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on Agricultural Economics |
| By: | Möckel, Stefan; Baaken, Marieke; Bartkowski, Bartosz; Beckmann, Michael; Strauch, Michael; Stubenrauch, Jessica; Volk, Martin; Witing, Felix; Wolf, André |
| Abstract: | With months of drought, hot summers and flooding, global warming has also become increasingly apparent in Germany over recent years. The Climate Protection Act, which was amended in 2021, therefore aims to achieve climate neutrality by 2045. At the same time, a favourable conservation status for habitats, species and water bodies are still the exception in cultivated landscapes, in spite of obligations under European law to achieve this. In this article, we estimate the potential impacts of various landscape designs and integrated landuse measures in terms of climate change mitigation and adaptation, favourable conservation status as well as long-term food security and profitable land use. Based on these impact assessments, we then identify priority measures to be taken. The comparative assessment of effectiveness is intended to help prioritise the most suitable measures in view of limited financial and human resources. |
| Keywords: | design of cultivated landscapes, agriculture, forestry, integrated measures, prioritisation, climate change, climate adaptation, security of food, water and biomass supply, biodiversity |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ufzdps:302565 |
| By: | Youngho Kim |
| Abstract: | Payments for ecosystem services (PES) programs can enhance resilience to extreme weather events by establishing natural infrastructure. I investigate the effectiveness of the Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP) in the United States in mitigating flooded crop losses through the restoration of riparian buffers and wetlands. By leveraging variation in the timing of the program’s introduction across counties, I find that CREP reduced the number of flooded crop acres by 39 percent and the extent of damage on those acres by 26 percent during the initial 11 years of program implementation. The flood mitigation benefits of CREP also generated financial spillover effects on the federal crop insurance program, saving $94 million in indemnity payouts that would have otherwise been paid to insured farmers. Two-thirds of these benefits resulted from reduced flood damage on cropland in production, while the remaining benefits were attributed to the removal of at-risk cropland from production. The magnitude of benefits varied spatially and temporally depending on the duration of program availability, the extent of program participation, and the adoption of alternative risk management strategies. Overall, these findings underscore the critical role of PES programs in facilitating nature-based solutions for climate change adaptation. |
| Date: | 2023–11–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oxf:wpaper:1054 |
| By: | Masters, William A.; Wallingford, Jessica K.; Herforth, Anna W.; Bai, Yan |
| Abstract: | Since 2020, measuring a population’s access to sufficient nutritious food for an active and healthy life has been done with a new metric known as the Cost and Affordability of Healthy Diets (CoAHD), computed annually for all countries by the World Bank and the FAO, and also used by researchers and national governments to track spatial and temporal variation within countries. This new kind of cost and affordability data measures food access using market prices of the least expensive locally available items that would meet nutritional criteria adopted by national governments, as summarized in a Healthy Diet Basket (HDB) level of intake balanced among six complementary food groups: starchy staples, vegetables, fruits, fats & oils, animal source foods, and legumes, nuts or seeds. CoAHD metrics reflect the definition of food security introduced during the World Food Summit of 1996, and complement earlier measures of global food security used by UN agencies and governments, which are the Prevalence of Undernourishment (PoU) based on total national availability and intake distribution of calories, and the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) based on survey data asking whether a household ran out of resources to acquire their usual diets. This paper briefly discusses the evolution of global food security measurement, then highlights updates to the methods used to compute CoAHD indicators and presents newly available CoAHD data obtained using this methodology and updated price data. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Consumer/Household Economics, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty |
| Date: | 2024–08–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:cfcp15:345234 |
