|
on Agricultural Economics |
|
Issue of 2023‒07‒10
25 papers chosen by |
| By: | Nmadu, Job Nda; Mohammed, Usman S.; Nmadu, Yebosoko T.; Sallawu, Halima; Nmadu, Sokoyami B.; Ndanitsa, Mohammed A.; Yisa, Ezekiel S.; Baba, Kpotun M.; Amos, Taiwo T.; Jirgi, Abigail J. |
| Keywords: | Research Methods/Statistical Methods, International Development, Productivity Analysis |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335993&r=agr |
| By: | Ufer, Danielle J.; Padilla, Samantha; Link, Noah |
| Abstract: | The emergence of new animal product suppliers, new and amended trade agreements, changes in consumer preferences, and growth in consumption among developing markets have influenced the global trade performance and position of U.S. agricultural commodities over the past two decades. Exports represent a significant market for U.S. animal agricultural industries and products, with global market volatility and competition directly affecting U.S. producers. The purpose of this study was to determine the position and competitiveness of U.S. meat, poultry, and dairy exports relative to major competitors from 2000 to 2021. The authors conducted an overview analysis of global animal product trade and U.S. competitiveness in aggregate meat and dairy trade, identifying key competitors, markets, trade events, barriers, and agreements. The U.S. market position and export competitiveness of four major animal products—beef, pork, chicken, and select dairy products—were analyzed using trade indices and export shares. Authors also identified influential market and trade events and trade agreements that affected the U.S. position in the four commodity markets. This report contributes to the understanding of how global changes have affected animal commodities. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance, Demand and Price Analysis, International Relations/Trade, Livestock Production/Industries, Marketing, Political Economy |
| Date: | 2023–04–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usdami:335422&r=agr |
| By: | Kang, Munsu (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Han, Seoni (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Son, Sung Hyun (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Kim, Yejin (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Jeong, Minji (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Park, Kyu Tae (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)) |
| Abstract: | 본 연구는 기후변화가 아프리카·중동의 식량안보에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구를 통해 우리나라의 대아프리카 및 대중동 농업·식량 분야 정책시사점을 제공하는 데 목적이 있다. 가뭄, 홍수와 같은 기상이변이 아프리카와 중동지역에서 점차 빈번해지고 있으며, 특히 농산물 가격 상승과 영양 부족 인구 증가에 영향을 주고 있다. 이에 따라 아프리카·중동 주곡에 대한 품종 개발, 관개수로 시설 확대를 통한 수자원 확보, 기상재해 경보 시스템 도입과 같은 생산 측면에서의 협력과 더불어 소비 측면에서는 취약계층 지원을 위한 식량원조 역시 확대할 필요가 있다. As a result of the recent outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine war, the global agri-food supply chain has collapsed, thereby raising concerns about food security in Africa and the Middle East. The international community is paying greater attention to the issue of food security caused by climate change, which is actually affecting food supply and demand in Africa and the Middle East as a result of frequent weather conditions, such as droughts, flooding, and heat waves. As a result of an intensifying drought, North Africa increased its imports of external grain in January 2022, and East Africa has experienced droughts that have adversely affected its crops in recent years. It is therefore increasingly important for the international community to cooperate to respond to the food security crisis resulting from climate change, and Korea should expand its cooperation to address climate change, food security, and agriculture in Africa and the Middle East. Climate change has both a global and a national impact, and African and Middle Eastern developing countries, especially those with insufficient climate resilience, are particularly vulnerable to the impact of climate change on agriculture and food production. It is therefore necessary to develop policies that can help lead the discussion of climate change in the international community while also increasing support for the agri-food sector through official development assistance (ODA) funded by Korea. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to analyze the food security crisis in Africa and the Middle East caused by climate change from the perspective of supply and demand, and to identify potential areas of cooperation. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) defines food security as “a situation in which everyone is always physically, socially and economically accessible to a sufficient amount of safe and nutritious food, while meeting individual dietary needs and preferences for a healthy and active life.” Therefore, food security should be considered throughout the entire food production and consumption process, toward which this study also examined the current state of the African and Middle Eastern food security crisis, causes of food insecurity, and policies to address it.(the rest omitted) |
| Keywords: | 농업정책; ODA; Agricultural Policy |
| Date: | 2022–12–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kieppa:2022_009&r=agr |
| By: | Tappi, Marco; Carucci, Federica; Gatta, Giuseppe; Giuliani, Marcella Michela; Lamonaca, Emilia; Santeramo, Fabio Gaetano |
