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on Agricultural Economics |
| By: | Abderraouf Zaatra (CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes); Mélanie Requier-Desjardins (CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes, SENS - Savoirs, ENvironnement et Sociétés - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement); Hélène Rey-Valette (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Thierry Blayac (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Hatem Belhouchette (CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes, UMR ABSys - Agrosystèmes Biodiversifiés - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, LAMES - Laboratoire d’Accueil Méditerranéen en Economie et Sciences sociales - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes) |
| Abstract: | Climate change (CC) is a major threat to agriculture, the sector that supports the territorial economy in the Pays Haut Languedoc et Vignoble (PHLV) region (south France). In this region, farms have been facing the negative effects of CC for several decades. The implementation of agriculture adaptation policies requires a coherent and integrated tool that mobilizes approaches for territorial development, vulnerability assessments, and feasibility. The purpose of this research is to provide a multi-criteria assessment of farm vulnerability to CC in the PHLV region. An index of farm vulnerability was developed based on the classic model of vulnerability, which is the product of exposure and sensitivity divided by adaptive capacity. This assessment was conducted at the farm level, by combining biophysical variables (such as soil type and irrigation) and socioeconomic variables (such as agricultural experience and crop insurance), selected based on a literature review and interviews with local stakeholders and local experts. To solve the weighting problem, we differentiated between a "calculated vulnerability", without any specific weighting of the vulnerability variables, and a "declared vulnerability" that integrates the scores assigned to the importance of each variable for each farmer surveyed, based on their awareness. Afterward, a discriminant analysis was used to identify the factors that determine the vulnerability classes. Our results show that (i) the majority of the surveyed farms have a relatively high vulnerability index, but wine farms and cereal farms are the most vulnerable; (ii) for all farms the "declared vulnerability" is lower than the "calculated vulnerability", showing that farmers underestimate their vulnerability; (iii) there is an interesting link between the low level of vulnerability and the adaptation efforts already made over the past ten years by certain farms that have changed or introduced crops and improved their agricultural practices. |
| Keywords: | Vulnerability, climate change, agriculture, vulnerability index, Mediterranean region |
| Date: | 2025–07–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05157023 |
| By: | Hale, Galina; Oncescu, Vlad; Bhangale, Ritesh |
| Abstract: | The global food system is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions that drive climate change. Animal agriculture accounts for a large share of food-system emissions, both directly and through the production of animal feed. Global population growth and rising incomes imply a further increase in demand for animal-source foods if current trends persist. Limiting global warming to the targets set by the international community will not be possible without the rapid reduction of a substantial share of animal-source foods. We show that the rapid adoption of alternatives to animal-source foods, such as plant-only diets or plant-based, cultured, or fermentation-derived analogs to animal products, can be consistent with climate goals while satisfying global demand for calories and protein. Importantly, timing is crucial: the longer the delay in adopting alternatives, the larger the share of the diet that must shift away from animal-source food by 2050 for the food system to remain within its carbon budget. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences, Environmental Management, Environmental Sciences, Cardiovascular, Oral and gastrointestinal, Climate Action, Zero Hunger, Animal Feed, Animals, Climate Change, Food Supply, Humans, Global Warming, Diet, Climate change, Food system sustainability, Dietary change, Alternative proteins, Plant-based products, Cultured products |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:ucscec:qt7kd4z8ds |
| By: | Chaudhary, Arbind; Babu, Suresh Chandra; Srivastava, Nandita |
| Abstract: | The world continues to grapple with acute hunger, malnutrition, poverty, income inequality, and other crises. In 2023, approximately 864 million people experienced severe food insecurity (FAO et al. 2024). On the one hand, poor policy adoption disrupts market and supply chain vulnerabilities, exacerbates food insecurity, and causes economic instability and crises (Hélène and Cohen 2020). On the other hand, disasters and extreme weather conditions significantly damage available infrastructure, transportation networks, and storage facilities, disrupting the distribution of agricultural commodities and as well as regular food patterns (Hasegawa et al. 2021). The COP28 UAE Declaration on Sustainable Agriculture, Resilient Food Systems, and Climate Action recognizes that agriculture and food systems must urgently adapt and transform to meet the challenges of climate change. It commits to integrating agriculture and food systems into climate action while simultaneously mainstreaming climate action across policy agendas and actions related to agriculture and food systems (UNFCCC 2023). |
| Keywords: | agricultural policies; climate change; extreme weather events; food systems; Nepal; Asia; Southern Asia |
| Date: | 2025–07–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:polbrf:175444 |
| By: | Khakimov, Parviz; Aragie, Emerta A.; Goibov, Manuchehr; Ashurov, Timur |
| Abstract: | Findings of World Bank study (WB, SRAS Project 2021) indicates that lack of sufficient quantity and quality of seeds, seedlings, and planting materials in domestic market is one of the critical issues affecting farmers income and food security. Most donor projects provide direct extension support to farmers on multiplying and adopting seeds and seedlings. The local capacity to generate new varieties and planting materials remains low and over 50 percent of all agricultural inputs are imported. The capacity to test new varieties of crops for their adaptation to soils and climate in the country is also lacking, and in general the regular testing of new varieties, whether domestically developed or imported, is not conducted. Between 2016-2019, the share of public agriculture expenditure on inputs distribution to the farmers (0.04 percent or 0.81 million Tajik Somoni) and development of seeds and seedlings (0.8 percent or 16.64 million Tajik Somoni) were low (Khakimov et al. 2024). |
| Keywords: | investment; markets; food systems; farm inputs; seeds; agriculture; Tajikistan; Asia; Central Asia |
| Date: | 2025–06–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:annrep:175319 |
| By: | Anke D. Leroux (Department of Economics, Monash University, Caulfield East, Victoria 3145, Australia.); Vance L. Martin (Department of Economics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (retired).) |