| By: | Magali Aubert (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Geoffroy Enjolras (UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Abstract: | In a search of higher income and lower dependence on intermediaries in the food chain, family farms are increasingly adopting short food supply chains (SFSCs). The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of farm entrepreneurs and their family in defining the implementation of SFSCs. We use the 2010 Exhaustive Agricultural Census of French farms and implement a logit model. The results underline the fact that young and educated farm entrepreneurs are more likely to promote SFSCs. The presence of the family on the farm as well as the involvement of family members play a key role in the choice of SFSCs. However, the marital status of a farm entrepreneur and the involvement of their spouse have no specific influence. This research sheds new light on the key role played by families in supporting productive and marketing strategies of farms. |
| Keywords: | family-run management, short food supply chains, farming |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04669456 |
| By: | Diao, Xinshen; Dorosh, Paul A.; Escalante, Luis Enrique; Pradesha, Angga; Thurlow, James; Junyan, Tian |
| Abstract: | Although the economy of Papua New Guinea is heavily influenced by the oil and natural gas sector, which accounts for 30 percent of GDP and most of the country’s foreign exchange earnings, small-scale agriculture continues to be the major source of livelihoods for most of the population. Much of the food crop production (particularly starchy staples such as sweet potatoes, cassava, yams and sago) is not traded internationally; however, oil palm, coffee and cocoa are major exports. A large share of agricultural production undergoes little value-added through processing and much of it is consumed by farm households themselves. Thus, there would appear to be substantial scope for increases in employment and incomes through further development of the broader agrifood system, including agroprocessing, trade and transport, and food services. Subsistence farming typically dominates agriculture during the earliest stages of development; as agricultural productivity rises; however, farmers start to supply surplus production to markets, thus creating job opportunities for workers in the nonfarm economy both within and outside of agrifood sectors (Haggblade, Hazell, and Dorosh 2007). Rising rural incomes generate demand for more diverse products, leading to more processing, packaging, transporting, trading, and other nonfarm activities. In the early stages of agricultural transformation, the agriculture sector serves as an engine of rural and national economic growth. Eventually, urbanization, the nonfarm economy, and nonagricultural incomes play more dominant roles in propelling agrifood system development, with urban and rural nonfarm consumers creating most of the demand for agricultural outputs via value chains connecting rural areas to towns and cities (Dorosh and Thurlow 2013). The exact nature of this transformation process varies across countries because of the diverse structure of their economies and the unique growth trajectories of their various agrifood and nonfood subsectors. This paper describes the current and changing structure of PNG’s agrifood system (AFS) and evaluates the potential contribution of different value chains to accelerate agricultural transformation and inclusiveness. We start by offering a simple conceptual framework of the AFS and then compare PNG’s AFS to that of other countries at different stages of development. We go on to disaggregate PNG’s AFS across agricultural value chains, taking into consideration their different market structures and historical contribution to economic growth and transformation. Finally, we use a forward-looking economywide model to assess the diverse contributions that specific value chains can make to each of a set of broad development outcomes. We conclude by summarizing our main findings. |
| Keywords: | agrifood systems; crop production; households; livelihoods; value chains; Oceania; Papua New Guinea |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprwp:151858 |
| By: | David W. Shanafelt |
| Abstract: | Ecosystem services are at the forefront of ecosystem management, and are a featured component of each research themes of the Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation, et l’Environnement (INRAE). The national research program Transition en Territoires de l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (TETRAE) represents INRAE’s long-term commitment to the sustainable management of agricultural, ecological, and urban environments. The project Perceptions et valorisation des services écosystémiques en forêt (PERCEVAL) is funded under the TETRAE program. Specifically, it seeks to assess potential markets for biodiversity and ecosystem services in forests in the Grand-Est region of France, and to develop a digital platform where economic partners and local stakeholders can access its findings to better inform their management decisions. In this document, we provide a baseline database of the supply or provisioning of ecosystem services in the Grand-Est region of France. We estimate a set of eighteen indicators of seven ecosystem