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on Agricultural Economics |
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Issue of 2021‒12‒20
74 papers chosen by |
| By: | Sutradhar, Rajib |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315415&r= |
| By: | Konda, Bruhan |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Crop Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315134&r= |
| By: | Ebata, Ayako |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315031&r= |
| By: | Bueno, André Rezende de Castro |
| Keywords: | Marketing, Food Security and Poverty |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:314941&r= |
| By: | Reddy, A Amarender |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315243&r= |
| By: | Nong, Yixin |
| Keywords: | Farm Management |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315070&r= |
| By: | Unnevehr, Laurian |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Agribusiness |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315059&r= |
| By: | Baruah, Prerona |
| Keywords: | Demand and Price Analysis, Agricultural Finance |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315338&r= |
| By: | Otieno, David Jakinda |
| Keywords: | Land Economics/Use, Consumer/Household Economics |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315128&r= |
| By: | Mouafor, Boris Igwacho |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315397&r= |
| By: | Gatti, Nicolás |
| Keywords: | Productivity Analysis, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315080&r= |
| By: | Chisanga, Brian |
| Keywords: | Food Security and Poverty |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315223&r= |
| By: | Kimura, Yuichi |
| Keywords: | Land Economics/Use, Consumer/Household Economics |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315049&r= |
| By: | Petrick, Martin |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Agribusiness |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315104&r= |
| By: | Porteous, Obie |
| Keywords: | International Relations/Trade, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315028&r= |
| By: | Berhane, Guush |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315313&r= |
| By: | Qin, Xiaodi; Wu, Haitao |
| Keywords: | Food Security and Poverty |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:314996&r= |
| By: | Chaudhary, Abhishek |
| Keywords: | Land Economics/Use, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315089&r= |
| By: | Campenhout, Bjorn Van |
| Keywords: | Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Agribusiness |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315054&r= |
| By: | Tsvakirai, Chiedza |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Marketing |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315185&r= |
| By: | Trigo, Eduardo |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315307&r= |
| By: | Mathew, Merlin |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315158&r= |
| By: | Uddin, Mohammad Jalal |
| Keywords: | Food Security and Poverty |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:314954&r= |
| By: | Thomas, Nicola |
| Keywords: | Land Economics/Use, Productivity Analysis |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315042&r= |
| By: | Rajkumar, Vidya Bharathi |
| Keywords: | Labor and Human Capital, Farm Management |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315329&r= |
| By: | Singh, K.M.; Ahmad, Nasim; Pandey, Vagish Vandana; Kumari, Tulika; Singh, Ritambhara |
| Abstract: | Rice is the most important staple food of the country consumed by about 65 per cent of the population (Singh and Singh, 2020). It is grown in almost all the states, however, the major rice producing states with respect to its share in total rice production of the country during 2018-19 are West Bengal (13.79%), Uttar Pradesh (13.34%), Andhra Pradesh including Telangana (12.84%), Punjab (11.01%), Odisha (6.28%), Chhattisgarh (5.61%), Tamil Nadu (5.54%), Bihar (5.19%), Assam (4.41%), Haryana (3.88%) and Madhya Pradesh (3.86%). In the present study, an attempt has been made to assess the growth trends and instability in area, production and productivity of rice in major rice growing states during the period 2001-02 to 2018-19. The results of the investigation revealed that compound growth rate of area under rice was almost constant in the country during the period under investigation while it was fluctuating across the states but growth rates of production and productivity was found positive and significant. Instability indices of area under rice were found to be less as compared to production and productivity. Although production of rice has increased due to technological changes in cultivation practices but increased instability in production also indicated distress in rice production across the states. Most of the States registered negative profitability in rice cultivation and only the farm business income was found to be positive. Hence, policy makers, planners and stakeholders should formulate policies to sustain the rice farming in the country for food security of the nation. Restriction may be imposed on purchase of rice below MSP or government may adopt proper mechanism to stop distress sale of farm produces particularly rice. As paddy is water consuming crop and sustainability of ground water and other natural resources is threatened from paddy cultivation in areas with scarce groundwater specifically in states like Punjab and Haryana. It would adversely affect food security in the long run. Hence, farmers should be encouraged to shift out from paddy cultivation in the states where groundwater is depleting and should only grow paddy in water surplus areas keeping the sustainability of groundwater in mind. |
| Keywords: | Rice, Growth, Instability, Profitability, Loss, Farm business income |
| JEL: | O11 O13 Q1 Q12 |
| Date: | 2021–06–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:110635&r= |
| By: | Bai, Yunli |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development, Consumer/Household Economics |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315364&r= |
| By: | Campenhout, Bjorn Van |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315088&r= |
| By: | Tang, Yalin |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development, Consumer/Household Economics |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315363&r= |