| Abstract: | Food security lags economic development, raising questions about whether food insecure households can leverage local economic development and livelihood diversif ication opportunities as effectively as their food secure counterparts. In a dynamic model incorporating production and utility risk, household consumption and livelihood portfolios depend on vulnerability, described by proximity to their stochastic minimum consumption threshold. Using granular data on smallholder farmers’ livelihood choices, the threshold effect is significant, with approximately 25% of household wealth allocated to satisfying the consumption threshold. Costly income smoothing strategies are most prevalent among the vulnerable and food insecure. However, results show that popular programs targeting livelihood diversification benefit primarily food secure households. In contrast, food safety net programs that directly reduce vulnerability carry the largest livelihood diversification benefits for food insecure households. These findings highlight the importance of reducing vulnerability to food insecurity, as it hinders smallholder farmers from accessing high-value market opportunities. |
| Keywords: | food security, household portfolio choice, GMM, livelihoods, SDG2 |
| JEL: | O13 G11 Q12 D81 Q18 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mos:moswps:2025-11 |
| By: | Khakimov, Parviz; Aragie, Emerta A.; Goibov, Manuchehr; Ashurov, Timur |
| Abstract: | Irrigation and timely access to sufficient volumes of water are vital to increase crops productivity, rural incomes, and food security (FAO 2023; World Bank 2021). In Tajikistan, irrigation sector faces several challenges and constraints such as: aged, poorly maintained infrastructure and poor management system that led low-quality irrigation services; limited investment in drainage infrastructure, inadequate maintenance, poor water management, and harmful irrigation practices that led salinization and waterlogging in some irrigated areas. In addition, the ongoing process of climate change and rising temperatures will increase crop water demands, while water supply reliability will decline, leading to more-severe, more-frequent water stress. The minimum required operation and maintenance on irrigation infrastructure estimated to be about US$35 million per year. Around 85 percent of cultivated land is irrigated and provides more than 90 percent of the total value of crop production. Since independence, the condition and performance of irrigation infrastructure has declined because of severe underfinancing. More than 40 percent of irrigated areas depend on pumping (the highest dependency in Central Asia), and many high-lift, high-volume pumping stations are in poor condition. Pumping is inefficient (~0.28 kWh/m3, which accounts for 20 percent of total national electricity use). The economic productivity of irrigation is among the lowest 5 percent of countries in the world (~0.21 USD/m) because of high water loss, predominance of low-value crops, and low yields. Irrigation is heavily subsidized but still underfunded. Between 2016 and 2019, the share of public agriculture expenditure on irrigation infrastructure was high (44.6 percent or 880.3 million Tajik Somoni). Irrigation is financed through direct transfers for electricity, government subsidies for pumping station staff costs, revenue from irrigation service fees, WUA membership fees (for on-farm operations and maintenance), and donor investments. More than 60 percent of irrigation capital expenditures (including flood protection) is donor financed (Khakimov et al. 2024; World Bank. SWIM Project 2022). |
| Keywords: | investment; infrastructure; agrifood systems; early warning systems; irrigation; Tajikistan; Asia; Central Asia |
| Date: | 2025–06–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:annrep:175318 |
| By: | Antoine K Kouadio (APDRA - Association Pisciculture et Developpement Rural en Afrique- France - APDRA); Elodie Pepey (UMR ISEM - Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EPHE - École Pratique des Hautes Études - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226 - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier); Lucas Fertin (UMR ISEM - Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EPHE - École Pratique des Hautes Études - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226 - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier); Henri-Joel K Niamien (APDRA - Association Pisciculture et Developpement Rural en Afrique- France - APDRA); Seri Brou (APDRA - Association Pisciculture et Developpement Rural en Afrique- France - APDRA); Charles K Boussou (UJloG - Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé); Simon Pouil (GABI - Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Fish farming in Côte d'Ivoire has been promoted as a diversification strategy for cocoa producers, yet the sector exhibits significant heterogeneity in farming practices, which remains poorly documented. This study aimed to classify fish farming systems and identify key determinants of their performance. Surveys were conducted with 45 farmers across three cocoa-producing regions - Bédiala, Méagui, and Sinfra - and data were analyzed using Factor Analysis of Mixed Data (FAMD) and clustering analysis, leading to the identification of three distinct farm types. Type 1 farms, found in Bédiala, have the largest production areas (median: 2.9 ha) and predominantly practice polyculture of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), bony tongue (Heterotis niloticus), and catfish (Clarias spp.), often integrated with rice farming. Type 2 farms, found in Sinfra, employ the most intensive practices, characterized by the use of monosex tilapia fingerlings and reproductive control via banded jewelfish (Hemichromis fasciatus), resulting in the highest yields (median: 1, 033 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹). Type 3 farms, found in Méagui and Sinfra, are the least productive (median: 450 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹), constrained by longer production cycles and limited technological adoption. These findings reveal significant regional disparities in fish farming practices and productivity, underscoring the need for tailored policy interventions. Strategies should focus on promoting improved production techniques in low-yielding systems while supporting sustainable intensification in more advanced farms to enhance the sector's contribution to rural livelihoods and food security. |
| Keywords: | Aquaculture, Clustering analysis, Côte d'Ivoire, Farm typology, Surveys |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05106189 |
| By: | Giovani Generale |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the vertical and spatial integration of Sri Lankan rice market, using Hector Kobbekaduwa Agrarian Research Institute (HARTI) weekly price data covering the years 2008 to 2023. The analysis focuses on the implications of asymmetric price transmission (APT) on market efficiency and price dynamics within agricultural food supply chains, incorporating wholesale, retail, and farmgate price levels. Adopting a comprehensive methodological framework, the research includes stationarity tests, cointegration analysis, Granger causality assessments, Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), and Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) approaches to explore nonlinear asymmetries in price adjustments. The findings reveal significant spatial and vertical integration across Sri Lankan rice markets and detect positive APT, although its magnitude varies when analysed by subperiods and agricultural season. |
| Keywords: | agricultural prices, co-integration, vertical price transmission, Sri Lanka. |
| JEL: | C32 Q10 Q13 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:frz:wpaper:wp2025_11.rdf |
| By: | Abate, Gashaw T.; Bernard, Tanguy; Deutschmann, Joshua; Fall, Fatou |
