalities. In March 2023, Food SINERGY participants from universities, research institutes, food policy advocacy groups, Indigenous networks, farmers' associations, consumer organizations, social enterprises, and non-governmental organizations from around the world met in Mont Orford, Québec, for a forum to revisit food system structures across local-to-global scales and to identify key junctures for transformation. This article summarizes the network's discussions in the context of the existing literature. Key knowledge contributions include the importance of diversification throughout the food system for cultivating resilience; the value of food sovereignty in promoting equity across scales; the reconciliation between food sovereignty and equitable trade; the need for consonance between policy environments at different scales to enable positive societal actions; the pioneering role of food system innovations that challenge conventional political and economic structures, with emphasis on agroecology; and the need for critical self-reflection around knowledge production and knowledge use to better serve equitable food systems. These discussion outcomes provide insights for actors seeking to transform food systems in support of equity and resilience. |
| Keywords: | agroécologie, politique alimentaire, souveraineté alimentaire, résilience, système d'innovation, politique d'innovation, Resilient food systems, Equity, Food sovereignty, Equitable trade, Food policy, Agroecology, sécurité alimentaire, systèmes alimentaires |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05182602 |
| By: | Travis J. Lybbert (UC - University of California); Ashish Shenoy (UC - University of California); Tomoé Bourdier (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Caitlin Kieran (Landesa) |
| Abstract: | Pulse production in India has stagnated relative to staple grains and cash crops, raising concerns about rural protein consumption. We experimentally evaluate an effort to increase local pulse production in Bihar. This intervention consisted of 2 years of input subsidies and extension to facilitate learning, followed by the creation of marketing organizations and a year of output price support to raise profitability. Farmers respond to price signals by expanding inputs when subsidized and increasing pulse sales under price supports. However, we see no evidence that the program shifted equilibrium production portfolios as pulses return to pre-intervention levels after the support ends. Results indicate that short-term learning by doing cannot overcome long-run barriers to local pulse production, even when farmers have a viable outlet to sell their surplus output. |
| Keywords: | Inde, Bihar, petite exploitation agricole, légume sec, subvention, prix agricole, variété indigène, enquête, rendement des cultures, Fagopyrum tataricum, Agricultural extension, India, Pulses, Technology adoption |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05182066 |
| By: | Bianca de Oliveira Müller (State University of Maringa); Ferenc Istvan Bánkuti (State University of Maringa); Geraldo Tadeu dos Santos (State University of Maringa); João Augusto Rossi Borges (UFGD - Universidade Federal de Grande Dourados); Tiago Teixeira da Silva Siqueira (UMR SELMET - Systèmes d'élevage méditerranéens et tropicaux - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Julio Cesar Damasceno (State University of Maringa) |
| Abstract: | Family succession is one of the most challenging problems of governance in agricultural systems in Brazil and worldwide. Dairy systems require particular attention in this regard, given their economic and social importance. Family succession necessitates a transfer plan for passing leadership over the dairy farm, usually from parents to their children. In this study, we sought to identify the influence of sociopsychological constructs of the theory of planned behavior on dairy farmers' intention to adopt succession planning. Questionnaires were administered to 160 dairy farmers in Paraná State, Brazil. Data were analyzed using correlation analysis and structural equation modeling. The results showed that social pressure – subjective norms was the construct that most influenced farmers' intention to adopt succession planning, followed by attitude toward the adoption of succession planning. Farmers' perceptions of their ability to carry out succession planning – perceived behavioral control did not influence their intention to adopt this strategy. There was a significant positive correlation of farm size and number of lactating cows with intention to adopt succession planning, indicating that large-scale farmers have a higher probability of practicing succession planning. |
| Keywords: | Brésil, exploitation agricole familiale, ferme laitière, production laitière, participation des agriculteurs, agriculture familiale, petite exploitation agricole, agriculteur, industrie laitière, Dairy, Exploitation agricole familiale, Transmission, Durabilité, Migration |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05181883 |
| By: | Thoto, Frejus; Mas Aparisi, Alban; Derlagen, Christian |
| Abstract: | The production and use of evidence for agricultural policy is critical to prioritizing and targeting effective agricultural transformation reforms in African countries. International development organizations have supported programmes that promote evidence-informed policies, however, this support has often been focused on short-term and externally driven solutions, with limited impact in the long run. Faced with this scenario, there is now a growing interest in the role of resilient and sustainable national systems that can generate organic evidence-informed agricultural policy. Yet, there is limited knowledge on how to map out and analyse such systems, which is critical to fostering their emergence and the later uptake of evidence in policymaking. This study draws on ecological science and social network analysis to develop and test a framework that can help understand evidence-policy systems and their potential to sustainably promote evidence-informed policymaking in the agricultural sector. Applying this framework in Benin, the study found that beyond the Ministry of Agriculture, other organizations produce, broker or use evidence such as data, research, evaluation and expert knowledge in a context that is influenced by the institutional rules and setup, the incentives in place and the funding landscape. Furthermore, the paper analyses the sustainability of the evidence-policy system in Benin through its power, resilience and capability. Finally, it provides policy recommendations with the key entry points to improve on and how a system like this can be used to improve agricultural policymaking. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:faoaes:366852 |
| By: | Cabrera Cevallos, Carlos Esteban; Admasu, Yeshwas; De la O Campos, Ana Paula; De Simone, Lorenzo; Pierri, Francesco Maria; Moncada, Lorenzo |
| Abstract: | Measures of agricultural land inequality have primarily relied on the distribution of farm size, using information from agricultural census data. In this paper, we use an expanded approach, recognizing the complexity and the multiple dimensions that involve the concept of land inequality. Beyond land area, we propose a set of indicators to account for aspects of land rights and land quality, as well as to integrate the landless population, to measure more comprehensively land inequality, in a cross-country comparable manner while leveraging data from both living conditions household surveys and agricultural censuses. We then apply these indicators to household survey data from sub-Saharan Africa, enriched with a set of geospatial data features that determine agricultural land quality. Our results show that not accounting for land quality and secure tenure rights can lead to a significant underestimation of land inequality. We also discuss the scalability of this approach in other countries and regions considering both current data limitations and opportunities. Our assessment of existing data across the globe reveals that accounting for land rights represents the biggest challenge since most of the data sources capture limited information on land tenure diversity and individual rights. Finally, we map countries worldwide where data is available for scaling up our approach. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Farm Management, Land Economics/Use |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:faoaes:365818 |
| By: | Sánchez, Marco V.; Cicowiez, Martín; Pernechele, Valentina; Battaglia, Lucia |
| Abstract: | Repurposing public support to food and agriculture has gained significant global attention. However, resources allocated to support the food and agriculture sector may not be high enough for significant repurposing in sub-Saharan Africa. This paper shows that most governments in 18 sub-Saharan African countries have allocated small shares of their budget to agriculture since 2004. Their narrow fiscal space and budget implementation capacity constrain any sizable increase in the budget allocated to agriculture. In this paper, an innovative policy optimization modelling tool helps us assess what would happen if the limited budget allocated to the crops and livestock sectors in six of the sub-Saharan African countries were reallocated optimally across different policy support measures and subsectors/commodities, under the same budget constraint. It shows public expenditure is being allocated inefficiently in all six countries and the needed reallocations to solve such allocative inefficiencies, which would result in higher agrifood output growth, thousands of off-farm jobs being created in rural areas, and millions of people getting out of poverty or being now able to afford a healthy diet. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Demand and Price Analysis, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:faoaes:365821 |
| By: | Markandya, Anil |
| Abstract: | This background paper to The State of Food and Agriculture 2023 reviews the methods used, as well as the data required, to estimate the hidden environmental, social and health costs associated with agrifood systems. The studies analysed are based on the true cost accounting approach, which can facilitate improved decision-making by policymakers, businesses, farmers, investors and consumers. The reviewed studies demonstrate that hidden costs of agrifood systems are considerable, and that action is needed at global, national and local levels. To apply true cost accounting at the country level, the methods developed must be downscaled and the data limitations overcome. This review goes through each cost category – environmental, social and health – and proposes approaches to deal with them, with a focus on country-level estimates and analysis, especially in data-scarce countries. Where data are not available or time is limited, methods combining secondary data are suggested. In some cases, the suggestion is to collaborate with research centres. The paper further argues that, when addressing hidden costs in agrifood systems, trade-offs may arise, which may require the use of more complex tools, such as partial and general equilibrium models, to analyse their impacts on different areas. In general, the extent of the compromise will be minimized if there are at least as many policy instruments as there are objectives. For example, if a country seeks to restore fish stocks and address rural poverty, restricting catch alone could increase poverty in the artisanal fishing community. Adding income support, however, could allow both objectives to be met. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Demand and Price Analysis, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty, Productivity Analysis |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:faoaes:365834 |
| By: | Farid Farrokhi; Elliot Kang; Heitor S. Pellegrina; Sebastian Sotelo |
