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on Agricultural Economics |
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Issue of 2024‒04‒29
29 papers chosen by |
| By: | Rana, Abdul Wajid; Gill, Sitara; Akram, Iqra |
| Abstract: | Rice-wheat, a major cropping system of Pakistan, is vulnerable to the negative impacts of climate change, manifesting in the form of yield reduction. Among various crops, rice is often identified as the most at-risk food crop which is prone to a substantial drop in yield because of climate change and weather variations. It is estimated that the yield of wheat and rice may decline by 14.7 percent and 20.5 percent, respectively, by 2050 due to changes in climate. It is expected that Pakistan could potentially incur a climate change-related loss of $19.5 billion by 2050 due to reduced wheat and rice crop yields due to water scarcity, rising average temperatures, and less precipitation. Research indicates that if current climate change patterns persist and farmers do not adopt suitable climate resilient methods, rice production in Pakistan could decline by as much as 36 percent by the year 2099. |
| Keywords: | climate change; crop yield; cultivation systems; rice; direct sowing; cost benefit analysis; Pakistan; Southern Asia; Asia |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:139665&r=agr |
| By: | Singh, Sonali; Maliappan, Sudarshan |
| Abstract: | The global discourse within the realm of agriculture has been dominated with challenges of food security (FAO, 2022), (HLPE, Food security and nutrition: building a global narrative towards 2030, 2020) loss of biodiversity, environmental pollution and resource degradation and climate change. In this context, various approaches have developed to address complex challenges and one of the most comprehensive concepts emerged is called agroecological systems. The emphasis on agroecology emanates from its holistic approach, integrating ecological principles into agricultural systems to foster resilience, enhance soil health, and mitigate the adverse environmental impacts associated with conventional farming. As agroecology spans over diverse themes, studies and experts argue policies at cross-cutting levels are critical for the promotion of agroecology, as they can provide the necessary incentives and support for its implementation. To ensure the large-scale adoption of agroecology, a multiscale systems approach is needed, considering economic, technological, and policy drivers. |
| Keywords: | agriculture; agroecology; biodiversity; climate change; food security; pollution; nutrition; policies; India; Southern Asia; Asia |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:139549&r=agr |
| By: | Dorosh, Paul A.; Diao, Xinshen; Thurlow, James; Koirala, Pankaj; Timsina, Krishna; Krupnik, Timothy J. |
| Abstract: | Over the past decades, climate change has brought about numerous detrimental consequences for agricultural production in many countries, posing a substantial challenge to the economic well being of farmers while affecting national and international economies. Meteorological data specifically indicates that extreme weather events are occurring with unprecedented frequencies, intensities, and durations. This includes events associated with variations in the El Niño – Southern Oscillation of ocean currents, such as unusually dry weather in June through August in Nepal and other parts of South Asia. For example, during the El Niño year of 1992, a particularly severe drought occurred in Nepal, contributing in part to a 17.7 percent fall in rice production relative to the prior trend. Current indications are that another El Niño – related drought may already be underway in 2023 and into 2024. With the extreme weather events, global economies have experienced a number of recent shocks – for example those associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and conflicts in countries such as the Ukraine and Russia that are important exporters of agricultural inputs and goods. As such, this research note explores the implications of a range of agricultural productivity shocks including but not limited to those resulting from a possible El Niño-related drought in 2023 and extending into early 2024 (coinciding with the monsoon and post-monsoon seasons). |
| Keywords: | climate change; agricultural production; economic aspects; extreme weather events; el niño; shock; drought; Nepal; Asia |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:136173&r=agr |
| By: | Melo-Velasco, Jenny; Padilla-Quiñonez, Claudina; Colindres, Mirian; Ceballos-Sierra, Federico; Wiegel, Jennifer |
