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on Agricultural Economics |
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Issue of 2021‒06‒21
thirty-six papers chosen by |
| By: | Bachev, Hrabrin |
| Abstract: | On March 11, 2011, the strongest ever recorded in Japan earthquake occurred which triggered a powerful tsunami and caused a nuclear accident in Fukushima nuclear plant. The latter was a “manmade” disaster having immense impacts on people’s life, health, and property, infrastructure, supply chains, economy, policies, natural and institutional environment, etc. This paper presents work in progress and assesses preparedness for and agri-food impacts of the Fukushima nuclear disaster, identifies challenges in post-disaster recovery, and withdraws lessons for improving disaster risk management. Japan was not well prepared for such a huge disaster while the agri-food sector and consumption have been among the worst-hit areas. The triple disaster was a rare but high-impact event, therefore, it is necessary to “prepare for the unexpected”. Risk assessment is to include diverse hazards and multiple effects of a likely disaster, it is to be discussed with all stakeholders, and measures taken to educate and train all for complex disasters. It is necessary to modernize property rights, regulations, safety standards, and norms, enhance the capability of responsible public authorities and improve coordination between diverse actors. It is important to set up mechanisms for effective public resource allocation and reduction of agents’ costs. Different elements of the agri-food chain have dissimilar capabilities requiring differential public support. There is a strong “regional” interdependency of agrarian, food, and rural assets (and damages), and it is important to properly locate risk and take prevention and recovery measures. Disaster response demonstrated the important role of small-scale farms and food organizations, and the high efficiency of private, market, and collective governance. Before, during, and after a disaster, all available information from all sources is to be immediately publicized in understandable form through all possible means. Disaster provides an opportunity to discuss, introduce and implement fundamental changes in agricultural, economic, regional, energy, disaster management, etc. policies. It is important to learn from past experiences, prepare for multiple disasters, and make sure that “lessons learned” are not forgotten. |
| Keywords: | Fukushima nuclear accident, agri-food impacts, disaster risk management, Japan |
| JEL: | Q1 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 Q4 Q5 |
| Date: | 2021–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:108041&r= |
| By: | Valdemar J. Wesz Junior; Simone Piras; Catia Grisa; Stefano Ghinoi |
| Abstract: | Since the beginning of the 1990s, Brazil has introduced different policies for increasing agricultural production among family farms, such as the National Program for Strengthening Family Farming (Pronaf), the technical assistance and rural extension programmes (ATER), and seeds distribution. Despite the importance of these policies for the development of family farming, there is a lack of empirical studies investigating their impact on commercialization of food products. By considering household-level data from the 2014 Brazilian National Household Sample Survey, we use propensity score matching techniques accounting for the interaction effects between policies to compare the commercialisation behaviour of recipients with non recipients. We find that Pronaf has a significant positive impact on family farmers propensity to engage in commercialisation, and this effect increases if farmers have also access to ATER. Receiving technical assistance alone has a positive effect, but this is mostly limited to smaller farms. In turn, seed distribution appears not to increase commercialization significantly. A well balanced policy mix could ensure that, in a country subject to the pressure of international food markets, increased commercialisation does not result in reduced food security for rural dwellers. |
| Date: | 2021–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2105.14996&r= |
| By: | Zawadzka, Danuta |
| Abstract: | In Poland, a characteristic feature of live pig production is its dispersion. The purpose of the article is to present the current level of concentration of pig producers and pig population, as well as structural changes that have taken place after Poland’s accession to the European Union. The reference point for the degree of concentration in Poland is the degree of concentration of producers and livestock numbers in countries such as Denmark or Germany. These countries were included in the production and export of pigs and pig meat due to their position. The analysis confirms that despite the progress in concentration, both the structure of producers and the population are still fragmented. In 2018, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development took the initiative to create an electronic sales platform under the name “Food Platform”. One of the goals of its establishment is to strengthen the position of farmers, who are the weakest link in the supply chain. The point is that trading on the Food Platform would bring benefits not only to large companies, but also to small entities that face difficulties to operating independently on the market. One of the products recommended for trade on the Food Platform is red meat (pork and beef) and products from this meat (Szczepaniak, Ambroziak and Drożdż, 2019). Although trade in pork half-carcases is foreseen further (wheat is to be the pilot product) and in addition will be based on transactions between slaughterhouses and processing plants, the fragmentation of production in question will have an impact on this turnover. The turnover on the platform, in turn, may affect the position of farmers. The trade may require joint (group) action of producers, and perhaps also the proper organization of the trade on the part of the platform. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Farm Management, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iafepa:311231&r= |
| By: | Fanny Le Gloux; Marie Laporte; Sabine Duvaleix; Pierre Dupraz; Elodie Letort |
| Abstract: | Introducing fodder with high omega 3 content such as grass or linseed in the feed ration of dairy cows both improves the milk nutritional profile and reduces enteric methane emissions per litre. This lever is interesting to contribute to climate change mitigation but can also generate additional farm costs. Payment for Environmental Services, such as the Eco-Methane programme implemented by the association Bleu-Blanc-Coeur in France, can support a change of cows’ diet in dairy farms through the valorisation of methane emissions reduction. The effectiveness of such a scheme depends on (i) the definition of a precise indicator of enteric methane emissions capturing the feeding effect, (ii) a payment level that would be sufficiently attractive to compensate for the additional costs faced by farmers. This study compares two indicators of enteric methane emissions to show the effect of taking feeding into account. It also assesses the extra cost of milk production if the grassland areas in fodder crop rotation systems were to be increased in French dairy farms. The estimation of a variable cost function based on data from the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) suggests a significant increase of the marginal cost of milk production with additional hectares of grass in mountainous areas, and in plains farms for which maize silage represents less than 30% of the fodder crop rotation system. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management, Livestock Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2021–06–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:inrasl:311369&r= |