| By: | Yu, Chengzheng |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Crop Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315037&r= |
| By: | Farnaz Pourzand (University of Otago, Wellington); Kendom Bell (Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines how differences in climate across space influence the value of New Zealand agricultural land. We use the Ricardian approach to price the climate, using property valuation data from 1993 to 2018. We apply the ‘spatial first differences’ method, which compares differences in climate between neighbours with differences in land values between neighbours. This method allows us to estimate the impact of long-term climate conditions on farmland values across different land-uses, while controlling for sources of bias associated with unobserved heterogeneity. We find that a warmer or drier climate is associated with higher farmland values in New Zealand. As the spatial first differences method accounts for unobserved heterogeneity associated with variables not related to climate, these associations likely represent causal effects on land values of variables tied to climate. While agricultural productivity is one pathway by which climate affects land values, our results may also be due to variation in the value of land improvements tied to climate or amenity values associated with the option value to convert to a residential use. |
| Keywords: | Land values; climate change; Ricardian analysis, Spatial First Differences |
| JEL: | Q1 Q2 Q5 |
| Date: | 2021–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mtu:wpaper:21_16&r= |
| By: | Huang, Jikun |
| Keywords: | Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Agribusiness |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315053&r= |
| By: | Aye, Goodness |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Finance, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:314953&r= |
| By: | Yang, Yunfan |
| Keywords: | Consumer/Household Economics |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315392&r= |
| By: | Nuppenau, Ernst-August |
| Keywords: | Consumer/Household Economics |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:314957&r= |
| By: | Chang, Tsaiyu |
| Keywords: | Land Economics/Use |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:314975&r= |
| By: | Jenny C. Aker; Kelsey Jack |
| Abstract: | Many agricultural and environmental technologies require large upfront investments in exchange for longer-term benefits. This time profile of costs and benefits makes adoption particularly sensitive to liquidity and credit constraints, which are prevalent in low-income settings. We test the importance of these barriers to the adoption of an agricultural technique that helps reduce land degradation and restore soil fertility in Niger. We find little evidence that liquidity or credit constraints deter adoption: instead, providing farmers with training increases the share of adopters by over 90 percentage points, whereas adding conditional or unconditional cash transfers has no additional effect. Adoption increases agricultural output, reduces land turnover and leads to adoption spillovers up to three years after treatment. These results imply that training can be a cost-effective and scalable means of promoting the adoption of profitable technologies. |
| JEL: | O13 Q16 |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:29518&r= |
| By: | Matthieu Stigler; David Lobell |
| Abstract: | Index insurance is a promising tool to reduce the risk faced by farmers, but high basis risk, which arises from imperfect correlation between the index and individual farm yields, has limited its adoption to date. Basis risk arises from two fundamental sources: the intrinsic heterogeneity within an insurance zone (zonal risk), and the lack of predictive accuracy of the index (design risk). Whereas previous work has focused almost exclusively on design risk, a theoretical and empirical understanding of the role of zonal risk is still lacking. Here we investigate the relative roles of zonal and design risk, using the case of maize yields in Kenya. Our first contribution is to derive a formal decomposition of basis risk, providing a simple upper bound on the insurable basis risk that any index can reach within a given zone. Our second contribution is to provide the first large-scale empirical analysis of the extent of zonal versus design risk. To do so, we use satellite estimates of yields at 10m resolution across Kenya, and investigate the effect of using smaller zones versus using different indices. Our results show a strong local heterogeneity in yields, underscoring the challenge of implementing index insurance in smallholder systems, and the potential benefits of low-cost yield measurement approaches that can enable more local definitions of insurance zones. |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2111.08601&r= |
| By: | Faccia, Donata; Parker, Miles; Stracca, Livio |
| Abstract: | We contribute to the debate surrounding central banks and climate change by investigating how extreme temperatures affect medium-term inflation, the primary objective of monetary policy. Using panel local projections for 48 advanced and emerging market economies (EMEs), we study the impact of country-specific temperature shocks on a range of prices: consumer prices, including the food and non-food components, producer prices and the GDP deflator. Hot summers increase food price inflation in the near term, especially in EMEs. But over the medium term, the impact across the various price indices tends to be either insignificant or negative. Such effect is largely non-linear, being more significant for larger shocks and at higher absolute temperatures. We also provide simulations from a two-country model to understand the rationale behind the results. Overall, our results suggest that temperature plays a non-negligible role in driving medium-term price developments. Climate change matters for price stability. JEL Classification: E03, E31, Q51, Q54 |
| Keywords: | climate change, extreme temperatures, inflation, panel local projections |
| Date: | 2021–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecb:ecbwps:20212626&r= |
| By: | Bellemare, Marc; Boyd, Chris |
| Keywords: | Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315337&r= |
| By: | Akem, Fabinin Nina |
| Keywords: | Marketing, International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315370&r= |
