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on Agricultural Economics |
| By: | Yitbarek, Eleni; Tesfaye, Wondimagegn |
| Abstract: | While many of the studies to date have focused on the production end of the value chain-i.e., ways to help farmers grow more food, there is limited evidence regarding the impacts of climate shocks on the other stages of agricultural value chains. Recognizing that food security is not just an issue of production, there is now an emerging literature that attempts to link climate change with agricultural value chains. This study fills a critical gap in the literature by assessing the impacts of weather shocks not only on production but also on the post-production stages (storage and sales) across the agricultural value chains of four key commodities in Ethiopia: teff, maize, coffee, and dairy. The study addresses two questions: (i) How do weather shocks impact different stages of agricultural value chains? and (ii) are the negative effects of weather shocks on agricultural value chains heterogeneous by gender? We document that negative rainfall shocks drastically reduce maize and teff yields by about 40% and 37%, respectively, and significantly impact teff storage. Coffee yield is less affected by rainfall shocks, though its storage decreases by 28%. Temperature increases reduce yields for maize, teff, and coffee, with coffee also experiencing declines in storage and sales. For teff, temperature increases reduce the quantity stored by about 6.7% and sales by 18.5%. Similarly, an increase in temperature lowers coffee sales by 24.6%. Dairy production shows minimal sensitivity to both rainfall shocks and temperature variations. These effects vary by gender of the household head. For maize, temperature increases negatively affect yields more for male-headed households. Teff and coffee show varying impacts based on gender, with male-headed households experiencing more pronounced negative effects. |
| Keywords: | climate shocks, value chains, agriculture, Ethiopia |
| JEL: | Q12 Q54 Q18 Q13 J16 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:sgscdp:314435 |
| By: | Reena Singh (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER)); Ashok Gulati (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER)) |
| Abstract: | Agriculture and allied sector has shown a resilient growth (though undulating) during the last two decades (2005-06 to 2024-25period) with the average annual growth rate of 3.9 per cent. The sector employs 46.1 percent of the workforce and contributed to 18 percent of the country's Gross Value Added in 2024-25. This sector also has the responsibility to feed 1.4 billion populations. India is the world’s largest producer of milk, pulses, and jute, and ranks as the second largest producer of rice, wheat, sugarcane, groundnut, vegetables, fruit, and cotton. Long-term changes in average temperatures, rainfall, and climate variability is a threat to agricultural production, food security, and the livelihoods of farming communities in India. While adaptation of Indian agriculture to climate change is necessary to assure food security and safeguarding livelihoods of poor farmers, mitigation of GHG emissions can abate the extent of climate change and future adaptation needs. This report estimated state-wise agriculture Green House Emissions (GHG) emissions for 2022-23 using Tier 2 methodology of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (IPCC 2006) with country specific emission factors. The activity data was obtained from 'cost of cultivation survey', 'fertilizer statistics', 'land-use statistics', 'agriculture statistics at a glance' and the '20th livestock census', published literature and government reports. |
| Keywords: | Agriculture, Low-carbon, solarisation, carbon emission, icrier |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdc:report:25-r-09 |
| By: | Leasor, Zack; et al. (+10) |
| Abstract: | [Contents:] Observed Changes to Missouri’s Climate (Temperature – Precipitation) --- Observed Impacts on Agriculture --- Future Climate Change (Temperature) --- What Does This Mean for Agriculture? (Heat Stress – Soil Impacts – Growing Conditions – Specialty Crop Impacts) --- Adaptation Options (Specialty Crop Considerations) --- Precipitation (What Does this Mean for Agriculture? – Specialty Crop Considerations) --- Growing Season Length (What Does This Mean for Agriculture? – Specialty Crop Impacts – Adaptation Options) --- Relative Humidity (What Does This Mean for Agriculture? – Adaptation Options) --- Missouri Climate Change Resources and Extension Programs --- Citations. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Crop Production/Industries, Farm Management, Livestock Production/Industries, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2024–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usdami:355797 |
| By: | Jean, Monica; Bendorf, Josh; Baule, William; Andresen, Jeff; Wilson, Aaron; Nowatzke, Laurie; Todey, Dennis; Ontl, Todd |
| Abstract: | [Contents:] Observed Changes to Michigan’s Climate (Temperature – Precipitation – Observed Impacts on Agriculture) --- Michigan’s Future Climate (Temperature) --- What Does This Mean for Agriculture and Forestry? (Heat Stress – Soil Impacts – Growing Conditions) --- Adaptation Options --- Precipitation (What Does This Mean for Agriculture? – Adaptation Options) --- Growing Season Length (What Does this Mean for Agriculture? – Adaptation Options) --- Relative Humidity (What Does this Mean for Agriculture? – Adaptation Options) --- Fruit Crop Considerations (What Does This Mean for Fruit Production? – Adaptation Options) --- Michigan Climate Change Resources and Extension Programs --- Citations. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Crop Production/Industries, Farm Management, Livestock Production/Industries, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2024–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usdami:355590 |