| By: | Ram Fishman (Tel Aviv University); Michal Eliezer (Tel Aviv University); Maya Oren (Tel Aviv University) |
| Abstract: | What are the effects of agricultural knowledge transfer on smallholder farmers? Experimental or quasi-experimental evaluations of agricultural extensions programs remain scant. Moreover, such programs are known to suffer from deep implementation flaws, making it difficult to assess whether low impacts are observed because of poor implementation or because knowledge is not in fact the binding constraint to adoption of improved practices. We utilize a unique natural experiment, in which Nepali smallholder farmers are selected by lottery to take part in an agricultural training and employment in Israel. The program is entirely commercially based, and immerses participants in modern Israeli farms for a year, where they receive classroom instructions about modern farming and employed by commercial farmers. Upon their return to Nepal, program participants are more likely to engage in agriculture for their income, operate an agricultural business and to invest in their farms. Their expenditures on inputs and market access, as well as their agricultural revenues, are substantially higher. However, we see limited evidence for dramatic shifts to modern farming methods. These results are in line with self-reported learnings from the program which are highlight managerial skills. |
| Keywords: | Agriculture; Extension; Technology Adoption; Skills |
| JEL: | O13 O14 |
| Date: | 2021–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gwi:wpaper:2021-05&r= |
| By: | Pechrová, Marie Šimpachová; Šimpach, Ondřej |
| Abstract: | Young farmers must overcome certain barriers when entering the sector. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the main obstacles in starting a farming business and to assess whether the entry barriers faced by young farmers depend on the size of a farm. We used data from electronic survey conducted among 510 young farmers in the Czech Republic. The average size of a farm was between 0 to 1000 ha (on average 42.4 ha). The farmers were divided into the following categories: those with a holding from 0 to 5 ha – small, those with a holding of over 5 ha to 50 ha – medium, and those with a holding of over 50 ha – large. Young farmers assessed the difficulties, which they had to overcome when starting up a farm on a scale from 1 (this was certainly a barrier) to 4 (it was not a huge barrier) and 0 (it is not my case). The average score for each category and barrier was calculated. The highest barrier was administrative burden and the purchase of agricultural land. Young farmers did not perceive strategic planning and the purchase of livestock as a serious problem. The test in contingency table revealed that almost all types of barriers statistically significantly depended on the size of the farm. Starting a business is the most difficult problem for small and middle farms, but the purchase of an agricultural land and obtaining knowledge and experience is difficult for all farms to a similar axtent. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iafepa:311218&r= |
| By: | A. G. Adeeth Cariappa; B. S. Chandel; Gopal Sankhala; Veena Mani; Sendhil R; Anil Kumar Dixit; B. S. Meena |
| Abstract: | Calcium deficiency in high yielding bovines during calving causes milk fever which leads to economic losses of around INR 1000 crores (USD 137 million) per annum in Haryana, India. With increasing milk production, the risk of milk fever is continuously rising. In the context, we aim to address the most fundamental research question: What is the effect of a preventive health product (anionic mineral mixture (AMM)) on milk fever incidence, milk productivity and farmers income? In an effort to contribute to the scanty economic literature on effect of preventive measures on nutritional deficiency disorders in dairy animals, specifically, on AMM effects in India, this study uses a randomized controlled design to estimate internally valid estimates. Using data from 200 dairy farms, results indicate that milk fever incidence decreases from 21 per cent at baseline to 2 per cent in treated animals at follow-up. Further, AMM leads to a 12 per cent and 38 per cent increase in milk yield and farmers net income, respectively. Profits earned due to the prevention of milk fever [INR 16000 (USD 218.7)] overweighs the losses from milk fever [INR 4000 (USD 54.7)]; thus, prevention using AMM is better than cure. |
| Date: | 2021–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2106.03643&r= |
| By: | Frédéric Goulet (UMR Innovation - Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Alimentation - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - Montpellier SupAgro - Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement) |
| Abstract: | In South America, public policies take a strong interest in alternative technologies to agricultural chemical inputs (pesticides and fertilisers). Some South American countries support biological inputs, also known as bioinputs, through national incentive programmes and regulatory changes. Argentina, Brazil and Colombia are playing a leading role. However, the intention behind this promotion of bioinputs is not to break with industrial agricultural production models, from which States derive a large part of their tax income through exports. Rather, the goal is to foster coexistence between chemical and biological inputs in the context of a transition towards the bioeconomy. In this sense, the promotion of bioinputs meets the expectations of many South American farmers, as well as those of the agricultural inputs industry, which over the last few decades has diversified into these technologies. But these industrial dynamics are counter to certain farmers' movements that defend on-farm production of biological inputs. |
| Keywords: | Biological input,biocontrol,biofertiliser,alternative technology,innovation,transition,technology coexistence,public policy,industry,on-farm production,conventional agriculture,organic agriculture,agroecology,health,South America,Argentina,Brazil,Colombia,Ecuador,Mexico,Europe,France |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:cirad-03236912&r= |
| By: | Kosior, Katarzyna |
| Abstract: | The article aims to contribute to the discussion and research on economic, ethical and legal aspects of digital transformation in the agri-food sector. The previous technological revolution (the so-called Green Revolution) significantly raised the efficiency indices and productivity in agriculture. At the same time, however, it led to many negative environmental consequences. It also deepened income inequalities in the sector. According to some researchers, the current digital revolution, in fact based on intensive use of knowledge, may reverse the adverse consequences of the previous revolution. On the other hand, there is growing evidence that digital technologies lead to new social divides and to greater inequalities in the world. Many digital products and services are developed with the use of data to which ownership rights remain unclear. At the same time, the ongoing digitalization processes seem to significantly increase the risk of privacy violations. The article discusses the benefits, problems and possible risks associated with the digitalization processes in the agri-food sector. Particular attention is devoted to the ethical aspects of collecting, processing, sharing and using digital data from smart farming systems. It is argued that the potential of the digital revolution in the agri-food sector is not fully realized. The influencing factors are i.a. the lack of laws and regulatory frameworks for the governance of digital data gathered in the agriculture and food sector, the structure of the market of digital products and services favoring large and very large farms, low level of trust between actors in the data value chain and insufficient cooperation between the private and the public sector with regard to using and sharing digital data. Therefore, a broad discussion engaging various stakeholders on the vision of digital transformation in the agri-food sector is necessary. The foundations for the development of the agri-food sector based on data exchange and digital innovation should take into account common values and ethical principles, as well as the need to build mutual trust between the actors in the data value chain. |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iafepa:311227&r= |