| Abstract: | Individuals often make decisions considering both private returns and welfare impacts on others. Food safety decisions by smallholder agricultural producers exemplify this choice, particularly in low-income countries where farmers often consume some of the food crops they produce and sell or donate the rest. We conduct a lab-in-the-field experiment with peanuts producers in Senegal to study the decision to invest in food safety information, exogenously varying the degree of private returns (monetary or health-wise) and welfare impacts on others. Producers are willing to pay real money for food safety information even absent the potential for private returns, but willingness to pay increases with the potential for private returns. A randomized information treatment significantly increases willingness to pay in all scenarios. Our results shed light on the complex interplay between altruism and economic decisions in the presence of externalities, and point to the potential of timely and targeted information to address food safety issues. |
| Keywords: | food safety; health; groundnuts; aflatoxins; smallholders; returns; Senegal; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Western Africa |
| Date: | 2025–07–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:gsspwp:175569 |
| By: | Office of National Programs, Agricultural Research Service |
| Abstract: | To ensure the economic viability and competitiveness of U.S. agriculture, it is important that the quality and utilization of harvested agricultural commodities be maintained or enhanced. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service (ARS) recognizes this and established the National Program (NP 306) Product Quality and New Uses, including biorefining, as the research link between farmers' fields and use by the consumer. The goal of NP 306 is to enhance economic viability and competitiveness of U.S. agriculture by improving quality and marketability of harvested agricultural commodities to meet consumer needs, develop environmentally friendly, efficient processing concepts, and expand domestic and global market opportunities by developing value-added food and non-food technologies and products, as well as expanding biorefining technologies, byproducts, and green fuels. |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries, Livestock Production/Industries, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usdami:361278 |
| By: | Lonnie, Marta (University of Aberdeen); Hunter, Emma (Robert Gordon University); Stone, Rebecca Ann (University of Liverpool); Hardman, Charlotte; Johnstone, Alexandra (University of Aberdeen) |
| Abstract: | In 2025, around one in seven UK households struggle to afford to buy nutritious foods like fruits, vegetables, and lean meat and are said to be experiencing food insecurity. Families living on a low income are often forced to buy cheaper, less healthy foods, high in fat, salt, sugar and calories, which, when eaten regularly, can lead to an increase in body weight. This highlights a serious problem called dietary inequality, where not everyone within society has the equal access to healthy foods. Researchers from the Food Insecurity in People Living with Obesity (FIO Food) Project are working alongside policymakers, supermarkets and those who have experienced the struggle to afford healthy food, to help find solutions to support citizens living on a low income, purchase healthier food from the supermarket. When we all work together, we can create a world where healthier food is accessible and available for everyone. |
| Date: | 2025–06–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:rzvwy_v1 |
| By: | Khakimov, Parviz; Aragie, Emerta A.; Goibov, Manuchehr; Ashurov, Timur |
| Abstract: | The World Bank’s agriculture sector public expenditure review study (World Bank 2021) findings indicates that public expenditure on agriculture sector remains relatively small at less than one percent of GDP, though grew significantly between 2015 and 2020, and the sector relies heavily on donor financing (54 percent). There is a notable underinvestment in R&D, 0.7 percent of total public expenditure in agriculture sector between 2016-2019, which impacts productivity and climate resilience. In this brief, for evaluating the potential impact of investment on Research and Development (R&D) to accelerate agricultural transformation and inclusiveness in Tajikistan agrifood system (AFS), we rely on the IFPRI’s Rural Investment and Policy Analysis (RIAPA) economywide dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model which incorporates household survey-based microsimulation and investment modules, and simulates the functioning of a market economy, comprising markets for products and factors which include land, labor, and capital (IFPRI 2023). |
| Keywords: | investment; research; development; agrifood systems; agricultural sector; computable general equilibrium models; Tajikistan; Asia; Central Asia |
| Date: | 2025–06–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:annrep:175325 |
| By: | Christophe C. Gouel (CEPII - Centre d'Etudes Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales - Centre d'analyse stratégique, UMR PSAE - Paris-Saclay Applied Economics - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, IFPRI - International Food Policy Research Institute [Washington] - CGIAR - Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR]); Nicolas Legrand (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | We develop an indirect inference approach relying on a linear supply and demand model serving as an auxiliary model to provide the first full empirical test of the rational expectations commodity storage model. We build a rich storage model that incorporates a supply response and four structural shocks and show that exploiting information on both prices and quantities is critical for relaxing previous restrictive identifying assumptions and assessing the empirical consistency of the model's features. Finally, we carry out a structural estimation on the aggregate index of the world's most important staple food products. Our estimations show that supply shocks are the main drivers of food market dynamics and that our storage model is consistent with most of the moments in the data, including the high price persistence so far the subject of a long‐standing puzzle. |
| Keywords: | Monte Carlo analysis, Storage, Commodity price dynamics, Indirect inference |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05108587 |
| By: | Lohmann, Paul M.; Gsottbauer, Elisabeth; Gravert, Christina; Reisch, Lucia A. |
| Abstract: | Understanding when and why nudges work is crucial for designing interventions that consistently and reliably change behaviour. This paper explores the relationship between decision-making speed and the effectiveness of two nudges – carbon footprint labelling and menu repositioning – aimed at encouraging climate-friendly food choices. Using an incentivized online randomized controlled trial with a quasi-representative sample of British consumers (N = 3, 052) ordering meals through an experimental food-delivery platform, we introduced a time-pressure mechanism to capture both fast and slow decision-making processes. Our findings suggest that menu repositioning is an effective tool for promoting climate-friendly choices when decisions are made quickly, though the effect fades when subjects have time to revise their choices. Carbon labels, in contrast, showed minimal impact overall but reduced emissions among highly educated and climate-conscious individuals when they made fast decisions. The results imply that choice architects should apply both interventions in contexts where consumers make fast decisions, such as digital platforms, canteens, or fast-food restaurants to help mitigate climate externalities. More broadly, our findings suggest that the available decision time in different contexts might at least partly explain differences in effect sizes found in previous studies of these nudges. |