| Abstract: | Under the new EU deforestation regulation (EUDR), dated 31/05/2023, coffee producers and other producers of other significant commodities —cocoa, oil palm, rubber, soya, cattle, and wood— will have to comply with three aspects to export their products into the European Un ion. These aspects are i) Deforestation-free; 2) Production under the relevant legislation of the country of production; and 3) Due diligence statement. (Council of the European Union, 2022). These conditions are designed to minimize the European Union's impact on global deforestation and forest degradation, and to reduce its contribution to greenhouse gas emissions. Understanding this regulation, set to be enforced by December 30th, 2024, is crucial for coffee farmers who may face challenges due to the regulation's definition of deforestation, which includes forest-to-agroforestry conversion (Naranjo et al., 2023). For the Honduran coffee sector, where coffee is the primary agricultural export crop, with over 120, 000 coffee farms making a significant contribution to a third of the agricultural GDP (IHCAFE, 2021), comprehending this regulation is essential. In examining the aspects of the EUDR, we encounter a complex interplay of definitions, ac tors, and processes that necessitate in-depth exploration to grasp their nuances and specific challenges. A transversal aspect involves how all the new information requested by this regulation is going to be collected, cleaned, integrated, stored, analyzed, reported, audited and updated. This paper aims to illuminate these processes by focusing on the existing and potential linkages among three traceability tools currently under development in the Honduran coffee sector. |
| Keywords: | deforestation; traceability; coffee industry; regulations; emission reduction; forestry; Hondura; Central America |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:138419&r=agr |
| By: | Justin Quinton (Department of Economics, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada); Glenn P. Jenkins (Department of Economics, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada and Cambridge Resourses International Inc.); Godwin Olasehinde-Williams (Department of Management Information Systems Istanbul Ticaret University, Turkey) |
| Abstract: | Faced with a significant devaluation of its currency and a surge in food prices, the Nigerian government opted to prohibit the use of foreign currency for food imports. This policy essentially blocked the importation of numerous essential food items into the country under the guise of stimulating domestic output of these staples. Consequently, food prices in Nigeria increased despite a global decline in food prices. With the rise in food prices, the incidence and severity of household food insecurity in Nigeria also escalated. This study examines the changes in the types and severity of coping mechanisms for food insecurity resulting from the food price shock caused by the combined impact of an oil price crash, currency devaluation, and restrictions on foreign exchange. Specifically, Nigeria's General Household Survey Panel data from 2012 and 2015, during periods of high oil prices, was compared with data from 2018 when oil prices had persistently remained low, the currency had been devalued, and the treasury had been depleted. Alongside detailed descriptive statistics, logistic and hurdle regressions are also employed for statistical analysis. Our findings indicate a significant rise in the percentage of Nigerian households grappling with food insecurity from 2015 to 2018. During this period, 68.7% of households resorted to at least one coping mechanism, and nearly one-third (31.8%) of households adopted six or more coping strategies. Concerning the severity of these coping methods, 43.2% of all households in Nigeria had to resort to severe coping strategies. The issue is not primarily a result of natural disasters or conflicts but rather stems from a failure in macroeconomic and agricultural economic policies. Overall, our findings confirm that these policies come at a great cost to current generations—particularly female-headed households, single-parent households, households headed by elderly people, and other vulnerable populations, pushing them deeper into food insecurity. |
| Keywords: | Food insecurity, Nigeria, Oil price, Economic shock, Food policy. |
| JEL: | D10 E2 Q17 |
| Date: | 2024–04–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:qed:dpaper:4616&r=agr |
| By: | Borus, Dinah |
| Abstract: | Potato sector has a substantial role in Kenya's agriculture, contributing to food security, nutrition, and the national economy. While underscoring the sector's vast potential, this Technical Brief identifies the existing gap between current yields and achievable targets, highlighting the necessity for strategic improvements in farming practices. It accentuates the transformative impact of digital tools in the agricultural landscape, notably accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic and facilitated by the widespread use of mobile technology and internet access in the country. In particular, this brief spotlights the Viazi Soko (VS) digital platform, an initiative specifically designed for the potato value chain, offering a range of services from e-advisory to market linkages. Despite the innovative features and strategic importance of digital platforms, the underlying research reveals a discrepancy in the adoption and utilization of digital tools among farmers, attributed to challenges such as limited awareness of these tools, low internet connectivity in rural areas, and the affordability of digital access. To bridge this digital divide, the report proposes targeted interventions to enhance the adoption of digital tools, focusing on increasing awareness, improving digital literacy, and establishing a potato-specific call center to provide real-time, tailored support to farmers. By advocating for a more integrated approach that combines digital innovation with farmer education and support, the report envisions a future where digital tools are leveraged to unlock the full potential of the potato sector in Kenya, leading to increased productivity, profitability, and a more robust contribution to the nation's food security and economic resilience. |