| By: | Zegar, Józef |
| Abstract: | Family farms dominate in agriculture determining global food security and are essential for ecological security. These farms have not been precisely defined probably due to their enormous differentiation among and within regions and countries of the world. Along with the development of capitalism, family farms are subject to industrial transformation which is highly advanced in developed countries, while in less developed countries it has just started. New challenges and development conditions related mainly to environmental limitations and globalisation, as well as contestation of industrial transformation outcomes give rise to a question about the universality of such transformation and inevitability of transformations in agriculture of less developed countries to follow the path demarcated by developed countries. In addition to the issues of understanding and importance of family farms, the article presents the issue of perspectives of agricultural transformation in general and in Poland, including the position on the comments by S. Figiel. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Farm Management |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iafepa:311228&r= |
| By: | Heigermoser, Maximilian; Glauben, Thomas |
| Abstract: | The Covid-19 pandemic poses unprecedented challenges to the global economy. While aggregated agricultural trade patterns remained largely unaffected by the pandemic, the World Bank still expects global poverty to rise for the first time in more than twenty years. Since late 2020, several developments have the potential to further jeopardize global food security. Precisely, sea freight rates for bulk carriers, which are primarily used in international agricultural trade, have surged to an eleven-year high. However, despite the significant role that transportation costs play in international food trade, current research tends to overlook the impact they have on trade flows and food price formation. Further, the Food Price Index provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has increased for eleven straight months, reaching a seven-year high. These developments constitute increased risk to food security, particularly in poorer regions. Only strengthened international cooperation and unrestricted trade can safeguard global food security in the coming phase of globally uneven economic recovery. Calls for domestic self-sufficiency, proposals to transition to an over-bureaucratized, command-and-control EU-food system, as well as tightening economic sanctions and countersanctions between leading economic powers endanger food security, especially in import-dependent regions. |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iamopb:40e&r= |
| By: | Góral, Justyna; Rembisz, Włodzimierz |
| Abstract: | This publication is theoretical in nature. It attempts to determine a hypothetical relation between the supply of agricultural production determined by the given demand for it on the one hand and the demand for factors involved in the production on the other. It is included in one model of reasoning with the use of regularities and coefficients known in microeconomics. In particular, the demand, supply and production elasticity coefficients were used. The starting point is assumptions resulting from the demand and three-factor function of production and about rational choices of farm producers. The hypothesis that the relation between supply of production for the demand for it and demand for production factors is determined by changes in production efficiency was positively verified by means of theoretical and formal analysis. This was proved by reference to price elasticity of production and supply and price elasticity of demand for production factors in relation to a product. This is an attempt to fill a research gap in this field. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Crop Production/Industries, Demand and Price Analysis, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iafepa:311224&r= |
| By: | Mroczek, Robert |
| Abstract: | The aim of this study is to show various aspects related to the slaughter of cattle and poultry in Poland for religious purposes and attempt to estimate the scale of this slaughter and possible economic losses for companies in the meat and poultry industry if a ban on religious slaughter was introduced. The slaughter of animals for slaughter in Poland for religious purposes is carried out on an industrial scale and mainly concerns two species of animals, i.e. cattle and poultry. Its size can be determined only on the basis of estimates, which in the case of cattle and poultry may be 20-40% and 35-55% of the export volume, which in absolute values would correspond to 75-150 thousand tons and 500-800 thousand tons (in hot carcass weight) of beef and poultry meat, respectively. Thus, these are not small amounts. The possible introduction of a ban on the slaughter of animals for slaughter for religious purposes in Poland (with the exception of religious communities) would mean measurable financial losses for the meat and poultry industries, as well as for slaughter cattle and poultry producers. Appropriate indicators were used to determine changes over time. Descriptive and graphical analysis of statistical data was performed and a simulation calculation was made. |
| Keywords: | Farm Management, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Industrial Organization |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iafepa:311278&r= |
| By: | Zaburanna, Lesia V.; Lutska, Tetiana V.; Tkachuk, Vadym A. |
| Abstract: | The article summarizes the practice of creation and functioning of small business forms in agriculture of Ukraine, assesses their role and capabilities at the present stage and in the future, identifies priority, desirable directions for further development of society and mechanisms for their provision. The necessity of implementing a consistent policy of entrepreneurial activity expansion in the rural area is substantiated, in the first place by family farming, which is capable to ensure the maximum employment rate of rural population. Due to the above-mentioned processes, agroholdings have narrowed down the ability of the rural population to conduct agricultural entrepreneurial activity. It has also been proved that in order to increase the efficiency of agricultural production, the profitability of rural households from the agricultural products production and sale, employment of rural population and the development of the agrarian market’s infrastructure, it is necessary to intensify the creation of agricultural servicing cooperatives, especially in sectors where the production of small business forms prevails. It was found that it is extremely important to introduce a permanent state of financial and other support for the development of agricultural servicing cooperatives and small forms of farming in the rural area, focusing on supporting the latter through cooperatives in which they participate |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iafepa:311219&r= |