| By: | Chunlin Hua; Zejun Li; Jeremy Clark (University of Canterbury) |
| Abstract: | Agricultural nonpoint source pollution (ANSP) from farmers’ use of chemical fertilizers is one of the outstanding problems in resource management across the world. Alongside the three traditional policy responses of encouraging voluntary adoption of best management practices (BMP’s), weakly enforced command and control, or economic incentives over what can be observed, we consider a fourth approach of incidental ANSP pollution control. Here small farms may voluntarily adopt BMP’s and reduce excessive fertilizer as an incidental by-product of changing production to increase profit or reduce risk. We examine specifically the option for smaller scale crop farms in Sichuan Province China to collaborate with large or new agricultural operations (LNAO’s). Collaboration can take the form of 1) technical assistance for payment or as part of 2) production orders, or 3) temporarily providing land, labour or capital in exchange for payment or share of profit. Evaluating the effects of small farms’ voluntary collaboration on their fertilizer use is hampered by their self-selection to enter such arrangements, and by their potential hesitancy to honestly reveal their (high) levels of fertilizer use. In this paper, we use 364 proximity surveys of 3528 small crop farmers located in villages primarily in Sichuan Province, China, regarding their production methods, output, and collaboration. The surveys are conducted by undergraduate/masters students from the same villages, to increase trust and encourage honest reporting of fertilizer use. We use propensity score matching (PSM) to compare the fertilizer use of farmers who do collaborate, against 1) observably matched farmers who do not, then 2) against more narrowly matched non-collaborators who express a desire to collaborate, or 3) against matched non-collaborators whose villages do not contain LNAO’s with whom to collaborate, or finally 4) against matched non-collaborators who satisfy both conditions. We find robust evidence that small farmers use substantially less nitrogen or total chemical fertilizer if they collaborate with LNAO’s via production orders. In our most credible specification, such collaboration causes small farmers to reduce their total chemical fertilizer use by 27.7%, or by 30.4 kg/Mu from a sample mean of 109.9 kg/Mu. In contrast, we find only mixed evidence of effect if farmers collaborate via technical assistance, and no significant effect if they collaborate via supplying inputs for payment or profit share. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural nonpoint source pollution (ANPS), Best management practices (BMPs), Voluntary collaboration, Fertilizer use reduction, Propensity score matching (PSM) |
| JEL: | O13 Q12 Q18 Q52 Q56 |
| Date: | 2025–03–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cbt:econwp:25/03 |
| By: | Ferro, Marco; Börner, Jan; Hüttel, Silke; Kowalski, Katja; Hostert, Patrick; Kis-Katos, Krisztina |
| Abstract: | Preserving ecosystem services and economic and environmental benefits will require future landscape policies to identify and incorporate specific landscape features. In this paper we define the term, agricultural landscape simplification, as the reduced compositional and configurational heterogeneity characterized by lower diversity and smaller numbers, sizes, and simpler arrangements of agricultural land uses, which can impair multiple regulating ecosystem services. To examine the causal effects of agricultural landscape simplification on grassland drought impact, we derive a novel remote-sensing product to measure spatial variation in the impact of drought in grasslands during a prolonged drought and heatwave in 2018, and relate it to a multidimensional index of landscape simplification based on landscape metrics. Our causal identification strategy relies on a spatially explicit fuzzy Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD) and uses Germany’s former inner border as an exogenous predictor of agricultural landscape simplification intensity. We identify that a 10 % increase in agricultural landscape simplification is associated with a 7 % increase in grassland drought impact at the former inner border, and quantify the potential forgone revenues associated with the decrease in grassland productivity at approximately 52 € per ha. Our results suggest that identifying the full range of agricultural landscape simplification’s adverse environmental and economic effects would improve preventive landscape policy designs enhancing drought resistance and fostering climate change adaptation strategies. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Environmental Economics and Policy, Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Land Economics/Use, Research Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:gausfs:355805 |