| Abstract: | The climate changes and the weather events affect agricultural production and farmers’ income. Several strategies may help improving the resilience of farms to climate change, and particular mention should be done to the weather index-based crop insurance schemes, as they rely on the yield-weather relationship. A vast majority of studies investigate the limitation of the weather index insurance, due to the complex relationships linking weather events and yields and the difficulty to capture them with an index (i.e., the basis risk). The literature has not devoted sufficient attention to compare different specifications within the same statistical model in yield-weather estimation. Our study, conducted on durum wheat in Italy, shows how the identification (and design) of the phenological stages (i.e., temporal specifications) may help capturing or depicting the yield-weather relationships. The negative effects of the low temperatures, especially during the early stages of durum wheat, is remarkable. Our findings contribute to the debate on the design of triggers in weather indexes (e.g., for minimum temperatures), stimulating new research directions to assist stakeholders interested in planning agricultural risk management interventions. |
| Keywords: | Basis risk; Crop; Climate; Phenological stage; Insurance; Risk management |
| JEL: | G22 Q14 Q18 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–05–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:117488&r=agr |
| By: | Peltzer, Roger; Brüntrup, Michael |
| Abstract: | Responsible consumption and production are key to sustainable development, and are therefore a Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 12) in their own right. Consumption and production patterns also need to be socially responsible and economically viable. Private-sector requirements and state supply chain regulations, which have become more widespread in recent years, are designed to ensure that products consumed in high-income countries but manufactured (at least partially) in low-income countries are produced in line with certain social and environmental standards. Although progress has been made, many questions remain, particularly regarding whether the local social and economic impacts are sufficient. Cotton made in Africa (CmiA) is a certification initiative within the textile industry. Established 18 years ago as part of one of the largest public-private partnerships of German Development Cooperation with private foundations and private companies around an agriculture-based supply chain, CmiA - like its sister scheme the Better Cotton Initiative (BCI) - seeks to ensure compliance with specific environmental and social conditions in the cotton production process. Wherever it is implemented and monitored, the CmiA-standard provides retailers and consumers with the assurance that the cotton in the textiles and garments in question has been produced in line with CmiA-requirements. Up to now, about one million smallholder households with six to seven million family members in Africa produce under the label. This Policy Brief reflects on the impact that the introduction of CmiA has had on certified farmers, as well as on the challenges facing this standard following its successful market launch, and draws broader lessons learned for sustainability standards. The key findings are as follows: CmiA shows that sustainability standards do not only work for high-priced niche markets but can also be implemented in the mass market. While cotton is a non-food cash crop, the revenues it generates can boost food security among smallholders via the income channel and can also promote local food production through a number of other impact channels. Standard-setting must be accompanied by support for farmers so that they are able to comply and activate impact channels. It remains a huge challenge not only to guarantee social and ecological standards but also to achieve a 'living income' for smallholder farmers. For all the benefits of publicly funding the start-up phase of implementing sustainability standards, it must be ensured that these standards are subsequently financed from the value chain itself. Textile retailers and consumers ultimately have to pay for the goods they consume and which have been manufactured under sustainable conditions. As the mass-market implementation of sustainability standards takes time and patience, we cannot expect to see dramatic improvements in the local living conditions and incomes of the farmers in the short to medium term. Instead, this will require continuous investment in smallholder production and in the local environments over many years. Transitioning from pesticide-intensive production to a system that does not use such products without major productivity losses is challenging but seems feasible. In order to determine whether, and to what extent, the wellbeing of smallholder farmers is increased by complying with sustainability standards, good and continuous impact assessment is needed and this must be adapted to the especially complex conditions of African smallholder agriculture. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable development goals, Sub-Saharan Africa, cotton, agriculture, sustainability standard, consumption, natural resources, environment, smallholders, poverty |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:idospb:62023&r=agr |
| By: | Wilcox, Steven W.; Barrett, Christopher B.; Jensen, Nathaniel; Sun, Ying; Clark, Patrick; Soto, Gerardo E.; Kahiu, Njoki; Fava, Francesco P.; Porter, Benjamin |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, International Development, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335917&r=agr |
| By: | Villano, Renato A.; Rola-Rubzen, Maria Fay; Sarmiento, Jon Marx; Murray-Prior, Roy; Khan, Md. Farid Uddin; Rashid, Mamunur; Timsina, Krishna Prasad; Das, Kalyan K.; Ghosh, Arunava |
| Keywords: | International Development, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Productivity Analysis |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335616&r=agr |
