|
on Agricultural Economics |
| By: | Paul Stainier; Manisha Shah; Alan Barreca |
| Abstract: | We examine the impact of temperature during the growing season on household diets in the subsequent year in rural India, a setting with a high prevalence of small family farms. High growing season temperatures reduce crop yields, which would presumably reduce incomes and home-grown food for consumption. However, household adaptation could mitigate how the reductions in yields affect diets. We find that heat increases the number of strongly undernourished households in the subsequent year, as measured by the consumption of calories, iron, zinc, thiamine, and niacin. We also find suggestive evidence that households adapt to heat-induced losses of home-grown crops by purchasing more food. |
| JEL: | O13 Q12 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:34047 |
| By: | Cenacchi, Nicola; Petsakos, Athanasios; Robertson, Richard D.; Song, Chun; Mishra, Abhijeet |
| Abstract: | Food systems face dire challenges, including climate change, biodiversity loss, and resource overuse. To ensure their long-term sustainability and resilience they need urgent transformation, while continuing to support livelihoods and address rising food insecurity. The design and management of multifunctional agricultural landscapes offer a pathway to address these challenges; and improved understanding of landscape complexity, including a diverse mix of natural and cropland covers, can help advance achievement of multiple food system goals. As land managers and decision makers plan for the future of our landscapes, they need to recognize that powerful forces outside their control will have a strong influence on the final outcome. This study explores the interplay between global drivers—such as population growth, economic trends, climate change—and landscape complexity, using a modeling system linking a global agricultural economic model to a land-use model. Global trends are described, and Kenya serves as a case study, representing broader local dynamics. Results indicate that the majority of agricultural landscapes, globally and in Kenya, are projected to experience increased complexity by 2050, primarily through cropland expansion at the expense of natural habitats. However, there are a few instances where an expansion in cropland may be liked to a decrease in landscape complexity. Patterns also vary under alternative scenarios of agricultural development. Where greater complexity is achieved through policies that further concentrate agricultural land in some areas, this is mainly associated with net gains in natural habitats and a contraction of cropland. Overall, this preliminary research underscores the need for integrated landscape management and more comprehensive scenarios to inform sustainable land-use planning aligned with global food security and environmental objectives. |
| Keywords: | landscape; socioeconomics; climate change; agricultural policies; land-use change; modelling |
| Date: | 2025–06–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:175363 |
| By: | Sinclair, Maddie (University of Glasgow); Combet, Emilie; Papies, Esther K. |
| Abstract: | Food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) communicate government-supported nutrition guidance and can support people in making sustainable food choices. However, FBDGs rarely contain explicit references to environmental sustainability. Here, we report the results of a mixed-methods survey to understand how UK participants (n = 305) interpret guidelines in the Eatwell Guide concerning sustainability, particularly the consumption of animal-based and plant-based foods. To contextualise findings through participants’ lifestyles, we also assessed dietary habits and priorities, and how they access nutrition information. Participants reported high familiarity with, but low use of, the Eatwell Guide, accessing nutrition information instead through online sources and food labels. Most participants felt the Eatwell Guide recommended a diet including plant-based foods and lower in animal-based foods; however, meat-eaters found the guidelines consistent with their diet and interpreted a diet supporting the consumption of animal-based foods. Participants were motivated to eat sustainably while prioritising food prices and animal welfare. Furthermore, participants struggled with accessing, trusting, and processing information about sustainability and food. These findings highlight a unique opportunity for the Eatwell Guide, and possibly other countries’ FBDGs, to convey consistent and accessible nutrition guidelines that integrate health and sustainability. Featuring clearer information in FBDGs to increase capacity in adopting sustainable dietary practices should happen alongside other initiatives (e.g. food labelling, prioritising plant-based foods in public procurement, subsidising fruits and vegetables) to support people in the transition towards environmentally sustainable diets. |
| Date: | 2025–08–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:fu5a8_v1 |
| By: | Suvangi Rath (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER)); Tanay Suntwal (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER)); Ashok Gulati |
| Abstract: | India's agricultural trade with the Middle East is a crucial component of its export portfolio, influenced by evolving trade agreements and strong bilateral cooperation. The Middle-East nations—UAE, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Kuwait, Qatar, and Iran—rely heavily on food imports, making them key markets for Indian agricultural products. India exports a diverse range of commodities, including Basmati rice, sugar, spices, marine products, fresh fruits, and processed foods. The UAE, a major importer, received agricultural exports worth USD 2.63 billion in 2021-22, marking a significant increase. Trade agreements, particularly the India-UAE Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) signed in 2022, have strengthened India-Middle East trade, reduced tariffs and easing market access. CEPA aims to boost trade in goods and services, supporting agriculture as a priority sector. Initiatives like the India-Middle East Food Corridor further enhance supply chains and food security. Challenges persist, including non-tariff barriers such as sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) regulations and technical trade barriers (TBT). This report provides a comprehensive examination of the factors shaping agricultural trade between India and the Middle East, identifying strategies to enhance export competitiveness and promote mutually beneficial trade partnerships. The report suggests that addressing these concerns through improved product standards, enhanced logistics, and agritech collaboration can help Indian exporters. With robust diplomatic ties and growing investments, India can seek to optimise its agricultural trade with the Middle East, leveraging economic corridors and strategic trade policies for mutual growth. |
| Keywords: | trade policies, Middle-East, agriculture, bilateral trade, icrier, UAE |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdc:report:25-r-16 |
| By: | Abate, Gashaw T.; Bernard, Tanguy; Deutschmann, Joshua; Fall, Fatou |
| Abstract: | Individuals often make decisions considering both private returns and welfare impacts on others. Food safety decisions by smallholder agricultural producers exemplify this choice, particularly in low-income countries where farmers often consume some of the food crops they produce and sell or donate the rest. We conduct a lab-in-the-field experiment with peanuts producers in Senegal to study the decision to invest in food safety information, exogenously varying the degree of private returns (monetary or health-wise) and welfare impacts on others. Producers are willing to pay real money for food safety information even absent the potential for private returns, but willingness to pay increases with the potential for private returns. A randomized information treatment significantly increases willingness to pay in all scenarios. Our results shed light on the complex interplay between altruism and economic decisions in the presence of externalities, and point to the potential of timely and targeted information to address food safety issues. |