| By: | Florent Saucède (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Some food system actors are experimenting with blockchain to bring transparency to food products regarding their origins and production processes. To build transparency, all actors in a specific supply chain must share sensitive data in the blockchain. This creates an end-to-end, real-time, shared and tamperproof traceability system, from which information can be made available to consumers, but also exploited to improve the functioning and sustainability of the supply chain. Blockchain invites food supply chains to become participative, but also subject to permanent monitoring. These are unheard of conditions, and the implications for supply chain coordination, actors' behaviour, and inter-organisational dynamics are not well understood. This JCJC project explores how blockchain transforms food supply chains to understand how to design and implement more participative, transparent, and efficient supply chains likely to contribute to the transition to more sustainable food systems. |
| Abstract: | Certains acteurs des systèmes alimentaires testent les atouts de la blockchain pour rendre les produits alimentaires transparents sur leurs origines et modes de production. Tous les acteurs de la chaîne d'approvisionnement doivent alors partager des données sensibles dans la blockchain. Il en résulte un système de traçabilité de bout-en-bout, en temps réel, infalsifiable et visible par tous. Il peut être exploité pour informer les consommateurs, mais aussi pour améliorer le fonctionnement et la durabilité de la chaîne. La blockchain permet aux chaînes de devenir participatives, mais les place sous surveillance constante. C'est une situation inédite, ses conséquences sur la coordination des chaines, le comportement des acteurs et les dynamiques inter-organisationnelles sont inconnues. Ce projet JCJC vise à comprendre comment la blockchain transforme les chaînes d'approvisionnement, pour rendre ces dernières participatives, transparentes, efficaces et contributives de systèmes alimentaires plus durables. |
| Keywords: | Blockchain,Food system,Supply chain,Traceability,Sustainability,Système alimentaire,Traçabilité,Durabilité |
| Date: | 2021–11–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03455061&r= |
| By: | Ngarava, Saul |
| Keywords: | Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, Agribusiness |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315359&r= |
| By: | Lee, Yunkyung |
| Keywords: | Marketing, Crop Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315078&r= |
| By: | David Adeabah (Legon, Ghana); Simplice A. Asongu (Yaoundé, Cameroon) |
| Abstract: | Over the past decade, a growing number of studies have examined the role of agricultural export in economic growth in Africa. The literature, however, provides conflicting results about the agricultural export-led growth hypothesis. In this study, we aim to examine the impact of agricultural export on economic growth by performing a meta-analysis. Our meta-analysis finds significant presence of negative publication bias in the literature. Using mixed-effect multilevel meta-regression, we find that after correction for publication bias, the average agricultural export elasticity to economic growth is 0.763 for the poor in Africa. Interestingly, agricultural export is growth for the rich in Africa, although the elasticity of GDP is 0.043. These results are consistent with the agricultural export-led growth hypothesis. The implication is that export promotion should be targeted at agricultural output in low-income and lower middle-income countries whereas upper middle-income countries in Africa may focus on non-agricultural export. |
| Keywords: | Africa; export-led growth; agricultural export; meta-analysis |
| JEL: | C10 C40 I30 N50 O55 |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:agd:wpaper:21/082&r= |
| By: | Yu, Jianyu |
| Keywords: | Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315239&r= |
| By: | Khanna, Madhu |
| Keywords: | Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Agribusiness |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315052&r= |
| By: | Ebun Akinsete (ICRE8); Achilleas Vassilopoulos; Valentino Marini Govigli; Laura Secco; Phoebe Koundouri; Elena Pisani; Alkis Kafetzis |
| Abstract: | In the Mediterranean basin, the status of commercial fish stocks is critical. In this sense, small scale, low impact fishing is seen as one of the ways to redress this balance, as it utilizes methods having minimal impacts on the marine environment, species, and habitats. Furthermore, sustainable small-scale fishing is an important activity for both economic and social reasons. Although low impact fishers make up 95% of the Greek fleet, they manage to reach only about 17% of the total consumers, thereby reaping only a small proportion of the profits. In this paper, we explore how social innovation can support public policies and the private sector in delivering successful and innovative food distribution channels in the Greek fishing sector. Through an innovative evaluation method based on both qualitative information and quantitative indicators we analyse the project 'A Box of Sea', established in 2016 by Greenpeace Greece and fishers in Leros and Lesvos. This initiative provides a novel food consumption and distribution model aiming at making low impact fishing more economically viable, and therefore achieving a triple sustainability for the sector (environmental, social, and economic). Our results shed light on the processes which brought the project to thrive. Moreover, we identify third sector social innovation schemes as key tools to develop novel distribution systems supporting local communities (fostering new networks and collaborations across fishers), while improving governance practices of the current fishing sector creating a fairer market that protects the marine environment. |
| Keywords: | Social Innovation, Sustainable Fisheries, Evaluation Framework, Rural Development, Mediterranean, Greece |
| Date: | 2020–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2037&r= |
| By: | Laibuni, Nancy |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Labor and Human Capital |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315220&r= |
| By: | Mehmet Guncavdi; Murat Kors; Elif Ozcan Tok |