| Keywords: | carbon-footprint labelling; choice architecture; dual-process models; food-delivery apps; low-carbon diets; system 1 |
| JEL: | C90 I18 D90 Q18 Q50 |
| Date: | 2025–06–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:128667 |
| By: | Jean-Joseph Minviel (UMRH - Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 - VAS - VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Marc Benoit (UMRH - Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 - VAS - VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Laure Latruffe (BSE - Bordeaux sciences économiques - UB - Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Reducing the negative environmental impact of production activities without (substantial) loss of production is a crucial challenge for the agricultural sector. Investigating farms' environmental and technical efficiency (TE) levels and drivers can contribute to addressing this issue. In this regard, based on recent theoretical developments on the appropriate handling of undesirable outputs in the modeling of production technologies, this paper introduces a multi-equation stochastic frontier framework for technical and environmental efficiency (EE) analysis. This framework is applied to a sample of French suckler sheep farms. The results indicate that, on average, farms in the sample can increase their desirable output by 20% without using more inputs while reducing their greenhouse gas emissions by 24%. Findings also show that relatively high (low) levels of TE are associated with relatively low (high) levels of EE and that the likelihood for a farm to be both technically and environmentally efficient is relatively low. Only 32% of the farms in the sample have a high level of TE and EE. Drivers such as decoupled direct payments are positively associated with EE and negatively associated with TE, while no significant effect is found for green direct payments. |
| Abstract: | La réduction des impacts environnementaux négatifs des activités de production sans perte (substantielle) de production est un défi crucial pour le secteur agricole. L'étude des niveaux et des facteurs d'efficience environnementale et technique des exploitations agricoles peut contribuer à résoudre ce problème. À cet égard, sur la base de développements théoriques récents concernant le traitement approprié des outputs indésirables dans la modélisation des technologies de production, cet article introduit une approche de frontière stochastique multi-équations pour l'analyse de l'efficience technique et environnementale. Ce cadre est appliqué à un échantillon d'exploitations françaises d'élevage d'ovins allaitants. Les résultats indiquent qu'en moyenne, les exploitations de l'échantillon peuvent augmenter leur production de viande de 20 % sans utiliser davantage d'intrants, tout en réduisant leurs émissions de gaz à effet de serre de 24 %. Les résultats montrent également que des niveaux relativement élevés (faibles) d'efficience technique sont associés à des niveaux relativement faibles (élevés) d'efficience environnementale et que la probabilité qu'une exploitation soit à la fois efficiente sur le plan technique et environnemental est relativement faible. Seulement 32% des exploitations de l'échantillon ont un niveau élevé d'efficience technique et environnementale. Des facteurs tels que les paiements directs découplés sont positivement associés à l'efficience environnementale et négativement associés à l'efficience technique, tandis qu'aucun effet significatif n'est constaté pour les paiements directs verts. |
| Keywords: | by-production technologies, environmental and technical efficiency, generalized maximum entropy, info-metrics, multi-equation stochastic frontier, Efficience environnementale et technique, technologies de sous-production, frontière stochastique multi-équations, info-métrie, entropie maximale généralisée |
| Date: | 2024–12–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05104134 |
| By: | Caroline Paire (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Foued Cheriet (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Pôle Vigne et Vin - L'Institut Agro - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - Institut Agro Dijon - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Alain Samson (PECH ROUGE - Unité Expérimentale de Pech-Rouge - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Christian Chervin (AGIR - AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires - Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - UT - Université de Toulouse - INP - PURPAN - Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan - Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - UT - Université de Toulouse - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, LRSV - Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales - UT3 - Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT - Université de Toulouse - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - UT - Université de Toulouse); Audrey Arino (Les vignobles Foncalieu); Gabriel Ruetsch (Les vignobles Foncalieu); Estelle Ithurralde (Les grands chais de France - Partenaires INRAE); Olivier Geffroy (PPGV - Physiologie, Pathologie et Génétique Végétales - INP - PURPAN - Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan - Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - UT - Université de Toulouse) |
| Abstract: | Fungus-resistant grape (FRG) varieties obtained through interspecific hybridisation, are currently seen as a credible solution for reducing the use of pesticides in viticulture. One possibility is to include wines made from FRG in blends prepared from traditional varieties. Such addition is likely to negatively affect consumer's liking notably in red blends as red wines made from FRG may exhibit higher acidity, lower tannin content and stability given their high protein levels. This study aimed to apply the Consumer Rejection Threshold (CRT) method to determine to which extent red FRG wines can be incorporated into blends. Two red FRG wines, made from Vidoc and Artaban, were selected for the study and blended with a Merlot wine. After a first experiment consisting of identifying detection thresholds for FRG wines in a blend for untrained and expert panellists, a second experiment based on paired preference tests following the CRT method was conducted with consumers only. The detection thresholds were estimated for untrained subjects at 24.9 % v/v for Artaban, and 14.1 % v/v for Vidoc, highlighting a lower sensitivity than experts for which Artaban and Vidoc were detected at 6.9 % and 7.7 % v/v, respectively. During the second experiment, blends containing between 25 % and 60 % v/v of Artaban were less preferred than the single-variety Merlot wine but neutrally perceived over 60 % v/v. Surprisingly, Vidoc blends were neutrally perceived in comparison with Merlot for all the levels of incorporation evaluated, suggesting the existence of distinct clusters of consumers. Four groups of preferences were identified through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering (HAC). Among these groups, only one representing 21 % of panellists, composed of a larger proportion of daily wine drinkers who identified themselves as novices in wine, showed a marked preference for Merlot over Vidoc blends. Overall, our results show the absence of a major sensory obstacle for the incorporation of the two studied FRG wines in Merlot blend which indicates a good consumer acceptability of these wines and encourages the wine industry to use FRG red wines for blending or in single cuvée. |
| Keywords: | fungus-resistant grape varieties, red blends, Merlot, Vidoc, Artaban, consumer acceptability |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05129974 |
