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on Agricultural Economics |
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Issue of 2021‒03‒29
twenty-six papers chosen by |
| By: | Antoine Leblois (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - UMR 5211 - UM - Université de Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Land use changes are known to account for over 20% of human greenhouse gas emissions andtree cover losses can significantly influence land-climate dynamics. Land-climate feedbacks havebeen identified and evaluated for a long time. However, in addition to the direct effect of climatechange on forest biomes, recent sparse evidence has shown that land use changes may increaseas a result of weather shocks. In Western and Central Africa, agriculture is the main source ofincome and employment for rural populations. Economies rely on agricultural production, whichis largely rainfed, and therefore dependent predominantly upon seasonal rainfall. In this article,I explore the impact of seasonal rainfall quality on deforestation, by combining high-resolutionremotely-sensed annual tree cover loss, land cover, human activity and daily rainfall data. Ishow that in poor regions that are mainly reliant on rainfed agriculture, a bad rainy season leadsto large deforestation shocks. These shocks notably depend on the proportion of agriculturalland and on the remoteness of the areas in question, as remoteness determines the ability toimport food and the existence of alternative income sources. In areas with significant forestcover, a short rainfall season leads to a 15% increase in deforestation. In unconnected areaswith small proportions of crop area, the increase in deforestation reaches 20%. Findings suggestthat a refined understanding of the land use changes caused by rainfall shocks might be used toimprove the design and effectiveness of development, adaptation and conservation policies |
| Keywords: | deforestation,rainfall shocks,West Africa |
| Date: | 2021–01–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03111007&r=all |
| By: | Margherita Comola (University Paris-Saclay and Paris School of Economics); Carla Inguaggiato (University of Bern, Centre for Development and Environment); Mariapia Mendola (University of Milano{Bicocca and IZA) |
| Abstract: | We study the role of social learning in the diffusion of cash crops in a resettled village economy in northeastern Brazil. We combine detailed geo-coded data on farming plots with dyadic data on social ties among settlers, and we leverage natural exogenous variation in network formation induced by the land occupation movement and the agrarian reform. By using longitudinal data on farming decisions over 15 years we find consistent evidence of significant peer effects in the decision to farm new cash fruits (pineapple and passion fruit). Our results suggest that social diffusion is heterogeneous along observed plot and crop characteristics, i.e. farmers growing water-sensitive crop are more likely to respond to the actions of peers with similar water access conditions. |
| Keywords: | Technology Adoption, Agrarian Reform, Social Networks, Peer Effects, Brazil |
| JEL: | C45 D85 J15 O33 Q15 |
| Date: | 2021–02–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:csl:devewp:468&r=all |
| By: | Rita Jalkh (UMR ART-Dev - Acteurs, Ressources et Territoires dans le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - UM - Université de Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes); Marc Dedeire (UMR ART-Dev - Acteurs, Ressources et Territoires dans le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - UM - Université de Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Melanie Requier Desjardins (CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes) |
| Abstract: | Economic development approaches are increasingly entailing local geographic scales and encouraging the mobilization and organization of territorial actors given local conditions and resources. Lebanon is a country facing frequent uncertainty with recent economic and social difficulties. Its popular cuisine may play a key role in its development and that of its rural space. In fact, that cuisine incorporates a traditional cultural practice called "Mouneh" which consists of preserved pantry foods, historically used to ensure household nutrition. Today, rural food cooperatives are engaging in that practice using agricultural produce from local farmers and are employing women. Despite strong internal and external challenges, they remain attractive actors as their principles of collective benefit, participation and democracy form a strong link with sustainable development goals. This study transversally analyzes the status of food cooperatives in a major agricultural region in Lebanon, the Bekaa valley. Findings mainly quantified size and production and provided a mapped representation of the spatial dependencies on local farmers versus urban markets for trade. With 75% women members and firm reputation in authenticity, food cooperatives in the Bekaa specifically and Lebanon generally are also extensively supported by donors but are being labeled as donor-dependent. Yet, cooperatives are localized in a largely agricultural territory with sufficient evidence of differentiation that could potentially be valorized. Hence, with optimal framing, regulation and networking of cooperatives, one can assume a protection of culinary heritage is possible with scalable contribution to food security and needed local development given major recent setbacks. |
| Keywords: | Cooperatives,Lebanon,Bekaa valley,Sustainable development goals |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03137540&r=all |