| Abstract: | In this study, we examine the price transmission in terms of magnitude and speed along the supply chains of Turkish poultry and beef markets. We develop a two-step model. In the first step, we employ indicator saturation method to identify the structural breaks of impulse-indicator saturation (IIS), step-indicator saturation (SIS) and trend-indicator saturation (TIS) types in the data. In the second step, we construct an autoregressive distributed lag-error correction model (ARDL-ECM) introducing the structural breaks into the analysis. The main findings indicate that the magnitudes of pass through of a price shock between different levels of supply chains are considerably large, and the largest effect is observed from wholesale prices to retail prices. The convergence to the long run equilibrium is also fast. |
| Keywords: | Conditional ECM, Food supply chain, Vertical price transmission |
| JEL: | E31 E37 Q11 Q18 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tcb:wpaper:2130&r= |
| By: | John C. Williams |
| Abstract: | Remarks at Combating Food Insecurity: What’s Working – and What’s Scalable? (delivered via videoconference. |
| Keywords: | food insecurity; health; families; workforce; food prices; food distribution; economy |
| Date: | 2021–11–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fednsp:93455&r= |
| By: | Carlsson, Fredrik (Department of Economics, School of Business, Economics and Law, Göteborg University); Kataria, Mitesh (Department of Economics, School of Business, Economics and Law, Göteborg University); Lampi, Elina (Department of Economics, School of Business, Economics and Law, Göteborg University) |
| Abstract: | Using a stated preference survey, we investigate whether the introduction of a set of food labels affects consumers´ willingness to make costly shifts from meat products to meat substitutes. We investigate the role of food labels relating to health, use of antibiotics, climate impact, and animal care. We find that climate and healthiness labeling of substitutes increases the likelihood that consumers will switch to such products. We also find that labeling of the meat option can play an important role when choosing a food product. Labels concerning animal care, antibiotics use, and healthiness are all important for consumers’ choices, while a climate impact label placed on meat plays a smaller role. If meat is produced with severe restrictions on antibiotics use and the producers guarantee a high level of animal care, consumers will generally, all else equal, prefer the meat alternative. Twenty-five percent of the respondents are not willing to choose anything other than meat in the experiment. This subset of consumers are probably very difficult to influence. We find, however, that making a meat substitute taste more like meat is a key factor for those with limited experience of consuming soy products. |
| Keywords: | meat substitutes; stated preferences; labels |
| JEL: | Q18 Q51 |
| Date: | 2021–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:gunwpe:0816&r= |
| By: | Michael Burton; Adelina Gschwandtner; Jose Eduardo Ribeiro; Cesar Revoredo-Giha |
| Abstract: | The present paper uses a jont stated preference (SP) and revealed preference (RP) model in order to estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) for the organic attribute among other key environmental attributes in chicken meat. The stated preference model is based on the respondent's choice from hypothetical choice sets in a choice experiment. The revealed preference model is using a comprehensive data-set of scanned supermarket shopping's to model the choice for chicken meat in a similar manner. The attributes in the stated preference model are based on the ranges of the actual levels of attributes found in supermarket and are presented to respondents using a fractional factorial design. The joint SP-RP approach takes advantage of the benefits of both approaches and addresses econometric issues and biases from both. The results show that the two models appear to reject similar underlying preferences and can be meaningfully combined. Furthermore, the results show that when combining the RP and SP information, the consumers appear to be willing to pay a larger amount for the organic attribute in chicken meat than when the SP and RP approach's are applied separately. The paper contributes to the literature by being the first to estimate the WTP for organic chicken using a joint estimation approach. |
| Keywords: | Choice Experiments; Revealed Preferences; Joint Estimation |
| JEL: | C25 Q18 Q51 |
| Date: | 2021–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ukc:ukcedp:2113&r= |
| By: | Sara Balestri (Department of International Economics, Institutions and Development, and Cognitive Science and Communication research Centre, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore); Raul Caruso (Department of Economic Policy and CSEA, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore CESPIC, Catholic University Our Lady of Good Counsel) |
| Abstract: | This research work provides new evidence about the effect of vulnerability to climate change on the likelihood of communal violence, by sorting out regional-specific path- ways. We focus on Sub-Saharan Africa and South/South-East Asia for the period 1995-2016, these regions being particularly exposed to climate effects and characterized predominantly by rain-fed agriculture and climate-sensitive economic activities. Relying on the ND-GAIN Vulnerability Index as a multidimensional measure for propensity of human societies to be negatively impacted by climate change, we found robust evidence that greater vulnerability is conducive to a higher risk of communal violence in Sub-Saharan Africa. On the other hand, in South/South-East Asia, results suggest that current climate variability, measured as rainfall deviations within the period, exerts a greater effect on communal violence outbreak than overall vulnerability to climate change. In both regions, greater access to productive means is associated to the reduction of conflict risk. Some policy implications were derived that suggest an integrated approach between climate policy-making and social stability efforts, given conditional effects of climate change over the likelihood of communal violence. |
| Keywords: | communal violence; vulnerability; climate change; conflicts; Africa; Asia |
| JEL: | D74 O13 Q54 Q56 |
| Date: | 2021–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pea:wpaper:1016&r= |
| By: | Raj Chandra; Gabriel E. Lade; GianCarlo Moschini (Center for Agricultural and Rural Development (CARD) at Iowa State University) |