| Keywords: | food safety; health; groundnuts; aflatoxins; smallholders; returns; Senegal; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Western Africa |
| Date: | 2025–07–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:175569 |
| By: | Boukaka, Sedi Anne; Kimaiyo, Faith; Kramer, Berber; Ayalew, Hailemariam; Place, Frank |
| Abstract: | Kenya hosted one of CGIAR’s largest portfolios of research and innovation from 2022 to 2024, when pooled funding for the CGIAR was distributed through CGIAR research initiatives. This paper synthesizes CGIAR’s contributions to Kenyan agriculture in that period by triangulating two evidence streams: 148 outcomes logged in the CGIAR Performance and Results Management System (PRMS) and 56 impact assessments published as peer-reviewed journal articles. The analysis shows that CGIAR’s work has catalyzed improvements in seed systems, facilitated refinements in agronomic techniques, and encouraged the adoption of climate-resilient, sustainable farming practices and technologies. These contributions have paved the way for increasing crop productivity, while also supporting key livestock innovations that enhance food safety and bolster the resilience of pastoral communities. Robust local partnerships underpinned several policy shifts and helped align many outputs with the Bottom-Up Economic Transformation Agenda (BETA). Yet, important gaps persist. Activities are mainly concentrated in easily reached areas rather than being spread across all agro-ecological zones, and outcomes are recorded in an isolated way, obscuring how separate successes add up to systemic change. Peer-reviewed impact evaluations focused on a different set of impact areas than outcomes reported in PRMS, rarely involve cross-center collaborations, and PRMS entries seldom document how evidence, policy uptake, and multidisciplinary collaboration link together. Looking ahead to the next CGIAR Science Programs phase, the paper urges broader engagement with under-served value chains, deeper cross-program synergies, and closer alignment with Kenya’s BETA and MTP IV priorities to foster inclusive, resilient agricultural growth. |
| Keywords: | agriculture; agricultural innovation; food systems; impact assessment; resilience; Kenya; Africa; Eastern Africa |
| Date: | 2025–06–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:175411 |
| By: | de Bruin, Kelly C; Kyei, Clement Kweku; Henry, Loïc |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:esr:wpaper:wp786 |
| By: | Nicko A Magnaye (Mindoro State University); Kennedy R. Sta. Rufina (Mindoro State University); Ivan Vincent O. Fabila (Mindoro State University); Reyciel M Visca (Mindoro State University); Gerolyn B Javier (Mindoro State University); Dianne R Oliveros (Mindoro State University) |
| Abstract: | Chick to Clicks, an ICT-based approach, was implemented to address challenges faced by small-scale poultry farmers in Bansud, Oriental Mindoro, Philippines. This study aimed to assess the impact of Chick to Clicks on poultry farming productivity, market access, and technology adoption. A questionnaire was administered to evaluate farmers' knowledge of technology, market accessibility challenges, and economic implications of technology adoption. The findings revealed a mean productivity score of 3.87, indicating moderate productivity in poultry farming with the use of technology. Similarly, the mean score for market access challenges was 3.87, highlighting the moderate level of challenges faced by farmers, primarily due to high feed costs. However, farmers demonstrated awareness of the benefits of technology integration, with a mean score of 3.44, while expressing concerns about hardware availability and cost. To enhance the implementation of Chick to Clicks, recommendations were made to improve hardware accessibility and promote the advantages of technology adoption. Furthermore, this study explored the integration of ICT and social media for sales monitoring in poultry management. The research highlighted the benefits of implementing Chick to Clicks, utilizing mobile apps and online platforms for optimized management, market expansion, and improved production. The findings indicated that ICT integration provided real-time monitoring, data analytics, and enhanced business performance for farmers in Bansud, Oriental Mindoro. It is recommended that farmers embrace these technological advancements to overcome challenges, enhance productivity, and increase profitability in poultry farming. This study contributes to the understanding of the potential of ICT-based approaches in agricultural development, sustainable farming practices, and poverty reduction. |
| Keywords: | Information Communication Technology Integration Poultry Farming Productivity Market Access, Information Communication Technology, Integration, Poultry Farming, Productivity, Market Access |
| Date: | 2023–07–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05090638 |
| By: | Mikołajczak, Katarzyna; Mikolo Yobo, Christian; Chehoski, Eric; Tshibangu, Claudel; Schutgens, Maurice |
| Abstract: | Human–elephant conflict is a common problem in places where human activities and elephant habitats overlap, posing a serious threat to livelihoods and elephant conservation. In Gabon, the growing intensity of these conflicts in recent years has made it a key political issue. In 2022, Space for Giants, an international conservation non-governmental organisation, in support of the Ministry of Water, Forests, the Sea and the Environment, introduced a national mobile electric fencing programme to protect farmers from crop devastation by elephants. This report outlines the findings from our study of farmers’ experiences with Gabon’s mobile electric fencing programme. It also provides recommendations aimed at reducing the programme’s chance of failure and promoting a more sustainable and harmonious relationship between humans and forest elephants. |
| Keywords: | Africa; agriculture; behaviour change; behavioural insights; conservation; elephants; Gabon; research insight; service design |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2024–10–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:129073 |
| By: | Souryabrata Mohapatra (Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur); Amit Mitra (National Council of Applied Economic Research); Sanjib Pohit (National Council of Applied Economic Research) |
| Abstract: | India is facing a looming water crisis driven by rapid urbanisation, population growth, groundwater depletion, and climate variability. Despite receiving over 3, 800 billion cubic metres of annual precipitation, the country utilises less than one-third effectively due to uneven rainfall distribution, inadequate storage infrastructure, and poor water governance. Per capita water availability has declined sharply, while demand is projected to double by 2030. Agriculture remains the dominant water consumer, though industrial and domestic demands are rising rapidly. Groundwater over-extraction—particularly in states like Punjab, Rajasthan, and Delhi—has led to critical depletion, with 22% of groundwater blocks categorised as overexploited. Climate change further exacerbates water stress through erratic monsoons, glacial retreats, and increasing droughts and floods. This paper assesses systemic challenges across the water sector in India, from source sustainability to end-use efficiency. It also highlights policy evolution, institutional bottlenecks, and emerging governance initiatives. The study emphasises the urgent need for integrated water resource management, investment in wastewater recycling, demand-side interventions, and climate-resilient infrastructure to ensure water security. A multi-pronged strategy is essential for safeguarding livelihoods, supporting economic development, and achieving long-term sustainability. |
