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on Agricultural Economics |
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Issue of 2024‒06‒24
28 papers chosen by |
| By: | Zou, Baoling (Southwest University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu); Mishra, Ashok K. (Arizona State University) |
| Abstract: | Worldwide, most farms are small and family-operated. This study discusses the future of smallholder agriculture in China, where most farms are small, and farms' parcels are fragmented. The study puts forward a framework of vertical division of labor and specialized production in agriculture. We posit that hiring machinery services could be a pathway to connect smallholders with modern agriculture and achieve food security in China. Using household-level data from China, this study examines the impact of hiring machinery services on farm productivity, food security, and rural households' welfare. Findings show that mechanization services increased rural Chinese families' food security and agricultural productivity. Hiring machinery services improves smallholders' income by influencing the input efficiency of maize production. At the same time, increased mechanization implied greater participation in off-farm work. In other words, more family labor and time are allocated to off-farm work, which results in higher total income and increased consumption expenditures. Our findings highlight the importance of technology to improve smallholder agriculture and food security, not only in China but also in other South and Southeast Asian countries. |
| Keywords: | production efficiency, machinery services, household welfare, food security |
| JEL: | Q12 C36 J22 |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17008&r= |
| By: | Bachev, Hrabrin; Ivanov, Bozhidar |
| Abstract: | This paper offers a holistic framework for an adequate understanding of the concept and components of agri-food governance and for assessing its quality. Agri-food governance is defined as a complex system with five components: (1) agri-food and related agents, (2) means (rules, forms, and mechanisms) that govern agents’ behavior, activities, and relationships, (3) processes and activities related to making diverse managerial decisions, (4) specific social order resulting from the governing process, and (5) outcomes of the functioning of the system in terms of the realization of sustainable development goals. For a holistic assessment of the quality of agri-food governance, a multidimensional hierarchical system with good governance 11 principles, 21 criteria, and 36 indicators and reference values is presented. The assessment of the farming component of agri-food governance system in Bulgaria, based on statistical and expert data, showed that its overall quality is at a moderate European Union level. In terms of sustainability, the quality of governance is at a good level, while for process, means, and order components, it is at a satisfactory level. The quality of agrarian governance is highest in terms of equity and solidarity and the good functioning public sector. The quality of agrarian governance is lowest in terms of stakeholder involvement and the Good Working Private Sector. In the future, in the latter two areas, combined actions of public, private, and collective agents are needed to improve the country’s agri-food governance. This study showed that particular attention is needed to improve currently inferior decision-making transparency, unacceptable lobbying, and high transaction costs for dealing with other agents, mitigate agricultural contribution to climate change, increase the significance of agriculture, match management decisions to public expectations, increase the competency and expertise of agrarian agents, and improve farm access to public support. The suggested framework for agri-food governance analysis and assessment is to be further adapted to the specificity of different agri-food systems and applied more broadly in diverse agri-food systems in a particular country and region, and international comparisons between (different EU) countries. The widespread application of the GAMPOS framework requires the systematic collection of new types of micro and macro data about the characteristics of governance agents, means, processes, order, and sustainability in different agri-food systems, including through official national, EU, and international statistical systems as well as the cooperation of all participating and interested parties in good governance. |
| Keywords: | governance; agri-food systems; quality; principles; criteria; indicators; assessment |
| JEL: | Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q15 Q18 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:120858&r= |
| By: | van Dijk, Michiel; de Lange, Thijs |
| Abstract: | Recently, in many low- and middle-income countries, a rise in income, urbanization and a change in lifestyles have resulted in a shift in dietary patterns from mainly staple crops, such as rice, wheat and maize, towards a diet characterized by higher intake of meat, sugar and processed foods. This so-called nutrition transition has led to a situation in many countries that is referred to as the double burden of malnutrition, which is defined as the simultaneous observation of both undernutrition and overweight, obesity, and diet-related non-communicable diseases. The change in diets, and in particular the worldwide rise in the consumption of animal protein, also has had a strong negative impact on the environment, including loss in biodiversity, water resource depletion, deforestation, and an increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. There