| By: | Stojetz, Wolfgang (ISDC - International Security and Development Center); Azzarri, Carlo (International Food Policy Research Institute); Mane, Erdgin (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations); Brück, Tilman (IGZ, HU Berlin & ISDC) |
| Abstract: | This paper provides evidence on the impacts of armed conflict and climate change on individual labor intensity. Based on pooled labor force survey, climate, and conflict event data from 21 African countries, we document that climate change and armed conflict can create a polycrisis: the negative impacts of extreme climate events on labor intensity in and outside of agriculture are more severe in conflict environments. This interaction effect, driven by heat waves and floods, is concentrated among young people, and it is the result of violent conflict presence before a climate event occurs, not of conflict events that occur at the same time as the climate event. In addition, our results suggest that conflict contributes to gender-specific shifts in labor allocation in response to climate events exacerbating women’s work burden. Our findings emphasize the importance of concerted, evidence-based policies to tackle climate-conflict polycrises, taking into account the specific vulnerabilities shaped by individuals’ gender and age. |
| Keywords: | gender, employment, conflict, climate, agrifood systems, agriculture, Africa, polycrisis, youth |
| JEL: | D74 J16 J22 O12 Q10 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17968 |
| By: | Robayo, Monica; Lucchetti, Leonardo Ramiro; Delgado-Prieto, Lukas; Badiani-Magnusson, Reena |
| Abstract: | The surge in food prices following the 2021 economic rebound has become a significant concern for households, particularly low-income ones, in Bulgaria, Croatia, Poland, and Romania. Food price inflation, which surpasses general inflation rates, risks worsening poverty and food insecurity in these countries. This paper explores the distributional impacts of rising food prices and the effectiveness of government response measures. Low-income households, who allocate a larger share of their income to food, are disproportionately affected and are struggling to cope with unexpected expenses, leading to increased difficulties in accessing proper nutrition. Simulations indicate that rising food prices contribute to higher poverty rates and greater income inequality, especially among vulnerable populations. They also suggest that the main poverty-targeted social assistance schemes offer critical support for the extreme poor, but expanding both coverage and benefits is vital to shield all at-risk individuals. Targeted policies that balance immediate relief with long-term resilience-building are essential to addressing the challenges posed by escalating food prices. |
| Date: | 2025–06–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:11159 |
| By: | Lwin, Wuit Yi; Cooper, Joseph; Meyer, Seth; Steinbach, Sandro |
| Abstract: | In January 2024, California fully implemented Proposition 12, which imposes minimum confinement standards for breeding sows and restricts the sale of non-compliant pork products within the state. This white paper evaluates the impact of Proposition 12 on California’s retail pork market. Using high-frequency scanner-level retail data, the analysis estimates changes in retail pork prices and consumption volumes in California relative to national trends. Results indicate substantial and persistent price increases for regulated pork cuts. California’s share of national pork consumption declined across all major products, with no signs of recovery during the post-policy period. Econometric assessment finds that Proposition 12 increased California’s pork prices by 20 percent and reduced pork consumption by 15 percent. Robustness checks using exempt products show minimal change in prices or volumes, supporting the policy-specific nature of the results. Overall, the findings suggest that Proposition 12 led to lasting changes in California’s pork market, characterized by higher retail prices and reduced consumption. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Demand and Price Analysis, Risk and Uncertainty, Supply Chain |
| Date: | 2025–07–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:ndsuag:362671 |
| By: | Antoine Roger (CED - Centre Émile Durkheim - IEP Bordeaux - Sciences Po Bordeaux - Institut d'études politiques de Bordeaux - UB - Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Several multinational corporations engaged in the trading of agricultural commodities have been active in Romania for several decades. To explain this situation, international business studies put the emphasis on transaction costs and a series of variables that guide location choices. This line of reasoning fails to take proper account of local power relations. The notion of "field", as conceived by Pierre Bourdieu, offers an alternative. In Romania, multinational corporations contribute to the formation of an entrepreneurial field in which the issue at stake is the exercise of local symbolic power. Their ability to collect and store grain in the long term depends at the same time on this structural organisation. To account for this situation, we need to examine successive decollectivization measures and the resulting benefits for multinational corporations. After the fall of the Communist regime, agricultural entrepreneurs first took advantage of the restitution and redistribution of land to cultivate cereals and oilseeds over vast areas. All of them aim to export their products. However, they have difficulty in controlling this choice due to limited storage capacity. As a matter of fact, multinational corporations engaged in agricultural commodity trading took advantage of a second reform package and now control the main silos. Entrepreneurs looking to sell their crops have to deal with these constraints. Their approach depends on the capital they have at their disposal. This led to internal conflicts, the developments of which we have examined between 2010 and 2017. |
| Keywords: | Multinational Corporations, Traders, Intensive Agriculture, Romania, Field Theory |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-05129894 |
| By: | Pauline Lécole (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Raphaële Préget (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Sophie Thoyer (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | France's Common Agricultural Policy Strategic Plan introduces a coupled aid program to support small-scale market gardening farms. This study, using data from a discrete choice experiment and national-level simulations, compares the projected outcomes of this new program-which has strict eligibility requirements-with those of an alternative scheme inspired by the CAP's Small Farmers Scheme (SFS), where farms self-select to receive lump-sum payments. Results indicate that the SFS+ (including environmental and employment conditions) may effectively promote agro-ecological transition in the market gardening sector and could serve as a valuable recommendation for revisions to France's strategic plan and those of other Member States.. |
| Keywords: | Common agricultural policy, Small farms, Discrete choice experiments, Coupled support, Lump-sum payment, Market gardening |
| Date: | 2025–07–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05163348 |
| By: | Dorosh, Paul A.; Kirui, Oliver K.; Siddig, Khalid |
| Abstract: | Cereal production and markets, key components of Sudan’s food economy, have changed dramatically in the last decade due to conflict-related disruptions, as well as earlier changes in government policy. In western Sudan, particularly Darfur and surrounding regions, ongoing conflict has severely hindered agricultural activities, leading to a sharp decline in domestic cereal production. In contrast, other regions of Sudan have maintained relatively stable planting and harvesting activities, although marketing costs have risen substantially. |