| Abstract: | We study deforestation in a dynamic world trade system. We _rst document that between 1990-2020: (i) global forest area has decreased by 7.1 percent, with large heterogeneity across countries, (ii) deforestation is associated with expansions of agricultural land use, (iii) deforestation is larger in countries with a comparative advantage in agriculture, and (iv) population growth causes deforestation. Motivated by these facts, we build a model in which structural change and comparative advantage determine the extent, location, and timing of deforestation. Using the model, we obtain conditions under which reductions in trade costs and tariffs reduce global deforestation. Quantitatively, eliminating global agricultural tariffs has limited impacts on global forest area, leads to substantial forest reallocation across countries, and results in net welfare benefits. |
| Keywords: | International trade, deforestation, dynamics, land use, trade policy |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:apc:wpaper:209 |
| By: | Hunt, Lauren; Mitchell, Rebecca C; Niles, Meredith |
| Abstract: | Dairy farming systems, of critical economic and nutritional importance, face mounting climate-related challenges that are expected to intensify without substantial adaptation and greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation. In response, the U.S. dairy sector has established an ambitious goal of achieving GHG neutrality by 2050, emphasizing climate-smart strategies related to animal, manure, and land management. To track progress toward this goal and highlight pathways forward, we conducted a national-level U.S. survey of climate-smart agricultural among dairy producers, identifying patterns of use, producer perceptions, and typologies of adoption behavior. Our results represent roughly one of every 27 dairy producers in the U.S., making this study one of the most comprehensive national assessments in the dairy sector to date. While prior research has often reduced adoption to a binary outcome, we extend a multidimensional adoption framework to the dairy sector, enabling a more nuanced analysis of producers’ decision-making. Using latent class analysis, we identified five distinct adopter segments: marginal, conventional, confinement, hybrid, and integrative, based on dairy producers’ adoption patterns. Marginal adopters exhibited low engagement and high disadoption rates, while integrative adopters demonstrated the highest adoption breadth and sophistication, combining infrastructure and land-based strategies. Hybrid adopters represented a well-rounded group with the longest practice duration, especially among grazing practices. Confinement and conventional adopters prioritized controlled-environment infrastructure but showed generally little engagement with grazing or costly manure technologies. Multinomial logistic regression indicated that program engagement, perceived practice efficacy, and climate beliefs significantly differentiated adopter segments. Integrative adopters were the only group significantly more likely to attribute climate change to human causes and to engage in organic or conservation programs. Confinement and conventional adopters were more likely to perceive adaptation practices as effective for welfare and profit, while hybrid and integrative adopters viewed grazing strategies as effective across cow welfare, profit and GHG outcomes. Compared to other adopter segments, marginal adopters were more likely to prioritize profit, animal welfare, and future generations, suggesting that values may play a role in adoption differentiation. We also found that perceived adoption barriers did not necessarily limit adoption, as even highly engaged adopters reported greater capacity and informational barriers than marginal adopters. Support services could address these challenges without assuming they are prohibitive to fostering climate-smart agriculture practices. Our work offers practical insights and a more nuanced understanding of dairy producers, reflecting diverse motivations, constraints and structural conditions that shape practice adoption across the dairy sector. |
| Date: | 2025–08–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:ky8hs_v1 |
| By: | Espinosa-Uquillas, Elizabeth; Rejesus, Roderick M.; Niles, Meredith |
| Abstract: | While existing research has examined a suite of factors affecting the adoption of cover crops in the United States, understanding the role of government programs and climate change has not been fully investigated over time, especially across a national sample. Furthermore, there is increasing attention on the potential disadoption of conservation practices including cover crops, and the drivers associated with cover crop disadoption is yet to be explored nationally. To fill these gaps in the literature, we combine multiple publicly available data sources to examine long-term county level cover crop adoption and disadoption over a recent decade in the United States. We estimate the association between government programs (i.e., conservation and non-conservation payments, state programs, crop insurance participation, and crop insurance premium subsidies) and climate conditions in counties’ cover crop adoption at both the national and regional levels. Additionally, we identify counties that decreased their cover crop adoption rate, that is, disadopted cover crops, and quantify the factors that correlate with the probability of disadoption. Increasing crop insurance participation within counties is associated with increasing cover crop adoption nationally and in the Southern Plains, Midwest, and Northeast; while increasing insurance premium subsidies are correlated with reduced cover crop adoption in the Midwest and Southeast but increased adoption in the Southern Plains. On the other hand, we quantify that despite the 70% increase in cover crop adoption between 2012 and 2022, 31% and 41% of counties had decreasing level of cover crops in 2017 and 2022, respectively, implying potential adoption saturation and concentration of cover crops in fewer counties. The likelihood of disadoption is lower for counties with higher federal conservation payments and participation in crop insurance. Similarly, increasing heat and climate variability are associated with additional cover crop adoption in most regions, indicating their relevance as a climate-resilient strategy, and counties with higher change in precipitation were more likely to maintain cover crop adoption over time, while climate variability was associated with more disadoption in some regions. We conclude that production risks from cover crop adoption could be potentially alleviated with the expansion of federal cost-sharing programs and crop insurance participation; yet, the amount of premium subsidies should be assessed as possibly disincentivizing cover crops due to the potential moral hazard it can trigger and risk-management redundancies of cover crops under crop insurance. Likewise, there is still potential to incentivize cover crop continuity for climate risk management, especially for counties with increasing precipitation variability due to climate change. |
| Date: | 2025–08–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:nk6yh_v1 |
| By: | Covarrubias, Katia; de la O Campos, Ana Paula; Akamin, Ajapnwa; Krumbiegel , Katharina; Tillie, Pascal |
| Abstract: | How should the cost of a decent life be quantified, and are living income indicators valid welfare measures for agrifood policies? This paper critically examines two methodologies for estimating living income benchmarks (LIB) and their application in rural agricultural contexts, focusing on cocoa producers in Cameroon. It highlights key differences in data sources and assumptions, finding that LIB estimates are highly sensitive to food expenditure assumptions and non-food, non-housing (NFNH) costs. Statistical tests on the living income gap (LIG) reveal that the indicators satisfy distribution sensitivity and identify vulnerable groups via stochastic dominance analysis, supporting their targeting potential. Simulations based on poverty axioms confirm robustness, leading to the proposal of a censored LIG that better captures the deprivation of vulnerable strata. The paper argues for greater methodological rigour, replicability, and harmonization to enhance the potential of living income indicators for promoting equitable agrifood system transformations. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Crop Production/Industries, Food Security and Poverty, Sustainability |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:faoaes:365819 |
| By: | De la O Campos, Ana Paula; Petracco, Carly Kathleen; Valli, Elsa; Sitko, Nicholas; D’Aietti, Laura |
| Abstract: | By using a multimethod strategy, we seek to generate more rigorous evidence on landscape restoration and its impacts at the household level. Using pre-restoration remote-sensing data, a machine-learning algorithm is used for the identification of similar pieces of land to Action Against Desertification (AAD) restoration sites. Comparison households were then selected from communities bordering these sites through a replication of the AAD targeting process. Finally, the impact analysis is based on propensity score adjustment techniques, applied to survey data. Overall findings suggest that participation in landscape restoration influenced household-livelihood strategies towards climate-resilient options, including a reduction of crop sales accompanied by an increase in the commercialization of livestock and livestock by-products. Households also planted more trees on their individual land, because of the restoration of communal and public lands. While this occurred without harming food security, we don’t observe a substantial increase in food security within treatment households. This suggests that food security support could be strengthened as part of restoration activities and/or that impacts of opportunity-led diversification may need a longer period to accrue. Larger impacts observed within the early takers of the programme reinforce these conclusions. Overall, the analysis also provides an innovative approach to ex-post evaluation settings. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Consumer/Household Economics, Food Security and Poverty, Land Economics/Use |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:faoaes:365831 |
| By: | Riemer, Olivia; Mairaj Shah, Tavseef; Müller, Alexander |
| Abstract: | This background paper to The State of Food and Agriculture 2023 describes how true cost accounting (TCA) and the lessons learned from its application can inform efforts to develop a sound economic foundation for sustainability in business and finance in agrifood systems. It looks at the current state of TCA in the business and financial sector, giving examples of different initiatives and resources available that have contributed significantly to the development of knowledge and guidance for TCA application within the private and financial sectors in agrifood systems. The paper recognises the value of drawing on the extensive groundwork that has been conducted under various TCA initiatives to develop ready-reference databases and tools for the private sector. It also acknowledges that numerous gaps need to be filled to ensure the mainstreaming of TCA. These include gaps in the standardization of methods, including indicators, impact pathways and valuation factors. Research and guidance are needed to help businesses integrate capital accounting into corporate governance, strategy and performance models. Overcoming these barriers will require coordinated efforts by different actors in agrifood systems. The great challenges of our time call for a new economic foundation for sustainability. The momentum at the international level to reform business accounting and reporting standards can support a transformation towards sustainable agrifood systems. So far, the initial success of agrifood businesses in applying and integrating TCA into decision-making shows that, given the right enabling environment, businesses can contribute to building socially, environmentally and economically sustainable agrifood systems. To achieve this transformation, however, standard-setting is needed to create a level playing field. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Demand and Price Analysis, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:faoaes:365835 |