is consensus that the transformation towards sustainable healthy diets is regarded as a key strategy to improve human nutrition and health, combat poverty and promote environmental sustainability. Sustainable healthy diets are defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) as “a dietary pattern that promotes all dimensions of individuals’ health and wellbeing; has low environmental pressure and impact; is accessible, affordable, safe and equitable; and is culturally acceptable†. Several studies show that adoption of diets which are characterized by low-meat content or are completely plant-based, result in improved health outcomes but might lead to an increase in cropland, freshwater and fertilizer use in several low-income countries. This suggests that there might be unintended consequences and trade-offs that need to be addressed by decisionmakers when promoting the uptake of healthy diets. The aim of this study is to assess the potential trade-offs between socio-economic, health and environmental impacts associated with a transition towards healthier diets in Bangladesh for the period 2022-2040. The forward-looking approach, which compares two healthy diet scenarios with a business-as usual future in which the diets follow a pattern consistent with the widely observed nutrition transition, will be useful to inform long-run national strategies such as Vision-2041, Bangladesh’s long-run plan to achieve high-income status and eradicate poverty by 2041, as well as the national food system transformation pathway that has been developed with support from the 2021 United Nations Food Systems Summit (UNFSS) initiative. |
| Keywords: | diet; environmental impact; health; socioeconomics; Bangladesh; Asia; Asia; Southern Asia |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:144197&r= |
| By: | Farm Service Agency |
| Abstract: | The Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (the 2018 Farm Bill) authorized the Livestock Indemnity Program (LIP) to provide benefits to eligible livestock owners or contract growers for livestock deaths in excess of normal mortality caused by eligible loss conditions, including eligible adverse weather, eligible disease and attacks by animals reintroduced into the wild by the federal government or protected by federal law, including wolves and avian predators. In addition, LIP provides assistance to eligible livestock owners that must sell livestock at a reduced price because of an injury from an eligible loss condition. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Livestock Production/Industries, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2024–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usdami:343270&r= |
| By: | Menard, Jamey |
| Abstract: | USDA’s National Agricultural Statistics Service’s (NASS) Census of Agriculture is published every five years and provides data at the U.S., state, and county levels. Online agriculture census versions go as far back as 1840 (USDA/NASS, 2024). One metric tracked is the change in the average age of agricultural producers. This information is provided at the county level for Tennessee for the Census reporting periods 2017 to 2022, along with the percentage change in average age for that timeframe (Figure 1 and Table 1). |
| Keywords: | Farm Management, Labor and Human Capital |
| Date: | 2024–04–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:utaerr:342337&r= |
| By: | Alice Gillerot (VAS - VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement); Philippe Jeanneaux (Territoires - Territoires - AgroParisTech - VAS - VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne, VAS - VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement); Etienne Polge (INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Territoires - Territoires - AgroParisTech - VAS - VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne, ACT - Département sciences pour l'action, les transitions, les territoires - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Collective action among farmers is regularly presented as a driver for the adoption of agroecological practices on farms. This study proposes to extend the analysis of relational drivers in the implementation of changes in practices beyond peer groups, by looking at their collective organization around territorialized supply chains involving other actors. More specifically, this paper proposes to study the role that this collective organization around territorial supply chains plays in the changes toward agroecological practices carried out on farms. The study of the individual farm trajectories as a chain of events is an approach that allows the understanding and analysis of changes in practices. As we are interested in coordination mechanisms based on interactions between actors as a driver for agroecological transition, we mobilize the framework and tools of social network analysis. In particular, in order to analyse the relational drivers in the trajectories of changes practices, we mobilize the relational chain approach through the method of quantified narratives. This approach allows us to understand changes in practices on farms as collective actions, through the study of relationships activated by farmers in order to have access to different types of resources during their trajectory. Thus, our work feeds the literature mobilizing the method of quantified narratives for the analysis of farm transition trajectories, which we modulate by focusing on the trajectory of a particular cropping system analysed through the agronomic and socio-economic principles of agroecology. We conducted semi-structured