| Abstract: | A systematic component of wine quality is believed to depend on the geo-climatic factors of its production conditions. This belief has long been a motivation for the development of geographical indications for wines. In the United States, American Viticulture Areas (AVAs) represent the most common geographic factor firms use to differentiate their products. In this paper, we estimate a discrete choice model of US wine demand to study the market and welfare impact of AVAs. Specifically, we develop a two-level nested logit choice model, featuring many wine products and characteristics-including wine type, brands, and varietals, in addition to AVAs-and estimate it using Nielsen Consumer Panel data over the 2007-2019 period. We find significant welfare gains from AVA information on wine labels. Over the period of interest, the welfare gain attributable to AVAs is estimated at about $2.37 billion, with wine producers and retailers capturing approximately 80% of this surplus. Approximately 90% of consumer welfare gains are due to product differentiation and increased variety, with the remaining gains due to price decreases resulting from increased product competition. |
| Date: | 2021–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ias:cpaper:21-wp628&r= |
| By: | Elliott, Rebecca |
| Abstract: | How is knowledge about future climate change operationalized in governance of the present? This paper addresses this question by examining efforts to repurpose the US National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) for climate change adaptation. Policymakers and officials initially imagined the challenge to be principally a technical one of accounting for uncertainty in risk assessments and insurance tools. But the conduct and outcome of their efforts reflected instead politically charged normative tensions related to the temporality of climate ethics. NFIP policyholders, constituted as a ‘risk public’ by the instruments of flood insurance, exposed these tensions in mobilizations targeting practices of risk governance. The case shows that practices of ‘accounting for’ climate change and governing it through insurance work out—in however tentative or provisional a fashion—larger moralized disputes over the distribution of burdens, benefits and responsibilities over time. |
| Keywords: | flood insurance; climate change; risk; maps; ethics; temporality; T&F deal |
| JEL: | F3 G3 |
| Date: | 2021–04–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:107925&r= |
| By: | Holden, Stein T.; Tilahun, Mesfin |
| Keywords: | Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315108&r= |
| By: | Steve McCorriston (Department of Economics, University of Exeter); Donald MacLaren (Department of Economics, University of Melbourne) |
| Abstract: | Intermediaries play a crucial role in the functioning of agricultural and food markets through linking production, imports and storage with consumption. They may be either private firms or parastatals, each type with a different objective function. In this paper, we develop a theoretical framework in the context of a small open economy subject to an exogenous and stochastic world commodity price and analyse how competition in the intermediary sector and alternative forms of intermediaries determine the incentives for storage and market outcomes more generally. We apply this framework to the Egyptian wheat sector as an illustrative case study, a country where food security is a priority and where both forms of intermediaries co-exist. Through stochastic simulation, we analyse two changes in government policy where we account for different characterisations of the intermediary sector: the first is the effects of changing the policy instruments; the second relates to market reforms where the private sector replaces the storage function of the parastatal. |
| Keywords: | private intermediaries, parastatals, storage, food security |
| JEL: | Q13 Q1 |
| Date: | 2021–12–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:exe:wpaper:2109&r= |
| By: | Dubman, Robert; Key, Nigel; Law, Jonathan; Litkowski, Carrie; Mandalay, Okkar; Subedi, Dipak; Todd, Jessica E.; Whitt, Christine |
| Abstract: | The U.S. agricultural economy experienced pronounced volatility over the 2009–19 decade, including strong periods of expansion in the first part of the decade followed by several years of contraction. Although many financial indicators of well-being—including farm sector and household income—were at or near their long-term average in 2019, shifts in the distribution of Government payments from farm programs occurred. In addition, bankruptcy rates were elevated in some key agricultural States. This report describes major trends in the agricultural economy over the most recent decade for which survey data are available (2009–19) and explores drivers underlying the trends. The analysis is based on USDA’s Farm Income and Wealth Statistics data product, data collected from farm operators and farm households through the Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS), and data from U.S. Bankruptcy Courts. The charts and analyses provide a historical perspective to evaluate current economic conditions. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural Finance, Crop Production/Industries, Farm Management, Financial Economics, Industrial Organization, Production Economics, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2021–11–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usdami:316342&r= |
| By: | Adeyemo, Temitayo |
| Keywords: | Labor and Human Capital |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315136&r= |
| By: | Bago, Bence; Rand, David; Pennycook, Gordon |
| Abstract: | Why is disbelief in anthropogenic climate change common despite broad scientific consensus to the contrary? A widely-held explanation involves politically motivated (“System 2”) reasoning: Rather than helping uncover truth, people use their reasoning abilities to protect their partisan identities and reject beliefs that threaten those identities. Despite the popularity of this account, the evidence supporting it (i) does not account for the fact that partisanship is confounded with prior beliefs about the world, and (ii) is entirely correlational with respect to the effect of reasoning. Here, we address these shortcomings by (i) measuring prior beliefs and (ii) experimentally manipulating participants’ extent of reasoning using cognitive load and time pressure while they evaluate arguments for or against anthropogenic global warming. The results provide no support for the politically motivated system 2 reasoning account: Engaging in more reasoning led people to have greater coherence between judgments and their prior beliefs about climate change - a process that can be consistent with rational (unbiased) Bayesian reasoning - and did not exacerbate the impact of partisanship once prior beliefs are accounted for. Thus, we challenge the dominant cognitive account of climate disbelief, and suggest that interventions aimed at providing accurate information about climate change may be effective in the long run. |