services, which include agriculture production potential, biodiversity, aboveground carbon storage, livestock grazing potential, net ecosystem productivity, pollination potential, and soil loss by water erosion. Our analysis uses a mix of land use and land cover data, established relationships between ecosystem services and land use/reflectance data, and published maps of ecosystem service supply from the scientific literature. We use information regarding the locations of agriculture, cities, and forests as well as topography to understand some of the potential drivers of ecosystem service supply in the Grand Est, and measure the interactions – how a change in one service leads to a change in another – between ecosystem services considered in the study. In full transparency, we provide support documentation for our study. This includes metadata, code, and data for estimating ecosystem services in the Grand Est. In general, our findings are consistent with the scientific literature and what we would expect given our models and the data used to estimate them. While we would not recommend interpreting our results as absolute point measurements of ecosystem service supply at specific locations, we do believe that they do a good job at showing where ecosystem services are being supplied in the Grand Est. We discuss our results in the context of ecosystem management in Grand Est – specifically the importance of forests in the region – and how they fit into the broader question of what should be provided from the perspective of society. Finally, we provide a discussion of the limitations of our study. |
| Keywords: | ecosystem services, GIS, Grand Est, interactions. |
| JEL: | C80 Q57 Y10 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulp:sbbeta:2024-33 |
| By: | Lykke E. Andersen (SDSN Bolivia); Fabiana Karina Argandoña (SDSN Bolivia); Sergio Choque Sunagua (SDSN Bolivia); Diego Leonel Calderón Acebey (SDSN Bolivia); Ville Inkinen (University of Exeter); Alfonso Malky (Conservation Strategy Fund) |
| Abstract: | In this paper we develop a high-resolution map of agricultural potential in Bolivia by combining existing economic and geographical information at the most disaggregated level possible. We assume that farmers know which crops are most suitable for their environment and circumstances, and therefore start by determining the most common crop/livestock in each municipality, as well as the average yields and prices for these crops. We then proceed to develop a high-resolution Production Cost Factor, which depends on physical conditions (e.g. slope, soil quality, precipitation, minimum and maximum temperatures, etc.) as well as legal restrictions (e.g. protected area, near river, etc.). This allows us to generate a map of the net annual agricultural value per hectare. Finally, we calculate the net present value of agriculture by taking into account how many years a plot is typically continuously cultivated in each municipality. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Economics, agricultural yields, spatial pricing, spatial production |
| JEL: | O13 Q10 R32 |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iad:sdsnwp:0523 |
| By: | Makoza, Frank |
| Abstract: | Agriculture subsidy programs increase participation of rural households in food security and nutrition improvement in Malawi. Digital technologies e.g. mobile application (App) and biometrical identification, electronic database have been integrated in implementation of Affordable inputs program (AIP) to support effectiveness and efficient delivery of the program. This paper analysed the effect of mobile network quality on the use of e-AIP redemption benefits app in AIP. The study analysed secondary data using content analysis. The findings showed that network availability was the main cause of network glitches that affected the use of mobile application for redeeming agricultural inputs. The network glitches created further challenges to the agricultural inputs subsidy beneficiaries and stakeholders. The include loss to time, promotion of corruption and late processing of transactions affecting overall goal of supporting food security. The study suggest areas of further research and recommendations for the telecommunications regulator to improve on measuring mobile network performance to include quality of user experience. |
| Keywords: | Affordable inputs subsidy, Mobile application, mobile network quality, Food security, Malawi |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:302572 |
| By: | Möckel, Stefan; Baaken, Marieke; Bartkowski, Bartosz; Beckmann, Michael; Henn, Elisabeth; Strauch, Michael; Stubenrauch, Jessica |