interviews with eight farmers who are members of a territorial organic wheat-flour- bread supply chain collective that includes a miller and a baker, all located in the plain of Limagne (Puy-de-Dôme, France). Following these interviews focused on their changes in wheat-growing practices, we identified five phases of agronomic and socio-economic coherence in their trajectories, that we evaluated through the prism of the agroecological principles. We then identified the relationships activated by the farmers to access the various resources needed to carry out the changes in practices during these different phases. Based on their trajectories, a typology of farms was created. This typology helps to understand the different roles played by farmers' collectives developing territorial supply chains in the different types of farms, by analysing during which phases of the trajectory they intervene, to provide access to which resources, in articulation with which other actors. Although the interests for participation vary between the different types of farms, it appears that the farmers' collective developing territorial supply chains systematically give access to commercial, cognitive, social and material resources. As a result, they favour access to strategic resources on the farms, making it possible to couple changes in agricultural practices and their economic valorisation. These resources contribute to a change in the farmers' posture during their trajectory, moving from a role of raw material producers to a role of co-designers of agroecological products. |
| Abstract: | L'action collective entre agriculteurs est régulièrement présentée comme un levier pour la mise en oeuvre de changements de pratiques agroécologiques dans les exploitations agricoles. Cette étude propose d'ouvrir l'analyse des déterminants relationnels dans l'adoption de changements de pratiques au-delà des groupes de pairs en s'intéressant à leur organisation collective autour de filières territoriales faisant intervenir d'autres acteurs. Pour ce faire, la méthode des narrations quantifiées a été mobilisée dans le cadre d'entretiens semi-directifs menés auprès des 8 agriculteurs membres d'un collectif filière territoriale intégrant un meunier et un boulanger. L'analyse de ces trajectoires a permis la création d'une typologie des fermes favorisant la compréhension du rôle que joue le collectif filière territoriale dans les changements de pratiques menés par ses différents membres. Bien que les intérêts pour la participation au collectif varient entre les différents types de fermes, il ressort que le collectif donne systématiquement accès à des ressources tant commerciales, que cognitives, sociales et matérielles. De ce fait, le collectif favorise l'accès à des ressources stratégiques dans les exploitations agricoles permettant de coupler la mise en oeuvre de changements de pratiques agricoles et leur valorisation économique. Ces ressources contribuent à un changement de posture des agriculteurs au cours de leur trajectoire, passant d'un rôle d'exécutants producteurs de matières premières à un rôle de coconcepteurs de produits agroécologiques. |
| Keywords: | Farm, transition trajectories, agroecological practices, farmers’ collective, quantified narratives, Exploitation agricole, trajectoires de transition, pratiques agroécologiques, collectifs agricoles, narrations quantifiées |
| Date: | 2024–05–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03962520&r= |
| By: | Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) |
| Abstract: | USDA’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) regulates the importation, interstate movement, and environmental release or field testing of certain plants and organisms produced through biotechnology. This factsheet answers frequently asked questions about APHIS’ biotechnology regulations. Who regulates agricultural products of biotechnology? What do APHIS’ biotechnology regulations cover? What plants are exempt from APHIS’ biotechnology regulations? How do I verify a plant’s regulatory status? Where can I find a list of modified crops not subject to APHIS regulation? When can modified crops be safely commercialized? When do I need a permit from APHIS? How does APHIS ensure compliance with biotechnology regulations and permit conditions? How does APHIS address regulatory noncompliance? Does APHIS inspect all field tests? What are common compliance infractions? How does APHIS make sure commercial food and feed is free of field-test materials? How does APHIS comply with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)? Does APHIS involve the public in important policy decisions? Where can I go for more information? |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Crop Production/Industries, Environmental Economics and Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usdami:343272&r= |
| By: | Sara Balestri (Dipartimento di Economia Internazionale, delle Istituzioni e dello Sviluppo, DISCE, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy); Raul Caruso (Dipartimento di Politica Economica, DISCE, & Centro Studi Economia Applicata (CSEA), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy - Catholic University ‘Our Lady of Good Counsel’, Tirana, European Center of Peace Science, Integration and Cooperation (CESPIC)) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the influence of climate change vulnerability on the likelihood and severity of communal violence, with a particular emphasis on delineating large-scale regional patterns. Specifically, the analysis centres on Sub-Saharan Africa and South/South-East Asia - both regions being predominantly characterized by rain-fed agriculture and climate-sensitive economic activities - spanning the years 1995 to 2021. Relying on the ND-GAIN Vulnerability Index as a multidimensional measure for propensity of societies to be negatively impacted by climate change, we found robust evidence that greater vulnerability is conducive to a higher likelihood and severity of communal violence in Sub-Saharan Africa. On the other hand, in South/South-East Asia, results suggest that current climate variability, measured as rainfall deviations within the period, exerts a greater effect on communal violence outbreak than overall vulnerability to climate change. In both regions, greater access to productive means is significantly associated to the reduction of communal violence. |