| Keywords: | Water scarcity, Groundwater depletion, Climate change, Urbanisation, Water governance and management, India |
| JEL: | O21 Q25 Q53 R11 |
| Date: | 2025–04–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nca:ncaerw:182 |
| By: | Mercer, Leo; Mikolajczak, Katarzyna; Chan, Tiffanie |
| Abstract: | This submission was made in response to an open consultation by the UK Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (Defra), on land use in England to support design of a future Land Use Framework (LUF) for England. It integrates insights from across the research expertise at the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment. |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2025–07–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:129039 |
| By: | Perez Dominguez Ignacio (European Commission - JRC); Barbosa Ana Luisa (European Commission - JRC); Fellmann Thomas (European Commission - JRC); Weiss Franz (European Commission - JRC); Hristov Jordan (European Commission - JRC); Witzke Heinz Peter; Kesting Monika; Basnet Shyam; Koeble Renate; Schievano Andrea (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | The European Climate Law mandates the European Union’s climate neutrality objectives by 2050, aligning with the European Green Deal and interim greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction targets. The Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sectors play a crucial role due to their dual function in sequestering carbon and emitting GHGs. This report assesses the potential contribution of the AFOLU sectors to the EU's 2050 targets using CAPRI model scenarios. Recent model enhancements enable a more integrated analysis of GHG emissions and carbon removals, allowing for a detailed assessment of land-based mitigation options. The scenarios assess increased afforestation, sustainable forest management, protection of peatlands, and pricing of AFOLU GHG emissions and removals. Results indicate that reversing GHG emission trends requires significant action, particularly enhanced soil carbon sequestration and climate-smart agricultural practices. The protection of histosols and land conversion towards grassland and forest areas significantly increase carbon dioxide removals, while lower livestock and crop production reduce methane and nitrous oxide emissions. Policies strengthening forest protection and afforestation further enhance the carbon sink capacity of the AFOLU sectors, potentially achieving negative net emissions by 2050. However, it is important to note that emission leakage (i.e., increases in emissions outside the EU) could limit global net reductions. |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc136684 |
| By: | Suvangi Rath (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER)); Tanay Suntwal (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER)); Aarushi Bhargava |
| Abstract: | India and Africa maintain a dynamic and expanding agricultural trade relationship, driven by strategic agreements and joint initiatives focused on food security, technology transfer, and sustainable development. Over the years, India has significantly increased exports of agricultural commodities such as rice, bovine meat, sugar, tea, spices, cereals, fruits, and vegetables to African nations, while importing raw materials, minerals, and petroleum products, creating a complementary trade framework. Regional trade agreements have played a crucial role in shaping this partnership. The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), the largest free trade zone globally, presents India with expanded market access by reducing tariff and non-tariff barriers. India actively collaborates with Africa through bilateral agreements and forums aimed at improving agricultural productivity and value addition. Despite efforts to ease trade restrictions, challenges such as infrastructural deficits, regulatory complexities, and sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures persist. India and Africa are working together to overcome these hurdles through capacity building, digital trade facilitation, and harmonization of standards.With bilateral trade reaching USD 243 billion in 2022-23 and agricultural exports showing strong potential for growth, this partnership continues to evolve, fostering economic diversification and strengthening trade cooperation between both regions. This report provides an in-depth and specialized analysis of the expanding agricultural trade dynamics, through focussed strategies, between India and various African nations (like Egypt, Ghana, Morocco, Tunisia, Angola, South Africa, Algeria, Nigeria, Kenya, and Ethiopia). |
| Keywords: | Agricultural trade, export, free trade, AfCFTA, bilateral trade, Africa-India |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdc:report:25-r-14 |
| By: | Harsh Wardhan (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER)); Tanay Suntwal (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER)); Ashok Gulati |
| Abstract: | Makhana (Euryale ferox), popularly known as gorgon nut, is emerging as a global superfood owing to its remarkable nutritional and medicinal value. India dominates global production, accounting for 90 per cent of the supply, with Bihar alone contributing 85–90 per cent. Despite this dominance, India's share in global makhana exports is disproportionately low. Only around 1–2 per cent of its produce is exported. As demand for plant-based, gluten-free, and functional foods grows internationally, India has a significant opportunity to strengthen its position in the global makhana trade.This report, drawing on secondary research and field visits to Darbhanga and Madhubani, outlines the present landscape of makhana production, evaluates value chain inefficiencies, and suggests actionable strategies to unlock India's export potential. |
| Keywords: | Makhana, Gorgon nut, export, policy, agriculture, production, APEDA, icrier |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdc:report:25-r-13 |
| By: | Boukaka, Sedi Anne; Benfica, Rui |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the living income gap among coffee smallholders in central Kenya. It uses detailed survey data collected from coffee farmers organized in cooperatives and from coffee farm workers in Nyeri and Murang’a counties. Our analysis finds that coffee smallholders earn an average of only 109 KSh per day, just 35 percent of the 312 KSh living income benchmark, with the gap being particularly severe in Murang’a and among those with smaller landholdings. Sensitivity analyses show that enhancing prices paid to farmers and improving yields can partially reduce the income shortfall. For instance, doubling both parameters, especially when coupled with a 50 percent increase in farmers’ non-coffee income, lowers the incidence of households below the benchmark from more than 90 percent to about 67 percent. Yet, even under these relatively optimal conditions, the persistence of a significant gap underscores deep structural constraints in the local economy. Policy recommendations therefore call for a multidimensional approach that improves production efficiency, improves and stabilizes prices, promotes income diversification, and strengthens institutional support. |
| Keywords: | coffee; diversification; smallholders; poverty; productivity; income distribution; living standards; Kenya; Africa; Eastern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa |
| Date: | 2025–06–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:175180 |
| By: | Turner, Dylan; Tsiboe, Francis; Arita, Shawn; Steinbach, Sandro |