| Abstract: | The global increase in greenhouse gases is also changing the climate conditions more severely in Germany. This particularly affects local cultivated landscapes, which cover large parts of Germany and are already experiencing a wide range of ecological problems. Although agricultural land use characterises cultivated landscapes, their sustainability does not only depend on a change in farming methods. The creation of sustainable cultivated landscapes requires an approach that goes beyond individual actions, which is rather a task for society as a whole that extends well beyond the responsibility and possibilities of individual landowners and managers. Based on the common ecological problems and the specific challenges of climate change described in more detail in the article, we therefore analyse what sustainability means and which social goals and requirements can be identified for cultivated landscapes. The article aims to create a basis for developing practical concepts for measures, government regulations and state subsidies. |
| Keywords: | climate change, cultivated landscape, agriculture, forestry, sustainability, international law, European law, constitutional law, nature conservation, ecosystems, biodiversity |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ufzdps:302564 |
| By: | Laborde Debucquet, David; Piñeiro, Valeria |
| Abstract: | In this brief, we examine the potential impact of repurposing agricultural support. By modeling the impact of various approaches to repurposing agricultural subsidies, we can outline and compare modest reforms and bolder approaches in the current context and, assuming larger contributions by low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), see where there are benefits and identify tradeoffs that must be addressed when implementing these reforms. |
| Keywords: | modelling; developing countries; funding; reforms; agriculture; food systems |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:polbrf:152005 |
| By: | Lykke E. Andersen (SDSN Bolivia); Fabiana Argandoña (SDSN Bolivia); Diego Calderón (SDSN Bolivia); Sergio Choque (SDSN Bolivia); Alvaro Muñoz (SDSN Bolivia) |
| Abstract: | This paper presents the Updated Conservation Incentives Spreadsheet for Bolivia (UCISS-Bolivia) tool and uses it to analyze the options and trade-offs involved in achieving the forest related goals of Bolivia’s NDCs. UCISS-Bolivia is an Excel-based tool for analyzing the potential effects of different incentives to reduce deforestation. It is based on a spatial econometric model of deforestation in Bolivia during the period 2016-2021, and uses information on forest cover, deforestation rates, geographical conditions, and drivers of deforestation, including agricultural opportunity costs, for more than 120, 000 pixels covering the whole country. The model can help answer questions such as: Where in Bolivia does it make most sense to reduce deforestation? What kind of incentives are most effective at reducing deforestation? How much money will it take to reduce deforestation by a given amount? This kind of simulations are helpful for designing the key elements of a Joint Mitigation and Adaptation Mechanism for the Integral and Sustainable Management of Forests. |
| Keywords: | Nationally Determined Contributions, deforestation, conservation, incentives, Bolivia |
| JEL: | Q21 Q56 |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iad:sdsnwp:0324 |
| By: | Zhaoxin Liu (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam); Erik Ansink (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) |
| Abstract: | Reducing meat consumption has become a global policy target due to rising environmental, health, and animal welfare concerns. We provide novel evidence on how price change in real life affects grocery shopping behavior in the Netherlands. We focus on price-induced behavioral response among major meat categories (beef, pork, and poultry), fish, and the emerging product category of plant-based meat substitutes (PBMS). Our analysis is based on detailed weekly transaction data from approximately 1, 500 products in 884 stores from several retail chains between 2015 and 2018. The own- and cross-price elasticities are estimated via a Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System model, where we instrument the endogenous prices by the average prices from nearby stores. Our results show that all animal products have inelastic own-price elasticities, except for pork (-2.1). PBMS have a significant positive own-price elasticity (1.52), which we explain by the increasing variety of high-quality PBMS products. We also show that PBMS are price complements for beef, poultry, and fish. This study contributes to the policy discussions on a carbon meat tax and the protein transition by providing key statistics on price elasticities. |
| Keywords: | Consumer demand, meat, fish, plant-based meat substitutes, price elasticity |
| JEL: | Q1 D1 D4 |
| Date: | 2024–07–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tin:wpaper:20240046 |
| By: | Birthal, Pratap S.; Hazrana, Jaweriah; Saxena, Raka |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Livestock Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2023–03–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:icar24:345045 |
| By: | Koenen, Melissa (Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management) |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tiu:tiutis:f5aa55eb-0884-4c74-9abd-7ac507c00b74 |