| By: | Sasho Nefovski (Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Faculty of Economics – Skopje); Tatjana Petkovska Mirchevska (Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Institute of Economics – Skopje); Ezeni Brzovska (Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Faculty of Economics – Skopje) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the role of social marketing in reducing food waste, focusing on consumer behaviour and awareness of its harmful effects. A systematic literature review (SLR) evaluates studies analysing marketing campaigns' relationship with food waste reduction. Increasing awareness and changing behaviour through marketing campaigns can significantly reduce food waste. This paper analyses relevant literature to present key findings and recommendations for effectively targeting consumers with communication strategies to reduce food waste. In addition, it explores recommendations for implementing point-of-sale activities and direct communication with consumers to promote sustainable food systems. |
| Keywords: | Social marketing, Consumer behaviour, Food waste, Communication strategies |
| JEL: | M30 M31 Q56 |
| Date: | 2024–12–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aoh:conpro:2024:i:5:p:8-17 |
| By: | Sam Jones; Marcelo Mucocana |
| Abstract: | Measurement errors in macroeconomic aggregates such as GDP have been widely lamented, particularly in low-income contexts. This study investigates the reliability of one component of national accounts, agricultural sector output. Focusing first on the case of Mozambique, we use a series of 12 harmonized national agricultural micro-surveys to construct estimates of gross annual output in the sector. Compared to corresponding national accounts values for the period 2002-20, the micro-survey estimates are about 50% lower. |
| Keywords: | Measurement error, GDP, National accounts, Agriculture, Survey data, Mozambique, Survey |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp-2025-7 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Communities and Human Settlements-Land Administration Agriculture-Agricultural Sector Economics |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:40534 |
| By: | Federico Carril-Caccia (University of Granada); Jordi Paniagua (University of Valencia. Kellogg Institute, University of Notre Dame.); Marta Suarez-Varela (Bank of Spain) |
| Abstract: | This paper analyses the effects of food crises on forced international migration (FIM) flows using a structural gravity model, testing the influence of liquidity constraints in the context of heterogeneous migration costs and economic resources of potential migrants. We construct a dataset that captures the severity, persistence, and causes of food crises. Our results suggest that food crises increase FIM. While mild food crises skew international migrants towards developed and non-neighbouring countries, more severe events divert them to closer destinations. The results indicate that food crises tighten liquidity constraints on migration, and this worsens as they intensify. Under more severe food crises, migrants may be unable to afford the higher costs of migrating internationally, particularly to a developed nation, thus choosing a closer destination or migrating internally. |
| Keywords: | Forced migration; Food crisis; Food insecurity; liquidity constraints; heterogeneous migration costs; Gravity equation |
| JEL: | F22 O15 Q18 |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eec:wpaper:2505 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Environment-Climate Change Impacts Health, Nutrition and Population-Climate Change and Health |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:40494 |
| By: | Francisco Serranito; Imen Ghattassi; David Dosso |
| Abstract: | This paper addresses climate change by examining the determinants of international climate finance. In response to the effects and potential damages of climate change, countries and international institutions are increasingly making efforts to mitigate its impacts. While financial assistance are being increasingly mobilized to help countries confront this threat, many nations remain underprepared for the effects of climate change and are at risk of experiencing significant economic and social damage due to climate-related events. This paper focuses on the allocation of international climate finance, exploring the extent to which countries are supported in their climate change adaptation efforts, particularly with regard to more vulnerable nations. By employing a Gravity Panel Model that includes 140 recipient and 30 provider countriesover the period 2000-2021, this paper shows that vulnerable countries to climate change are not likely to receive climate finance in the form of either grants or loans. Political ties and economic interests appear to play a significant role in the allocation of international climate finance. |
| Keywords: | international climate finance, climate vulnerability, gravity panel model |
| JEL: | Q54 F35 C01 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:drm:wpaper:2025-13 |
| By: | Saufillah, Zulfiyatus |
| Abstract: | Energy management is critical to achieving sustainable agriculture development and reducing environmental impacts. The strategies for energy management discussed in this essay, including energy efficiency measures, energy management systems, and green financing, can help drive green entrepreneurship growth in the agriculture sector. Implementing these strategies can help green entrepreneurs reduce energy consumption and costs, improve productivity, promote sustainable development, and create new growth opportunities. Therefore, policymakers, investors, and other stakeholders should work together to support the implementation of these strategies in the agriculture sector. |