| Keywords: | communal violence, vulnerability, climate change, conflicts, Africa, Asia |
| JEL: | D74 O13 Q54 Q56 |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ctc:serie5:dipe0036&r= |
| By: | Julia Mink (University of Bonn, Institute for Applied Microeconomics, Department of Economics) |
| Abstract: | This study sheds new light on the impact of couple separation on living standards by considering the effects of separation on measures reflecting the adequacy of food consumption in addition to more commonly studied income and expenditure measures. Using panel data from France, I examine changes in disposable income, food expenditure and food quantities purchased, diet quality and body weight at the time of separation and up to eight years later, compared to a control group of households that did not separate. Living standards decline to such an extent that households cannot maintain their food consumption, resulting in weight loss. |
| Keywords: | Separation, divorce, living standards, income, food consumption, event study |
| JEL: | D12 J12 |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ajk:ajkdps:305&r= |
| By: | Charlotte Emlinger; Karine Latouche |
| Abstract: | This paper estimates the impact of the inclusion of GIs in bilateral agreements on French exports of foodstuffs. We rely on a unique dataset of firms and products concerned by Geographical Indications (GIs) in the French agri-food industry (excluding wine) for 2012-2019, merged with firm-product-destination level data from French Customs and the French National Institute of Statistics. Controlling for market and firm characteristics, we compare the exports of GI firms with those of non-GI firms before and after the signing of the 13 agreements (25 destination countries) that include a list of GIs to be protected. We show that the protection of GIs in EU RTA helps French firms to reach new markets and to sell their products at higher price, but it depends on the level of protection provided by the agreement. |
| Keywords: | Geographical Indications;Regional Trade Agreements;Trade Margins |
| JEL: | F10 F14 |
| Date: | 2024–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cii:cepidt:2024-05&r= |
| By: | Menard, Jamey |
| Abstract: | USDA’s National Agricultural Statistics Service’s (NASS) Census of Agriculture is published every five years and provides data at the U.S., state, and county levels. One metric tracked is the average age of agricultural producers. This information is provided for selected southern states and their respective counties for the Census reporting periods 2017 to 2022, along with the percentage change in average age for that timeframe (Figure 1 and Table A1 in Appendix). |
| Keywords: | Farm Management, Labor and Human Capital |
| Date: | 2024–05–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:utaerr:342339&r= |
| By: | Ahmad, Saba |
| Abstract: | Water, essential for all life, is abundantly present in nature and crucial for the environmental health of communities. Pakistan, ranking ninth among countries with limited access to clean water, has 21 million people out of 207 million facing this challenge. The study focuses on analyzing drinking water quality and health impacts in Havelian district. Twenty-one samples from eleven locations were examined for various physical and chemical parameters. Respondents overwhelmingly favored bottled water as safest, while solutions like filters and pipeline upgrades were suggested to address water quality issues. Few health issues were reported due to overall better water quality, with typhoid and diarrhea being most common. The study offers insights valuable for policymakers and researchers, discussed along with recommendations in subsequent sections. |
| Keywords: | Drinking water; quality; chemical properties; consumer health; consumer decisions. |
| JEL: | Q53 |
| Date: | 2024–04–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:120870&r= |
| By: | Laffan, Kate |
| Abstract: | A reduction in the demand for meat and particularly red meat has the potential to significantly enhance the sustainability and health of many people's diets. In the current work, I examine situational predictors of meat consumption in nationally representative nutrition surveys from three Western European countries: Switzerland, France and the Netherlands. More specifically, I examine whether the situational factors – the meal type, the day of the week and the location of the food consumption occasion – are predictive of whether meat and red meat are consumed. The results indicate that all three factors are linked to meat and red meat consumption with the patterns varying substantially across the different case study countries and in some cases also the gender of the consumer. The results emphasise the value of mapping situational correlates to inform situated interventions aimed at influencing meat consumption, while also highlighting important differences across both cultures and people. |