| Keywords: | potatoes; digital technology; agriculture; information systems; covid-19; food security; Kenya; Africa |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:138067&r=agr |
| By: | Carmen Nyhria G. Rogel; Bernice Anne C. Darvin-De Torres; Gerlie T. Tatlonghari |
| Abstract: | This paper draws from the regional policy forum From Farms to Schools: Towards Sustainable and Inclusive School-Based Food and Nutrition Programs in Southeast Asia. The Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA) organized the forum in partnership with the Asian Farmers’ Association for Sustainable Rural Development (i.e., AFA) in April 2023. Participants represented Southeast Asian education ministries, international development organizations, academic institutions,  as well as farmers’ and civil society organizations. The presentations, plenary discussions, and breakout group discussions served as the main inputs for this paper. The paper briefly discusses the benefits of and challenges to school-based food and nutrition programs (SBFNPs), particularly on the meaningful inclusion of smallholder farmers or family farmers. It includes recommendations for policy and action to improve farmer participation in the SBFNPs and strengthen the nutrition-education-development nexus. |
| Keywords: | smallholder farmers inclusion, education, nutrition, Southeast Asia, school-based nutrition |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sag:seappr:2024:585&r=agr |
| By: | Reardon, Thomas; Awokuse, Titus; Liverpool-Tasie, Lenis Saweda O.; Minten, Bart; Nguyen, Geneviève; Qanti, Sara; Swinnen, Johan; Vos, Rob; Zilberman, David |
| Abstract: | There is an important gap in the literature regarding evidence about the emergence of outsource agrifood services. We contend that there are few studies on outsource services for differentiated product value chains, particularly in developing countries. To some extent, also, there is a knowledge gap regarding the use and effectiveness of eco-certification and labeling compliance-assisting services in developed countries. The bulk of attention on outsource services is centered at the commodity phase (such as with bulk grains) and the modern stage, and less attention is being paid to the product differentiation phase. To fill these voids, we focus on three country illustrations, ranging in the product cycle phases from transitional to transitional-modern to modern, and from early differentiating case in Ethiopia (on basic quality) to intermediate differentiating case in Indonesia (on advanced quality and variety differentiation in mangoes), to advanced-differentiating case in France (on eco-labeling and certification). We focus on horticulture as it is rapidly growing, and rapidly differentiating both in developed and developing countries. We conclude that policies and public investments facilitating the formation of these services are important. Importantly, we found that without these emerging outsource services, farmers would not have been able to be resilient to the shocks of market requirements and climate change. |
| Keywords: | agrifood systems; value chains; developing countries; horticulture; Ethiopia; France |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:137594&r=agr |
| By: | Yun-Shi Dai; Peng-Fei Dai; Wei-Xing Zhou |
| Abstract: | The current international landscape is turbulent and unstable, with frequent outbreaks of geopolitical conflicts worldwide. Geopolitical risk has emerged as a significant threat to regional and global peace, stability, and economic prosperity, causing serious disruptions to the global food system and food security. Focusing on the international food market, this paper builds different dimensions of geopolitical risk measures based on the random matrix theory and constructs single- and two-factor GJR-GARCH-MIDAS models with fixed time span and rolling window, respectively, to investigate the impact of geopolitical risk on food market volatility. The findings indicate that modeling based on rolling window performs better in describing the overall volatility of the wheat, maize, soybean, and rice markets, and the two-factor models generally exhibit stronger explanatory power in most cases. In terms of short-term fluctuations, all four staple food markets demonstrate obvious volatility clustering and high volatility persistence, without significant asymmetry. Regarding long-term volatility, the realized volatility of wheat, maize, and soybean significantly exacerbates their long-run market volatility. Additionally, geopolitical risks of different dimensions show varying directions and degrees of effects in explaining the long-term market volatility of the four staple food commodities. This study contributes to the understanding of the macro-drivers of food market fluctuations, provides useful information for investment using agricultural futures, and offers valuable insights into maintaining the stable operation of food markets and safeguarding global food security. |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2404.01641&r=agr |
| By: | Chowdhury, Nazea H. Khan; Parvez, Rezwanul; Meerza, Syed Imran Ali |
| Keywords: | Marketing |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:341196&r=agr |
| By: | Benson, Allison L.; Faguet, Jean-Paul |