| By: | Gonzalo, Jesús; Gadea Rivas, María Dolores |
| Abstract: | Professor Dolado has developed much of his professional career in three cities: Zaragoza, Oxford and Madrid. This fact, together with the recent appearance of literature relating climate with human behavior, has inspired us to analyze a set of relevant climate change issues linked to these areas, particularly any possible heterogeneity. The novel methodology proposed in Gadea and Gonzalo (2020a) for analyzing a wide range of characteristics of the temperature distribution (converting them into time series objects), instead of focusing solely on the mean, allows us to carry out this analysis . Using this methodology, we can identify local warming patterns within the global warming phenomenon of different types and intensities. The results show that there is a clear warming process in the three areas. The two Spanish cities (Zaragoza and Madrid) have many similarities but Oxford fits into a different type of warming category. The former are characterized by higher trends in the upper quantiles than in the lower, an increase in dispersion, acceleration and an upper amplification with respect to the mean. In Oxford, the type of climate change is different, displaying higher trends in the lower quantiles, a weak negative trend in dispersion,lower amplification and a more attenuated acceleration in recent decades. There is no doubt that a better knowledge of local warming heterogeneity is recommendable for the design of more effective mitigation policies. The influence of the climate on human behavior and, specifically, on Professor Dolados personality, takes us into lesser-known regions which are left for the reader to discern. |
| Keywords: | Temperature Distributions; Quantiles; Trends; Distributional Characteristics; Functional Stochastic Processes; Local Warming; Global Warming; Climate Change |
| JEL: | Q54 C32 C31 |
| Date: | 2021–03–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cte:werepe:32200&r=all |
| By: | Akhmadiyeva, Zarema; Herzfeld, Thomas |
| Abstract: | Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan still undergo the process of establishing a land legislative system, implementing agricultural reforms that aim at increasing land productivity. The effectiveness of these reforms is often dependent on the level of law enforcement that varies in accordance with whether political elites in these countries have an interest in enacting certain reforms. As a result, legal land rights and farmers' perceptions of land rights may contradict each other and may create an uncertain and insecure environment for the farmers. Based on the findings of a farm-level survey conducted in 2019 in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, this policy brief claims that legal rights and farmers' actual farming practices do not coincide in many cases. Deviations appear in both directions: 1) farmers engage in activities which they are not allowed to be, and 2) farmers do not use all the opportunities provided by the national land legislation. These deviations indicate the ineffectiveness not only of land policies but of administrative monitoring and law enforcement mechanisms, too. Policy makers are recommended reconsidering the legal restrictions of land use in how far they are necessary to reach policy objectives. Furthermore, governments should reform the judicial system in particular enabling farmers and land users to appeal to courts for dispute resolutions in an effective, transparent, and fair manner. Finally, international donors should support future research on land rights and tenure security to improve policy design. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Land Economics/Use |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iamopb:310044&r=all |
| By: | A. Lourme-Ruiz (MoISA, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, Ciheam-IAMM, Inrae, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France); S. Dury (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, MoISA, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, Ciheam-IAMM, Inrae, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France); Y. Martin-Prével (MoISA, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, Ciheam-IAMM, Inrae, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France) |
| Abstract: | This paper assesses the relationships between women's dietary diversity and various indicators of agricultural biodiversity in farms of the Hauts-Bassins, a cotton-growing region in rural western Burkina Faso. A sample of 579 farms representative of the region was surveyed at three different periods of the year. Using a qualitative 24-hour dietary recall, we computed a women's dietary diversity score (WDDS-10) based on ten food groups. We used four crop diversity indicators: crop count (CC), Simpson's index (SI), nutritional functional diversity (NFD) and production diversity score (PDS) based on the same food groups as in the WDDS-10. We also counted the number of agroforestry tree species that provide food and the number of animal species raised. Mean WDDS-10 was low (3.4 ± 1.5 food groups) and did not vary between seasons, whereas the food groups consumed changed according to harvests. Farm production is based on cereals and cotton with low diversity (on average 2.2 +/-1.0 food groups were cultivated on each farm). Results of mixed models Agricultural biodiversity indicators and dietary diversity 2 showed that WDDS-10 is positively associated with PDS and the number of agroforestry trees species. In this area, dietary diversity of women in farming households depends on the on-farm production of nutritionally diverse crops, partly because when a crop is produced some of it is usually consumed by the members of the farm household. In addition, WDDS-10 was found to be negatively associated with cotton production when managed by male farm heads, but positively when managed by women. Our results show that assessing the relationships between WDDS-10 and agricultural biodiversity depends on how the latter is assessed. In Burkina Faso, enhancing agricultural biodiversity, especially nutrient-dense crops and agroforestry trees, could be an appropriate way to improve dietary diversity. |