| By: | Hrozencik, Aaron; Gardner, Grant; Potter, Nicholas; Wallander, Steven |
| Abstract: | Groundwater resources are vital for U.S. and global irrigated agricultural production. In the United States, ground-water supplies water to approximately 65 percent of all irrigated acreage. The connectivity among irrigators pumping from the same aquifer--paired with growing concerns about groundwater depletion--led to the creation of many of the groundwater organizations currently active in the United States. Groundwater organizations perform a variety of functions to promote groundwater resource stewardship and address groundwater overdraft and quality concerns that impact groundwater irrigators and other nonagricultural users (i.e., residential and municipal groundwater users). The operations of groundwater organizations are shaped by State-level groundwater law, organization governance, and the other irrigation-related activities performed by the organization (such as delivering water directly to farms and ranches). This report leverages data from the USDA's 2019 Survey of Irrigation Organizations to characterize the unique institutions that steward much of the Nation's groundwater resources. |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries, Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management, Industrial Organization, Land Economics/Use, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023–04–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usdami:335424&r=agr |
| By: | Tianran Ding; Bernhard Steubing; Wouter Achten |
| Date: | 2022–06–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulb:ulbeco:2013/359529&r=agr |
| By: | Huang, Jikun; Shi, Pengfei |
| Abstract: | China has experienced rapid rural transformation in the past four decades. Accompanying the rapid transformation are a significant rise in rural household income and a substantial fall in rural poverty. Based on the indicators of rural transformation (share of high-value agriculture and share of rural labour employment in non-farm activities) and its outcomes (per capita income and poverty incidence), this paper examines the evolutions of and the relationships between provincial rural transformation and its major outcomes. The results show that all provinces have undergone significant rural transformation, but the level and speed of transformation has differed considerably among provinces. Both graphic and regression analyses indicate that there is strong correlation between the level of rural transformation and its outcomes: a higher level of transformation is often positively associated with a higher level of per capital income and a lower level of poverty incidence in rural China. Furthermore, a general category of provincial rural transformation in terms of high-value agriculture and rural labours’ non-farm employment is conducted. The likely impacts of institutions, policies and investments on rural transformation are also discussed. The paper concludes with several policy implications. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural Finance, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Food Security and Poverty, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023–06–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:unadrs:335374&r=agr |
| By: | Lin, Biing-Hwan; Smith, Travis; Guthrie, Joanne |
| Abstract: | Since 2005, the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) has recommended that whole grains comprise at least half of total grain consumption. This study used nationally representative food consumption datasets (spanning 1994–2018) to examine trends in whole-grain intakes before and after the establishment of this recommendation. Trends were examined by age group and food source; that is, food purchased at grocery stores and other retailers to be eaten either at home or away (as a brown bag lunch) versus food purchased at restaurants, fast-food establishments and similar sources, and schools. Across the entire time period studied, the diets of older U.S. consumers (65 years old and over) were richest in whole grains on a per-1, 000 calorie basis—but only among children (2–19 years old) did intakes, measured on a per-1, 000 calorie basis, increase during 1994–2018. Multivariate analyses indicate this finding was largely attributable to changes in whole-grain consumption from foods obtained at school. Since 2013 (following the implementation of new standards requiring school meals subsidized by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) to offer more whole-grain-rich foods), approximately one in two children who ate school food consumed whole grains on the survey day, whereas previously, fewer than one in five of such children consumed whole grains. Children who selected whole grains when eating food obtained at school also ate larger amounts, measured as ounce equivalents consumed per 1, 000 calories, with 2013–18 levels more than double those of 1994–2010 |
| Keywords: | Consumer/Household Economics, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Health Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023–04–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usdami:335423&r=agr |
| By: | Uter, Zachary |
| Keywords: | Farm Management, Livestock Production/Industries, Productivity Analysis |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:umapmt:335419&r=agr |
| By: | Marchesi, Keenan; Byrne, Anne; Malone, Trey |