| Keywords: | the Netherlands; meat consumption; red meat consumption; situational predictors; comparative analysis; France; Switzerland |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2024–04–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:123009&r= |
| By: | Rudloff, Bettina; Mensah, Kristina; Wieck, Christine; Kareem, Olayinka; Montesclaros, Jose Ma Luis; Orden, David; Sonddergaard, Neils; Yu, Wusheng |
| Abstract: | This study contributes to the recent literature on geostrategic aspects of economic policy and the objective of economic security by addressing food security as a subcategory within economic security. Against the backdrop of the COVID-19 crisis and the Russian invasion of Ukraine, this study analyses whether and how the relevance of food security as a national policy goal has changed. It focuses on the questions of whether countries’ policy choices towards this objective have initiated longer-term strategic shifts, rather than just acute reactions, and analyses the extent to which these adjustments are influenced by underlying geopolitical considerations. To answer these questions, developments in food security policies are identified, focusing primarily on the perspective of security of supply. This perspective fits with the recent political focus and current initiatives by many countries aiming at national economic and supply security in general. |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries, Food Security and Poverty, International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2024–04–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iatrcp:343001&r= |
| By: | Sánchez, Laura Jimena; Del Valle Coa Tiapa, Zunielys; Cantú, Diana Karen Contreras; Rodríguez, Paulina Cañedo; Dextre, Raissa Zurelly Caque; Palencia-Sánchez, Francisco (Pontificia Universidad Javeriana) |
| Abstract: | The objective of this policy brief was to propose a comprehensive strategy together with the food bank of Bogota to reach the food services of the organizations enrolled in the program "Juégatela por la nutrición integral" to regulate the supply of unhealthy foods, replacing them with more nutritious and healthy options, this by controlling the delivery and distribution of healthy foods by the food bank. To meet this objective, we reviewed the current regulations in Colombia, compared with international policies in countries such as Perú, Chile, and México; and made a detailed analysis of the beneficiary population through the current databases of the food bank of Bogotá. In conclusion, a viable proposal was obtained, which will later be implemented throughout the national territory by regulating the sale of unhealthy food in school stores, to take this strategy to an international scale, since the implementation of this strategy would not only promote healthier eating among beneficiaries but would also lay the foundations for a culture of self-care and wellness. |
| Date: | 2024–05–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:aqtj4&r= |
| By: | Mr. Kalin I Tintchev; Laura Jaramillo |
| Abstract: | Using a comprehensive drought measure and a panel autoregressive distributed lag model, the paper finds that worsening drought conditions can result in long-term scarring of real GDP per capita growth and affect long-term price stability in Fragile and Conflict-Affected States (FCS), more so than in other countries, leaving them further behind. Lower crop productivity and slower investment are key channels through which drought impacts economic growth in FCS. In a high emissions scenario, drought conditions will cut 0.4 percentage points of FCS’ growth of real GDP per capita every year over the next 40 years and increase average inflation by 2 percentage points. Drought will also increase hunger in FCS, from alreay high levels. The confluence of lower food production and higher prices in a high emissions scenario would push 50 million more people in FCS into hunger. The macroeconomic effects of drought in FCS countries are amplified by their low copying capacity due to high public debt, low social spending, insufficient trade openness, high water insecurity, and weak governance. |
| Keywords: | climate change; long-term growth and inflation; climate policy |
| Date: | 2024–05–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2024/106&r= |
| By: | Paula C. Pereda; Taina Portela; Patricia Ravaioli |
| Abstract: | The need for a tax reform in Brazil stems from the country's complex tax system, which has contributed to decreased productivity and hindered investments. The Brazilian Tax Reform, approved in December 2023, introduces a Value-Added Tax (VAT) system comprising a federal VAT (CBS), a local VAT (IBS), and a selective tax (IS) on products with negative health and environmental externalities. This study explores the potential impacts of various scenarios of the reform on consumption, using data from the latest Household Budget Survey (POF 2017-2018). Our findings indicate that a broader tax reform (in terms of food basket exemptions and selective taxes on ultraprocessed products) could result in a decrease in 6.92% of government tax collection on consumption. However, consumption patterns would shift significantly, with a sharp increase in healthy food consumption and decrease in ultra-processed food. The scenario considering the newest tax rate proposal (more conservative in terms of the exemptions and considering the selective tax only on one type of ultraprocessed product, sweetened drinks) suggests an increase in government revenue but highlights reductions in in natura and ultra-processed product consumption. These results underscore the reform's potential to influence consumption patterns and the balance between generating tax revenue and ensuring affordability of essential goods. |