| By: | Alice Di Bella; Francesco Pietro Colelli |
| Abstract: | This study explores compounding impacts of climate change on power system's load and generation, emphasising the need to integrate adaptation and mitigation strategies into investment planning. We combine existing and novel empirical evidence to model impacts on: i) air-conditioning demand; ii) thermal power outages; iii) hydro-power generation shortages. Using a power dispatch and capacity expansion model, we analyse the Italian power system's response to these climate impacts in 2030, integrating mitigation targets and optimising for cost-efficiency at an hourly resolution. We outline different meteorological scenarios to explore the impacts of both average climatic changes and the intensification of extreme weather events. We find that addressing extreme weather in power system planning will require an extra 5-8 GW of photovoltaic (PV) capacity, on top of the 50 GW of the additional solar PV capacity required by the mitigation target alone. Despite the higher initial investments, we find that the adoption of renewable technologies, especially PV, alleviates the power system's vulnerability to climate change and extreme weather events. Furthermore, enhancing short-term storage with lithium-ion batteries is crucial to counterbalance the reduced availability of dispatchable hydro generation. |
| Date: | 2024–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2409.03593 |
| By: | David W. Shanafelt; Brian Danle; Jesse Caputo; Marielle Brunette |
| Abstract: | Forests face an increasing number of threats of both natural and human cause, many of which are expected to increase in frequency and intensity in the future. Recent calls in the literature have pointed out the need for holistic approaches when developing ecosystem and forest management policies, which requires a broad understanding of how forest owners perceive the uncertainties and risks that may threaten their forests. In this paper, we study a set of sixteen concerns in the United States National Woodland Owners Survey (NWOS). Our set of concerns span a broad array of types and causes – natural and anthropogenic – that capture multiple aspects of forest ownership. We measure the level of concern that family forest owners associate with each concern variable, and explore how the levels of concern vary with each other. We then turn our attention to the “total concernedness” of forest owners by summing the level of concern across all concern variables to study how individuals distribute their concerns across multiple ownership challenges. Finally, we relate an individual’s total concern to his/her socio-demographic and forest-ownership attributes to understand how variation in these factors may be associated with an owner’s level of overall concernedness. We find that private forest owners report moderate levels of concern, on average, for all concerns in the NWOS, and that concerns are, in general, positively correlated with each other. Moreover, forest owners tend to distribute their concerns evenly across all types of concerns, as opposed to high levels of one concern and none for the others. Among our results, we discuss implications of the finding that the majority of forest owners in our survey express moderate levels of concern for most ownership challenges. Our analysis highlights a general need for forest policy and regulations that properly consider the full suite of owner preferences, benefits, and costs, including concerns. |
| Keywords: | concerns; National Woodland Owners Survey (NWOS); family forest owners; threats; Tobit regression. |
| JEL: | D8 Q23 Q50 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulp:sbbeta:2024-32 |
| By: | Ceapraz, Ion Lucian; Catherine, Delhoume; Zohra, Benkhettab Fatima |
| Abstract: | Our work proposes to highlight the role of territorial determinants and more particularly those of socio-economic nature in the development of a territorial soy industry in the Hauts-de-France region, France. The approach consists of highlighting how and what are the conditions and the forms of the determinants of social capital to anchor a sustainable local soy industry. Thus, in our paper, these socio-economic determinants take the form of the collective dynamics of farmers which constitute a major factor in the establishment of soy culture in different territories of Hauts-de-France region. In this paper we have chosen a qualitative approach using a grid of semi-directive interviews with agricultural stakeholders, as part of the DOP Picardie project . The various players involved in the soya commodity chain were interviewed, with a comparative analysis of two study areas, Bourgogne Franche Comté and Marne. Our surveys and their interpretations yielded numerous results in the form of motivations, constraints, and recommendations for the sustainable establishment of soya sector in Hauts-de-France, as well as the identifying the socio-economic, agronomic, and regulatory factors that come together as collective actions to promote this sector. |