| By: | Urcil Papito Kenfack Essougong (WUR - Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen]); Maja Slingerland (WUR - Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen]); Syndhia Mathe (UMR Innovation - Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Alimentation - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Ken E. Giller (WUR - Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen]); Cees Leeuwis (WUR - Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen]) |
| Abstract: | Purpose : We assessed cocoa farmers' access to, demand for, and satisfaction with five innovation support services and the factors shaping them. Design/methodology/approach : We used data from 10 focus groups and a survey of 421 farmers in Central Cameroon. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, and regression models. Findings: Results showed that farmers mostly receive training and advice whereas inputs, credit, and equipment are the most demanded services. Training and advice obtained the highest perceived quality score. Conflicts around distribution and capture by leaders were relatively frequent regarding inputs and equipment. Farmers' satisfaction with service outcomes increased with the number of services received and any services above training and advice yielded higher outcomes. Location, involvement in certification, seniority, and leadership position in farmers' organisations were significantly associated with access and demand for at least two services while satisfaction with quality was mostly influenced by prior services received and the extent to which they matched expectations. Practical implications: Farmers' demands for services are diverse, hence the importance of providing them with either service bundles or options from which they can choose. Additional efforts are needed from service providers to create an enabling environment for the implementation of the disseminated sustainable management practices. Theoretical implications: Farmers' satisfaction with services can be analysed from different perspectives. Both endogenous and exogenous factors determine access to, demand for, and satisfaction with services. |
| Keywords: | Cameroun, vulgarisation agricole, systèmes d'innovation agricole, innovation, formation agricole, Theobroma cacao, Agricultural services, Agricultural extension, Farmer diversity, Service quality, Enabling environement, Cocoa |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05181098 |
| By: | Pierre-Marie Bosc (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Sandrine Freguin-Gresh (UMR ART-Dev - Acteurs, Ressources et Territoires dans le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier); Cédric Gaillard (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Hugo Lehoux; Christelle Ginot (FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie]) |
| Abstract: | This technical book provides operational and simple guidelines to produce data sets at farm/household level to characterize the diversity of family farms. It is structured around three main sections. The first section presents the World Agriculture Watch (WAW) harmonized analytical framework to characterize the diversity of family farms including a subsection linking farm level with landscape and territorial approaches; The second section provides simple and robust guidance to engage into data production at farm/family (household) level. The third section gives orientations on how to use data sets to help define inclusive and targeted investments strategies and programs to strengthen the productive capacities of family farms using data sets to define typologies and information systems to monitor the effects of the investments. |
| Keywords: | système d'exploitation agricole, agriculture familiale, approche paysagère, farm data [EN], enquête sur les exploitations agricoles, investissement, typologie des exploitations agricoles, renforcement des capacités, principe directeur, Méthode, Caractérisation, Typologie d'exploitation agricole |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05180713 |
| By: | Holleman, Cindy; Latino, Lucia |
| Abstract: | This background paper to The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2023 presents an innovative analysis of within-country variability of the cost and affordability of a healthy diet (CoAHD). The study uses an innovative spatial perspective by analysing the changes along the urban–rural catchment areas (URCA) and using the Living Standards Measurement Studies (LSMS) of 11 African countries. The results show that the cost of a healthy diet in peri-urban areas is lower than it is in urban areas, but the percentage of the population unable to afford a healthy diet is always higher in the surroundings of urban centres. The gap is particularly large between small cities and their surrounding areas, and the share of population unable to secure a healthy diet is disproportionally high in the more remote rural areas. The paper also investigates three methodological issues that were encountered during the analysis to provide evidence on the validity of the FAO Healthy Diet Basket (HDB) methodology for the estimation of subnational cost and affordability of a healthy diet. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty, Health Economics and Policy, Research Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:faoaes:365828 |
| By: | Letta, Marco; Montalbano, Pierluigi; Morales Opazo, Cristian; Petruccelli, Federica |
| Abstract: | We leverage the multi-stressor nature of the COVID-19 generalized disruption as an opportunity to test the out-of-sample forecasting accuracy of both theory-based and data-driven vulnerability prediction models for the ex ante targeting of preventive interventions. Taking advantage of the World Bank multitopic surveys for Ethiopia and Nigeria, the two most populous African countries, our retrospective evaluation assesses the models’ ability to anticipate households and agrifood system actors experiencing food insecurity and income losses during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results are disappointing: we document that, despite considerable heterogeneity across data and methods, both models do not achieve satisfactory out-of-sample forecasting performances. Our findings are robust to the use of different data, estimation methods, and several heterogeneity analyses and sensitivity checks. This evidence calls for a refinement of current profiling methodologies and for interoperability efforts to close existing microdata gaps. Such efforts would enable policymakers to implement more effective early-warning systems of vulnerability hotspots and improve the cost-effectiveness of development interventions aimed at targeting groups vulnerable to future food crises. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Consumer/Household Economics, Demand and Price Analysis, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:faoaes:365824 |
| By: | Kohnert, Dirk |
| Abstract: | In the 21st century, Africa has some of the highest levels of hunger and malnutrition in the world, which is incompatible with the vision of the African Union. Food and nutritional security is a fundamental right of every person. However, many Africans are deprived of this right. Reports by the FAO and WFP indicate the emergence of an acute food crisis in at least 27 countries. This crisis has escaped the attention of the general press and the political sphere in the West. Yet this is crucial for understanding the reasons behind current migration flows, as well as for stimulating the necessary solidarity interventions. Poverty and malnutrition result from uncontrolled rapid population growth, inefficient agricultural and industrial practices, the high debt profiles of many African countries due to poor governance and corruption, and diseases such as the AIDS epidemic, malaria, the Ebola virus and the current pandemic of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Other factors include poor and inadequate health infrastructure and armed conflicts. Despite an abundance of natural resources, the gross domestic product per capita of many African countries is among the lowest in the world. According to FAO data, over 200 million people in sub-Saharan Africa were undernourished between 2014 and 2016. The prevalence of undernourishment in sub-Saharan Africa increased from 181 million people in 2010 to 222 million in 2016. In 2016, Africa had the highest prevalence of undernourishment in the world, estimated at 20% of the population. Poverty is the main cause of hunger and malnutrition in Africa, while hunger and malnutrition exacerbate the problem of disease on the continent. Poverty continues to plague Africa as a result of poor economic policies, conflict, war, environmental factors such as drought and climate change, population growth, poor leadership and greed. This situation is further exacerbated by the vicious cycle of poverty, disease and illness. Whether directly or indirectly, due to inadequate food consumption and poor diet quality, it is also accountable for over half of all deaths among children in Sub-Saharan Africa. Sociocultural barriers are major hindrances in some communities, with female children usually being the most affected. Corruption and lack of government interest and investment are key players that must be addressed to solve this problem. Malnutrition was highest within countries in East Africa and West Africa compared to the WHO Millennium development goals target for 2015. The system dynamics simulations forecast a rather gloomy future for the agro-food sector in SSA. Even the historically highest development rate of agricultural production will not be enough to meet the rapidly increasing demand for food. |
| Keywords: | Poverty; food insecurity, ;malnutrition; hunger; famine; starvation; Sub-Saharan Africa; Nigeria; Kenya; Uganda; |
| JEL: | D12 D13 D31 D74 F35 F54 H31 I14 N17 N37 Z13 |
| Date: | 2025–07–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:125431 |
| By: | De Bruin, Sophie; Holleman, Cindy |
| Abstract: | This background paper to The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2023 discusses the dynamics and drivers of urbanization, the associated changes in agrifood systems and the corresponding risks and opportunities to ensuring access to affordable healthy diets for all. The paper is based on a systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence from scientific papers and informed by new analyses conducted for the 2023 edition of The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World. A conceptual framework is presented for understanding the different pathways through which urbanization is driving changes in agrifood systems across the rural–urban continuum, and is, in turn, affecting access to affordable healthy diets. |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development, Demand and Price Analysis, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty, Health Economics and Policy |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:faoaes:365832 |
| By: | Ilicic, Joanna; Maestripieri, Lorenzo; Dobrovich, Greta; Ignaciuk, Adriana; Rottem, Alma |