| Keywords: | tax reform; ultraprocessed foods; impacts on consumption |
| JEL: | H51 I18 R28 |
| Date: | 2024–06–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:spa:wpaper:2024wpecon17&r= |
| By: | Tobón-Cuenca, Juan Pablo; De La Fuente Solari, Jacinta; Rojas, Mariana González; Ayala, Renata Cavazos; Sotelo, Saragoza Nieves Ccarhuas; Palencia-Sánchez, Francisco (Pontificia Universidad Javeriana) |
| Abstract: | Food insecurity is defined as the “impossibility of not being able to buy enough food or nutritious food for general health and well-being”. According to PAHO, this problem has evidenced an increase in the regions of Latin America and the Caribbean, which led to the fact that between 2019 and 2021 the number of hungry people in the region has increased by 13.2 million, reaching a total of 56.5 million hungry people in 2021. This situation has affected the population in general, including school children. Faced with this problem, the implementation of a single isolated public policy would not allow a definitive solution, so it must be approached from multiple aspects in order to mitigate the impact of this on society. A clear example is the measure carried out in Colombia, which consisted of a Protocol for urban and peri-urban agroecological agriculture in public spaces. In this way, a single public health measure was obtained with an environmental, population and economic impact, which can be developed to mitigate food insecurity in schoolchildren. |
| Date: | 2024–05–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:ftjvz&r= |
| By: | David A Roiz (MIVEGEC - Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - IRD [France-Sud] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - UM - Université de Montpellier, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy); Paulina A Pontifes (MIVEGEC - Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - IRD [France-Sud] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Frédéric Jourdain (MIVEGEC - Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - IRD [France-Sud] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - UM - Université de Montpellier, Santé Publique France, Cellule Océan indien [Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France] - Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France]); Christophe Diagne (ESE - Ecologie Systématique et Evolution - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR CBGP - Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD [France-Sud] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Boris Leroy (BOREA - Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - MNHN - Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - SU - Sorbonne Université - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UA - Université des Antilles); Anne-Charlotte Vaissière (ESE - Ecologie Systématique et Evolution - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); María José Tolsá-García (MIVEGEC - Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - IRD [France-Sud] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Jean-Michel Salles (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Frédéric Simard (MIVEGEC - Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - IRD [France-Sud] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Franck Courchamp (ESE - Ecologie Systématique et Evolution - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay) |
| Abstract: | Invasive Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes transmit viruses such as dengue, chikungunya and Zika, posing a huge public health burden as well as having a less well understood economic impact. We present a comprehensive, global-scale synthesis of studies reporting these economic costs, spanning 166 countries and territories over 45 years. The minimum cumulative reported cost estimate expressed in 2022 US$ was 94.7 billion, although this figure reflects considerable underreporting and underestimation. The analysis suggests a 14-fold increase in costs, with an average annual expenditure of US$ 3.1 billion, and a maximum of US$ 20.3 billion in 2013. Damage and losses were an order of magnitude higher than investment in management, with only a modest portion allocated to prevention. Effective control measures are urgently needed to safeguard global health and well-being, and to reduce the economic burden on human societies. This study fills a critical gap by addressing the increasing economic costs of Aedes and Aedes-borne diseases and offers insights to inform evidence-based policy. |
| Keywords: | Economic costs, Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Dengue, Zika, Chikungunya, Invasive mosquitoes, economic costs Aedes aegypti Aedes albopictus dengue Zika chikungunya invasive mosquitoes, economic costs, dengue, chikungunya, invasive mosquitoes |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04573122&r= |
| By: | Joseph P. Kaboski; Jianyu Lu; Wei Qian; Lixia Ren |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the impact of roads on structural transformation and business composition theoretically and empirically. We develop a two-sector model of regional trade with endogenous firm entry that highlights two opposing forces. \textit{Ceteris paribus} lower trade costs in non-agriculture lead to fewer firms, but cheaper agricultural imports releases labor from local agricultural production leading to more firms. Using major highway programs in India and China, we find results broadly consistent with the theory, with declines in the number of businesses where structural transformation is weak, and increases where it is strong. |