| Abstract: | This report examines the policy and market landscape shaping risk management in the U.S. sugar sector, with a focus on the potential introduction of Revenue Protection (RP) crop insurance for sugar beets under the Federal Crop Insurance Program (FCIP). It analyzes the relative price volatility of sugar compared to other major crops, evaluates historical adoption patterns of yield versus revenue protection plans, and projects the fiscal implications of introducing RP coverage. The findings provide insights into likely shifts in insurance participation and cost outcomes under alternative adoption scenarios. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Demand and Price Analysis, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2025–08–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:ndsuag:364764 |
| By: | de Bruin, Kelly C; Kyei, Clement Kweku; Henry, Loïc |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:esr:wpaper:wp788 |
| By: | König, Leonard Maximilian |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the role of language and discursive strategies in constructing and legitimizing truth claims about climate change as a security issue within the European Union (EU), focusing on European Parliament decisions and key Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) documents. Employing an explanatory sequential mixed-methods approach, the research integrates quantitative computational linguistic techniques with qualitative critical discourse analysis to provide a comprehensive understanding of how climate change is framed as a security threat in the EU's CFSP and its implications for climate change mitigation and adaptation. The findings reveal an increased emphasis on security implications of climate change, a higher focus on the relationship between climate change and security, and a shift in focus from topics such as migration, energy, and economic issues to human and environmental aspects, as well as defence and regional issues. The study also highlights the interconnectedness of securitisation and riskification framings in constructing climate change as a security issue within CFSP policy documents. These insights contribute to existing literature on climate change securitisation, critical discourse analysis, and policy-making within the EU context. The research underscores the importance of adopting a comprehensive approach to address climate change-related security risks, prioritizing actions that address both direct impacts of climate change on ecosystems and societies, enhancing collaboration with various stakeholders, and developing policies that encompass a wide range of strategies for mitigation and adaptation efforts. |
| Date: | 2025–07–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:zfywa_v1 |
| By: | Ingram, Will; Dookie, Denyse; Mikolajczak, Katarzyna; Vincent, Katharine; Brewer, Tim; Barry, Djibril; Komakech, Hans; Degange, Abel; Chinangwa, Walter; Taing, Lina; Mhando, Christina; Thorseth, Astrid; Truelove, Julie; Lalika, Christossy; Gungulundi, Vitus Tondelo; Punch, Alastair; Kaiser, Jeanette L.; Joshua, Miriam; Casey, Vincent; Conway, Declan; Gannon, Kate |
| Abstract: | The BASIN project – Behavioural Adaptation for Water Security and Inclusion – is breaking new ground by bringing behavioural research into the challenging area of climate change adaptation and water insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa. BASIN is a large transdisciplinary research project made up of four universities, three NGOs across seven country offices, and an intermediary knowledge broker organisation, with up to 50 team members at any one time. The process of designing the project is therefore new and exploratory, both in terms of the subject matter and the priorities of the partners. From its conception, BASIN has followed an integrated, synthesised approach to co-designing research to reconcile the different priorities and cultures of research and practice. This co-design process is outlined within this brief. |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2025–05–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:129045 |
| By: | Suvangi Rath (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER)); Tanay Suntwal (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER)); Aishwarya Rohatgi |
| Abstract: | India-ASEAN agricultural trade has grown significantly in the past two decades, though challenges remain in achieving balanced growth. India's agricultural exports to ASEAN have increased, but overall, it has faced a trade deficit, with imports consistently surpassing exports except in a few years. The ASEAN-India Free Trade Agreement (AIFTA), signed in 2008 and implemented in 2010, aimed to boost trade by reducing tariffs on agricultural and other goods. Early Harvest Schemes, such as the 2006 agreement with Thailand, were initial steps toward gradual tariff reductions on select products. Despite these concessions, India's export growth has been constrained by non-tariff measures (NTMs), including sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) regulations and technical trade barriers (TBT). While some NTMs declined after the FTA, market access remains limited. Trade intensity indices indicate a strong preference for agricultural exports to ASEAN, with Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, and Myanmar as key partners. However, ASEAN's competitive position in agricultural trade has resulted in a trade balance favouring ASEAN. This report explores the opportunities to strengthen India's agricultural exports by improving product standards, diversifying exports, enhancing trade facilitation, and leveraging India's proximity to ASEAN markets (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam) for logistical advantages. |
| Keywords: | ASEAN-India Agriculture Trade, AIFTA, Non-Tariff-Measures, Agriculture, icrier, |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdc:report:25-r-15 |
| By: | Nicko A Magnaye (Mindoro Staten University) |
| Abstract: | The study focused on evaluating the developed E-Trading Application for Rice Farmers in the Province of Oriental Mindoro, which aimed to improve the quality of selling the products in the market. The evaluation was based on ISO 25010 in determining the performance of the E-Trading Application for Rice Farmers in the Province of Oriental Mindoro, using the five (5) criteria, which are functional suitability, performance efficiency, usability, reliability, and security. The development phase used the developed E-Trading Application for Rice Farmers in the Province of Oriental Mindoro. The Waterfall Software Development Life Cycle Model involves gathering requirements, analysis, design, code, test, and user acceptance. The respondents evaluated the performance of the E-Trading Application for Rice Farmers as Effective. The results, using a t-test, showed that there is no significant difference between the evaluation of the rice farmers and IT practitioners in the performance of the E-Trading Application for Rice Farmers. The E-Trading Application for Rice Farmers was developed using the different stages in the Waterfall methodology. No significant difference exists in the evaluation between the rice farmers and IT practitioners on the developed E-trading Application as to functional suitability, performance efficiency, usability, reliability, and security. The E-Trading Application was recommended to the entire region of MIMAROPA for implementation to cater to more farmers and consider the respondents' suggestions to further improve the application. |
| Keywords: | e-trading rice farmers ICT adoption quality of selling products, e-trading, rice farmers, ICT adoption, quality of selling products |
| Date: | 2023–07–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05090632 |
| By: | Eyal G. Frank; Qinyun Wang; Shaoda Wang; Xuebin Wang; Yang You |
| Abstract: | How do large disruptions to ecosystems affect human well-being? This paper tests the long-standing hypothesis that China's 1958 Four Pests Campaign, which exterminated sparrows despite scientists’ warnings about their pest-control role, exacerbated the Great Famine—the largest in human history. Combining newly digitized data on historical agricultural productivity in China with habitat suitability modeling methods in ecology, we find that, after sparrow eradication, a one-standard-deviation increase in sparrow suitability led to 5.3% larger rice and 8.7% larger wheat declines. State food procurement exacerbated these losses, resulting in a 9.6% higher mortality in high-suitability counties—implying nearly two million excess deaths. |