| Abstract: | This paper proposes a novel methodology for calculating marginal abatement cost curves (MACCs) for public finance in agriculture using granular data on specific activities from investment projects. The proposed MACCs target public investment decision makers from the international and national financing institutions, as well as governments. The methodology is based on information obtained from agricultural projects implemented by international funding institutions (IFIs) and carbon accounting appraisals conducted using the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) EX-Ante Carbon-balance Tool (EX-ACT). The curves are estimated through a bottom-up approach, in which actual data on mitigation potential of agricultural investments and their associated costs are used to derive the cost-effectiveness of individual agricultural activities. The resulting curves illustrate the relationship between the cost of each individual activity and their individual mitigation potential helping decision makers to identify how to achieve best results at lowest cost. The application of the methodology is demonstrated using a sample portfolio of projects under World Bank’s Global Agriculture and Food Security Programme (GAFSP).Isolating the contribution of individual practices and highlighting their contextual cost-efficiency is a key factor in investment decision making for private and public entities aligning with the global climate targets. Given the complexity of estimating real costs, bottom-up MACCs offer a precious reference for evaluating activities' abatement potential and supporting decision-making processes of policymakers and investors interested in efficient and climate-friendly investments. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Climate Change, Environmental Economics and Policy, Research Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:faoaes:365826 |
| By: | Aurélie Toillier (UMR Innovation - Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Alimentation - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Renaud Guillonnet (Agrinatura); Aleksandra Dolinska (Agrinatura); Priscila Henriquez (Agrinatura); Myriam Perez (Agrinatura); Margarida Lima de Faria (ISA [Instituto Superior de Agronomia] - Instituto Superior de Agronomia) |
| Keywords: | Sénégal, Burkina Faso, Niger, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Costa Rica, Brésil, Népal, Cameroun, Éthiopie, Nigéria, Colombie, système d'innovation, innovation agricole, recherche participative, recherche-action, politique d'innovation, agriculture durable, Agricultural innovation, Story of change, Co-innovation, Participatory Action Research, transition agroécologique |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05182236 |
| By: | De la O Campos, Ana Paula; Admasu, Yeshwas; Covarrubias, Katia Alejandra; Davis, Benjamin; Diaz, Ana Maria |
| Abstract: | This working paper is the update of an earlier cross-country study on household income sources using an expanded harmonized dataset. The analysis presented covers a total of 93 surveys representing 41 countries – nearly double that of the previous study – to depict rural and urban households’ livelihood strategies across different levels of economic development. The findings shed light on the relationship between household livelihood activity portfolios and per capita gross domestic product, confirming a picture of multiple livelihood activities across the rural and urban space, at different levels of development. However, we find an emerging divergence between countries from sub-Saharan Africa and those from the rest of the world regarding employment and income generation. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Consumer/Household Economics, Food Security and Poverty, Labor and Human Capital, Land Economics/Use |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:faoaes:366848 |
| By: | de Adelhart Toorop, Reinier; van Veen, Bart; Verdonk, Loes; Schmiedler, Bettina |
| Abstract: | This background paper to The State of Food and Agriculture 2023 introduces true cost accounting (TCA) as an approach to measure and value the costs and benefits generated by agrifood systems in order to facilitate improved decision-making. The paper is based on a systematic review of existing TCA approaches and of relevant case studies in agrifood systems. Guidance on conducting TCA is provided, especially in relation to data collection. The paper ends with a discussion on scaling and harmonizing TCA for agrifood systems transformation. Based on a systematic literature review, the paper describes seven TCA approaches and identifies nine case studies deemed most relevant to policymakers in agrifood systems. It then proceeds to describe the different stages and steps needed to undergo a TCA study, such as: setting the boundaries of their assessment; determining the materiality of indicators; and estimating data points that are not readily available. The latter is particularly important given that a lack of (robust) data at low cost is potentially the main barrier to applying and scaling up TCA, especially in middle- and low-income countries. Because a TCA study requires a substantial amount of data to be collected, it is important to start with the data that are available and use this to determine which data points are crucial to answering a given policy question, to then focus on refining the available data points and filling in missing data points that are essential to the analysis. Another important bottleneck to scaling up TCA is the issue of harmonization, which the paper argues is impeded by the number of approaches available. As future steps for scaling up TCA, harmonization by integrating methodologies and adopting shared principles, ideas and requirements, is thus recommended. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Demand and Price Analysis |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:faoaes:365833 |
| By: | Patrick J. Brady; Rachel Widome; Sruthi Valluri; Melissa N. Laska |
| Abstract: | Background: The nutrition safety net in the United States is critical to supporting food security among households in need. Food assistance in the United States includes both government-funded food programs and private community-based providers who distribute food to in need households. The COVID-19 pandemic impacted experiences of food security and use of private and public food assistance resources. However, this may have differed for households residing in urban versus rural areas. We explored receipt of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits or food from community-based emergency food providers across a detailed measure of the rural-urban continuum before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We linked restricted use Current Population Survey Food Security Supplement data to census-tract level United States Department of Agriculture Rural-Urban Commuting Area codes to estimate prevalence of self-reported SNAP participation and receipt of emergency food support across temporal (2015-2019 versus 2020-2021) and socio-spatial (urban, large rural city/town, small rural town, or isolated rural town/area) dimensions. We report prevalences as point estimates with 95% confidence intervals, all weighted for national representation. Results: The weighted prevalence of self-reported SNAP participation was 8.9% (8.7-9.2%) in 2015-2019 and 9.1% (8.5-9.5%) in 2020-2021 in urban areas, 11.4% (10.8-12.2%) in 2015-2019 and 11.6% (10.5-12.9%) in 2020-2021 in large rural towns/cities, 13.4% (12.3-14.6%) in 2015-2019 and 12.3% (10.5-14.5%) in 2020-2021 in small rural towns, and 9.7% (8.6-10.9%) in 2015-2019 and 10.9% (8.8-13.4% )in 2020-2021 isolated rural towns. The weighted prevalence of self-reported receipt of emergency food was 4.9% (4.8-5.1%) in 2015-2019 and 6.2% (5.8-6.5%) in 2020-2021 in urban areas, 6.8% (6.2-7.4%) in 2015-2019 and 7.6% (6.6-8.6%) in 2020-2021 in large rural towns/cities, 8.1% (7.3-9.1%) in 2015-2019 and 7.1% (5.7-8.8%) in 2020-2021 in small rural towns, and 6.8% (5.9-7.7%) in 2015-2019 and 8.5% (6.7-10.6%) in 2020-2021 isolated rural towns. Conclusion: Households in rural communities use public and private food assistance at higher rates than urban areas, but there is variation across communities depending on the level of rurality. |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cen:wpaper:25-51 |
| By: | Błażej Jendrzejewski; Jan Hagemejer; Katarzyna Zawalińska; Vitaliy Krupin |
| Abstract: | In the era of globalization, international trade policies significantly influence the economic and environmental conditions of countries. As environmental concerns grow, it’s important to understand how these trade policies affect sustainable development and identify the strategies needed to achieve positive outcomes for the climate and environment. This analysis aims to evaluate the impact of international agricultural trade on achieving certain climate and environmental goals, particularly those outlined in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), mainly Goal 13, but also parts of other environment-related goals. We examined the effects of specific trade agreements, considering the current energy and climate policies, using modeling tools to focus on CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions like N2O and CH4. This helps us understand how international trade can reduce greenhouse gas emissions globally and find ways to prevent pollution from simply moving to other regions due to changes in trade. This working paper provides arguments for developing new and improved trade policies that incorporate environmental measures as tools to mitigate climate change. |
| Keywords: | international trade, environmental impact, CO2 emissions, agri-food sector, trade liberalization, carbon border adjustment mechanism |
| JEL: | F18 F64 Q17 Q56 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sec:worpap:0018 |
| By: | Saroj Bhattarai; Arpita Chatterjee; Gautham Udupa |
| Abstract: | We estimate distributional implications of global food and oil price shocks by utilizing monthly panel data on consumption and income from India, and an IV strategy that removes variation coming from global demand shocks. While both shocks lead to stagflationary aggregate dynamics, they differ in terms of distributional consequences. Consumption of lower income deciles is affected more by exogenous increases in food prices, while consumption of both tails of the income distribution is affected similarly by exogenous increases in oil prices. These heterogeneous negative consumption responses largely mirror the pattern of heterogeneity in wage income responses. Increases in relative expenditure of food, despite a rise in the relative local price of food, provides clear evidence for non-homothetic demand in non-durable consumption. Estimating the slopes of the Engel curve by impulse response matching, we find that food, compared to fuel, is a necessary consumption good for all income groups. Comparing the model predictions with the empirical consumption responses, we decompose the role played by wage income, relative price changes, and non-homotheticity in explaining our results. |
| Keywords: | Global Price shocks; Food prices; Oil prices; Inequality; Household heterogeneity; Household consumption; Necessary good; Non-homotheticity; India |
| JEL: | E31 E32 F62 O11 |
| Date: | 2025–08–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedgif:1414 |
| By: | Soguero Escuer, Jorge; Morales Opazo, Cristian |