| JEL: | F15 O13 O18 O41 |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:32448&r= |
| By: | International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) |
| Abstract: | IFPRI’s 2023 Annual Report offers highlights from our research around the world and of our analysis and communications on addressing global challenges that contribute to hunger and malnutrition. In 2023, IFPRI continued the critical work on crisis and resilience-building that began with the COVID-19 pandemic, the Russia-Ukraine war, and rising food prices. Our research also continued to inform policymakers and stakeholders on climate resilience and sustainability, healthy diets and nutrition, inclusive and efficient food systems, institutions and governance, and rural transformation, all with attention to gender and the world’s most vulnerable people, with the goals of reducing poverty and ending hunger and malnutrition. |
| Keywords: | WORLD; resilience; nutrition; food systems; climate change |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:annrep:2023&r= |
| By: | Warner, James; Manners, Rhys |
| Abstract: | Recent collaborative CGIAR research has developed a prototype for tracking district-level costs of a healthy diet using monthly eSoko data.1 High frequency monitoring of diets allows for near real-time generation of insights on price impacts on diet costs. The temporal richness of this data allows for immediate analytics of current food system events. This research provides an analysis of district-level price movements of healthy diet compositions, as well as food prices that compose the diet. We use this prototype to demonstrate how eSoko data could be used for monitoring an economic shock and how to evaluate the effects in near real time. The general goal is to demonstrate a potential early warning system that could improve the menu of policy choices for enhanced resilience. |
| Keywords: | market prices; healthy diets; data; trade; Rwanda; Eastern Afica |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:rssppn:12&r= |
| By: | Pablo, Elverdin; Said, Andrés D. |
| Abstract: | Since the Industrial Revolution, the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHG) has consistently risen, leading to a 1.15°C increase in global mean temperatures by 2022. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) confirms human activities as the primary cause of global warming, with emissions continuing to rise. Climate change has resulted in adverse impacts on various fronts, disproportionately affecting vulnerable communities. International efforts, including the United Nations Frame-work Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its Kyoto Protocol, aimed at stabilizing green-house gas concentrations. These efforts were followed by the Paris Agreement in 2015, focusing on limiting global temperature increases and relying on Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) from countries. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change mandates Countries to develop and regularly update national inventories of greenhouse gas emissions and removals. These inventories, aligned with IPCC methodologies, serve as crucial tools for transparent reporting, building mutual trust among countries for effective climate change agreements. National GHG inventories play a vital role in policy development, monitoring impact, and tracking progress toward achieving NDCs outlined in inter-national agreements, such as the Paris Agreement. Varying capacities for GHG inventory development among developing and developed countries, coupled with diverse reporting requirements, create challenges in data comparability. Developed countries face rigorous annual submission requirements, producing comprehensive National Inventory Reports and Common Reporting Format tables. In contrast, developing countries submit their national GHG inventories through Biennial Update Reports (BURs), and flexibility is granted to Least Developed Country Parties (LDCs) and Small Island Developing States (SIDS) regarding submission timelines. The re-porting landscape is progressing, with the introduction of the biennial transparency report (BTR) for Paris Agreement Parties. The BTR, due by December 31, 2024, will convergence in methodologies be-tween countries. |
| Keywords: | climate change; emissions from agriculture; global warming; greenhouse gases |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:lacwps:33&r= |
| By: | Summary, Estimation, and Disclosure Methodology Branch, Methodology Division, National Agricultural Statistics Service |
| Abstract: | The National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) is responsible for estimating production of most crops grown in the United States. Additionally, early season forecasts are prepared for the major crops. NASS conducts several surveys to obtain the basic data needed to fulfill this obligation. These surveys are a mix of grower interviews and objective field visits employing sophisticated survey sample designs and statistical methodology. Large surveys designed to measure acreages are used to define prescreened subsampling populations for the yield surveys. These surveys and the subsampling techniques are described, and the data collection procedures are also outlined. Summary formulas are given, and regression techniques employed in the forecasting process are discussed in detail. Each survey produces indications of prospective yield which commodity specialists must interpret to arrive at the official forecast or estimate of NASS and the USDA. This paper discusses in detail the process of producing these indications by the Summary, Estimation, and Disclosure Methodology Branch and outlines the review process used by the commodity specialists in the Crops Branch. A brief discussion of acreage estimates is included to the extent that they impact sampling and the calculation of production. |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries, Productivity Analysis, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods, Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:unasrr:343273&r= |