| Date: | 2021–12–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tse:iastwp:126234&r= |
| By: | Larch, Mario (University of Bayreuth); Luckstead, Jeff (Washington State University); Yotov, Yoto (Drexel University) |
| Abstract: | Combining two new datasets on sanctions and agricultural trade and implementing step-by-step the latest developments in the empirical structural gravity literature, we investigate the effects of sanctions on international trade of agricultural products. We find that trade sanctions have been effective in impeding agricultural trade, while other sanctions do not show any significant effects. The complete trade sanctions in our sample have led to about a 73% decrease in the agricultural trade between the sanctioned and sanctioning countries, or a corresponding tariff equivalent of 38.8%, but we also obtain significant estimates for partial sanctions. At the industry level, we find substantial heterogeneity depending on the sanctioning and sanctioned countries, the type of sanctions used, and the direction of trade flows. Focusing on the sanctions on Russia, we find that these sanctions substantially decreased bilateral trade of Russia, mainly due to reduced trade with the EU. |
| Keywords: | Structural Gravity; Sanctions; Agriculture; Russia; Heterogeneity |
| JEL: | F14 F51 Q17 |
| Date: | 2021–11–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:drxlwp:2021_016&r= |
| By: | Zeballos, Eliana; Sinclair, Wilson; Park, Timothy |
| Abstract: | According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service’s Food Expenditure Series, total spending on food and beverages in the United States reached $1.8 trillion in 2019. While real per capita total food expenditures steadily increased through the decades, the share of expenditures at food-at-home (FAH) establishments decreased from 1997 until 2019 and then increased abruptly in 2020. To better understand changes in food spending and its composition during 1997–2020, this study utilizes a structural decomposition analysis. The analysis compares: the roles of variations in aggregate income, propensity to spend versus to save, propensity to spend on food versus non-food, and substitution between FAH and food away from home (FAFH) during non-recessionary periods. These periods include the Great Recession (December 2007 to June 2009) and the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Recession (February to April 2020). |
| Keywords: | Consumer/Household Economics, Demand and Price Analysis, Financial Economics, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Public Economics |
| Date: | 2021–11–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usdami:316348&r= |
| By: | Christopher Timmins; Ashley Vissing |
| Abstract: | Using a unique combination of datasets and estimation techniques, we test whether private lease negotiations to extract oil and natural gas exhibit features of Coasian efficiency. We demonstrate that measures of wealth (including income, house square footage, and land acreage), typically determinants of willingness to pay for environmental quality, do affect bargaining outcomes. However, race, ethnicity, and language also play important roles after conditioning upon these variables, suggesting an environmental injustice and a breakdown of efficient Coasian bargaining. We further demonstrate that failure to negotiate protections in leases leads to increased risk of future drilling violations, which are not offset by local ordinance restrictions. |
| JEL: | K32 Q40 Q51 Q58 |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:29487&r= |
| By: | Tepe, Johanna; Lemken, Dominic |
| Abstract: | The growing prevalence of ultra-processed foods in Uganda is driving the double burden of malnutrition. Overweight and obesity are on the rise while the intake of micronutrients remains insufficient. Simultaneously, jackfruits that are rich in minerals and vitamins remain underutilized. Its large size, sticky insides, and high perishability make it challenging to handle and cause high postharvest losses. In an attempt to address both issues, the present study investigates the potential of long-lasting, nutritious, and sugar-free jackfruit-nut-bars (JNBs) as a channel to enhance and promote the utilization of jackfruit, and provide healthier options of processed foods. To analyze consumer demand for the products, we first assess the sensory perception of four different JNBs at a university campus in Uganda. We then use Van Westendorp’s price sensitivity meter to elicit consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) and identify factors shaping their demand. The results show that the sensory properties are, on average, rated positively, and price preferences are similar to established snacks. Based on our findings, we conclude that JNBs provide an option to enhance jackfruit utilization. A random effects model shows that WTP increases with sweetness, age, and frequency of snack consumption that JNBs can potentially substitute. These findings help future development and promotion of processed jackfruit products. |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development, Demand and Price Analysis, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Marketing |
| Date: | 2021–12–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:gagkfc:316519&r= |
| By: | Jeddi, Samir (Energiewirtschaftliches Institut an der Universitaet zu Koeln (EWI)); Lencz, Dominic (Energiewirtschaftliches Institut an der Universitaet zu Koeln (EWI)); Wildgrube, Theresa (Energiewirtschaftliches Institut an der Universitaet zu Koeln (EWI)) |