| JEL: | N55 Q50 |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:34087 |
| By: | Kodirkhonov, Bekhzod |
| Abstract: | Purpose: This review aims to evaluate recent evidence on the real-world effectiveness of food safety management systems (FSMS), including third-party certification, HACCP programs, and training initiatives, particularly in developing countries, with a specific focus on the case study of Uzbekistan. Methodology: A structured strategy was used to examine 16 academic papers and five additional reports published between 2018 and 2025. The findings were divided into three categories: certification outcomes, HACCP efficacy, and training impacts, and then applied particularly to Uzbekistan. Findings: • Certifications like ISO 22000 and BRC notably improved compliance and correlated with fewer food safety incidents. • HACCP implementation reduced hazards significantly, but these improvements were sustainable only with regular audits. • Targeted, hands-on training sessions substantially improved employee knowledge and safe handling practices, particularly when led by qualified managers. • Organizational culture, managerial commitment, and effective regulatory oversight were critical for achieving meaningful results. Focus region: Uzbekistan's recent legislative initiatives, in conjunction with foreign support, present a considerable opportunity to adopt rigorous, risk-based safety monitoring and strengthen its safety culture, despite obstacles including periodic foodborne outbreaks and insufficient inspection resources. Practical implications: Policymakers should prioritize genuine safety outcomes over mere certification, engage in practical training and technology solutions for small businesses, leverage safety data to target inspection efforts, and incorporate food safety culture explicitly into national regulations. |
| Keywords: | FSMS, effectiveness, HACCP, certification, Uzbekistan, policy, implication |
| JEL: | Q18 I18 L15 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:323484 |
| By: | Olga Bondarenko (National Bank of Ukraine) |
| Abstract: | I propose partial-equilibrium models that describe the dynamics of global wheat and corn markets. These models extend the classic competitive storage framework by incorporating nonstationary variables. They are calibrated using data from Ukraine and key importing and exporting countries. The models enable the endogenous estimation of price trends, based on the observed movements in the underlying variables. This framework provides insights into how involuntary reductions in Ukraine’s global market presence, triggered by russia’s invasion, could have affected trend prices. |
| Keywords: | commodity storage, trends, nonstationary models, numerical methods |
| JEL: | C32 C63 Q11 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ukb:wpaper:02/2025 |
| By: | Caggese, Andrea; Chiavari, Andrea; Goraya, Sampreet Singh; Villegas‑Sanchez, Carolina |
| Abstract: | This paper uses a general equilibrium framework to examine the effects of temperature on firm-level demand, productivity, and input allocation efficiency, deriving an aggregate damage function for climate change. Using data from Italian firms and detailed climate data, it uncovers a sizable negative effect of extreme temperatures on firm-level productivity and revenue-based marginal product of capital. Based on these estimates, the model generates aggregate productivity losses from local temperature fluctuations that are higher than previously thought, ranging from 0.60 to 6.82 percent depending on the scenario and the extent of adaptation. Notably, these losses are approximately four times greater than those estimated by averaging firm-level losses in a representative firm model, which does not capture frictions that alter allocative efficiency in a heterogeneous firm setting. Therefore, incorporating our framework into Integrated Assessment Models is likely to revise upwards the estimated economic costs of climate change. JEL Classification: Q54, D24, D22, O44 |
| Keywords: | aggregate productivity, allocative efficiency, climate change, firms |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecb:ecbwps:20253084 |
| By: | Grimm, Daniel |
| Abstract: | The research presented in this PhD thesis examines various aspects of oyster mushroom cultivation and food security, focusing on production, sustainability and adaptation in the case of Uganda. Due to population growth, decreasing crop land availability, depletion of agricultural resources and climate change, landless food production and circular agricultural systems could play a more important role in the future. It is particularly important to develop sustainable production techniques adapted to the context of sub- Saharan Africa, where the challenges are the greatest. Oyster mushrooms are protein-rich, high-yielding, can by cultivated on a wide range of crop residues and are the most commonly cultivated mushroom in Uganda and many other African countries. This makes them an important subject to study in the context of food security. A review of the scientific literature on mushroom cultivation in the context of recycling discusses several pathways in which mushroom cultivation can contribute to the agricultural system as a whole, in addition to the primary objective of producing mushrooms. The use of spent mushroom substrate for vermicomposting to produce high quality compost and earthworms that can be used as animal feed may be the most promising circular model. However, there are many other options, such as using the mushrooms themselves as animal feed or producing several mushroom species in succession on the same substrate. Since sustainable mushroom production requires an integration with crop and livestock production within a circular system, it is an important question which substrates to use for cultivation. The use of nutrient- poor straw from cereals and legumes for oyster mushroom cultivation is a good option, as these substrates only have very limited value as animal feed. The productivity of four different types of straw was determined experimentally. Maize and soy straw were particularly productive, yielding 9.2 and 8.6 g of dry mushrooms per 100 g of dry substrate. Faba bean straw was significantly less productive, with only 6.6 % of the substrate being converted into mushrooms. However, faba bean straw, which had the highest nitrogen content of the four straw types that were compared, also produced mushrooms with a higher protein content. Wheat straw, on the other hand, was found to be an inferior substrate, yielding only 3.8 g of dry mushrooms per 100 g of dry substrate. Approximately 60 - 80 % of the dry matter, carbon and nitrogen is retained in the spent mushroom substrate after cultivation and between 3.5 kg (on wheat straw) and 2.6 kg (on soy straw) of carbon is emitted per kg of mushroom produced. Despite promising prospects, some aspects of current mushroom production are not sustainable. In particular, the pasteurization or sterilization of mushroom substrates uses a lot of energy and water. In an experimental comparison of four different methods, hot air pasteurization emerges as the most sustainable option. However, it was also found that sterilization can significantly increase oyster mushroom yields compared to pasteurization. The first harvest was up to 50 % higher when the substrate was autoclaved, while no significant difference could be found between the different pasteurization methods. Adapting the use of sustainably sourced substrates and of resource-efficient pasteurization or sterilization methods to Uganda, was found to be challenging but ultimately have great potential for improving local food security. In a case-study, including field work, key-informant interviews and a mushroom cultivation experiment, maize stover was found to be an underutilized resource. 13 % more food and 33 % more protein could be produced on the same land if maize stover was used for mushroom cultivation instead of being burned, which is currently a common practice in Uganda. The main challenges to realizing this potential are infrastructural barriers for collecting and preparing maize straw for mushroom cultivation and for distributing cheap, high-quality mushroom spawn. It is also important to enable Ugandan mushroom farmers to use more sustainable pasteurization practices if mushroom production is to be promoted in the country. Given the great potential of mushroom production to increase food security and improve the 59 sustainability of the agricultural production, more resources should be devoted to researching mushroom cultivation in circular food systems and developing solutions that are applicable to the sub-Saharan African context. |