| By: | Roshen Fernando; Weifeng Liu; Warwick J McKibbin |
| Abstract: | This study assesses the global economic consequences of climate-related risk in three broad areas: (1) the macroeconomic impacts of physical climate risk due to chronic climate change associated with global temperature increases and climate-related extreme shocks; (2) the macroeconomic effects of climate policies designed to transition to net zero emissions by 2050 (transition risk); and (3) the potential macroeconomic consequences of changes in risk premia in financial markets associated with increasing concern over climate events. We consider four widely used climate scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathways, or RCP), and identify the physical damage functions due to chronic climate risks. The chronic climate risks include sea-level rise, crop yield changes, heat-induced impacts on labor, and increased incidence of diseases. We also estimate the future incidence of climate-related extreme events, including droughts, floods, heat waves, cold waves, storms and wildfires, based on climate variable projections under the climate scenarios. After translating physical climate shocks into economic shocks to labor force and sectoral productivity, we investigate the macroeconomic consequences under the climate scenarios using the G-Cubed model. The results demonstrate that physical climate risk is likely to cause large economic losses in all RCP scenarios, both through chronic climate change and extreme climate shocks. We then explore the impact of country-specific economy-wide carbon taxes as a representative policy action to drive the global economy to achieve net-zero emissions by mid-century. Transition risks vary according to the ambition and the design of policies to reduce emissions. The results demonstrate that there can be potentially significant costs associated with policies to reduce emissions, and the costs differ across sectors and across countries. We also address whether changes in climate risk perceptions can significantly impact the real economy through changes in risk premia in financial markets. We calculate shocks to financial risk premia based on relationships between historical climate shocks and changes in financial market risk premia. We apply these shocks to risk premia under the RCP scenarios and find that the cost of rising risk premia can be of a magnitude consistent with historical experience. The cost appears to be smaller than the economic costs of changes in physical climate risk and transition risk. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, Extreme events, Climate shocks, Climate risk, Macroeconomics, DSGE, CGE, G-Cubed |
| JEL: | C51 C53 C54 C55 C68 F41 Q51 Q54 |
| Date: | 2021–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:een:camaaa:2021-37&r= |
| By: | Veronica Giwashi Maigida (Department of Banking and Finance, Eastern Mediterranean University, North Cyprus, and Financial Analyist Cambridge Resources International Inc.); Mikhail Miklyaev (Cambridge Resources International Inc.); Glenn P. Jenkins (Cambridge Resources International Inc.) |
| Abstract: | Ethiopia is attributed to the widespread use of traditional methods for honey production, faulty equipment and training. This situation results in low productivity and quality of table honey, and only a little is prepared for the export. Due to low productivity and low agricultural income, this project seeks to improve farmers' livelihoods. This analysis describes the primary risk factors posed by beekeepers, and it calculates the net economic gains to the different project stakeholders. A deterministic cost-benefit model was used to determine three choices for intervention: the provision of three new beehives / per beekeeper, the provision of three new beehives with equipment / per beekeeper, and the provision of three modern beehives with modern beehives / per beekeeper equipment and training to improve the honey production capacity of the honey value chain in Ethiopia. |
| Keywords: | traditional beehives, modern beehives, honey production, honey value chain, sustainable development, Ethiopia. |
| JEL: | D13 D31 D61 D62 |
| Date: | 2021–06–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:qed:dpaper:4576&r= |
| By: | Tristan Le Cotty (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Cirad-ES - Département Environnements et Sociétés - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Elodie Maître d'Hôtel (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Cirad-ES - Département Environnements et Sociétés - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Moctar Ndiaye (UG - Université de Guyane); Sophie Thoyer (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - UMR 5211 - UM - Université de Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | We investigate whether the fluctuations of agricultural output prices may explain the low level of input use in Sub-Saharan Africa. We combine data on local maize prices and data on farmers' fertilizer use over the 2009-2011 period in Burkina-Faso to estimate a panel-tobit model of fertilizer use. We separate the predictable and unpredictable components of maize price fluctuations and find that fertilizer use decreases when maize price fluctuations increase, and more specifically when unpredictable price fluctuations increase. |
| Abstract: | Nous analysons si les fluctuations des prix des produits agricoles peuvent expliquer le faible niveau d'utilisation des intrants en Afrique Sub Saharienne. Nous combinons des données sur les prix locaux du maïs et des données sur l'utilisation des engrais chimiques sur la période 2009-2011 au Burkina-Faso pour estimer un modèle tobit en panel d'utilisation d'intrants. Nous distinguons les composants prévisibles et imprévisibles des fluctuations des prix du mais et établissons que l'utilisation d'intrants diminue quand les fluctuations des prix du maïs augmentent, et que cet effet est lié à la composante imprévisible des fluctuations des prix. |
| Keywords: | fertilizer use,price risk,maize,intensification,Sub-Saharan Africa,utilisation d’intrants,risques de prix,maïs,Afrique Sub Saharienne |
| Date: | 2021–06–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-03252026&r= |
| By: | Tristan Le Cotty (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Cirad-ES - Département Environnements et Sociétés - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Elodie Maître d'Hôtel (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Cirad-ES - Département Environnements et Sociétés - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Moctar Ndiaye (UG - Université de Guyane); Sophie Thoyer (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - UMR 5211 - UM - Université de Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | We investigate whether the fluctuations of agricultural output prices may explain the low level of input use in Sub-Saharan Africa. We combine data on local maize prices and data on farmers' fertilizer use over the 2009-2011 period in Burkina-Faso to estimate a panel-tobit model of fertilizer use. We separate the predictable and unpredictable components of maize price fluctuations and find that fertilizer use decreases when maize price fluctuations increase, and more specifically when unpredictable price fluctuations increase. |