| Abstract: | Deep decarbonisation requires large-scale irreversible investments throughout the next decade. Policymakers discuss Carbon Contracts for Differences (CCfDs) to incentivise such investments in the industry sector. CCfDs are contracts between a regulator and a firm that pay out the difference between a guaranteed strike price and the actual carbon price per emission reduction generated by an investment of the firm. We develop an analytical model to assess the welfare effects of CCfDs and compare it to other carbon pricing regimes. In our model, a regulator can offer CCfDs to risk-averse firms that decide upon irreversible investments into an emission-free technology in the presence of risk. Risk can originate from the environmental damage or the variable costs of the emission-free technology. We find that a CCfD can be a beneficial policy instrument as it hedges firms’ risk encouraging investments when the firms’ risk aversion would otherwise inhibit this. In contrast to mitigating firms’ risk by committing to a carbon price early on, CCfDs maintain the regulator’s flexibility to adjust the carbon price if new information reveals. However, as CCfDs hedge the firms’ revenues, they might safeguard production with the emission-free technology, even if it is ex-post inefficient. In this case, regulatory flexibility can be welfare superior to offering a CCfD. |
| Keywords: | Climate policy; carbon pricing; risk; Carbon Contracts for Difference |
| JEL: | H23 L51 O31 Q55 Q58 |
| Date: | 2021–11–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:ewikln:2021_009&r= |
| By: | Shobande, Olatunji; Asongu, Simplice |
| Abstract: | Purpose – This paper provides an analysis of the energy-carbon Kuznets curve hypothesis (CKC) using a second-generation panel methodology. Design/methodology/approach – Specifically, we investigate whether energy consumption, natural resources, and governance explain the CKC proposition. Our empirical strategy is based on the Westerlund panel cointegration test, augmented mean group (AMG), and vector autoregressive (VAR) panel Granger-causality tests. Findings – The results suggest that the CKC hypothesis is incomplete without these mechanisms, as they play a critical role in reducing carbon emissions in Africa. We recommend improving the environmental standards and proper regulatory and monitoring systems to reduce carbon emissions and promote sustainable development in the continent. Originality/value –The study revisits the CKC hypothesis with particular emphasis on governance and more robust empirical estimation techniques. |
| Keywords: | carbon cuts; Energy consumption; Governance; Climate crisis; Panel analysis; Africa |
| JEL: | O1 Q20 Q30 Q50 |
| Date: | 2021–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:110852&r= |
| By: | Stern, Nicholas |
| Abstract: | In this paper, Nicholas Stern argues that the COVID-19 and climate crises, and the weaknesses that produced them, should be tackled together and that the response must be a new sustainable, resilient and inclusive approach to growth and development. The paper explores relevant policies and actions and then turns to the changes to economics necessary to pursue these ideas and imperatives. The core finding of The Economics of Climate Change: The Stern Review – that the costs of inaction on climate change are much greater than the costs of action – was compelling when the Review was published in 2006; 15 years on it is even stronger. While greenhouse gas emissions have continued to rise and the impacts of climate change have manifested faster and with greater intensity than expected, the costs of clean energy technologies have been falling further and more quickly than anticipated. Any reasonable estimate of the costs of inaction would be still higher now, and the costs of action lower, than in 2006. The deeper understanding of the problem that we now have, the paper argues, implies that we must shift the focus of our economic analyses towards the dynamics of change, the fostering of investment and innovation necessary, the management of disruption, and the great opportunities that lie in a new form of development. |
| JEL: | J1 |
| Date: | 2021–10–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:112802&r= |
| By: | Kate Laffan (Geary Institute for Public Policy, University College Dublin) |
| Abstract: | A reduction in the demand for meat and a shift to more plant-based consumption has the potential to significantly enhance the sustainability and health of many people's diets. In the current work, I examine contextual predictors of meat consumption in nationally representative nutrition surveys from three Western European Counties: Switzerland, France and the Netherlands. More specifically, I examine whether the contextual factors - the meal type, the day of the week and the location of the food consumption occasion - are predictive of whether meat is consumed. The results indicate that all three factors are linked to meat consumption with the patterns varying substantially across the different case study countries and the gender of the consumer. The results emphasise the importance of examining contextual correlates when looking to understand and influence meat consumption, while also highlighting important differences across both cultures and people. |
| Date: | 2021–03–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ucd:wpaper:202113&r= |
| By: | Mst Asma Khatun (School of Economics and Management, Kochi University of Technology); Koji Kotani (School of Economics and Management, Kochi University of Technology) |
| Abstract: | Food intake inequality at individual level is rarely analyzed in intrahousehold settings. We examine dietary diversity scores of household members with a focus on their family roles (fathers, mothers, sons, daughters and grandparents) and age groups (children, adults and elderly). Whereas theory suggests that members in a household should have equal dietary diversity by receiving a certain share of available foods, this research hypothesizes that they do not do so by their roles and/or age groups. We conduct questionnaire surveys, collecting sociodemographic information and dietary data using a 24-hour recall method of 3248 subjects in 811 households from one urban and two rural areas in Bangladesh. The statistical analysis demonstrates three findings. First, poor and rural people have lower dietary diversity than non-poor and urban people, respectively. Second, grandparents (children) have lower dietary diversity than do fathers (adults), confirming an existence of intrahousehold food intake inequality by the roles and/or age groups, irrespective of poverty level and areas of residence. Third, father and mother educations are crucial determinants to uniformly raise the standard of dietary diversity for their household, however, they do not resolve the inequality. Overall, it is suggested that awareness programs of dietary diversity shall be necessary with a target group of fathers and mothers for the betterment of intrahousehold inequality and health at household level, contributing to SDGs. |