| Abstract: | Approximately half of consumer food expenditures and one-third of food calories consumed are as food-away-from-home (FAFH) purchases. FAFH often differs from food at home (FAH) in nutritional profile and convenience. The availability and variety of FAFH outlets may significantly affect diets, health, food choice, and food-related time use. Focusing on U.S. nonmetropolitan (nonmetro) counties over the course of 30 years from 1990 to 2019, the authors examined the rural FAFH landscape across the United States—i.e., the availability of restaurants, cafeterias, food trucks, and the like outside of the home. The authors focused on trends and differentiating features of FAFH access across the metropolitan divide and across the rural-urban continuum using annual establishment-level data from the National Establishment Time Series (NETS) dataset. The authors found that FAFH is generally less available in nonmetro counties and that there is a prevalence of national chain restaurants among the FAFH options in the most rural, nonmetro counties. However, this finding is not uniform across county types. Broad local economic conditions, captured by primary industry, are correlated with differences in the food landscape. Counties with recreation as their primary industry tended to offer more FAFH options than rural counties with other leading industries, including nonmetro counties. Furthermore, there has been an expansion of FAFH in nonmetro counties, including the most rural, nonmetro counties, led by growth in limited-service restaurants. These results could have implications for food access, overall health, and other consumer food metrics because FAFH generally offers a different nutritional profile than food at home and may provide additional convenience. |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development, Consumer/Household Economics, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Public Economics |
| Date: | 2023–03–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usdami:335420&r=agr |
| By: | Bailey Klinger; Ivan Ordonez; Federico Sturzenegger |
| Abstract: | We discuss three cases of corporate-smallholder partnerships in South Africa’s former homelands, which have tried to bridge the problem of low productivity by supplying technology, technical assistance and financing along with established channels for sales and distribution. The cases are indicative of some key difficulties faced by such ventures: building trust, finding a suitable partner, successfully transferring technological to small farms, and reducing risk, particularly climate-related. In order for these types of partnerships to help close the gap between South Africa’s two agricultures, solutions to these problems must be provided at greater scale. We explore mechanisms to achieve that scale, drawing lessons from South Africa’s successful franchising sector, as well as newly emerging business models and technologies from abroad. |
| Keywords: | South Africa, agriculture |
| Date: | 2023–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cid:wpfacu:148a&r=agr |
| By: | Rola-Rubzen, Maria Fay; Sarmiento, Jon Marx; Villano, Renato A.; Murray-Prior, Roy; Khan, Md. Farid Uddin; Alam, Md Mahafuj; Timsina, Krishna Prasad; Das, Kalyan K. |
| Keywords: | Institutional and Behavioral Economics, International Development, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335953&r=agr |
| By: | Bachev, Hrabrin; Ivanov, Bozhidar |
| Abstract: | There are huge differences in understandings and assessments of agrarian governance among scholars, practitioners, and official and business documents. The goal of the article is to adapt the interdisciplinary methodology of the New Institutional Economics and to propose an adequate definition and framework for analyzing the system of agrarian governance. Based on a critical review of previous research and practical experience in this area, it is underlined that agrarian governance is to be studied as a complex system, including four principle components: agrarian and related agents involved in making management decisions; rules, forms and mechanisms that govern the behavior, activities and relationships of agrarian agents; processes and activities related to making governing decisions; a specific social order resulting from the governing process and functioning of the system. The holistic framework for assessing the quality of agrarian governance is suggested consisting of adequate good governance principles, aspects, indicators, and criteria. Initial evaluation of the level of agricultural governance found that it is at a moderate level having in mind the EU perspective. The highest performance is attained under the principles of Equity and Solidarity and the Good Working Public Sector while in terms of the Working Private Sector and the Stakeholders' Involvement, it is the lowest. |
| Keywords: | governance, agriculture, definition, assessment, quality, Bulgaria |
| JEL: | Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:117536&r=agr |
| By: | Patricio Goldstein (Center for International Development at Harvard University); Timothy Freeman; Alejandro Rueda-Sanz; Shreyas Gadgin Matha; Sarah Bui; Nidhi Rao; Timothy Cheston (Center for International Development at Harvard University); Sebastian Bustos (Center for International Development at Harvard University) |
| Abstract: | The Colombian Amazon faces the dual challenge of low economic growth and high deforestation. High rates of deforestation in Colombia have led to a perceived trade-off between economic development and protecting the forest. However, we find little evidence of this trade-off: rising deforestation is not associated with higher economic growth. In fact, the forces of deforestation of some of the world’s most complex biodiversity are driven by some of the least complex economic activities, like cattle-ranching, whose subsistence-level incomes are unable to meet the economic ambitions for the region. All the while, the majority of the Amazonian departments’ population works in non-forested cities and towns, at a distance from the agriculture frontier that forms the “arc of deforestation.” The relative urbanization of the Amazonian departments, despite the vast land mass available, recognizes that prosperity is achieved through close social-economic interactions to expand the knowledge set available to be able to produce more, and more complex activities. Achieving economic goals therefore relies on creating new productive opportunities in non-forested, urban areas. |