| Abstract: | Nous analysons si les fluctuations des prix des produits agricoles peuvent expliquer le faible niveau d'utilisation des intrants en Afrique Sub Saharienne. Nous combinons des données sur les prix locaux du maïs et des données sur l'utilisation des engrais chimiques sur la période 2009-2011 au Burkina-Faso pour estimer un modèle tobit en panel d'utilisation d'intrants. Nous distinguons les composants prévisibles et imprévisibles des fluctuations des prix du mais et établissons que l'utilisation d'intrants diminue quand les fluctuations des prix du maïs augmentent, et que cet effet est lié à la composante imprévisible des fluctuations des prix. |
| Keywords: | fertilizer use,price risk,maize,intensification,Sub-Saharan Africa,utilisation d’intrants,risques de prix,maïs,Afrique Sub Saharienne |
| Date: | 2021–06–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:ciredw:hal-03252026&r= |
| By: | Grilli, Gianluca; Mukhopadhyay, Soumyadeep; Curtis, John; Hynes, Stephen |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:esr:wpaper:rb202024&r= |
| By: | Skarżyńska, Aldona |
| Abstract: | The issue of profitability of the agricultural production is often discussed within the framework of the problems of agricultural economics. The study showed a diversification in the profitability of the milk production depending on the cow herd’s size and identified the main determinants of positive economic results. The studies were conducted on commodity farms, which have been grouped according to the production scale, the criterion of scale was the number of dairy cows in the herd. Three scale ranges have been identified, i.e. small, medium and large. The data of 2014 and 2017 was used for the analysis. What was examined was the effectiveness of feeding cows in the identified farm groups and the technical and economic efficiency of the milk production. The full costs of the milk production (i.e. economic costs) were assessed and income from management activity was calculated. The results of the analyses show that as the number of cows in the herd increases, their milk yield and the price of milk are increasing. Farms with a large number of cows in the herd incurred the lowest full costs of the milk production, while obtaining the highest income from management activity per 1 cow and per 1 litre of milk. The measure of the milk production’s economic efficiency was the profitability index (revenues-to-economic costs ratio), the highest was recorded for the large-scale milk production, for the small scale this index did not exceed the profitability threshold. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iafepa:311222&r= |
| By: | Vanessa T. Siy Van (Health Sciences Program, Ateneo de Manila University); Carmina P. Siguin (Community Welfare, Wellness, and Well-being Laboratory, Ateneo de Manila University); Andrew C. Lacsina (Community Welfare, Wellness, and Well-being Laboratory, Ateneo de Manila University); Lean Franzl L. Yao (Department of Mathematics, Ateneo de Manila University); Zarah G. Sales (Institute of Human Nutrition and Food, University of the Philippines Los Baños); Normahitta P. Gordoncillo (Institute of Human Nutrition and Food, University of the Philippines Los Baños); Leslie Advincula-Lopez (Development Studies Program, Ateneo de Manila University); Joselito T. Sescon (Department of Economics, Ateneo de Manila University); Eden Delight Miro (Department of Mathematics, Ateneo de Manila University) |
| Abstract: | In devolved governments like the Philippines, local government units (LGUs) must be engaged to develop and coordinate responses to tackle the multisectoral problem of childhood undernutrition. However, current Philippine nutrition interventions, such as school feeding programs (SFPs) generally rely on the national government or private sector, to mixed results. The central-kitchen SFP-model was developed by 2 Philippine non-government organizations and facilitated large-scale feeding through community multisectoral action. This paper evaluated the model’s impact in 1 urban-city and 1 rural-province using data from 24-hour dietary recalls with 308 rural and 310 urban public-school students and household surveys with their caregivers. Enabling factors were explored in focus-group discussions with 160 multisector participants and implementers, and a review of official documents. The program had greater impact on rural beneficiaries and improved dietary habits and school participation in both sites, though menu modifications could increase program impact. The locally-led-and-operated central kitchens were a multisectoral investment that served as a scaffold for other health, education, and social-welfare interventions. Program sustainability was attributed to affording communities agency to operate and modify the model according to local needs, embed volunteer pools in social networks, and organize demand for related services from their LGU. Public participation in local policymaking compelled LGUs to rally non-health sectors to address non-health determinants of undernutrition. Operations were sustained despite political leadership changes through formal and informal accountability mechanisms and transparent monitoring and evaluation across sectors. The model demonstrated empowering civil society can hold local governments accountable for multisectoral action in decentralized settings. Future interventions should also focus on educating local leaders, as their knowledge of the relevance of holistic health interventions was a necessary precondition that motivated their stewardship and coordination of different government sectors. |
| Keywords: | community-led central kitchen model, school feeding program, childhood nutrition |
| JEL: | H75 I18 |
| Date: | 2021–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:agy:dpaper:202102&r= |
| By: | A. Ford Ramsey; Barry Goodwin; Mildred Haley |
| Abstract: | Food manufacturing and processing is an important link between agricultural producers and consumers in the agricultural supply chain. The food manufacturing sector in the United States is both increasingly mechanized and increasingly concentrated. Consequently, labor risks in food manufacturing have changed over time with changes in industry structure. Labor risks were highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic - particularly in the animal slaughtering and processing industry - where labor-driven disruptions resulted in temporary plant closures. We use county-level data on employment in food manufacturing and dynamic panel models estimated via generalized method of moments to examine employment and wage dynamics in the food manufacturing sector and animal processing industry. We then compare forecasts from the estimated models with changes in food manufacturing and animal processing employment and wages during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results provide insight into the role of operational and disruption risks in food manufacturing. We find significant delays in adjustment to employment and quicker adjustment in wages. Although there is an unanticipated drop in employment in food manufacturing and animal processing in April of 2020, employment returned to predicted levels within two to three months. The response of wages and employment to the COVID-19 pandemic suggest a degree of resilience in food supply chains. |
| JEL: | J2 L66 |