| Date: | 2024–09–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:su5gd |
| By: | Felbermayr, Gabriel; Peterson, Sonja; Wanner, Joschka |
| Abstract: | While international trade can offer gains from specialization and access to a wider range of products, it is also closely interlinked with global environmental problems, above all, anthropogenic climate change. This survey provides a structured overview of the economic literature on the interaction between environmental outcomes, trade, environmental policy and trade policy. In this endeavor, it covers approaches reaching from descriptive data analysis based on input‐output tables, over quantitative trade models and econometric studies to game‐theoretic analyses. Addressed issues are in particular the emission content of trade and emissions along value chains, the relocation of dirty firms and environmental impacts abroad, impacts of specific trade policies (such as trade agreements or tariffs) or environmental policies (such as border carbon adjustment), transportation emissions, as well as the role of firms. Across the different topics covered, the paper also tries to identify avenues for future research, with a particular focus on extending quantitative trade and environment models. |
| Keywords: | carbon border adjustment, carbon leakage, climate change, trade, trade policy |
| JEL: | F13 F18 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifwkie:302108 |
| By: | Bambang Sulaksono; Rachma Indah Nurbani; Hariyanti Sadaly |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:agg:wpaper:1602 |
| By: | Kishore, Prabhat; Roy, Devesh; Birthal, Pratap S.; Srivastava, Shivendra Kumar |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries, Sustainability |
| Date: | 2024–04–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:icar24:345044 |
| By: | Belton, Ben; Breisinger, Clemens; Kassim, Yumna; Pal, Barun Deb; Narayanan, Sudha; Zhang, Xiaobo |
| Abstract: | Clusters are spatial aggregations of small businesses producing the same or related goods or services. Together, these businesses have the potential to contribute to economic development of rural areas by compounding the existing strengths of local producing communities. Cluster-based development has been successful where governments facilitate infrastructure and provide services to support existing clusters, often leading to spillover and expansion of these clusters to wider areas over time (Abdelaziz et al. 2021). Agrifood cluster development can occur via two broad mechanisms: (1) immanent development, where clusters of commercial farms as well as firms in the value chain that provide goods and services re quired by farms (for example, specialized production inputs, machinery, and transport), emerge spontaneously in co-located groups; and (2) organized development, where actors such as government, companies, or nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) organize producers into groups to deliver extension services, inputs, or credit or to upgrade production practices, facilitate collective action to improve terms of market access, or enable compliance with standards or forms of branding such as geographic indications |
| Keywords: | small and medium enterprises; economic development; rural areas; value chains; infrastructure; Asia; Southern Asia; India |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:othbrf:152082 |
| By: | Muhammad Javid (King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center) |
| Abstract: | The main objective of this paper is twofold. First, we attempt to identify the main determinants of domestic water demand in Saudi Arabia. In this respect, we estimate two sets of water demand models for Saudi Arabia from 1994 to 2021. In the first model, we estimate water demand as a function of water price, income, and population. In the second model, we add water-use efficiency (WUE) as an additional variable to examine its role in future domestic water demand. Second, our goal is to project the domestic water demand of Saudi Arabia by 2050 using estimated models 1 and 2. |
| Date: | 2024–03–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:prc:dpaper:ks--2024-dp05 |
| By: | Olena Kostyshyna; Maude Ouellet |
| Abstract: | We use Canadian home scanner data to study household food inflation rates during periods of low and high inflation. We find that during the post-pandemic surge in inflation, the actual inflation rates experienced by different households varied more widely. Low-income households faced higher inflation than high-income households. We find that during the high-inflation period, households used several strategies to lower the impact of inflation, including shopping more frequently, shopping at more stores or buying more on sale. Canadian households also substituted more toward low-priced products when inflation increased. |
| Keywords: | Inflation and prices |
| JEL: | E21 E30 E31 L81 |
| Date: | 2024–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bca:bocawp:24-33 |