| Abstract: | The past COVID-19 pandemic has led to severe economic consequences worldwide. The global health crisis has affected supply and demand, both domestic and international. However, the shock has been noticeably heterogeneous across sectors. Since the onset of the pandemic, agricultural markets have been resilient compared to other industries, in part due to moderately stable international trade flows. Are export restrictions less determinant than in previous crises? Have countries adopted a more trade-promoting approach compared to the previous food price crisis a decade before? This study evaluates trade policy interventions adopted since the onset of the pandemic, using a gravity setting with data on monthly trade flows. Overall, our findings suggest that government interventions have had a more positive effect on agricultural trade compared to the 2007–2008 crisis. Despite initial and short-lived export restrictions, governments have largely focused on facilitating trade flows. The most significant effect has come from trade-promoting measures and the benefits translated into enhanced trade across all regions. Some of these practices, such as acceptance of digital import documentation, could be established on a permanent basis, while others, like temporary elimination of import quotas, might be considered as efficient interventions for future crises. Products of animal origin were most affected by import restrictions, highlighting the importance of timely and accurate international notification of potential health risks to avoid speculation and market disruptions. Food import-dependent nations remain vulnerable to crises due to their sensitivity to export restrictions, even when temporary. Therefore, keeping a certain level of stock in key staple foods as well as a diversified portfolio of trade partners is imperative to ensure the resilience of domestic food markets. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Finance, Demand and Price Analysis, Food Security and Poverty, International Relations/Trade, Marketing |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:faoaes:365823 |
| By: | Taha Lahrech (IAV Hassan II - Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II); Bochra Makhlouki (IAV Hassan II - Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II); Younès Bekkar (IAV Hassan II - Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II); Imane Bounadi (IAV Hassan II - Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II); Rachid Harbouze (IAV Hassan II - Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II); Nassreddine Maatala (IAV Hassan II - Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II); Julien Burte (UMR G-EAU - Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - BRGM - Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - AgroParisTech - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | In rural areas like the Daït Aoua territory, young people often face economic marginalization due to limited access to land, financial resources, and socio-cultural constraints. This study examines the economic inclusion of youth in this region and identifies key factors influencing their participation in local economies. Using a participatory territorial approach, we combined quantitative and qualitative data through surveys, interviews, and statistical analyses. The findings highlight significant spatial inequalities restricting youth to low-income, precarious roles in agricultural labor or unpaid family work, primarily due to delayed intergenerational land transfers. Despite some efforts toward income diversification through entrepreneurship and seasonal migration, these strategies are often hindered by a lack of capital and market limitations. The research underscores the need for targeted policies to address these structural barriers, promote equitable access to resources, and foster sustainable economic development. Understanding these dynamics is essential for creating opportunities that empower rural youth, enabling them to contribute meaningfully to their communities' growth. |
| Keywords: | Maroc, jeunesse rurale, approche participative, zone rurale, économie rurale, petite exploitation agricole, développement rural, politique de développement, accès à la terre, diversification, exploitation agricole familiale, développement durable, inclusion financière, analyse économique, Territorial analysis, Rural youth, Land, Economic inclusion, Economic integration, Daït Aoua |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05182724 |
| By: | Brigitte Gouesnard (UMR AGAP - Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Yacine Diaw (ISRA - Institut sénégalais de recherches agricoles [Dakar]); Laurène Gay (UMR AGAP - Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Joëlle Ronfort (UMR AGAP - Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Jacques David (UMR AGAP - Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | Maize landraces (Zea mays subsp. mays) have evolved under the joint action of environmental factors and of the farmers who cultivated them. In this study, we aim to quantify the selection gradients exerted by farmers by proposing them a selection test consisting in choosing the ears they would select if they were to grow maize landraces the following year. The study focused on the Pyrenees region of France, where landraces were cultivated until the arrival of hybrids in the 1960s and conserved ex-situ ever since. We interviewed former Pyrenean farmers or their children who were cultivating landraces 60 years ago. The survey documented seed management practices and know-how. Our selection test showed that their selection was based solely on ears: old farmers selected healthy and productive ears by using ear length and volume as the first two selection criteria. Both were highly correlated with the kernel weight per ear. Heritabilities of ear traits at an individual plant level were estimated in one trial for four landraces and were found variable between traits and landraces (average 0.36 ranging between 0 and 0.76). We calculated the expected genetic change after one generation of mass selection, following farmer selection criteria. For ear length, genetic change was expected to reach about 3.4% (from 1 to 7.5% over the 17 selection tests). We investigated seed selection practices both east and west of the Pyrenees and compared them qualitatively with those of native American farmers. |
| Keywords: | Heritability, Seed management, Landraces, Ethnobotanical survey, Zea mays subsp. mays, Mass selection |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05210925 |
| By: | Dal, Eléonore; Rivera, Rodrigo; Morales Opazo, Cristian |
| Abstract: | In the context of fiscal reform in Costa Rica (value added tax revision), the definition of a new basic tax basket – canasta básica tributaria (CBT), incorporating nutritional criteria is underway in the country. In this study, price elasticities of major food categories were analysed using a Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) model and data from the 2018 National Survey of Household Income and Expenditures – Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares (ENIGH). Measuring price elasticities is essential because it allows: knowing the extent to which food demand reacts to price changes, anticipating changes in the quantities demanded as a result of fiscal policy changes, measuring potential substitution and complementary effects between food groups, and potential nutritional effects of fiscal policies. As a result, it helps to provide recommendations on the content of a CBT with nutritional criteria. Results show that the food categories with the most elastic demand are “bread and cereals”, "mineral waters, soft drinks and juices" and “milk, cheese and eggs”. Substitution effects exist between the following groups: “fruits” and “oils and fats”, “fruits” and “bread and cereals”, and between “milk, cheese and eggs” and “oils and fats”. For this last food category and for the one which includes sweets and chocolates, the consumption decreases when the price of “bread and cereals” increases. They are complementary goods. These relations between food groups need to be considered when defining a national CBT with nutritional criteria, and with the objective of promoting the consumption of healthier food groups while disincentivizing the consumption of the unhealthy ones. Lastly, it is important that the consumption of the healthiest foods within each food group be fiscally promoted. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Demand and Price Analysis, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty, Health Economics and Policy, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:faoaes:366849 |
| By: | Xinyu Li |
| Abstract: | Persistent financial frictions - including price volatility, constrained credit access, and supply chain inefficiencies - have long hindered productivity and welfare in the global agricultural sector. This paper provides a theoretical and applied analysis of how fiat-collateralized stablecoins, a class of digital currency pegged to a stable asset like the U.S. dollar, can address these long-standing challenges. We develop a farm-level profit maximization model incorporating transaction costs and credit constraints to demonstrate how stablecoins can enhance economic outcomes by (1) reducing the costs and risks of cross-border trade, (2) improving the efficiency and transparency of supply chain finance through smart contracts, and (3) expanding access to credit for smallholder farmers. We analyze key use cases, including parametric insurance and trade finance, while also considering the significant hurdles to adoption, such as regulatory uncertainty and the digital divide. The paper concludes that while not a panacea, stablecoins represent a significant financial technology with the potential to catalyze a paradigm shift in agricultural economics, warranting further empirical investigation and policy support. |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2507.14970 |
| By: | George, Babu (Alcorn State University); Ravola, Martha; Mattathil, Anupama Peter |
| Abstract: | This study examines the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) in enhancing nutritious food affordability and promoting healthy eating among low-income households in the United States. By analyzing recent data on SNAP participation trends, economic impacts, and barriers to healthy eating, we demonstrate the program's significant contribution to food security and its responsiveness to economic conditions. The research highlights SNAP's multiplier effect on the economy and its success in reducing food insecurity rates. It also identifies persistent challenges, such as the high cost of nutritious foods and other barriers that SNAP participants face in maintaining a healthy diet. It incorporates insights from the FY 2025 SNAP-Ed Plan Guidance, emphasizing the program's commitment to evidence-based, comprehensive approaches to nutrition education and obesity prevention. The analysis highlights the critical role of coordination and collaboration with other nutrition assistance programs and stakeholders in enhancing SNAP’s effectiveness. This paper offers a nuanced understanding of the SNAP programs' successes and challenges, informing potential improvements to further enhance food security, nutrition, and overall well-being among vulnerable populations in the United States. |
| Date: | 2025–08–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:cwdrm_v1 |
| By: | Voraprapa Nakavachara; Chanon Thongtai; Thanarat Chalidabhongse; Chanathip Pharino |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates whether climate-friendly food products command a price premium in consumer markets. Using product-level data from a supermarket in Sweden, we examine the relationship between front-of-package climate impact scores and retail prices, controlling for product size, nutritional content, and fixed effects. Contrary to the intuitive expectation of a positive green premium, we find no evidence that climate-friendly products are priced higher. In some product categories, products with better climate scores are in fact associated with lower prices, suggesting a negative premium, an outcome that gives rise to what we refer to as the green premium puzzle. We argue that market frictions such as competing consumer priorities, psychological distance from climate issues, and skepticism toward environmental labeling may suppress the price signals intended to reward sustainable consumption. These findings offer important insights for producers, retailers, and policymakers seeking to align climate goals with effective market incentives in the transition toward a more sustainable society. |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2507.10333 |