| Date: | 2021–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:28896&r= |
| By: | Pawłowska, Aleksandra; Jaroszewska, Joanna |
| Abstract: | In the case of all farms, the issue of profitability achieved is crucial. The effectiveness of production factors involved, including labour, shapes income in agriculture to a large extent. Thus, the increase in the productivity of the labour factor determines the increase in the labour profitability. On the grounds of classical microeconomic relationships, it can be pointed out that the increase in farm income, which is the remuneration of the labour factor, can take place, ceteris paribus, with the increase in production. Assuming the permanence of labour factor inputs in the long term, the source of production growth should, in turn, be the increase in the labour productivity. The objective of the paper is to identify differences in the impact of labour productivity on farm income, with the dominance of family labour force and on farms with a dominance of paid labour force in Poland. The results presented may serve as a basis for concluding on the income situation of farms depending on the type of labour factor involved. The study will use the FADN data from 2009-2015 for Polish farms. The impact of labour productivity on farm income will be analysed using the propensity score matching method |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Labor and Human Capital |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iafepa:311220&r= |
| By: | Grilli, Gianluca; Curtis, John; Hynes, Stephen |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:esr:wpaper:rb202108&r= |
| By: | Sinha, Avik; Mishra, Shekhar; Sharif, Arshian; Yarovaya, Larisa |
| Abstract: | Striving to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), countries are increasingly embracing a sustainable financing mechanism via green bond financing. Green bonds have attracted the attention of the industrial sector and policymakers, however, the impact of green bond financing on environmental and social sustainability has not been yet been confirmed. There is no empirical evidence on how this financial product can contribute to achieving the goals set out in Agenda 2030. In this study, we empirically analyze the impact of green bond financing on environmental and social sustainability by considering the S&P 500 Global Green Bond Index and S&P 500 Environmental and Social Responsibility Index, from 1st October 2010 to 31st July 2020 using a combination of advanced quantile modelling approaches. Our results reveal that green financing mechanisms might have gradual negative transformational impacts on environmental and social responsibility. Furthermore, we attempt to design a policy framework to address the relevant SDG’s objectives. |
| Keywords: | green financing; green bonds; Agenda 2030; environmental and social responsibility, wavelet, quantile |
| JEL: | Q5 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:108150&r= |
| By: | Soliwoda, Michał; Wieliczko, Barbara; Kulawik, Jacek |
| Abstract: | The circular economy is becoming an increasingly discussed concept being an alternative to the current model of economy based on the unsustainable constant growth built on the unlimited use of resources. The objective of the study will be to outline the circular economy concept with the presentation of attempts to operationalise it from the point of view of the sustainability of agriculture and the whole food sector. We verified a research thesis that the circular economy is one of several concepts enriching and probably likely to replace the EU agricultural and food sector sustainability in the future. An eclectic approach has been applied, using the method of literature studies, documentation method and elements of heuristic methods. The paper is a review study. Formally, the CE is to constitute a superstructure for the CAP and sustainability practised within it, more and more schematic and fossilised. The basis for enhancing the sustainability, improving the efficiency and competitiveness of the EU agriculture and the whole food should be, in the first place, broadly understood innovation and creativity. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iafepa:311214&r= |
| By: | Błąd, Marta |
| Abstract: | The purpose of the article is to present the state and changes in the pluriactivity of farming families in Poland in the years 2013-2016. The analysis was based on data from the representative farm structure survey (FSS) to which every EU country is required. Its results are as follows: 1) in 2016, only 1.3% of people were pluriactive, while in 2013 this percentage amounted to 31.5%; 2) the diversification of activities other than agriculture, but directly related to an agricultural holding is still carried out by a relatively small percentage of holdings: in 2016 it amounted to 2.9%; 3) over half of households with a farm user obtained income from wage labour (the most popular form of work outside a farm, as in the years 2005-2010) in addition to income from agricultural activity. The most surprising change was an increase of more than half a million persons engaged only in agriculture and a decrease of more than a million of pluriactive persons, and thus an interruption of the multiannual ratio of pluriactive persons in relation to persons engaged only in agriculture, which was 1:3. Possible reasons for this may be the following aspects: a decrease in the number of farms, including farms up to 1 ha, with the largest number of pluriactive persons, return to specialisation, phenomenon of repeasantisation, possible impact of the 500+ programme on abandoning non-agricultural works and finally the possibility of a statistical error in 2016 studies (another study, BAEL, does not show a decrease in the importance of pluriactivity). The matter is important, because the FSS is a source of official national data for EU statistics. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Farm Management |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iafepa:311229&r= |
| By: | Mukashov, Askar; Henning, Christian H. C. A.; Robertson, Richard; Wiebelt, Manfred |
| Abstract: | With increasing evidence that rural households in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) opt for deagrarianization as an adaptation strategy to climate change, it is becoming important to understand the role of Global Climate Change (GCC) in ongoing structural transformation processes in these countries. We use Senegal as a case study country and analyze how various GCC scenarios affect the country's economic sectors, households' welfare, and structural transformation patterns. Our simulation results suggest that GCC can increase the country's deagrarianization pace, with industrial and service sectors in the capital Dakar being the most important destinations of the former agricultural labor force. Although unplanned urbanization smoothes the overall negative impact of GCC and decreases spatial income disparities, uncontrolled deagrarianization is also associated with negative externalities. Previous growth-focused studies suggest that services partaking in Senegal's deagrarianization can hamper its long-term growth prospects, and our results suggest that productivity increase of services can redirect part of the former agricultural labor force towards industrial sectors. |
| Keywords: | CGE modeling,climate change,deagrarianization,urbanization |
| JEL: | D58 C68 Q54 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifwkwp:2187&r= |