| Abstract: | Access to agricultural credit contributes to rural development by allowing farmers to carry out profit-maximising investments that increase productivity and income, underlining the importance of exploring ways to increase access to this resource. This paper analyses the role of Rural Producer Organisations (RPOs) in easing access to formal agricultural credit. We build an original dataset comprising 15, 000 municipality-year observations of RPO creation and credit allocation in Colombia to estimate a fixed effects model. We show that when the number of RPOs increases in a municipality, aggregate access to credit increases. This positive relation also holds at the individual level, with RPO membership increasing both the likelihood of a farmer requesting credit and of receiving the requested credit. We discuss demand and supply-side mechanisms that plausibly explain these results, and we further show that the relation between RPOs and access to credit is heterogeneous according to the source of credit (public vs. private bank) and the type of farmer to whom it is allocated (low-wealth, mid-wealth or high-wealth farmers). Our results point to the potential of RPOs to improve access not only to input and output markets but also to financial markets. |
| Keywords: | agricultural credit; credit constraints; rural producer organizations; Colombi |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2023–01–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:115546&r=agr |
| By: | Asante, Felix A.; Asante, Seth |
| Abstract: | This report is produced from the proceedings of the Inception workshop on “Strengthening National Capacities and Policies for Food Systems analysis and Transformation in Ghana†project held on Wednesday, 2nd August 2023 at Alisa Hotel, Accra. The workshop aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the project and outlined its objectives, and timeline, alongside a review of the current landscape of the Ghana’s Food Systems Transformation. It brought together various stakeholders and institutions in the Ghanaian food systems. The workshop facilitated valuable discussions among participants to gather insights and inputs for the project's advancement (see attached list of participants). Three distinct presentations – project overview, project deliverables and timelines, and food systems diagnostics and tools as well as trade-offs and opportunities – were made at the workshop. |
| Keywords: | food systems; capacity development; sustainable development; food security; nutrition; Ghana; Western Africa; Africa |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:140482&r=agr |
| By: | Joyce, Caroline A.; Gelli, Aulo; Caswell, Bess; Perera, Thushanthi; Ranathunga, Thilanka; Sitisekara, Hasara; Tan, Xiuping; Hess, Sonja Y.; Silva, Renuka; Olney, Deanna K.; Honeycutt, Sydney |
| Abstract: | Healthy, balanced diets are crucial for preventing chronic diseases and disabilities, with fruit and vegetables (F&V) of particular importance. The CGIAR Research Initiative on Fruit and Vegetables for Sustainable Healthy Diets (FRESH) aims to enhance F&V intake, diet quality, nutrition and health while improving livelihoods, empowering women and youth and mitigating negative environmental impacts globally. |
| Keywords: | diet; fruits; vegetables; trace elements; data; Sri Lanka; Asia |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:138205&r=agr |
| By: | Miguel Ángel Borrella-Mas (Universidad de Navarra); Jaime Millán-Quijano (Universidad de Navarra & CEMR); Anastasia Terskaya (Universitat de Barcelona & IEB) |
| Abstract: | We implemented a randomized control trial in Georgia to study how labels and food vouchers affect household expenditure among low-income recipients of unconditional cash transfers. Households were randomly assigned to receive only an unconditional cash transfer, a label indicating an amount intended for children’s expenses in addition to the transfer, or a portion of the transfer as a food voucher usable exclusively at designated stores. We find that labelling increases the share of expenditure on children. Meanwhile, food vouchers reduce total consumption, this being likely due to the increased cost associated with shopping at voucher-accepting shops. |
| Keywords: | Cash transfers, Labeling effect, Food vouchers, Randomized control trial |
| JEL: | D04 I24 I38 O12 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ieb:wpaper:doc2023-09&r=agr |
| By: | AMORES Antonio F (European Commission - JRC); SPEITMANN Raffael (European Commission - JRC); STOEHLKER Daniel (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | In May 2023, the Austrian government announced to set up a new online database to help people compare retail prices across supermarkets and find the cheapest offers in an effort to fight soaring food prices. While plans for a government-built website have been abandoned, private developers released a handful of easy to navigate price comparison websites by June 2023, comprising the assortments of all main supermarket chains in Austria. This brief analyses the extent to which price transparency led to an effective reduction in final consumer prices. To this end, we compare the prices of listed products in Austria with those of the exact same products in Germany, where such price comparison websites are not available. Our results indicate that retail prices of affected products have not decreased since the availability of such websites, potentially due to a low up-take of the service. |