| Keywords: | trade; cereals; markets; agricultural production; price volatility; models; food security; Sudan; Africa; Northern Africa |
| Date: | 2025–06–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:sssppn:175164 |
| By: | Morgane Gonon (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Améline Vallet (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ESE - Ecologie Systématique et Evolution - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Vincent Deschamps (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Amélie Le Mieux (OFB - Office français de la biodiversité); Aurélien Oosterlinck (OFB - Office français de la biodiversité); Hélène Soubelet (FRB - Fondation pour la recherche sur la Biodiversité); Louise Dupuis (FRB - Fondation pour la recherche sur la Biodiversité); Harold Levrel (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Governments provide more than USD 800 billion annually in environmentally harmful subsidies at the global level despite international commitments. This paper introduces a novel and replicable framework for identifying biodiversity-harmful subsidies within national budgets. Our multidimensional approach is based on the five drivers of biodiversity loss: land use change, resource exploitation, climate change, pollution, and invasive species. Our framework evaluates subsidies across seven economic sectorstransport, housing, industry, agriculture, livestock, power generation, and digital deployment-based on their expected biodiversity impact (harmful, positive, mixed, neutral, or unclassifiable). We apply this framework to the French national budget and find that, in 2022, €27.14 billion were allocated to subsidize harmful activities. Pollution is the most financially supported driver of biodiversity loss. Our analysis also reveals significant trade-offs, with 25% of climate-positive subsidies exacerbating land use pressures. The study calls for a sector-specific approach to subsidy reform. By codeveloping this framework with biodiversity experts and public authorities, we provide a decision-support tool to align public investments with pathways towards sustainability. |
| Keywords: | Biodiversity, Green budgeting, Harmful subsidies, Sustainable pathways, Biodiversity financing, Public finance |
| Date: | 2025–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05074919 |
| By: | Nogueira, Lauro; Rebouças de Souza, Nathanael Andray; Rodrigues, Fábio Lúcio; Gomes de Souza, Helson |
| Abstract: | This study investigated the impacts of water scarcity and/or periods of extreme drought on homicide rates in Brazilian municipalities, particularly rural ones. Using a survey of 769, 774 data points that combined climate information, socioeconomic data of victims, homicide rates, and municipal socioeconomic variables as controls, between 2002 and 2020. The study also outlined a profile of homicide victims in rural municipalities for a deeper understanding of the issue. The results show that water scarcity and/or periods of extreme drought increase firearm homicide rates in rural municipalities of Brazil, with higher homicide rates in the region leading to greater observed effects. In summary, there are indications of a phenomenon of crime interiorization, especially in predominantly rural municipalities. |
| Keywords: | Violence in Rural Areas. Homicide Rates. Crime Interiorization. Rural Municipalities. |
| JEL: | I3 J1 R1 |
| Date: | 2025–07–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:125310 |
| By: | Fang, Peixun; Anamo, Iga; Gimiseve, Harry; Hayoge, Glen; Mukerjee, Rishabh; Schmidt, Emily; Zhang, Xiaobo |
| Abstract: | This paper evaluates the constraints within Papua New Guinea's vegetable sector, drawing on large scale household surveys, extensive qualitative interviews with key stakeholders, and Large Language Model (LLM) methods. Our survey data reveal that vegetable production is ubiquitous, with almost all households surveyed (91%) growing at least one vegetable. Indigenous varieties, such as leafy greens (96%) and fresh beans (69%), are widely cultivated across regions, while high-value vegetables like onion (17%) and tomato (19%) show more regional concentration. Over half (53%) of PNG vegetable farmers sell their produce, with farmers located in the nonseasonal highlands agro-ecological area leading in market participation (66%), contributing to an overall commercialization rate of 24% (defined as the share of pro duction sold). However, modern input use, particularly improved seed adoption, significantly lags behind output commercialization in all agroecological zones except the islands survey areas. The quantitative analysis, using the PNG Rural Household Survey 2023, and the qualitative analysis, drawing from both manual review and LLM-assisted processing of in-depth interview notes, consistently identify poor feeder roads as critical bottlenecks for every stakeholder across PNG's vegetable value chain. Beyond transportation, these interviews repeatedly highlighted persistent seed supply shortages and high seed costs as significant hurdles. Since PNG depends on imported vegetable seeds, several structural and procedural barriers contribute to these shortages. These include potentially arduous quarantine procedures, limited foreign exchange for seed imports, and cumbersome permit processes, often leaving major distributors with insufficient stock. These reported bottlenecks may contribute to the low improved seed adoption and use reflected in the household survey analysis. |
| Keywords: | vegetables; large language models; commercialization; household surveys; artificial intelligence; Papua New Guinea; Melanesia; Oceania; Asia |
| Date: | 2025–07–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:othbrf:175558 |
| By: | Jones, Jordan W.; Todd, Jessica, E.; Toossi, Saied |
| Abstract: | The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) administers 16 domestic food and nutrition assistance programs that affect the lives of millions of people and account for roughly two-thirds of USDA’s annual budget. Together, these programs contributed $142.2 billion in spending on food and nutrition assistance programs in fiscal year (FY) 2024 (October 1, 2023–September 30, 2024). This report provides an overview of program trends and policy changes in USDA’s largest domestic food and nutrition assistance programs through FY 2024 based on preliminary data from the USDA, Food and Nutrition Service (FNS). It also includes a summary of recent USDA, Economic Research Service (ERS) research reports relevant to these programs. Excluding spending on the Summer Electronic Benefits Transfer for Children (Summer EBT or SUN Bucks) Program, total program spending fell by 16 percent from FY 2023. The decline was driven by the expiration of the Pandemic Electronic Benefits Transfer (P-EBT) program in the previous year, as well as lower spending on the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) following the end of emergency allotment issuance in FY 2023. Spending on, and participation in, other major programs increased in FY 2024, and Summer EBT began operation as USDA’s 16th permanent nutrition assistance program. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Consumer/Household Economics, Food Security and Poverty, Public Economics |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:uersib:361282 |
| By: | Long, Xianling; Huang, Kaixing; Hou, Hao |