| By: | Laurene Feintrenie (UMR TETIS - Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - AgroParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); César J. Vázquez Navarrete (ColPos - Colegio de Postgraduados); Luz del Carmen Lagunes Espinoza (ColPos - Colegio de Postgraduados) |
| Abstract: | Oil palm is the world's leading oil crop, accounting for 36% of global vegetable oil production in 2020. Originally from Central and West Africa, oil palm plantations have been extended to Southeast Asia, partly at the expense of biodiversity-rich forests and peatlands storing large quantities of carbon. Negative environmental impacts have sometimes been accompanied by equally negative social impacts. Since the 2000s, oil palm plantations have been expanding rapidly in Latin America. The producing countries of the American continent have a number of characteristics in common, which differentiate them from Asia and Africa. Palm oil production costs are high, and oil palm fresh fruits bunches producers are dependent on the presence of extractive mills to purchase their production, sometimes with extensive mill supply basins based on networks of collect centers. Overall, edapho-climatic conditions are not as good as in Indonesia or Malaysia. Nevertheless, palm oil production represents an opportunity for the economic development of rural areas, and could help meet the needs in edible oil of domestic and regional markets in the continent's producing countries. What are the expectations regarding the sector? What is the risk of expanding oil palm plantations at the expense of forests? Should we fear a scenario resembling Asian expansion dynamics? The development of a sustainable sector raises many challenges. This thematic issue explores some of them, and also highlights the need for further research on the American continent to support the sustainable development of the oil palm sector. |
| Abstract: | Le palmier à huile est la première culture oléagineuse avec 36 % de la production mondiale d'huile végétale en 2020. Originaire d'Afrique centrale et de l'Ouest, le palmier à huile a vu ses plantations s'étendre en Asie du Sud-Est, en partie aux dépens d'une forêt riche en biodiversité et de tourbières stockant de grandes quantités de carbone. Les impacts négatifs sur l'environnement ont été parfois accompagnés d'impacts sociaux tout aussi néfastes. Depuis les années 2000, les plantations de palmier à huile connaissent une forte dynamique d'expansion en Amérique latine. Les pays producteurs du continent américain présentent des caractéristiques communes qui le différencient de l'Asie et de l'Afrique. Les coûts de production de l'huile de palme y sont élevés, il existe une dépendance des producteurs de régimes de palmier à la présence d'usines extractrices d'huile pour acheter leur production, avec parfois des bassins d'approvisionnement d'usine étendus via des centres de collecte, les conditions édapho-climatiques sont globalement moins bonnes qu'en Indonésie ou Malaisie. Néanmoins la production d'huile de palme représente une opportunité de développement économique pour les zones rurales, et pourrait participer à répondre aux besoins en huile alimentaire des marchés domestiques et régionaux des pays producteurs du continent. Quelles sont les attentes de la société civile vis-à-vis du secteur ? Quel est le risque d'une expansion des palmeraies aux dépens des forêts ? Faut-il craindre un scénario se rapprochant des dynamiques d'expansion asiatiques ? Le développement d'un secteur durable soulève de nombreux défis. Le dossier thématique qu'introduit cet article en explore quelques-uns, et met également en lumière le besoin de recherches supplémentaires sur le continent américain pour accompagner un développement durable du secteur élaéicole. |
| Keywords: | Amérique latine, Mexique, Elaeis guineensis, huile de palme, impact sur l'environnement, développement rural, durabilité, agroécologie, pratique culturale, développement régional, certification, politique publique, agriculture durable, production durable, Modèle de développement, Politiques publiques, Agriculture familiale, Système de culture, Élaeiculture, Development models, Public politics, Family farming, Cropping system |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05183007 |
| By: | Kopits, Elizabeth; Kraynak, Daniel; Parthum, Bryan; Rennels, Lisa; Smith, David; Spink, Elizabeth; Griffiths, Charles; Perla, Joseph; Burns, Nshan; Howerton, Michael |
| Abstract: | This paper takes a step forward in synthesizing recent evidence on estimating climate change damages specific to U.S. populations. We first present the findings from (1) existing global and U.S. models that take an enumerative approach to estimating market and nonmarket damages of climate change, (2) new impact-specific studies that have not yet been incorporated into the larger models, and (3) recent macroeconomic studies that empirically estimate the relationship between climate change and U.S. GDP. We then incorporate damage functions based on the results of these different lines of evidence into a consistent modeling framework to show what this literature implies for U.S. impact-specific social cost of greenhouse gas estimates under harmonized socioeconomic and emissions inputs, climate modeling, and discounting methods. We find that evidence on U.S.-specific damages from existing enumerative type models is still incomplete in the categories of impacts that are represented. Emerging research indicates that some missing categories, such as wildfire damages, are likely to be especially consequential to U.S. populations. Evidence from macroeconomic studies indicates that the U.S. GDP-based market damages from GHG emissions are also substantial. Combining lines of evidence on market and nonmarket damages based solely on the enumerative damage function approach provides preliminary results of U.S.-specific social cost of carbon (SC-CO2) estimates on the order of $40 or more per metric ton of CO2 for 2030 emissions. Combining evidence on GDP-based market damages with evidence on nonmarket health damages (heat- and cold-related mortality) yields U.S.-specific SC-CO2 estimates ranging from $31-85 for 2030 emissions. We discuss the many categories of market and nonmarket impacts omitted from this analysis and highlight the need for more research on climate damages to U.S. populations, not only resulting from individual direct impacts of climate change occurring within U.S. borders, but also through interaction effects and international spillover impacts. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:nceewp:368258 |
| By: | Congressional Budget Office |
| Abstract: | The agriculture sector emits greenhouse gases (GHGs) through its two main activities: producing crops and managing livestock (including poultry). The sector is the nation's leading source of emissions of GHGs other than carbon dioxide. The accumulation of GHGs in the atmosphere contributes to climate change, which affects the economy and the federal budget.In this report, CBO provides an overview of the main components of GHG emissions from agriculture, recent trends in those emissions, and projections of future emissions. |
| JEL: | H23 Q00 Q48 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025–08–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cbo:report:61467 |
| By: | Ezeofor, Vivian Kaife |
| Abstract: | This essay critically examines the European Union Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) and its potential to support the climate goals of the Paris Agreement. It explores how the EUDR uses due diligence, supply chain traceability, and risk assessments to curb deforestation-related emissions. While the regulation promises environmental benefits, it faces critiques over its impacts on smallholder farmers, enforcement complexity, and potential market distortions. The analysis considers both regulatory strengths and implementation challenges, concluding that while the EUDR alone cannot resolve global deforestation, it offers a vital mechanism for aligning international trade with sustainable, climate-resilient development. |
| Date: | 2025–08–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:qasvk_v1 |
| By: | De Simone, Lorenzo; Fahad, Muhammad; De la O Campos, Ana Paula; Cabrera Cevallos, Carlos Esteban; Ondieki, Vivian |
| Abstract: | This working paper introduces the Crop Potential Productivity Index (CropPI), a global index that integrates Earth Observation Big Data with FAO’s Crop Requirements Database to assess the potential productivity of key staple crops (maize, wheat, and rice). The index combines climate, water availability, and soil parameters into a high-resolution (250m) spatial indicator and includes a penalization strategy for seasonal stressors. CropPI has been tested in 11 African countries and validated against Net Primary Productivity (NPP), DSSAT-simulated yields, and GAEZ data. The paper discusses its applicability for policy, planning, and climate adaptation, and offers recommendations for future improvements, including dynamic phenology, irrigation data integration, and AI-based validation. |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2025–06–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:faoaes:365817 |
| By: | Timothée Fouqueray (ESE - Ecologie Systématique et Evolution - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Alexandra Langlais (IODE - Institut de l'Ouest : Droit et Europe - UR - Université de Rennes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Thomas Houet (LETG - Rennes - Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique - UBO - Université de Brest - UR2 - Université de Rennes 2 - LETG - Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 - UBO - Université de Brest - UR2 - Université de Rennes 2 - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Nantes Univ - IGARUN - Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes - Nantes Université - pôle Humanités - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université, LTSER-ZAAr - Zone Atelier Armorique Rennes - RZA - LTSER Réseau des Zones Ateliers - INEE-CNRS - Institut Ecologie et Environnement - CNRS Ecologie et Environnement - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Agriculture both contributes to and suffers from climate disruptions and biodiversity loss. To address these challenges, agricultural practices are evolving, particularly through the agroecological transition, which integrates agronomic and ecological knowledge. However, the land-use dimension – specifically parcel distribution – remains underexplored in research, despite its crucial role in this transition. This article examines the benefits and limitations of farmland exchanges in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, preserving biodiversity-friendly habitats, and improving farmers' working conditions. It is based on an analysis of dairy farming in the Zone Atelier Armorique, drawing on interviews with (para-)public agencies responsible for agricultural land management in Ille-et-Vilaine. Combining insights from ecology, geography, and law, the study first highlights how land exchanges support farmers, enhance carbon storage, and benefit species dependent on agricultural landscapes. It then evaluates the various farmland exchange mechanisms available to farmers, assessing their implications for both agricultural livelihoods and environmental sustainability. Finally, the article explores the efficiency, effectiveness, and alignment of land exchanges with territorial agri-environmental policies, positioning them within a systemic, long-term vision of the agroecological transition. The conclusion underscores the need to mobilize multiple land law instruments—including land reserves – and to allocate dedicated funding within agroecological transition budgets. This would support the long-term facilitation of land exchanges by agricultural and environmental organizations. |