| Date: | 2024–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc137127&r=agr |
| By: | Schafleitner, R. |
| Abstract: | Participatory variety selection on capsicum was done on all three experimental sites, the selection involved different participants including Extension officers, farmers, processors researchers and village executives. Two selection methods were used in identifying the best candidate lines that are suitable for registration as new variety, that is Matrix and pairwise ranking approaches. |
| Keywords: | chillies; sweet peppers; tomatoes; capsicum; Tanzania; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Eastern Africa |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:139505&r=agr |
| By: | Macchiavello, Rocco; Reardon, Thomas; Richards, Timothy J. |
| Abstract: | Food value chains (FVCs) in developing countries are transforming rapidly, with some regions in the modern stage (led by supermarkets and large processors) and other regions in a transitional stage (led by midstream small and medium enterprises). With transformation, however, come market-performance issues related to monopoly and monopsony power, vertical bargaining, contracting, and other issues addressed by empirical industrial organization (EIO) researchers. Although the concepts and methods of EIO are evolving rapidly, the two bodies of literature on EIO and FVC transformation as part of the food markets and food industries branches of development economics have not sufficiently cross-pollinated. Applying tools of modern EIO to FVCs in developing countries is now relevant because of the transformation that has occurred and possibly due to the increasing availability of data from surveys of farms, processors, and wholesalers, and for some retailers, from scanner data. We review the transformation trends, the EIO themes and tools relevant to them, and the emerging data sources. |
| Keywords: | development; empirical industrial organization; food value chains; relational contracting; structural modeling |
| JEL: | J22 Q12 Q18 |
| Date: | 2022–10–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:117430&r=agr |
| By: | Romane Vandroux (ANTHROPO LAB - Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Expérimentale - ETHICS EA 7446 - Experience ; Technology & Human Interactions ; Care & Society : - ICL - Institut Catholique de Lille - UCL - Université catholique de Lille); François-charles Wolff (LEMNA - Laboratoire d'économie et de management de Nantes Atlantique - Nantes Univ - IAE Nantes - Nantes Université - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises - Nantes - Nantes Université - pôle Sociétés - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université) |
| Abstract: | Abstract: This paper examines the relationship between food insecurity and health among food assistance recipients in France using a dataset conducted in 2021 on nearly 4, 000 respondents. For these people from disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds, food assistance may reduce food insecurity and weaken the association between food insecurity and health. Regression estimates show a strong positive correlation between food insecurity and poor health (either self-reported health, chronic disease, or activity limitation) and highlight differences between native and foreign-born people. This correlation holds even with a very high degree of selection of unobservables. Special regressor estimates using an instrumental variable approach to account for the endogeneity of food insecurity in the health equations confirm the positive effect of food insecurity on poor health. The low frequency of visits to food assistance structures may explain why food insecurity persists among participants and continues to have a negative impact on health. JEL Classification: I12, I14, I38 |
| Abstract: | Résumé : Cet article examine la relation entre l'insécurité alimentaire et la santé chez les bénéficiaires de l'aide alimentaire en France à l'aide d'un ensemble de données réalisées en 2021 sur près de 4 000 répondants. Pour ces personnes issues de milieux socio-économiques défavorisés, l'aide alimentaire peut réduire l'insécurité alimentaire et affaiblir l'association entre l'insécurité alimentaire et la santé. Les estimations de régression montrent une forte corrélation positive entre l'insécurité alimentaire et la mauvaise santé (soit la santé autodéclarée, les maladies chroniques ou la limitation de l'activité) et mettent en évidence les différences entre les personnes nées dans le pays et celles nées à l'étranger. Cette corrélation se maintient même avec un degré très élevé de sélection des variables non observables. Les estimations de régresseurs spéciaux utilisant une approche de variable instrumentale pour tenir compte de l'endogénéité de l'insécurité alimentaire dans les équations de santé confirment l'effet positif de l'insécurité alimentaire sur la mauvaise santé. La faible fréquence des visites aux structures d'aide alimentaire peut expliquer pourquoi l'insécurité alimentaire persiste parmi les participants et continue d'avoir un impact négatif sur la santé. |
| Keywords: | food insecurity, health, food assistance, France |
| Date: | 2024–03–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04523413&r=agr |