| Abstract: | A persistent puzzle in developing economies is why rural households remain in low-productivity agricultural sectors despite the substantial income gaps with non-agricultural opportunities. While existing studies attribute this gap to market frictions, institutional barriers, and differences in human capital, this paper shifts the focus to household-level welfare trade-offs, specifically, the non-pecuniary welfare losses borne by family members left behind when working-age individuals migrate. We develop a theoretical framework to show how such hidden costs affect labor reallocation and how they can be quantified empirically. Leveraging China's Grain for Green (GFG) Program--a nationwide conservation policy that induced farmland retirement in exchange for subsidies, we show that the policy led to significant increases in migration and non-agricultural labor, especially among women and younger individuals. Using revealed preference logic, we estimate that hidden migration costs amount to 10.5--12.6% of total household income for policy-induced migrants. Drawing on rich survey data, we trace these costs to two key sources: disruptions to children's education and reduced caregiving capacity for elderly household members. These findings highlight the need for policies that ease the burden of migrating with dependents, such as removing restrictions on education and healthcare access in destination areas. |
| Keywords: | Rural-urban migration, Hidden migration cost, Grain for Green Program |
| JEL: | I31 O13 R14 R23 |
| Date: | 2025–06–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:125162 |
| By: | Baye Elimane Gueye (UADB - Université Alioune Diop de Bambey); Omar Sene (UADB - Université Alioune Diop de Bambey) |
| Abstract: | In this article, we have modelled the impact of the application of trade measures for the development of product processing in Senegal using a Computable General Equilibrium Model (CGEM). Intermediate business consumption was modified to assess one of the objectives of the ECOWAS milk offensive, namely the application of a CET on the main products that compete with local dairy products. It emerged that the application of a 35% CET on fresh milk, milk powder and cheese would lead to an increase in the value added of the livestock sector, higher government revenue and a moderate reduction in poverty, as well as in the depth and severity of the problem. As far as liberalization (SIM 4) of dairy products is concerned, this option is favorable to private investment and would reduce the prices of fresh milk, milk powder and cheese, which could be beneficial to households but not to the livestock sector, which saw its value added decline over the period studied. Moreover, it has little capacity to have a positive impact on poverty, even if it does not worsen it either. |
| Abstract: | Dans cet article, nous avons modélisé l'impact de l'application de mesures commerciales pour le développement de la transformation de produits au Sénégal à l'aide d'un modèle d'équilibre général calculable (MEGC). La consommation intermédiaire des entreprises a été modifiée pour évaluer l'un des objectifs de l'offensive lait de la CEDEAO relatif à l'application d'un TEC sur les principaux produits qui concurrencent les produits laitiers locaux. Il ressort que l'application d'un TEC à 35% sur le lait frais, le lait en poudre et le fromage permettrait une hausse de la valeur ajoutée de la branche élevage, du revenu de l'État et une réduction modérée de la pauvreté ainsi de que de la profondeur de même que la sévérité. Pour ce qui de la libéralisation (SIM 4) sur les produits laitiers, cette option est favorable à l'investissement privé et réduirait les prix du lait frais, du lait en poudre et du formage, ce qui peut être bénéfique aux ménages mais pas à la branche élevage qui voit sa valeur ajoutée régresser sur la période étudiée. De plus, elle a une faible capacité à impacter positivement la pauvreté même si elle ne la dégrade pas non plus. |
| Keywords: | senegal dairy products common external tariff liberalization MEGC JEL Classification: Q13 F13 C68 O55 Q18, senegal, dairy products, common external tariff, liberalization, MEGC JEL Classification: Q13, F13, C68, O55, Q18 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05080576 |
| By: | Lasarte Lopez Jesus (European Commission - JRC); De Jong Beyhan (European Commission - JRC); Gurria Patricia; M'barek Robert (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | Monitoring income distribution in the bioeconomy and food system is necessary to understand their contributions to socioeconomic development and inform related policies. This report proposes a set of replicable methodologies for the inclusion of income distribution indicators within the frameworks of the Bioeconomy Monitoring System (BMS) and the EU Food System Monitoring Framework (FSMF). The report develops four indicators to measure income distribution in the bioeconomy and food system sectors, focusing on the functional income distribution. The indicators include the average salary by sector, share of labour income over value added, employee' earnings ratio, and share of value added by sector in the food chain. The report applies these indicators to the EU bioeconomy and food system sectors, revealing significant divergences in income distribution across sectors and Member States. |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc141767 |
| By: | A. de Palma; R. Lindsey; S. Proost; Y. Riou; A. Trannoy (CY Cergy Paris Université, THEMA) |
| Abstract: | Climate change is perhaps the most pressing challenge faced by humanity. It causes not only environmental degradation but also impacts whole ecosystems, societies, and global political stability. This paper explores the obstacles to implementing climate-change policies, emphasizing the complex interplay of economic, social, and political factors. It highlights the need to integrate economic, environmental, social, and political dimensions. It stresses that policies must be socially equitable, as demonstrated by the “Gilet Jaune” protests in France. Effective climate action requires balancing financial and non-financial factors and addressing unintended consequences such as job losses, regional economic disparities, and potential social unrest. Ultimately, a multifaceted, interdisciplinary, and inclusive approach is vital for achieving sustainable and socially responsible solutions to combat climate change |
| Keywords: | climate change, green energy, inaction, sustainability, political economy, acceptability |
| JEL: | O30 O38 H25 H54 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ema:worpap:2025-10 |
| By: | Punt, Matthijs B. |
| Abstract: | Community enterprises are often deeply embedded in local contexts, making it difficult for them to scale beyond their original setting. Recent literature suggests this challenge may also arise from intra-logic variation—differences in how “community” is defined and enacted across places. This paper builds on that insight by examining the local emergence of three types of environmental community enterprises—renewable energy cooperatives, food forests, and repair cafés—in the Netherlands. It analyzes how social, environmental, knowledge, and institutional dimensions of the community logic shape their spatial distribution. Using quantitative modeling, the study finds that each enterprise type is driven by different local conditions: social capital for RE co-ops, ecological awareness for food forests, and educational infrastructure for repair cafés. The study contributes to institutional logics theory and social enterprise literature by showing that “scaling across” varies meaningfully by type and place. |
| Date: | 2025–06–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:2djuf_v1 |
| By: | Prestemon, Jeffrey P.; Guo, Jinggang |