| Abstract: | La agricultura contribuye de manera dispar tanto a la biodiversidad como al cambio climático y erosión. En vías de remediar lo anterior, tales prácticas agrícolas evolución en el marco de la transición agroecológica, la cual propone combinar conocimientos agronómicos y ecológicos. En tal contexto, la dimensión de la propiedad/uso de la tierra (distribución y derechos de uso de las parcelas) de estas prácticas ha sido poco explorada, a pesar de su papel decisivo en esta transición. Este artículo examina las ventajas y limitaciones de las transiciones de tierras agrícolas en términos de reducción de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, la preservación de hábitats favorables a la biodiversidad y la mejora de las condiciones de trabajo de los agricultores. El trabajo se sostiene en un análisis de la ganadería lechera en la zona de talleres de Armorique, a partir de entrevistas con los servicios (para) públicos a cargo de las tierras agrícolas en Ille-et-Vilaine. Combinando enfoques de la ecología, geografía y derecho, este estudio presenta las numerosas ventajas de las permutas de tierras agrícolas para los ganaderos, las especies que dependen de ellas y el almacenamiento de carbono. Posteriormente, examina los distintos instrumentos de permuta de tierras entre agricultores a la luz de su impacto sobre estos y el medio ambiente. Finalmente, se analiza la eficiencia, eficacia y vínculo entre las permutas de tierras y las políticas agroecológica a escala local, con vistas a integrarlas en una visión sistémica y a largo plazo en el marco de la transición agroecológica. La conclusión subraya la relevancia de movilizar conjuntamente diferentes herramientas del derecho agrario (incluida la generación de reservas de tierras) e integrar en los presupuestos de la transición agroecológica fondos orientados a la gestión en el largo plazo de las permutas de tierras por parte de las estructuras agrarias y/o medioambientales. |
| Abstract: | L'agriculture contribue aux dérèglements climatiques et à l'érosion de la biodiversité autant qu'elle en subit les conséquences Les pratiques agricoles évoluent pour y remédier, notamment à travers la transition agroécologique qui propose de combiner les savoirs de l'agronomie et de l'écologie. La dimension foncière (distribution et droits d'usage des parcelles) de ces pratiques est peu explorée par la recherche, en dépit de son caractère déterminant pour cette transition. Cet article examine les avantages et limites des échanges de foncier agricole pour la diminution des émissions de gaz à effet de serre et pour le maintien d'habitats favorables à la biodiversité, mais aussi pour les conditions de travail des agriculteurs. Il s'appuie sur l'analyse de l'élevage laitier dans la Zone Atelier Armorique, à partir d'entretiens auprès de services (para-)publics en charge du foncier agricole en Ille-et-Vilaine. Combinant des approches en écologie, en géographie et en droit, cette étude présente dans un premier temps les multiples atouts des échanges de terres agricoles pour les éleveurs, les espèces qui y sont inféodées et le stockage de carbone. Les différents outils d'échanges fonciers entre agriculteurs sont ensuite examinés à la lumière de leurs retombées pour les agriculteurs et pour l'environnement. Enfin, l'article revient sur l'efficience, l'efficacité et le lien des échanges fonciers aux politiques agri-environnementales territoriales pour les inscrire dans une vision systémique et de long-terme de la transition agroécologique. La conclusion souligne l'intérêt de mobiliser conjointement différents outils du droit foncier (dont la constitution de réserves foncières) et d'intégrer aux budgets de la transition agroécologique des crédits dédiés à l'animation à long terme d'échanges fonciers par des structures agricoles et/ou environnementales. |
| Keywords: | agriculture, land politics, sustainability, grazing, spatial practices, agricultura, políticas de suelo, sustentabilidad, pastoreo, prácticas espaciales, aspects politiques du foncier, durabilité, pâturage, pratiques spatiales |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05164929 |
| By: | Sandrine Freguin-Gresh (UMR ART-Dev - Acteurs, Ressources et Territoires dans le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier); Valérie Angeon (INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | This article examines the livelihood trajectories of Haitian migrants working in agriculture in Guadeloupe, considering the mechanisms contributing to their resilience/vulnerability. It proposes a conceptual framework that combines the sustainable livelihoods approach and the notion of "circulatory-transformative capacities" inspired by Sen. Through the analysis of capital and resources, individual choices and socio-economic trajectories, this framework allows us to understand the room for maneuver of migrants to achieve their life goals. The qualitative survey reveals how migrants mobilize, accumulate and circulate capital to support their strategies. It also highlights the influence of key resources on their trajectories and their vulnerability/resilience. Finally, it shows the importance of social capital and public policies to secure migrants' incomes, thus offering avenues for public action. |
| Keywords: | France, Guadeloupe, moyens d'existence durables, petite exploitation agricole, main d'oeuvre migrante, travailleur agricole, moyens d'existence, politique publique, capital social, Vulnerability-resilience, Migration, Sustainable Rural Livelihoods, Capabilities, Agriculture |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05182881 |
| By: | Zhang, Xin; Jing, Wang Jing; gen, Fan sheng; Feskens, Edith; Duan, Ming-Jie (Wageningen University & Research) |
| Abstract: | Promoting whole-grain consumption is crucial for fostering healthier diets and achieving sustainable food systems. However, whole grain consumption remains low in China, highlighting the necessity for effective governmental policy interventions. This study investigated the effects of information intervention and price subsidy on promoting whole-grain bread choices among Chinese consumers, using a controlled quasi-experiment in a real supermarket in urban Beijing. Three conditions—information intervention, price subsidy intervention, and control—were implemented in separate time slots over the course of eight days. The information intervention featured health messages from the 2022 Chinese dietary guidelines on whole grains, displayed next to whole-grain bread products. The price subsidy intervention provided a post-purchase cash rebate, reducing the price of high whole-grain content bread products to the lowest-priced bread of all bread products. A total of 364 participants’ choice records from shopping receipts were collected, consisting of 132 in the control group, 126 in the information intervention group, and 106 in the price intervention group. Compared to those in the control group, participants in the price subsidy intervention group have significantly increased choices of high whole-grain content bread (OR= 4.67, 95% CI 2.61-8.38), whereas the information intervention showed no significant effect on whole-grain bread choices (OR=0.95, 95% CI 0.58-1.56). The effects remained robust after adjusting for individual socio-demographic characteristics. Future policies to promote whole-grain consumption in China should go beyond only providing generic health information from dietary guidelines but incorporate fiscal measures such as price subsidies. |
| Date: | 2025–08–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:uay89_v1 |
| By: | María de Lourdes Maldonado Méndez (Universidad Autonoma Chapingo); Alejandro Ismael Monterroso Rivas (UNAM - Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico); Laura Judith Escárraga-Torres (Universidad Autonoma Chapingo); Elizabeth Bustos Linares (UNAL - Universidad Nacional de Colombia [Bogotà]); Nicole Sibelet (UMR Innovation - Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Alimentation - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | Chiapas is a Mexican state that is highly vulnerable to climate change, mainly due to its location in the intertropical zone and socioeconomic conditions. Our objective in this research was to identify the barriers and potentialities of agricultural producers in the Meseta Comiteca Tojolabal region that affect the estimation of their capacity to adapt to climate change. We applied 108 questionnaires to predominantly agricultural, livestock, or forestry producers, and we conducted ten interviews with public officials and agricultural extensionists in each municipality of the region. Through qualitative analysis, each producer was categorized based on the typology of agricultural producers in the context of climate change, and we evaluated 16 indicators. 85 % of the surveyed producers belong to family producers, 56 % belonging to types 1 to 6, considered subsistence family producers with a higher risk due to sensitivity level and exposure to climate change. Natural resources, land security ownership, and diversification of income sources are potentialities of the surveyed producers, while we identified barriers such as deficiencies in human resources, social capital, institutional capacity, and economic resources. |
| Abstract: | Chiapas es un estado de México altamente vulnerable al cambio climático, principalmente por su ubicación en la zona intertropical y por sus condiciones socioeconómicas. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar las barreras y potencialidades de los productores agrícolas de la región Meseta Comiteca Tojolabal, que inciden en la estimación de su capacidad de adaptación al cambio climático. Para ello, se aplicaron 108 cuestionarios a productores predominantemente agrícolas, pecuarios o silvicultores, así como 10 entrevistas a funcionarios públicos y extensionistas agropecuarios de cada municipio de la región. Mediante análisis cualitativo, se categorizó a cada productor con base en la tipología de productores agrícolas en contexto de cambio climático y se evaluaron 16 indicadores. El 85 % de los productores encuestados son productores familiares, de los cuales el 56 % de ellos se encuentran en los tipos 1 al 6, considerados como productores familiares de subsistencia con un mayor riesgo, debido a su nivel de sensibilidad y exposición al cambio climático. Entre las potencialidades de los productores encuestados destacan los recursos naturales, la seguridad y propiedad de la tierra, y la diversificación de fuentes de ingresos; como barreras se identifican la deficiencia de recursos humanos, capital social, capacidad institucional y recursos económicos. |
| Keywords: | Chiapas, Mexique, adaptation aux changements climatiques, impact socioéconomique, changement climatique, système d'exploitation agricole, production agricole, possibilité de production, agriculture familiale, Capacidad de adaptación, Determinantes, Factores, Vulnerabilidad, capacité d'adaptation |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05182408 |
| By: | Hope, Jessica Elizabeth (Stanford University); Green, Seth Ariel (Code Ocean); Peacock, Jacob Robert (Stanford University); Mathur, Maya |