| By: | Raphaël Chiappini (BSE - Bordeaux sciences économiques - UB - Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Nabila Arfaoui (ESDES - ESDES, Lyon Business School - UCLy - UCLy - UCLy (Lyon Catholic University)); Ankinée Kirakozian (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Keywords: | Nudges, Transport en commun, Comportement responsable, Automobile, Transport, Marchés, Vélo, Mobilité |
| Date: | 2024–03–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04510238&r=agr |
| By: | Samir Labiad (ENCGT - Ecole Nationale de Commerce et de Gestion de Tanger - UAE - Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi); Saida Marso (ENCGT - Ecole Nationale de Commerce et de Gestion de Tanger - UAE - Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi) |
| Keywords: | Consumer behaviour Organic food Developing countries Market research Emerging countries. JEL Classification : D10 D11 M31 M37, Consumer behaviour, Organic food, Developing countries, Market research, Emerging countries. |
| Date: | 2024–03–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04510478&r=agr |
| By: | Basheer, Mohammed; Siddig, Khalid; Elnour, Zuhal; Ahmed, Mosab O. M.; Ringler, Claudia |
| Abstract: | Efficient water resources management is essential for the sustainable development of nations, and large dams are an important tool for achieving this endeavor. Here, we present an integrated approach to simulating the impacts of large dams, integrating river systems infrastructure, hydrodynamic, and economywide models. We apply the framework to examine the biophysical, GDP, and distributional impacts of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) on Sudan. |
| Keywords: | frameworks; dams; natural resources management; nile river; Northern Africa; Africa |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:137219&r=agr |
| By: | de Brauw, Alan; Ceballos, Francisco; Le, Ly; Soneja, Payal |
| Abstract: | During the first half of 2023, researchers associated with Work Package 2 (WP2) of the CGIAR Research Initiative on Sustainable Healthy Diets through Food Systems Transformation (SHiFT) conducted three linked surveys to learn more about micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) that currently supply foods within urban, peri-urban, and rural locations in Viet Nam and contribute to developing ways to foster their supply of sustainable nutritious foods. 1 Therefore, the surveys had three linked goals—to better characterize the business environment in which MSMEs operate; to understand any constraints they face in selling more sustainable nutritious foods; and to help inform interventions with scaling potential that could increase the availability of sustainable nutritious foods for consumers. The first survey was a listing exercise (or a short audit, as it is called by Work Package 1 of SHiFT). This listing exercise was almost exclusively an observational exercise, taking place within selected areas of the urban, peri-urban, and rural sites. The idea was to understand the proportion of different types of businesses available, what was sold at those businesses, and to understand if people could sit down at the establishment or not (particularly for restaurants). The second survey was a longer survey targeting outlets from the listing exercise that had a higher chance of being MSMEs and could potentially modify their food offerings. This MSME survey inquired about labor use, sources of foods or ingredients for foods sold, asset holdings of the business, access to and use of financial instruments, degree of formality, and perceptions of and desire to sell more sustainable nutritious foods. The MSME survey, in turn, was used to seed a third survey, targeted at suppliers, with the objective of identifying any potential constraints at the supplier level for expanding the offering of sustainable nutritious foods. Outlets participating in the MSME survey were asked to share the contact information of some of their suppliers, and a subset of these were reached by phone and administered a reduced version of the MSME questionnaire, inquiring about their businesses and perceptions. A secondary goal of the survey was to understand to what extent employment of women and youth relates to MSME activity. In particular, when devising interventions to help MSMEs offer more sustainable nutritious foods, we want to ensure that those interventions have either a positive or neutral effect on employment among women and youth; in other words, we want to ensure that they do not have a negative effect on employment among these populations. |
| Keywords: | foods; surveys; employment; enterprises; sustainability; nutrition; small and medium enterprises; Vietnam; South-eastern Asia; Asia |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:140164&r=agr |
| By: | Grieco, Kevin |