| Date: | 2023–05–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:5qcwr_v1 |
| By: | Brent, Daniel A.; Wietelman, Derek (Resources for the Future); Wichman, Casey (Resources for the Future) |
| Abstract: | Using price incentives to allocate scarce resources is a core tenet of economics but may result in unpalatable distributional outcomes. We analyze the efficacy of prices as a means of inducing water conservation during severe drought by studying the introduction of surcharges enacted within existing nonlinear rate structures. Embedding machine learning counterfactual prediction methods within a demand framework to isolate exogenous price variation, we find evidence that households exhibit a significant demand response despite the temporary nature of surcharges. However, further investigation reveals that surcharges alone cannot explain a majority of the conservation observed despite steep price increases. “Budget-based” rates undercut scarcity signals by shielding large users from binding price increases, and surcharges themselves do little to reduce the regressivity of water expenditures. Simpler rate structures can dominate along equity dimensions, and their progressivity can be enhanced via lump-sum transfers within the rate structure. |
| Date: | 2025–03–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rff:dpaper:dp-25-07 |
| By: | Nathaniel Jensen; Jose Lopez-Rivas; Karlijn Morsink; Emma Rikken |
| Abstract: | We examine the impact of climate shocks and drought insurance on inter-communal pastoral conflict in Kenya and Ethiopia. Using NASA’s eMODIS satellite data on pasture availability and a 40-season longitudinal household dataset, our findings highlight the dual role of pasture scarcity and pasture abundance in driving conflict, contingent on seasonal timing. Negative shocks leading to pasture scarcity increase conflict in dry seasons, while positive shocks that lead to pasture abundance fuel conflict in subsequent rainy seasons. Leveraging exogenous variation in drought insurance, we find that while insurance reduces conflict on average, this masks important heterogeneity. Ex post indemnity payments mitigate conflict during droughts, but ex ante insurance coverage exacerbates conflict when pasture is abundant in rainy seasons. These findings highlight the dual relationship between resource availability and conflict, and the importance of considering the impact of policy interventions in this light. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:csa:wpaper:2025-02 |
| By: | Samantha M. Treacy; Alexandra B. Moura |
| Abstract: | As reliance on solar photovoltaic (PV) generation grows, particularly in Alberta, accounting for the impact of wildfire smoke on solar energy production is crucial. This is particularly relevant in regions with high PV generation potential, such as Alberta, as they are often more vulnerable to frequent and intense wildfires. This study quantifies PV energy losses and financial impacts due to wildfire smoke in Alberta, using fine particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) as a proxy for smoke pollution. Historical weather and PM2.5 data, along with simulated PV production from actual completed, proposed, and under-construction projects, are used to train and test the model. The simulated data is validated against real production data. The six-year study (2018–2023) covers major wildfire years and employs machine learning techniques, particularly random forest regression, to isolate the effects of PM2.5 on solar production. Financial losses are estimated in Canadian dollars, adjusted for inflation to December 2023. Results show a PV production decline of up to 6.3% at a single solar site over six years, with an overall average reduction of 3.91% under severe conditions. The cumulative impact led to a 0.19% average generation loss, equating to over $4.5 million in financial losses. Higher smoke levels consistently correlate with greater solar energy losses, aligning with findings from other regions. The results of this study enhance our understanding of climate change impacts on solar energy, highlighting wildfire smoke as a relevant factor. As PV adoption expands, these findings offer valuable insights for decision-makers and operational planners, emphasizing the need for strategies to mitigate smoke-related disruptions and ensure energy reliability. |
| Keywords: | Photovoltaic production; Wildfires; PM2.5; Financial impact; Random forest; Solar power. |
| JEL: | C55 N72 P18 Q42 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ise:remwps:wp03732025 |
| By: | Marc Deschamps (Université Marie et Louis Pasteur, CRESE, UR3190, F-25000 Besançon, France); Julie Le Gallo (CESAER UMR1041, INRAE, Institut Agro Dijon, France); Catherine Refait-Alexandre (Université Marie et Louis Pasteur, CRESE, UR3190, F-25000 Besançon, France) |