| Abstract: | Background Decreasing meat and animal product consumption is a critical element of the EAT-Lancet directive to improve human and planetary health, but scalable, effective solutions remain elusive. Plant-based meat analogues (PMAs) are widely touted as a promising approach, but the extent to which PMAs reduce demand for meat remains unknown. Methods We examined whether offering more PMA-containing dishes on a restaurant menu decreases meat consumption, and whether offering a novel chicken-like PMA specifically decreases chicken consumption. In this preregistered, randomized controlled online experiment, 4, 431 English-speaking American adults viewed the menu from Chipotle, a popular chain restaurant. We exactly reproduced the restaurant’s real menu, except that we randomly manipulated the number of PMAs (zero, one, or two). When one PMA was offered, it was sofritas, a PMA designed by Chipotle which does not emulate any specific meat. When two were offered, they were sofritas and “chick’nitas, ” a fictitious PMA resembling chicken. As the primary outcome measure, participants chose a filling for their taco. Results Adding one or two PMAs to the menu did not meaningfully reduce the proportion of participants selecting animal-based meat. Offering one PMA (sofritas) versus none produced only a negligible 1.14 percentage point (pp) decrease in meat selection (95% CI [-1.02, 3.30], p = .30). For two PMAs (sofritas and chick’nitas) versus none, the estimated decrease was a negligible 2.14 pp (95% CI [-0.08, 4.36], p = .06). The availability of a chicken PMA may have slightly reduced demand for chicken (40.8% ordered chicken in the No-PMA Arm, 39.2% if only the nonspecific sofritas PMA was available, and 35.6% if chick’nitas was also offered). Conclusions Offering more PMAs did not meaningfully reduce meat consumption, and instead reduced demand for other vegetarian options. Overall, our findings do not support the hypothesis that expanding PMA offerings alone can meaningfully shift consumer choices away from meat. |
| Date: | 2025–08–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:z6rn2_v1 |
| By: | Kym Anderson; Glyn Wittwer |
| Abstract: | The announcements by President Trump in April 2025, of unilateral hikes of 10-50 percentage points on US import tariffs on all countries’ goods, are under threat of coming into force on 8 July 2025. This article estimates their likely effects on trade in alcoholic beverages, using a global model of national beverage markets. Various scenarios are compared. They suggest that if the tariff hike was restricted to just 20% on goods from the European Union, the value of global trade in each of the three beverages would shrink by one-tenth. But the US tariff hikes are to apply to all countries’ goods, which is estimated to shrink global exports by 13% for wine, 22% for spirits and 33% for beer. In that broader scenario, most countries’ wine exports would shrink, but exports of beer and spirits would expand for some countries thanks to the trade divergence generated by the varying tariff hikes. If the increasing uncertainty associated with these developments led to a cumulated 2% drop in consumer spending, virtually all wine-exporting countries would sell less wine to both the US and the rest of the world. That is, wine trade destruction would outweigh trade diversion. |
| JEL: | D12 F13 F14 Q17 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pas:papers:2025-09 |
| By: | Wadsworth, James; Coleman, Charita |
| Abstract: | Excerpts from the report Introduction: Agricultural cooperative statistics are collected annually and published to provide information on the position and trends among the Nation’s farmer, rancher, and fishery cooperatives. These statistics are used for cooperative benchmarking, research, technical assistance, education, planning, and public policy. The collection, analysis, and dissemination of cooperative statistics by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) are authorized by The Cooperative Marketing Act of 1926. Aggregate statistics are reported for cooperative business years ending in calendar year 2023. The information was collected by a mail survey of all organizations identified by USDA Rural Development’s Cooperative Programs as farmer, rancher, or fishery cooperatives. This report presents agricultural cooperative statistics for 2023 in table and chart format and consists of six sections: (I) overall summary cooperative statistics; (II) number of cooperatives, memberships, and employees; (III) business volume by State, and losses; (IV) Top 100 cooperatives; (V) benchmark statistics for comparing cooperatives; and (VI) cooperative statistical trends. Selected highlights are provided at the beginning of each section, and associated tables follow. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Financial Economics, Marketing |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:urdvsr:366885 |
| By: | Rich, Karl M. |
| Abstract: | Livestock value chains present a multitude of challenges in the analysis of resilience given their multidimensional role in livelihoods and complexities associated with their biological aspects of production. This paper discusses these challenges at length and provides some guidance on methodological and operational modalities to tease out these nuances that better inform public policy and the choice of technical and policy interventions. Specific advice on models, data and applications is provided. |
| Keywords: | Livestock Production/Industries |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:faoaes:365827 |
| By: | Aaron I. Plex Sulá (UF - University of Florida [Gainesville]); Valentina de Col (ICARDA - Centre international de recherche agricole dans les zones arides); Berea A. Etherton (UF - University of Florida [Gainesville]); Yanru Xing (UF - University of Florida [Gainesville]); Amogh Agarwal (UF - University of Florida [Gainesville]); Lejla Ramić (UF - University of Florida [Gainesville]); Enrico Bonaiuti (ICARDA - Centre international de recherche agricole dans les zones arides); Michael Friedmann (CIP - Centre international de la pomme de terre); Claudio Proietti (Dims - Direction de l'impact et du marketing de la science - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Graham Thiele (CIP - Centre international de la pomme de terre); Karen A. Garrett (UF - University of Florida [Gainesville]) |
| Abstract: | CONTEXT: Understanding research collaboration in diverse scientific communities is key to building global agricultural research systems that support the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Characterizing collaboration patterns can inform decisions to enhance the structure and dynamics of research programs. OBJECTIVE: We introduce a new analytic framework for evaluating collaborative research networks based on scientific publications, and an associated conceptual framework for the role of research networks in achieving societal goals. We analyzed two CGIAR Research Programs: Grain Legumes and Dryland Cereals (GLDC) and Roots, Tubers and Bananas (RTB). The analysis provides a multi-dimensional perspective on a set of key questions related to research team composition, research management structures, and performance of scientific publications. METHODS: We quantified network structures of research collaborations at the level of authors, institutions, countries, and management structures, including use of temporal exponential random graph models. We used regression models to understand the associations between the characteristics of authors and publications, and the corresponding citation rates and Altmetric Attention Scores. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We identified key network hubs in the collaboration networks of both CGIAR programs. The proportion of women as authors in publications was less than a third, with a low likelihood of co-authorship between women. Institutional hubs were identified by institutional categories; these were often institutions that are considered CGIAR program "participants", and a few were "planning partners". For both GLDC and RTB, the countries that were the focus of most research coincided with the program's priority countries. Most international collaborations occurred between institutions headquartered in Global South countries, but most intercontinental collaborations occurred between Global South and Global North countries. Most institution and author co-authorships occurred in only one year and rarely lasted two or three consecutive years. High diversity in the geographic affiliations of authors, along with highly collaborative teams, as opposed to simply the number of authors, consistently were associated with more citations and higher Altmetric Attention Scores. SIGNIFICANCE: These analyses reveal key structures in research collaboration networks in GLDC and RTB research programs, with potential to guide agricultural research systems for sustainable development. Considering these outcomes from past research management can help scientists, program managers, and funders increase the success of new research projects. Specifically, future research management strategies need to fortify existing scientific capacity and development through gender parity and balanced international collaborations, working toward more impactful publications and increased development relevance, while team size increases over time. |
| Keywords: | réseau de recherche, recherche agronomique, développement agricole, innovation agricole, analyse de réseau, gestion des ressources naturelles, programme de développement, programme de recherche, Knowledge management, Network analysis, Science of science, Science mapping, Successful research networks, Web of Science, Agricultural innovation |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05182057 |
| By: | Clémentine Violette (IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR MARBEC - MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation - MARBEC - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier); Juliette Lucas (SFA - Seychelles Fishing Authority (SFA) - Université des Seychelles); Cindy Assan (SFA - Seychelles Fishing Authority (SFA) - Université des Seychelles); Julien Lebranchu (IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR MARBEC - MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation - MARBEC - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier); Pascal Cauquil (IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR MARBEC - MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation - MARBEC - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | Effective fisheries management relies on robust data collection and analysis to monitor operations, assess stock status, evaluate impacts, and develop sustainable management strategies. A well-structured data life cycle encompassing collection, storage, analysis, and dissemination, ensures data quality and accessibility, supporting informed decision-making and sustainable resource management. With the largest Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) in the Western Indian Ocean, Seychelles' fisheries sector is vital to the nation's economy and marine conservation efforts. The Seychelles Fisheries Authority (SFA) has led the sustainable management of these resources for over four decades, harmonizing economic development with marine ecosystem conservation. However, the complexity of managing diverse fisheries, each with their specific challenge highlights the need for an efficient and transparent data workflow. To address this, the French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) and SFA have collaborated to enhance data governance by developing a structured and integrated computer system. This joint effort consolidates various data sources, including fishing operations documents, vessel tracking, and biological information into a relational database driven by web services and graphical interfaces. By improving data, reducing redundancy, and minimizing errors, this system strengthens the ability to analyze complex datasets and monitor trends effectively. This presentation will outline the various stages of the data life cycle from data collection, validation and processing to dissemination and reporting, focusing on the IRD-developed integrated system within the SFA fisheries management framework. It will also showcase the new opportunities this deployment brings, from enhanced data analysis and decision-making to improved operational efficiency. By leveraging relational databases, fisheries management can enhance data accessibility, foster regional collaboration, and support the development of evidence-based policies for sustainable resource management. |
| Keywords: | Fisheries, Fisheries Information System, Fisheries management, International collaboration, Data workflow management |
| Date: | 2025–09–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:ird-05206806 |