| Abstract: | The last decade’s economic, social, and environmental changes have affected the production, consumption, prices, and trade of forest products in the United States. This report provides an overview of how future potential societal and biophysical changes in the U.S. South, the country, and the world may influence the region’s forest sector. Changes are modeled with six scenarios that offer alternative trajectories for socioeconomic change (rates of growth in income and population), climate warming, technology, and trade openness. Among these are two scenarios exploring (1) the accelerated adoption of mass timber products in construction, and (2) a large, hypothetical increase in trade restrictions. All scenarios are summarized in terms of changes in production, consumption, prices, and trade in forest products. Results of this study can facilitate more fully informed choices by landowners, policymakers, and industry decisionmakers as they prepare for an uncertain future. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Demand and Price Analysis, International Relations/Trade, Labor and Human Capital, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Research Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usdami:361280 |
| By: | Nogueira, Lauro; Rodrigues, Fábio Lúcio; Santos de Farias Souza, Wallace Patrick; de Araújo, Jevuks Matheus |
| Abstract: | This study aimed to investigate how water scarcity and periods of drought can affect firearm homicide rates in the Brazilian semi-arid region between 2002 and 2020. To this end, the methodology of inference in counterfactual distributions proposed by Chernozhukov, Fernández-Val and Melly (2013) was employed. The main findings indicate that periods of severe drought have a significant impact on homicide rates in the semi-arid region. These effects are more pronounced when associated with factors such as the presence of rural municipalities and the migration process. In other words, there is strong evidence that drought in the hinterlands/countryside contributes to the increase in crime rates in both urban and rural municipalities. Additionally, the decomposition of the results revealed that periods of extreme drought, coupled with other unfavorable factors, act as triggers for the increase in homicide rates in the Brazilian semi-arid region, significantly exacerbating conditions of vulnerability during these adverse climatic shocks. |
| Keywords: | Water Scarcity; Drought; Homicide Rate; Brazilian Semiarid. |
| JEL: | I3 J1 R1 |
| Date: | 2025–06–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:125285 |
| By: | Friberg, Richard (Dept. of Economics, Stockholm School of Economics); Halseth, Emil M. S. (Dept. of Economics, Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration); Steen, Frode (Dept. of Economics, Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration); Ulsaker, Simen A. (Faculty of Social Sciences, OsloMet) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines how consumer price knowledge affects shopping behavior and the prices consumers pay in grocery markets. We combine survey-based price recall data from over 2000 Norwegian households — yielding over 70 000 price recalls across two grocery chains and 24 products—with 18 months of of linked individual-level transaction histories. Better-informed consumers—those who recall prices more accurately—pay lower prices by timing purchases to coincide with sales. A 10 percentage point increase in price knowledge (approximately the interquartile range) is associated with a 1:3 percentage point reduction in prices paid. Our results provide direct support for the central mechanism in Varian’s (1980) model of sales: that informed consumers pay lower prices by exploiting temporary discounts. We also find that consumers who are more active in seeking information about prices have higher price knowledge. Taken together, and with the caveat that we are only considering consumer responses here, our results suggest that policies or tools that help consumers learn about prices may be effective in enhancing competition. Our findings also speak to a marketing literature that seeks to measure and explain consumer price knowledge. By linking survey data to actual shopping behavior, we contribute to this literature by demonstrating that shopping behavior and attitudes are stronger predictors of price knowledge than demographic characteristics. |
| Keywords: | Price Knowledge; Price learning effort; Price Competition; Sales Utilization; Search costs |
| JEL: | D83 L10 L66 |
| Date: | 2025–07–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:nhheco:2025_015 |
| By: | Zohra Bouamra-Mechemache (TSE-R - TSE-R Toulouse School of Economics – Recherche - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Karine Latouche (SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Sophie Drogué (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Stéphane Lemarié (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Abstract: | Les industries agroalimentaires représentent en France un poids économique important avec 19 000 entreprises et 470 000 emplois. Ce secteur joue un rôle majeur dans la valorisation de la production agricole nationale. Pour autant, il fait face à différents défis et nouveaux enjeux : une balance commerciale de plus en plus déficitaire pour une grande partie des produits, un pouvoir de négociation parfois déséquilibré, notamment pour les PME, face à la grande distribution qui est beaucoup plus concentrée, une taille réduite d'une majorité de ses entreprises qui limite leur capacité d'investissement et les rend plus sensibles aux chocs économiques (ex : prix de l'énergie), une montée en puissance des préoccupations sanitaires et environnementales. Ces constats ont été mis en évidence dans différents rapports et études au cours de la dernière décennie (ex : rapport du Sénat en 2022 1 et prospective du CGAER de 2025 2). Dans un tel contexte, l'objectif de cette journée est de présenter l'état d'avancement des recherches en sciences sociales menées au sein du département EcoSocio d'INRAE, en trois sessions (compétitivité, enjeux de durabilité et relations verticales dans les filières) et de discuter de sujets émergents lors d'une table ronde. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05128619 |
| By: | Côme Rojas (CLERSÉ - Centre Lillois d’Études et de Recherches Sociologiques et Économiques - UMR 8019 - Université de Lille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Keywords: | Agriculture -- Aspect économique, Propriété foncière, Financiarisation, Approche mésoéconomiques |
| Date: | 2025–06–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05066230 |
| By: | Niccolò Murtas (University of Ferrara) |
| Abstract: | This study estimates an aggregate green knowledge production function (GKPF) for 19 OECD countries from 1981 to 2012, using panel-data econometric methods to address spatial spillovers and unobserved heterogeneity. Both Cobb-Douglas and translog functional forms are evaluated with multiple estimators, including standard fixed and random effects models, pooled and mean group common correlated effects (CCE) estimators, and random-trend models to account for shared upward trends among variables. The regression analysis examines the relationship between green patenting and key determinants such as R&D expenditure, human capital, and environmental policy indicators. The results consistently show a robust positive effect of domestic R&D, whereas the impacts of other factors exhibit greater variability. Methodologically, the findings highlight the sensitivity of coefficient estimates to unobserved heterogeneity and the choice of functional form. |
| Keywords: | Green innovation, knowledge production function, panel data, spatial spillovers |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:srt:wpaper:0725 |