| Keywords: | Colombia, Peru, Amazon Rainforest, deforestation |
| Date: | 2023–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cid:wpfacu:147a&r=agr |
| By: | Behrendt, Karl; Paparas, Dimitrios |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| Date: | 2022–09–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:haaepr:335408&r=agr |
| By: | Odongo, Maureen; Misati, Roseline Nyakerario; Kageha, Caren; Wamalwa, Peter Simiyu |
| Abstract: | This study analyses the impact of climate risk indicators on bank stability in Kenya based on descriptive and quantitative approaches on quarterly data covering thirtyfive banks over the period 2009 to 2021. The analysis reveals a distinct warming trend, variable rainfall pattern and an increasing trend in greenhouse gas emissions especially in the agriculture and transport sectors. Banks' climate financing for sustainable projects remains low. Empirical findings using dynamic panel estimation reveals adverse impact of temperature changes and rainfall variability on bank stability and credit risk arising from non-performing loans. The stress testing results reveal vulnerability of the banking sector to climate change as the probability of defaulting increases in moderate, severe, and extreme temperature changes. The results affirm banks' important role in managing financial stability risks while providing sustainable climate financing and the need to strengthen synergies between private and public sustainable financing for target priority sectors. |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:kbawps:71&r=agr |
| By: | Manga, Muge; Cengiz, Orhan; Destek, Mehmet Akif |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the role of export quality in climate action goal of the sustainable development goals in emerging Asian countries. For this purpose, the empirical model that observes the impact of real GDP, energy use and export quality index on carbon emissions is constructed and is analyzed by ARDL bound test approach for the period from 1970 to 2014. We also include the square of real GDP as independent variable to observe the existency of Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis which implies the parabolic relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation. The findings show that increase in export quality leads to a fall in CO2 emissions for China and India. In contrast, the effect of increasing export quality increases CO2 emissions in Thailand and the Philippines. Lastly, our asymmetric causality results show that the positive shocks of export quality causes positive shocks of CO2 emissions in Thailand and Indonesia. Furthermore, we found that positive export quality shocks causes negative carbon emission shocks in India while negative export quality shocks causes positive carbon emissions shocks in China. We also confirm the inverted U-shaped EKC hypothesis in China and Thailand. |
| Keywords: | This paper investigates the role of export quality in climate action goal of the sustainable development goals in emerging Asian countries. For this purpose, the empirical model that observes the impact of real GDP, energy use and export quality index on carbon emissions is constructed and is analyzed by ARDL bound test approach for the period from 1970 to 2014. We also include the square of real GDP as independent variable to observe the existency of Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis which implies the parabolic relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation. The findings show that increase in export quality leads to a fall in CO2 emissions for China and India. In contrast, the effect of increasing export quality increases CO2 emissions in Thailand and the Philippines. Lastly, our asymmetric causality results show that the positive shocks of export quality causes positive shocks of CO2 emissions in Thailand and Indonesia. Furthermore, we found that positive export quality shocks causes negative carbon emission shocks in India while negative export quality shocks causes positive carbon emissions shocks in China. We also confirm the inverted U-shaped EKC hypothesis in China and Thailand. |
| JEL: | Q01 Q5 |
| Date: | 2022–09–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:117552&r=agr |
| By: | Federico Sturzenegger; Bailey Klinger; Ivan Ordonez |
| Abstract: | Combining satellite data with FAO potential yields we provide a new measure of South Africa's current and potential crop farming output. We find that field crop production is twice its census estimate, contributing 1.4% of GDP rather than 0.7%, and that achieving potential could increase its contribution a further 0.5% of GDP. Estimating horticulture potential is more difficult. We find that its 0.7% contribution to GDP is massively unreported, with actual production at 2.5%. Reaching potential could increase this number a further 0.5%. The distance from current to potential output represents over 100 billion 2017 rand of additional gross income and about 350.000 thousand jobs and is unevenly distributed across the country and concentrated in four provinces: Free State, Western Cape, Kwazulu-Natal and Eastern Cape. Our result suggests that there is room to expand agriculture, but because the potential gains are geographically concentrated, the solutions should have a strong location dimension. |