| Abstract: | How should governments in sub-Saharan Africa boost their own-source revenue? In this research note I explore the decision of policymakers to expand property taxation into rural areas in the context of developing countries. A policymaker weighing the costs and benefits of rural taxation must first consider the potential net revenue that can be extracted from rural areas. Ultimately, this is an empirical question that requires reliable data on the costs and potential revenue associated with rural taxation. Unfortunately, little such reliable data exists. In this project, I seek to fill this gap by measuring village-level costs and potential revenue associated with property taxation in Kono District in rural Sierra Leone. Based on a set of simulations, I find that property tax in poor, sparsely-populated rural areas can generate positive net revenue. While these gains are modest, they can provide a meaningful source of local government revenue in a context where incomes are near the bottom of the global distribution, and where there are potentially large returns to government spending. These simulations also highlight several features of rural tax collection. First, to increase net revenue, policymakers should prioritise increasing compliance over reducing collection costs. Second, I show that much of the revenue generated from rural taxation is likely to come from a small subset of the total villages. Third, I highlight several trade-offs between salary-based and pay-for-performance (PFP) models of tax collector compensation. I conclude by situating these results in policymakers’ broader calculus for taxing rural areas. |
| Keywords: | Finance, |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idq:ictduk:18281&r=agr |
| By: | Ceballos, Francisco; de Brauw, Alan; Soneja, Payal |
| Abstract: | During 2023, researchers from Work Package 2 (WP2) of the Sustainable Healthy Diets through Food Systems Transformation (SHiFT) initiative conducted three linked surveys to learn more about micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) that currently supply foods within urban, peri-urban, and rural locations in Viet Nam and devise ways to foster their supply of sustainable nutritious foods (SNFs). The surveys had three linked goals—to better characterize the business environment in which MSMEs operate; to understand any constraints they face in selling more SNFs; and to help inform interventions with scaling potential that could increase the availability of SNFs for consumers. The first survey consisted of a listing exercise (or the “short audit†), the second survey was a longer survey targeting outlets from the listing that had a higher chance of being MSMEs and could potentially modify their food offerings, and the third survey was targeted at suppliers of those MSMEs, with the objective of identifying any potential constraints at the supplier level for expanding the offering of SNFs. The sample for the third survey was derived from the MSME sample. Ceballos et al. (2023) describe in detail the data collection efforts conducted, including sampling strategies, overall sample composition, and implementation of the three surveys. This document presents selected results from these three surveys, with a focus on the second MSME survey. The next section describes the typology of outlets enumerated in the different surveys, and the final outlet groupings used in the analyses in this note. The MSME survey results section discusses the main findings from the MSME survey in terms of general ownership characteristics, employment patterns, business skills and access to finance, food offerings, and nutrition knowledge and interest in offering more SNFs to clients, distinguishing across outlet groups and vendor clusters. The Supplier survey results section presents the main findings from the supplier survey, in terms of food offerings, the composition of their client portfolio, their level of formalization, business skills, and credit use, and their interest in selling more nutritious foods. The final section summarizes the findings and concludes. |
| Keywords: | production; microenterprises; food supply; small and medium enterprises; food supply chains; Vietnam; South-eastern Asia; Asia |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:140156&r=agr |
| By: | Serigne Moussa (UADB - Université Alioune Diop de Bambey) |
| Abstract: | Cette étude approfondie met en lumière l'importance capitale de la production, de la commercialisation et des mesures fiscales liées à la filière laitière au Sénégal. Cette filière joue un rôle crucial dans l'économie nationale, contribuant significativement à la création d'emplois, à la génération de revenus et à la revitalisation des zones rurales. Malheureusement, elle fait face à des défis majeurs, dont la concurrence féroce des importations de lait en poudre bon marché et une fiscalité défavorable qui entrave son plein potentiel. Néanmoins, la filière laitière locale demeure un pilier essentiel de l'économie sénégalaise et revêt une importance capitale pour la sécurité alimentaire de la population. Pour assurer sa viabilité à long terme, des mesures stratégiques s'avèrent nécessaires. Cela implique notamment la mise en place de régulations pour équilibrer le marché du lait et encourager les investissements des industriels dans la collecte. L'étude repose sur une méthodologie rigoureuse, impliquant des collectes de données auprès des différentes parties prenantes de la filière laitière. Une revue documentaire approfondie, incluant l'analyse de rapports de la dernière décennie, a été réalisée pour évaluer les enjeux organisationnels, la distribution des produits et les mesures incitatives nécessaires pour renforcer les investissements dans cette filière cruciale. Ces résultats offriront des bases solides pour des recommandations ciblées visant à soutenir et à dynamiser la filière laitière au Sénégal. Mots clés : Filière laitière locale ; Impact économique ; Défis fiscaux ; Sécurité alimentaire ; Importations lait JEL Classification : D4, L11, Q11, Q14 Type du papier : Recherche analytique |