| Abstract: | Die in dieser Dissertation vorgestellte Forschung untersucht verschiedene Aspekte des Austernpilzanbaus und der Ernährungssicherheit mit Schwerpunkt auf Produktion, Nachhaltigkeit und Anpassung am Beispiel Ugandas. Aufgrund des Bevölkerungswachstums, der abnehmenden Verfügbarkeit von Ackerland, der Erschöpfung landwirtschaftlicher Ressourcen und des Klimawandels könnten landlose Nahrungsmittelproduktion und zirkuläre landwirtschaftliche Systeme in Zukunft eine wichtigere Rolle spielen. Es ist besonders wichtig, nachhaltige Produktionstechniken zu entwickeln, die an den Kontext sub- Sahara Afrikas angepasst sind, wo die Herausforderungen am größten sind. Austernpilze sind proteinreich, ertragreich, können auf einer Vielzahl von Ernterückständen angebaut werden und sind die am häufigsten angebauten Pilze in Uganda und vielen anderen afrikanischen Ländern. Dies macht sie zu einem wichtigen Studienobjekt im Kontext der Ernährungssicherheit. Bei der Analyse der wissenschaftlicher Literatur zum Pilzanbau in Recycling-Kontexten wurden mehrere Möglichkeiten diskutiert wie der Pilzanbau neben dem primären Ziel der Pilzproduktion zum landwirtschaftlichen System insgesamt beitragen kann. Die Verwendung von verbrauchtem Pilzsubstrat für die Wurmkompostierung zur Erzeugung von hochwertigem Kompost und Würmern, die als Futter verwendet werden können, könnte das vielversprechendste Kreislaufmodell sein. Aber auch viele andere Optionen, wie die Verwendung der Pilze selbst als Tierfutter oder die Produktion mehrerer Pilzarten nacheinander auf demselben Substrat, sind erwähnenswert. Da eine nachhaltige Pilzproduktion eine Integration mit Pflanzen- und Tierproduktion innerhalb eines zirkulären Systems erfordert, ist es eine wichtige Frage, welche Substrate für den Anbau verwendet werden sollen. Die Verwendung von nährstoffarmem Getreide- und Leguminosenstroh ist für den Austernpilzanbau ist eine gute Option, da diese Substrate nur einen sehr begrenzten Wert als Tierfutter haben. Die Produktivität von vier verschiedenen Strohsorten wurde experimentell ermittelt. Mais- und Sojastroh waren besonders produktiv und lieferten 9, 2 bzw. 8, 6 g Trockenpilz pro 100 g Trockensubstrat. Ackerbohnenstroh war signifikant weniger produktiv, wobei nur 6, 6 % des Substrats in Pilze umgewandelt wurden. Ackerbohnenstroh, das den höchsten Stickstoffgehalt der vier verglichenen Strohtypen hatte, produzierte jedoch auch Pilze mit einem höheren Proteingehalt. Weizenstroh hingegen erwies sich mit nur 3, 8 g Trockenpilz pro 100 g Trockensubstrat als minderwertiges Substrat. Zwischen 60 - 80 % der Trockenmasse, des Kohlenstoffs und Stickstoffs blieben im verbrauchten Pilzsubstrat nach dem Anbau zurück, und zwischen 3, 5 kg (bei Weizenstroh) und 2, 6 kg (bei Sojastroh) Kohlenstoff wurden pro kg produzierter Pilze emittiert. Trotz vielversprechender Aussichten sind einige Aspekte der derzeitigen Pilzproduktion nicht nachhaltig. Insbesondere die Pasteurisierung oder Sterilisierung von Pilzsubstraten verbraucht viel Energie und Wasser. Im experimentellen Vergleich von vier verschiedenen Methoden erwies sich die Heißluftpasteurisierung als die nachhaltigste Option. Es wurde jedoch auch festgestellt, dass Sterilisierung mit einem Autoklaven die Erträge von Austernpilzen im Vergleich zur Pasteurisierung signifikant erhöhen kann. Die erste Ernte war bis zu 50 % größer, wenn das Substrat autoklaviert wurde, während zwischen den verschiedenen Pasteurisierungsmethoden kein signifikanter Unterschied festgestellt werden konnte Die Verwendung nachhaltig produzierter Substrate und ressourceneffizienter Pasteurisierungs- oder Sterilisierungsmethoden erwies sich im ugandischen Kontext als herausfordernd, birgt jedoch großes Potenzial zur Verbesserung der Ernährungssicherheit. In einer Fallstudie, die Feldarbeit, Interviews und ein Experiment zur Pilzzucht umfasste, wurde festgestellt, dass Maisstroh häufig unproduktiv genutzt wird. 13 % mehr Nahrungsmittel und 33 % mehr Protein könnten auf der gleichen Fläche produziert werden, wenn 60 Maisstroh für den Pilzanbau verwendet würde, anstatt es zu verbrennen, was derzeit in Uganda weit verbreitet ist. Die Hauptprobleme bei der Realisierung dieses Potenzials sind infrastrukturelle Barrieren bei der Sammlung und Aufbereitung von Maisstroh für den Pilzanbau und bei der Bereitstellung von preiswerter, hochwertiger Pilzbrut. Es ist auch wichtig, ugandische Pilzbauer in die Lage zu versetzen, nachhaltigere Pasteurisierungspraktiken anzuwenden, wenn die Pilzproduktion im Land gefördert werden soll. Angesichts des großen Potenzials der Pilzproduktion die Ernährungssicherheit zu erhöhen und die Nachhaltigkeit der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion zu verbessern, sollten mehr Mittel für die Erforschung des Pilzanbaus in zirkulären Ernährungssystemen und für die Entwicklung von Lösungen die auf den Kontext in Subsahara-Afrika anwendbar sind, bereitgestellt werden. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:jhtiwp:323200 |
| By: | Sithole, Mixo Sweetness |
| Abstract: | This study investigated the impact of extreme climate change on inflationary expectations and its implications for macroeconomic policy in South Africa over the period 1970 to 2023. Using an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, the analysis explores both the short run and long run relationships between inflation and key climate and macroeconomic indicators, including temperature anomalies, agricultural output, food production, broad money supply, real interest rates, and carbon dioxide (C02) emissions. The ARDL bounds test confirmed the existence of a long run cointegration relationship among the variables. Empirical findings revealed that rising temperatures and C02 emissions exert significant inflationary pressures in both the short run and long run. Conversely, increases in agricultural output and money supply are associated with disinflationary effects. The error correction term is negative and statistically significant, indicating a rapid adjustment towards equilibrium following short-term shocks. Diagnostic tests confirmed the stability and robustness of the model. These findings underscored the macroeconomic significance of climate change and highlighted the need for the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) to incorporate climate-related risks into its inflation-targeting framework and broader policy formulation. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, inflation, temperature, central bank, microeconomic policy, South Africa |
| JEL: | Q11 Q18 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:125395 |
| By: | de Bruin, Kelly C; Henry, Loïc; Kyei, Clement Kweku; Yakut, Aykut Mert |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:esr:wpaper:wp790 |
| By: | Yunus Emre Karagulle (Center for Agricultural Trade, Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Virginia Tech); Charlotte Emlinger (CEPII, Paris, France); Jason H. Grant (Center for Agricultural Trade, Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Virginia Tech) |