| Keywords: | Dietary diversity, Family role, Age, Intrahousehold inequality, Bangladesh |
| Date: | 2021–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kch:wpaper:sdes-2021-15&r= |
| By: | Joseph S. Shapiro |
| Abstract: | This article proposes and evaluates four hypotheses about US pollution and environmental policy over the last half century. First, air and water pollution have declined substantially, although greenhouse gas emissions have not. Second, environmental policy explains a large share of these trends. Third, much of the regulation of air and drinking water pollution has benefits that exceed costs, although the evidence for surface water pollution regulation is less clear. Fourth, while the distribution of pollution across social groups is unequal, market-based environmental policies and command-and-control policies do not appear to produce systematically different distributions of environmental outcomes. I also discuss recent innovations in methods and data that can be used to evaluate pollution trends and policies, including the increased use of environmental administrative data, statistical cost-benefit comparisons, analysis of previously understudied policies, more sophisticated analyses of pollution transport, micro-macro frameworks, and a focus on the distribution of environmental outcomes. |
| JEL: | H23 Q50 Q52 R11 |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:29478&r= |
| By: | Herrera, Catalina (Northeastern University); Sahn, David E. (Cornell University) |
| Abstract: | BACKGROUND: Internal migration, mostly composed of young adults and the poor, constitutes the largest flow of people in developing countries. Few studies document the patterns and determinants of internal youth migration in sub-Saharan Africa. OBJECTIVES: This paper analyzes the socioeconomic determinants of the decisions among young adults to internally migrate in Senegal. We focus on whether their decisions to migrate are influenced by individual characteristics, as well as the circumstances in the households and communities where young adults grew up, and whether these factors are differentiated by gender. METHODS: Using a unique migration household survey in Senegal, we estimate multinomial logit models to analyze the role of childhood socioeconomic determinants in later youth migration decisions to rural and urban areas. RESULTS: We find that young people undertake mostly rural-to-rural and urban-to-urban migrations, and over half of them are temporary migrants. We also find that the determinants are heterogeneous by gender and destination. The higher the fathers' education, the more (less) likely are their daughters to move to urban (rural) areas. Young individuals who spend their childhood in betteroff households are more likely to move to urban areas. The presence of younger siblings during childhood increases the propensity of moving to rural areas. Access to primary schools from the childhood residence decreases the likelihood of migrating to urban areas for both men and women. CONTRIBUTION: We contribute to the sparse literature on internal youth migration in developing countries by highlighting the relevance of the family- and community-level characteristics during childhood in predicting later migration in life. |
| Keywords: | internal migration, youth, Senegal |
| JEL: | O15 R23 J13 N37 |
| Date: | 2020–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp12988&r= |
| By: | Takahiro Akita (IUJ Research Institutey, International University of University); Dorji Lethro (National Statistics Bureau, Royal Government of Bhutan) |
| Abstract: | This study examines whether Bhutan’s rural economic growth was pro-poor from 2007-2017 by using expenditure data from the Bhutan Living Standard Surveys. It also conducts an IV probit analysis to explore the determinants of poverty. Even in rural areas, growth is necessary for the reduction of poverty. Besides relying on trickle-down effects from hydropower projects and tourism, promotion of agriculture-based small scale industries is essential for the acceleration of rural economic growth, where further development of basic industrial infrastructure and socioeconomic facilities is imperative. The country also needs to further promote and strengthen basic education in rural areas since education is found to have played an important role in reducing poverty. Many rural households are vulnerable to poverty. To prevent vulnerable households from falling into poverty, more effective social safety net programs may be necessary based on regional differences in factors affecting living conditions. |
| Keywords: | pro-poor growth, rural economic growth, poverty incidence. expenditure inequality, education, Bhutan |
| JEL: | I32 O15 O18 |
| Date: | 2021–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iuj:wpaper:ems_2021_06&r= |
| By: | Feras A. Batarseh; Munisamy Gopinath; Anderson Monken; Zhengrong Gu |
| Abstract: | International economics has a long history of improving our understanding of factors causing trade, and the consequences of free flow of goods and services across countries. The recent shocks to the free trade regime, especially trade disputes among major economies, as well as black swan events, such as trade wars and pandemics, raise the need for improved predictions to inform policy decisions. AI methods are allowing economists to solve such prediction problems in new ways. In this manuscript, we present novel methods that predict and associate food and agricultural commodities traded internationally. Association Rules (AR) analysis has been deployed successfully for economic scenarios at the consumer or store level, such as for market basket analysis. In our work however, we present analysis of imports and exports associations and their effects on commodity trade flows. Moreover, Ensemble Machine Learning methods are developed to provide improved agricultural trade predictions, outlier events' implications, and quantitative pointers to policy makers. |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2111.07508&r= |