| By: | Molina, Antonio Manuel Sierra; Gonzalez, Daniela; Carrera, Jesús; Darrigrande, Josefina; Coronado, Priscila Elizabeth Castillo; Palencia-Sánchez, Francisco (Pontificia Universidad Javeriana) |
| Abstract: | The high rate of childhood obesity in Mexico, especially in Nuevo León, highlights the need for more effective measures. Although policies such as taxes on sugary beverages and front-of-package labeling of foods have been implemented, the results remain concerning. Other Latin American countries face similar challenges and have implemented various interventions but have yet to reverse the trend. A policy brief pilot project called "School Education Gardens" is proposed in Nuevo León, inspired by successful international experiences with school gardens. This project aims to promote healthy eating habits and environmental awareness among children through participation in agriculture and nutrition. Its implementation will require intersectoral collaboration and ongoing monitoring to assess its effectiveness. In summary, this project represents a promising strategy to address childhood obesity in Mexico and Latin America, prioritizing education, and community action. |
| Date: | 2024–05–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:2sydp&r= |
| By: | David Reinstein; Elias Cisneros |
| Abstract: | Evaluation 1 of "The Environmental Effects of Economic Production: Evidence from Ecological Observations" for The Unjournal |
| Date: | 2023–07–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bjn:evalua:liangetaleval1&r= |
| By: | Rozer, Viktor Rozer; Mehryar, Sara; Alsahli, Mohammad M. |
| Abstract: | The risks of climate change to economies are typically separated into physical risks and transition risks. Physical risks are the damages and losses that come from extreme weather events due to unmitigated climate change, while transition risks stem from the process of rapidly reducing carbon emissions and its potential disruptions to economies and society, such as stranded assets and shifts in production and the labour market. Combining the literature on spatial economic restructuring and climate disaster risk, we show that physical and transition risk can increase at the same time. We call this dynamic the climate change risk reduction trap, which occurs when new assets that are built as part of the low carbon transition become highly exposed and vulnerable to extreme weather and climate events. The paper provides an empirical illustration of this trap using the example of flash flood risk in Kuwait, a wealthy petroleum-based economy in the Middle East, and shows how decisions on urban planning and economic restructuring have increased flash flood risk. The analysis highlights the importance of considering climate disaster risk and environmental impact assessments in low carbon transition planning to avoid falling into the climate change risk reduction trap. |
| JEL: | R14 J01 N0 |
| Date: | 2024–05–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:123010&r= |
| By: | Valve, Helena; D'Amato, Dalia (University of Helsinki, Finland); Hebinck, Aniek; Lazurko, Anita; de Pater, Mara; Březovská, Romana Jungwirth; Saarikoski, Heli; Laspidou, Chrysi; Keune, Hans; Ziliaskopoulos, Konstantinos |
| Abstract: | Individual actors and actor groups are vital catalysts of transformative change as they are able to initiate bottom-up interventions that nurture and protect biodiversity. This paper analyses biodiversity-focused practices across the civil, market and public spheres to identify the modes of intervention that actors in Europe utilise when they seek to fight biodiversity loss as part of their every-day work or voluntary activism. Studying how actors locate and engage with biodiversity issues allowed us to develop a typology of intervention modes and to unravel interlinkages between biodiversity governance and bottom-up action in a new manner. The seven modes of intervention identified from the rich qualitative data demonstrate how modes of biodiversity action vary in terms of the tangible issues they seek to address. Practitioners and activists locate options for change in resource management practices, production and consumption systems, market conditions, and land-use, amongst others. The findings enact a Europe in which cohesion policies, land-use pressures and power lobbies controlling resource management generate resistance and spark innovation. The aspirations to affect policymaking and biodiversity governance vary from one mode to another. The typology also grants visibility to potentially unrecognised modes and mediations along which transformative change is and might be further catalysed. The categorisation of the modes of intervention thus helps policymakers learn from and engage with innovations and niches. It also makes explicit the critical roles that some grassroots actors have adopted, as governance bodies have not done their share in fostering of transformative change. |
| Date: | 2024–05–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:e6vfx&r= |