| Abstract: | How much do non-tariff measures (NTMs) affect U.S. agricultural exports? While countries maintain a large and diverse set of NTMs to safeguard the health of plants, animals, and humans, policymakers and regulatory bodies may neglect the impact these measures have on international trade. This paper evaluates the impact of two broad types of NTMs important to U.S. food and agricultural exports: sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures and technical barriers to trade (TBTs). We construct a new database detailing the more prominent SPS and TBT measures impacting U.S. exports as highlighted in the Office of the United States Trade Representative's (USTR) National Trade Estimate (NTE) report from 2007 to 2021. Using a theoretically consistent gravity equation, we find that SPS and TBT measures reduce U.S. agricultural exports by 34.5%, on average, equivalent to a 16.4% ad valorem tariff. However, we find little evidence that these NTMs significantly affect the probability of U.S. exports or export survival in destination markets (i.e., the probability of export failure) suggesting that these measures primarily impact variable trade costs and the intensive margin of trade. |
| Keywords: | gravity model; non-tariff measures; sanitary and phytosanitary; technical barriers to trade; U.S. agricultural exports |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:vpi:aaecpp:aaecpp2025-01 |
| By: | Arne Henningsen (Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark); Guy Low (Business Economics Group, Wageningen University & Research, The Netherlands); David Wuepper (Institute for Food and Resource Economics, University of Bonn, Germany); Tobias Dalhaus (Business Economics Group, Wageningen University & Research, The Netherlands); Hugo Storm (Institute for Food and Resource Economics, University of Bonn, Germany); Dagim Belay (Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark); Stefan Hirsch (Department of Management in Agribusiness, University of Hohenheim, Germany) |
| Abstract: | Most research questions in agricultural and applied economics are of a causal nature, i.e., how one or more variables (e.g., policies, prices, the weather) affect one or more other variables (e.g., income, crop yields, pollution). Only some of these research questions can be studied experimentally. Most empirical studies in agricultural and applied economics thus rely on observational data. However, estimating causal effects with observational data requires appropriate research designs and a transparent discussion of all identifying assumptions, together with empirical evidence to assess the probability that they hold. This paper provides an overview of various approaches that are frequently used in agricultural and applied economics to estimate causal effects with observational data. It then provides advice and guidelines for agricultural and applied economists who are intending to estimate causal effects with observational data, e.g., how to assess and discuss the chosen identification strategies in their publications. |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2508.02310 |
| By: | Reena Singh (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER)); Purvi Thangaraj (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER)); Ashok Gulati |
| Abstract: | Agrifood systems are vital for the achievement of 2030 Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KM-GBF) and the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) Targets 2030, particularly Target 18 "Repurpose detrimental incentives for biodiversity". This report inform about the general linkages between agrifood incentives and their potential adverse effects on the agrobiodiversity. The report synthesizes, calculates, and assesses the extent and impact of Agrifood Budgetary Support (AFBS) provided at the national and state (Punjab, Madhya Pradesh and Telangana) levels. India's AFBS increased from ₹ 355 billion to ₹6328 billion per annum between FY01 to FY25. In TE 2024, it was ₹ 7076 billion, which is 17.3 per cent of the total budget expenditure and 2.7 per cent of the country's GDP. As this report demonstrates that the unconditional subsidies linked to the inputs can lead to negative environmental and biodiversity outcomes. Of the total AFBS, 28 per cent of the support was found to be detrimental to biodiversity. Instead of incentivizing biodiversity harmful practices, India should assess options to repurpose subsidy policies to neutralize their effects on biodiversity. This is also critical to the resource mobilization to implement the KM-GBF. |
| Keywords: | Agrifood, biodiversity, AFBS, harmful practices, icrier, UNDP, food-policies |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdc:report:25-r-17 |
| By: | Gardner, Benjamin (University of Surrey); Walker, Ian (Swansea University); Daly, James Edward Michael; Brown, Julia (University of Portsmouth); Voss, Sofie; Pereira-Doel, Pablo (University of Surrey) |
| Abstract: | The UK water sector wants to embrace behavioural science to alleviate water scarcity. We co-created, with over 100 individuals from 60 organisations within the UK water sector, an agenda to identify behaviour change priorities. Three activities were undertaken: a workshop, online survey, and webinar. Written input (workshop, webinar) was synthesised to identify and thematise key questions. Survey data quantified the prioritisation of questions. Of seven themes identified, five focused on consumers (identifying behaviour change targets, understanding water use perceptions and behaviour, navigating public acceptability, developing behavioural solutions, contextualising behaviour change), and two on the water sector (building capacity and knowledge, moving beyond behaviour change). Fixing leaks, showering, and toilet-flushing were deemed the most important behaviours to change. Prioritised knowledge gaps focused on identifying behaviours to target, and delivering effective and acceptable water efficiency initiatives. The agenda can be used to guide future domestic water efficiency behaviour change research and action. |
| Date: | 2025–07–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:9j6zk_v1 |
| By: | Wadsworth, James; Coleman, Charita |
| Abstract: | Excerpts from the report Introduction: Agricultural cooperative statistics are collected annually and published to provide information on the position and trends among the Nation’s farmer, rancher, and fishery cooperatives. These statistics are used for cooperative benchmarking, research, technical assistance, education, planning, and public policy. The collection, analysis, and dissemination of cooperative statistics by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) are authorized by The Cooperative Marketing Act of 1926. Aggregate statistics are reported for cooperative business years ending in calendar year 2022. The information was collected by a mail survey of all organizations identified by USDA Rural Development’s Cooperative Programs as farmer, rancher, or fishery cooperatives. This report presents agricultural cooperative statistics for 2022 in table and chart format and consists of six sections: (I) overall summary cooperative statistics; (II) number of cooperatives, memberships, and employees; (III) business volume by State, and losses; (IV) Top 100 cooperatives; (V) benchmark statistics for comparing cooperatives; and (VI) cooperative statistical trends. Selected highlights are provided at the beginning of each section, and associated tables follow. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Financial Economics, Marketing |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:urdvsr:364783 |
| By: | Chowdhury, Emon |