| By: | Anna Lungarska (ECO-PUB - Economie Publique - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Raja Chakir (ECO-PUB - Economie Publique - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Nosra Ben Fradj (ECO-PUB - Economie Publique - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Pierre Alain Jayet (ECO-PUB - Economie Publique - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Laure Bamière (ECO-PUB - Economie Publique - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Ancuta Isbasoiu (ECO-PUB - Economie Publique - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Maxime Ollier (ECO-PUB - Economie Publique - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Eva Gossiaux (ECO-PUB - Economie Publique - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Ines Chiadmi (ECO-PUB - Economie Publique - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Stéphane de Cara (ECO-PUB - Economie Publique - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Salomé Kahindo (ECO-PUB - Economie Publique - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Taking into account interactions in many ways between agricultural and animal production activities lead to proposing an agro-economic model of integration capable of restoring its complexity. Greenhouse gas emissions other than carbon dioxide, variability in livestock feed produced on farms or in industry, mineral and organic nitrogen inputs for crops are all examples of these interactions that the AROPAj model helps to assess and analyze in different economic and climatic contexts. This article provides a short and partial summary of what has been published, with an opening to current research. |
| Abstract: | La prise en compte des interactions à de nombreux titres entre activités de production agricole et animale conduisent à proposer un modèle agro-économique d'intégration capable d'en restituer la complexité. Les émissions de gaz à effet de serre autres que le dioxyde de carbone, la variabilité des aliments du bétail produits sur la ferme ou dans l'industrie, les apports d'azote minéral et organique pour les cultures sont autant d'exemple de ces interactions que le modèle AROPAj contribue à évaluer et analyser dans différents contextes économique et climatique. Cet article fait une synthèse courte et partielle de ce qui a été publié, avec une ouverture sur les recherches en cours. |
| Keywords: | Animal and plant interactions,Agro-economic modeling,Agriculture-environment relationship,Modélisation agro-économique,Relations agriculture- environnement,Interactions animales et végétales |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03161714&r= |
| By: | Steves, Alexander; Cho, Clare; Metin, Çakır; Kong, Xiangwen; Boland, Michael |
| Abstract: | In this report, we examine the landscape of food retailers across the contiguous United States, with a focus on rural America and grocery stores. Changes in food retailers have raised concerns about food access and have led Federal policymakers to introduce several pieces of legislation to improve access to healthy foods, such as the Healthy Food Financing Initiative. We use the National Establishment Time Series (NETS) dataset to create a more complete picture of food retailers, while using store-level information to examine sales and employment, and to distinguish between national, regional, and local chains and single location stores. We find that in rural and urban nonmetro counties, grocery stores outnumbered other forms of food retailers, but that grocery stores declined from 1990 to 2015 while dollar stores and supercenters increased steadily. We also found that although single location grocery stores outnumbered chains in 2015, they have been decreasing throughout this period, resulting in single location grocery stores as a share of food retailers decreasing from 87 to 82 percent. |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development, Industrial Organization, Marketing, Public Economics, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2021–06–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usdami:311337&r= |
| By: | Rabbitt, Matthew P.; Smith, Michael D. |
| Abstract: | This report documents the extent and severity of food insecurity among working-age veterans, ages 18–64, who made up 76 percent of the United States’ veteran population in 2019. Food insecurity occurs when individuals have limited or uncertain access to enough food because they lack economic resources. In 2015–19, 11.1 percent of working-age veterans lived in food-insecure households, and 5.3 percent lived in households with very low food security, the most severe range of food insecurity where households report reductions in food intake. Food insecurity varies among working-age veteran subpop-ulations defined by age, area of residence, disability status, educational attainment, gender, geographic region, household composition, income, labor force participation status, race and ethnicity, and military service history. The report compares food insecurity among working-age veterans and nonveterans to examine the association between military service and food insecurity. After adjusting for observable differences between working-age veterans and nonveterans, we find veterans are 7.4 percent more likely to live in a food-insecure household. |
| Keywords: | Consumer/Household Economics, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty, Health Economics and Policy, Public Economics |
| Date: | 2021–05–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usdami:311332&r= |
| By: | Jotham Akaka (LEE & Department of Economics, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain); Aurora García-Gallego (LEE & Department of Economics, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain); Nikolaos Georgantzís (WSB Lab and School of Wine and Spirits Business, Burgundy School of Business, Dijon, France and LEE and Department of Economics, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain); Jean-Christian Tisserand (School of Wine and Spirits Business, Burgundy School of Business, Dijon, France) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the determinants of trust and adoption of Decision Support Systems (DSS) among farmers in the European Union. The main interest is the role played by the characteristics of farms and farmers in the decision to use a DSS for pesticide management. A questionnaire was distributed among farmers in 12 European countries to elicit several personal as well as farm-specific characteristics relevant to the adoption of DSS. The data reveals that farm size, the type of farm, and the farmer’s willingness to pay are predictors of the decision’s farmer of using a DSS. Specifically, larger farms and farms specialized in the production of vegetables are more likely to use a DSS for pest management. Moreover, it is found that the type of communication (proxied by advertising and product demonstrations) a farmer has been exposed to and the type of farm, have a significant impact on farmers’ trust in DSS. Interestingly, being exposed to demonstration sessions has a positive effect on using DSS, while advertising has a negative impact. Biodynamic and integrated farms show a significantly higher level of trust in DSS. These results suggest avenues for enhancing adoption rates. |
| Keywords: | Agriculture; Decision Support Systems, Integrated Pesticide Management |
| JEL: | D9 Q1 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jau:wpaper:2021/08&r= |
| By: | Zieliński, Marek; Sobierajewska, Jolanta |