| Keywords: | Filière laitière locale Impact économique Défis fiscaux Sécurité alimentaire Importations lait JEL Classification : D4, L11, Q11, Q14 Type du papier : Recherche analytique Local dairy industry Economic impact Fiscal challenges Food security Milk imports. Classification JEL : D4, Q14, Filière laitière locale, Impact économique, Défis fiscaux, Sécurité alimentaire, Importations lait JEL Classification : D4, Q14 Type du papier : Recherche analytique Local dairy industry, Economic impact, Fiscal challenges, Food security, Milk imports. Classification JEL : D4 |
| Date: | 2024–03–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04497799&r=agr |
| By: | Jeworrek, Sabrina; Tonzer, Lena |
| Abstract: | Promoting green product consumption is one important element in building a sustainable society. Yet green products are usually more costly. In times of high inflation, not only budget constraints but also the fear that prices will continue to rise might dampen green product consumption and, hence, limit the effectiveness of exerted efforts to promote sustainable behaviors. To test this suggestion, we conducted a Germany-wide survey with almost 1, 200 respondents, followed by a framed field experiment (N=500) to confirm causality. In the survey, respondents' stated "green" purchasing behavior is, as to be expected, positively correlated with concerns about climate change. It is also negatively correlated with concerns about future inflation and energy costs, but after controlling for observable characteristics such as income and educational level only the correlation with concerns about future prices remains significant. This result is driven by individuals with below-median environmental attitude. In the framed field experiment, we use the priming method to manipulate the saliency of inflation concerns. Whereas sizably relaxing the budget constraint (i.e., by 50 percent) has no impact on the share of organic products in participants' baskets, the priming significantly decreases the share of organic products for individuals with below-median environmental attitude, similar to the survey data. |
| Keywords: | consumption behavior, inflation concerns, online shopping experiment, organic food, sustainability |
| JEL: | C93 D12 D84 D91 E31 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iwhdps:287754&r=agr |
| By: | López, Rigoberto A.; Seoane, Luis |
| Abstract: | The meatpacking industry is a crucial intermediary between ranchers and the downstream supply chain, and concentration within the industry has significant implications for stakeholders in terms of competition and transmission of efficiencies. Due to constraints on the efficient transportation of live animals over long distances, ranchers primarily operate within regional markets. In this paper we provide new knowledge about the degree of regional concentration in the beef packing industry and propose a model to examine its impact on the wholesale farm-price spread. Findings indicate a significant increase in concentration across all regions, with some regions experiencing up to a 300 percent rise in the Herfindahl index, although concentration levels vary considerably among the different regions. |
| Keywords: | Livestock Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:341195&r=agr |
| By: | Andersson, Fredrik N G (Department of Economics, Lund University); Arvidsson, Susanne (Department of Business Administration, Lund University) |
| Abstract: | This study examines the integration of climate change and biodiversity into business strategies and governance structures of listed firms on the Swedish stock exchange NasdaqOMX Large Cap. The results show clear disparities in the level of integration and the factors driving the integration process. All, but a few small firms, have integrated climate change into business strategies, and are ahead in the process of integrating it into governance structures. Biodiversity integration is lagging behind the integration of climate change. We also find that the integration process depends on the sustainability competences within the board unlike climate change when the board composition is less important. Additionally, our results show that firms require external pressures from, e.g., regulations to integrate biodiversity and climate change into business strategies and governance structures. |
| Keywords: | biodiversity; climate change; sustainable finance; business strategy; governance structures; CSRD |
| JEL: | Q20 Q28 Q30 Q57 |
| Date: | 2024–04–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:lunewp:2024_002&r=agr |
| By: | Jing-Woei Chien; Lawrence Edwards; Ayanda Hlatshwayo |
| Abstract: | Using highly disaggregated customs-transaction-level data, we study the importer price effects of tariffs in the context of preferential trade agreements for South African imports of frozen bone-in chicken. We focus first on the firm-level impact of tariffs on import prices. Findings suggest no pass-through effect from changes in tariffs but our quantity analysis contradicts this, indicating adjustments consistent with higher landed prices. |
| Keywords: | Preferential trade agreements, South Africa, Import, Poultry |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp-2024-17&r=agr |