| Abstract: | Drawing on data from three specialized crowdfunding platforms and on semi-structured interviews conducted with project leaders located in the French Jura Arc region, we examine the role of this financing mechanism in the transition of the agri-food system. We draw in particular on proximity theory (Torre, 2018) to show that while so-called “social” proximity (ties of family, friendship, or networks) plays a decisive role in the success of crowdfunding campaigns, geographical proximity does not appear to be a determining factor in the decision to resort to crowdfunding or in the success of these campaigns. Our exploratory study also suggests that other forms of proximity (institutional or organizational) may influence the actors’ approaches. Finally, family and friendly support remains central, whereas the effect of any “geographical neighborhood” appears much more limited. |
| Keywords: | crowdfunding, transition, agri-food, proximity theory, social and geographical proximity. |
| JEL: | G29 Q14 Q20 R11 R12 |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crb:wpaper:2025-03-2 |
| By: | Nicolas Cerkez |
| Abstract: | Climate change and the erosion of democratic norms are two of the most pressing global challenges. This paper establishes a link between individuals’ support for democracy and extreme weather events, such as droughts, in the context of sub-Saharan Africa - a region highly vulnerable to climate change and where democratic norms are fragile. I analyze this relationship using Afrobarometer data on support for democracy from 2002 to 2015, covering 129, 002 individuals across 16 countries, combined with granular weather data from 1960 to 2015 at a 27km × 27km grid cell resolution. I find that exposure to drought reduces support for democracy by 2.56%, but that this effect is limited to individuals living in established democracies. I further explore how this weakening of democratic norms is linked to exposure to non-democratic governance systems, proxied by proximity to development projects funded by autocratic regimes. I find that the effect of droughts on support for democracy is significant only for individuals exposed to autocratic systems. Finally, I provide suggestive evidence that this reduction in support for democracy is associated with lower political engagement, as measured by participation in demonstrations. These findings highlight the political costs of climate change in developing countries. |
| JEL: | Q54 Q56 P16 P48 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:csa:wpaper:2025-03 |
| By: | Rochi Khemka; Patricia Lopez; Olivia Jensen |
| Keywords: | Water Resources-Water Economics Water Resources-Freshwater Resources Finance and Financial Sector Development-Access to Finance |
| Date: | 2023–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:40225 |
| By: | Ainy, Khurin |
| Abstract: | Enhancing agricultural data security through invisible image watermarking requires a strategic management perspective. By leveraging this technology, the agricultural sector can protect valuable data, mitigate risks, and strengthen the integrity of information flows. However, successful implementation necessitates careful consideration of decision-making processes, resource allocation, organizational alignment, stakeholder engagement, and regulatory compliance. Further research and collaboration are crucial to unlock the full potential of invisible image watermarking for agricultural data security. |
| Date: | 2023–06–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:svz8j_v1 |
| By: | Md Lutfur Rahman (University of Newcastle); Sudipta Bose (University of Newcastle) |
| Abstract: | This study examines the association between firm-level climate change risk exposure and corporate risk-taking using a sample of 50, 782 firm-year observations from 2003 to 2021 across 58 countries worldwide. Using a time-varying measure of firm-level climate change risk exposure derived from corporate conference call transcripts, we find a negative relationship between firm-level climate change risk exposure and corporate risk-taking. We also find that the negative association is more pronounced for firms with higher environmental innovation and firms domiciled in countries with stakeholder-oriented business cultures and stronger governance. Our key finding is robust under several alternative corporate risk-taking and climate change risk exposure proxies. The findings of this study could be used by policymakers to enact regulations limiting risky investments in climate-vulnerable sectors or to provide economic safety nets for businesses impacted by climate change. |
| Keywords: | Climate change exposure; corporate risk-taking; Asia Pacific countries |
| JEL: | G32 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–03–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:era:wpaper:dp-2024-36 |
| By: | Marlies Piek; Dieter von Fintel |
| Abstract: | The effects of minimum wages on workers and firms depend on enforcement and compliance. While most research examines local determinants, this paper explores whether international market enforcement influences minimum wage impacts. In South Africa farmers exporting to the EU must comply with private standards mandating minimum wage adherence. Using difference-in-differences and administrative tax data, we analyse how a large agricultural minimum wage increase affected export stance, employment, and wages under varying private standards. |
| Keywords: | Minimum wage, Trade, Employment, Wages, Administrative data, Tax data, South Africa |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp-2025-10 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Infrastructure Economics and Finance-Infrastructure Finance Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change Agriculture-Agricultural Sector Economics |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:40320 |