| Keywords: | South Africa, agriculture |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cid:wpfacu:149a&r=agr |
| By: | Rachel Soloveichik (Bureau of Economic Analysis) |
| Abstract: | Americans invested $72 billion in cultivated assets in 2019. By category, investment was: $7 billion in long-lived food animals, $2 billion in horses, $10 billion in farm plants, and $53 billion in landscaping plants. System of National Accounts 2008, the internationally agreed guidelines for national accounts, explicitly recommends that cultivated assets should be tracked in measures of capital (United Nations Statistics Division 2008, sec. 10.88–10.96). This recommendation has been widely accepted and most European Union countries currently track some cultivated assets in their measures of capital (Jager 2017). In addition, the U.S. agricultural productivity accounts have considered tracking cows in their measures of capital (Ball and Harper 1990). However, this recommendation is not currently implemented in either the U.S. National Economic Accounts (Bureau of Economic Analysis 2019) or the U.S. agricultural productivity accounts (Shumway et al. 2015). This paper explores how capitalizing those cultivated assets changes the U.S. National Economic Accounts from 1929 to 2019 and the production accounts from 1948 to 2019. First, real gross domestic product (GDP) growth before 1990 decreases slightly when cultivated farm assets are capitalized. Second, the 2000s housing bubble and bust appears more dramatic when cultivated landscaping is capitalized along with other real estate investment. Third, measured real estate sector productivity growth falls noticeably when cultivated landscaping is tracked as capital in the production accounts. This paper explores on how capitalizing cultivated biological resources might change economic statistics from 1929 to 2019. To start out, investment in cultivated farm assets grew slower than overall gross domestic product (GDP) before 1990. As a result, real GDP growth before 1990 decreases by 0.01 percentage point per year when cultivated farm assets are capitalized. Second, the housing bubble and bust during the 2000’s appears more dramatic when landscaping plants are capitalized along with other types of real estate investment. Third, measured real estate sector productivity growth falls noticeably when landscaping plants are tracked in the joint BEA-BLS production accounts. |
| JEL: | E01 O17 Q1 |
| Date: | 2021–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bea:wpaper:0189&r=agr |
| By: | Broman, Karl W (University of Wisconsin–Madison) |
| Abstract: | Identifying the genetic loci responsible for variation in traits which are quantitative in nature (such as the yield from an agricultural crop or the number of abdominal bristles on a fruit fly) is a problem of great importance to biologists. The number and effects of such loci help us to understand the biochemical basis of these traits, and of their evolution in populations over time. Moreover, knowledge of these loci may aid in designing selection experiments to improve the traits. We focus on data from a large experimental cross. The usual methods for analyzing such data use multiple tests of hypotheses. We feel the problem is best viewed as one of model selection. After a brief review of the major methods in this area, we discuss the use of model selection to identify quantitative trait loci. Forward selection using a BIC-type criterion is found to perform quite well. Simulation studies are used to compare the performance of the major approaches. In addition, we present the analysis of data from a real experiment. |
| Date: | 2023–06–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:thesis:5m8jg&r=agr |
| By: | Wibbenmeyer, Matthew (Resources for the Future); Joiner, Emily (Resources for the Future); Wear, David N. (Resources for the Future) |
| Abstract: | Despite large recent investments by Congress, the costs of fuel removal and forest restoration needs in the western United States dramatically exceed available funding. Engaging the private sector may provide a means for enhancing the pace and scale of fuel removals to reduce wildfire hazard, but thus far this strategy—which has typically focused on increasing demand for small-diameter fuels—has not been broadly successful. To assess the economics of fuel treatments in the western United States, we develop a spatially explicit model of the revenues and costs of fuel removal in Idaho and Montana, under a variety of treatment scenarios. We find that fuel treatment sales would not be economically feasible across most of the study region unless prices of small-diameter material were to rise significantly, potentially via subsidies or another policy. Nevertheless, under current market conditions, bundling small amounts of sawtimber harvest with treatments is capable of dramatically expanding treatable area. Such an approach is a promising path to reducing fire hazard on public lands; however, a different approach will be necessary to encourage fuel removal on private lands, which make up a disproportionate share of forested lands near communities. |
| Date: | 2023–06–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rff:dpaper:dp-23-27&r=agr |
| By: | Zereyesus, Yacob A.; Kee, Jennifer Y.; Morgan, Stephen N.; Hendricks, Nathan P.; Johnson, Michael E.; Cardell, Lila; Nava, Noé J.; Jelliffe, Jeremy L.; Ac-Pangan, Walter |
| Keywords: | International Relations/Trade, International Development, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335666&r=agr |