| Abstract: | The study shows a comparative analysis of areas (communes) with a varying level of saturation with high nature value utilised agricultural area (HNV UAA) and assessed the functioning of farms from these areas in Poland. Firstly, three groups of communes differing in terms of the share of HNV UAA in the total area were identified. The first group were communes with the share of HNV UAA in the total area amounting to less than 10% (1st group communes), the second – communes with the share of HNV UAA equal to or higher than 10% and lower than 40% (2nd group communes), and the third – communes with the share of HNV UAA of at least 40% (3rd group communes). In these communes, the assessment covered the average number of farms along with their average UAA, percentage (%) of communes with farms having the average UAA equal to or higher than the Polish average, as well as the change in % in the population and the share in % in the communes where the population decreased by at least 5% in 2004-2017 and their average agricultural production area valorisation index (APAV). Then, the assessment of functioning covered 2878 farms with crop, livestock and mixed (crop and livestock) production from those communes which have continuously kept accounts for the Polish FADN system in 2014- -2016. This assessment took account of their production potential, production organisation, land and labour productivity and income per 1 FWU. The study used the data from the Agency for Restructuring and Modernisation of Agriculture (ARiMR), the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation State Research Institute (IUNG-PIB), data from farms keeping accounts for the Polish FADN in 2014-2016 as well as literature data. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Farm Management |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iafepa:311223&r= |
| By: | C. Diagne (ESE - Ecologie Systématique et Evolution - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); B. Leroy (BOREA - Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - MNHN - Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - SU - Sorbonne Université - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UA - Université des Antilles); Rodolphe Gozlan (UMR ISEM - Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EPHE - École pratique des hautes études - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - UM - Université de Montpellier - Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226 - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); A.-C. Vaissière (ESE - Ecologie Systématique et Evolution - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); C. Assailly (ESE - Ecologie Systématique et Evolution - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); L. Nuninger (ESE - Ecologie Systématique et Evolution - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); David Roiz (MIVEGEC - Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle - IRD [France-Sud] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier); Frédéric Jourdain (MIVEGEC - Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle - IRD [France-Sud] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier); I. Jarić (BIOLOGY CENTRE CAS - Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences - CAS - Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague]); F. Courchamp (ESE - Ecologie Systématique et Evolution - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Biological invasions are responsible for tremendous impacts globally, including huge economic losses and management expenditures. Efficiently mitigating this major driver of global change requires the improvement of public awareness and policy regarding its substantial impacts on our socio-ecosystems. One option to contribute to this overall objective is to inform people on the economic costs linked to these impacts; however, until now, a reliable synthesis of invasion costs has never been produced at a global scale. Here, we introduce InvaCost as the most up-to-date, comprehensive, harmonised and robust compilation and description of economic cost estimates associated with biological invasions worldwide. We have developed a systematic, standardised methodology to collect information from peer-reviewed articles and grey literature, while ensuring data validity and method repeatability for further transparent inputs. Our manuscript presents the methodology and tools used to build and populate this living and publicly available database. InvaCost provides an essential basis (2419 cost estimates currently compiled) for worldwide research, management efforts and, ultimately, for data-driven and evidence-based policymaking. |
| Date: | 2020–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03085161&r= |
| By: | Dimitri Dubois (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - UMR 5211 - UM - Université de Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Stefano Farolfi (UMR G-EAU - Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - AgroParisTech - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Cirad-ES - Département Environnements et Sociétés - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Phu Nguyen-Van (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - UL - Université de Lorraine - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Juliette Rouchier (LAMSADE - Laboratoire d'analyse et modélisation de systèmes pour l'aide à la décision - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | This paper experimentally investigates the impact of different information sharing mechanisms in a common-pool resource game, with a view to finding a mechanism that is both efficient and inexpensive for the managing agency. More precisely, we compare the observed extraction levels produced as a result of three mechanisms: a mandatory information sharing mechanism and two voluntary information sharing mechanisms that differ in the degree of freedom given to the players. Our main result is that a voluntary information sharing mechanism could help in reaching a lower average extraction level than that observed with the mandatory mechanism. |
| Date: | 2020–11–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-03024197&r= |
| By: | Michael Lüken (International School of Economics at Tbilisi State University (ISET), Tbilisi, Georgia); Zurab Abramishvili (International School of Economics at Tbilisi State University (ISET), Tbilisi, Georgia); Norberto Pignatti (International School of Economics at Tbilisi State University (ISET), Tbilisi; IZA) |
| Abstract: | Tackling human-made Climate Change is among the main global challenges today and in the coming decades. Due to the interdisciplinary structure of the topic, the integration of Climate Change into the relevant higher education programs still lags behind. Online teaching resources such as Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) might contribute significantly to overcoming this deficiency. In this paper, we describe the design of a class in “Climate Change Economics†and how we implemented it in a BA program at the International School of Economics at Tbilisi State University (ISET) in Tbilisi (Georgia). Our main focus is the integration of a MOOC on Climate Change and further online material as main teaching resources. Our main conclusion is that the MOOC, supplemented with videos on special topics, is a suitable tool to facilitate an interdisciplinary introduction into Climate Change within an academic class in, e.g., Economics. The results of our evaluation show that online resources are highly motivational for students and encourage an efficient studying process. Based on our experiences, we offer recommendations for further strengthening Climate Change as a topic in higher education. We provide suggestions on how online resources such as MOOCs might contribute to that aim. |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tbs:wpaper:21-004&r= |