| Abstract: | The rapid industrialization and economic growth of Bangladesh, particularly in the ready-made garment sector, have raised significant concerns about sustainability. This study investigates how businesses and consumers in Bangladesh are incorporating sustainability into their practices and decision-making. By exploring factors influencing the adoption of these practices, their impact on financial performance, and consumer attitudes toward sustainability, the research contributes to understanding the sustainability scenario of Bangladesh. Data from 225 businesses and 639 consumers were analyzed. Findings reveal a growing emphasis on these factors among businesses, linked to improved financial outcomes. However, challenges such as consumer price sensitivity and limited knowledge about sustainability persist. While consumer awareness of sustainability is increasing, a significant segment remains willing to pay a premium for sustainable products. The study highlights the importance of businesses embracing these practices and the need for supportive policies to foster a sustainable future. |
| Keywords: | ESG; sustainability; Bangladesh; consumer behavior; SDG |
| JEL: | F0 M2 P4 |
| Date: | 2025–04–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:125326 |
| By: | Felipe Córdova; Pablo García Silva; Federico Natho; Josué Perez; Mauricio Salas; Francisco Vásquez |
| Abstract: | Climate change poses significant challenges to economies worldwide, including Chile, where adverse effects are already evident and expected to worsen. To assess the financial impact of climate change, understanding agents' exposure to natural events is crucial yet challenging due to data scarcity. This paper focuses on evaluating exposure to physical risks in Chile, utilizing a novel approach that combines micro-level administrative sales data, firm-level debt information, and physical risk scenarios at the municipality level. The dataset covers all invoice transactions at the firm level in Chile, enabling precise computation of physical risk exposures. This granular approach provides unprecedented insights into climate change's potential impacts on economic sectors, agents, and regions. There is a high concentration of sales and banking debt in municipalities with high physical risks. About half of sales and debt are in municipalities that might face extreme heat episodes in the future, this number decreases to 15% when dealing with urban fire risk. The study contributes to closing data gaps in climate-related research, offering a comprehensive evaluation of physical risk exposures in all 345 municipalities in Chile. Results highlight the diverse economic landscape of Chile and sheds light on the country’s unique challenges, including water safety, extreme heat, urban fires, hydroelectric generation, and heat mortality, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to enhance economic resilience. |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:chb:bcchee:144 |
| By: | Sanjib Pohit (National Council of Applied Economic Research); Devender Pratap (National Council of Applied Economic Research); Chetana Chaudhuri (National Council of Applied Economic Research) |
| Abstract: | Unlike other countries, economy-wide modelling in India generally has treated the Indian nation as one entity even though one recognises that the states/regions differ significantly in respect of their resource base and factor endowments. Of course, a few models at the state level exist. However, these models do not capture the transmission channels from the rest of India since these types of models treat the rest of India as merely a balancing mechanism. A few of the existing research studies for India using a Computable General Equilibrium model use a top-down approach to analyse state-level issues. A major drawback of this approach is the lack of consideration for region-specific price effects, for which the effect of state-sponsored programmes or imperfect factor mobility or disparities across regions cannot be captured in these models. Our study is the first attempt to develop a bottom-up model--TERM (The Enormous Regional Model)-for India. The model is utilised to understand the implications of a hypothetical drought in a region (South India) and how the effect transmits to the rest of India, through a 52 commodity sector TERM model for 7 regions in India encompassing 31 states and Union Territories. Each region within the model has its own input–output database and agricultural product mix, and the simulation in this static TERM model depicts short-run effects. The study shows that despite being limited to some states in South India, the drought is likely to have a moderate impact on the Indian economy. Both GDP and employment are going to be affected at the national level, and the parameters are affected in several states in India, that are not necessarily situated in the southern region. The interconnectedness of the regions causes reduction in employment and the wage rate, leading to migration of labour and redistribution of investment. |
| Keywords: | The Enormous Regional Model (TERM), bottom-up Computable General Equilibrium model, India, Drought |
| JEL: | C68 J21 R13 |
| Date: | 2025–04–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nca:ncaerw:181 |
| By: | Sawczuk, Thomas; Greatwood, Hannah; Gilthorpe, Mark S; Morris, Michelle; Jenneson, Victoria (University of Leeds); Wilkins, Emma; Green, Mark Alan (University of Liverpool); Johnstone, Alexandra (University of Aberdeen); Griffiths, Claire |
| Abstract: | Objective To assess whether calorific screening thresholds improved the agreement between objective consumer purchase data, from supermarket transaction records, and self-reported dietary intake, from a Food Frequency questionnaire (FFQ), for people living with (PLWOw/Obwith) and without (PLWOw/Obwithout) overweight/obesity. Design Participants were recruited across a one-year period (1st June 2020 – 31st May 2021). Six screening thresholds were employed, using the estimated number of calories purchased for the individual, to filter participant data. Bland-Altman analyses were compared between PLWOw/Obwith and PLWOw/Obwithout for energy, sugar, total fat, saturated fat, protein and sodium. Setting Partnered with a large UK retailer. Participants Participants (N=1788) were recruited via the retailer’s loyalty card customer database. Participants with completed FFQs, shared transaction records, height, weight and household composition data were included for analysis (N=642). Results Agreement was found between objective purchase data and self-reported dietary intake at ≥1000 Kcal/day (energy, sugar, total fat and saturated fat) and ≥1500 Kcal/day (protein and sodium). PLWOw/Obwith consumed greater energy (19%), sugar (36%), total fat (22%) and saturated fat (25%) than they were estimated to have purchased at the retailer. PLWOw/Obwithout only consumed greater sugar (19%). Conclusions The application of screening thresholds based on estimated individual calories purchased may provide a valuable preprocessing step within the analysis of consumer purchase data, allowing agreement to be found for absolute nutrient values. Differences in bias between PLWOw/Obwith and PLWOw/Obwithout show that insights into purchase and consumption patterns can be identified using consumer purchase data. |
| Date: | 2025–07–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:trhfm_v1 |
| By: | Ritika Juneja (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER)); Sulakshana Rao (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER)); Ashok Gulati |
| Abstract: | Despite being a leading producer of bananas, mangoes, and potatoes, India exports only a small share of its output, highlighting a critical gap between production and export performance. This joint report by APEDA and ICRIER presents an actionable roadmap to boost India’s horticulture exports by focusing on bananas, mangoes (and pulp), and potatoes (and value-added products). It analyzes global competitiveness, benchmarks best practices, and outlines strategies including export hub development, logistics upgrades, market access, branding, and value-chain integraion . The study aims to position India as a key player in global high-value agri-trade and support the USD 100 billion agri-export goal by 2030. |
| Keywords: | Agri-trade, Agri-export, Mango, Banana, potato, APEDA, icrier, value-chain, agriculture |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdc:report:25-r-18 |