| Keywords: | Cotton,Crop diversity,Agricultural biodiversity,Dietary diversity,Seasonality |
| Date: | 2021–01–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:ird-03127240&r=all |
| By: | Michèle Belot (Cornell University); Noémi Berlin (EconomiX - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Jonathan James (University of Bath [Bath]); Valeria Skafida (University of Edinburgh) |
| Abstract: | We conduct a field experiment to evaluate the extent to which dietary habits are malleable early on in childhood and later in life. We implement two treatments one that targets what people eat, the other that targets the timing and frequency of food intake. 285 low income families with young children were recruited and assigned either to a control group or one of the two treatments, each of them lasting for 12 consecutive weeks. In one treatment, families received food groceries at home for free for 12 weeks and were asked to prepare five specific healthy meals per week. In the other treatment, families were simply asked to reduce snacking and eat at regular times. We collected a range of measures of food preferences, dietary intake, as well as BMI and biomarkers based on blood samples. We find evidence that children's BMI distribution shifted significantly relative to the control group, i.e. they became relatively "thinner". We also find some evidence that their preferences have been affected by both treatments. On the other hand, we find little evidence of effects on parents. We conclude that exposure to a healthy diet and regularity of food intake possibly play a role in shaping dietary habits, but influencing dietary choices later on in life remains a major challenge. |
| Date: | 2021–03–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-03157557&r=all |
| By: | Willner, Sam (Department of Culture and Society (IKOS), History unit, Linköping University) |
| Abstract: | For several decades a lively debate has been ongoing regarding how living standards and economic inequality actually developed during the agrarian and industrial revolutions in 19th century Western Europe. This study examines rural living standards and inequality among common people in five Swedish parishes, based on circa 4,000 probate inventories in the period from 1780s to 1910s. It is probably the most comprehensive study done so far regarding wealth development of a local Swedish rural context, covering the entire 19th century, comparing and analysing the material standard of living for different socio economic groups related to the fundamental social processes taking part during the 19th century, such as the agrarian and industrial revolutions. The local design in combination with a relatively large dataset allows for more detailed analyses and controlling for more variables than is usually possible in studies on a higher geographical level. The local approach, taking into account specific contextual factors, could help to reveal relevant mechanisms affecting the development and distribution of wealth that might be hidden in studies basedon aggregate data on national level not considering regional variations.Among farmers net wealth increased stepwise during the 19th century to a large extent due to rising real estate values, while lower social classes, largely in accordance with severalprevious studies, witnessed stagnating wealth levels until the breakpoint around the1860s, whereafter material resources started to rise substantially according to the wealth estimates. Besides real estate increasing bank savings was a major factor for the improving wealth in early 20th century, but also an increasing number of movable assets, such as 2household utensils, furnitureand bed clothing, contributed to an improvement in standard of living regarding comfort and hygiene in late 19th century.Improvements in agricultural production is likely to somewhat have counteracted the negative impact from the population growth and the rising proportion of the landless population. But still until the last severe crop failure, and the onset of the great emigrationwave to the US, in late 1860s bad harvests appear to have had a temporarily negative effect on health and economic wellbeing among the labouring poor. The great US emigration reducing the supply of labour contributed to pushing wages upwards and to therising standard of living of workers in late 19th century.According to the Gini-estimates inequality culminated around mid 19thcentury between farmers and workers as well as within the different social groups, and then declined substantially in late 19thcentury, contrary to the findings from studies of national level. Simultaneously the social structure changed significantly. The numbers of traditional rural groups, particularily lower agrarian workers, declined whilst the number of industrial workers,such as paper milll workers and glass work labourers, rose sharply. It is likely that the rapid overflow of low paid rural workers to better paid industrial jobs contributed to close the economic gap between different social groups. It I obvious that thechanges in the social structure within in the landless population groups, particularly the share of low rural workers, was highly decisive for the fluctuations in inequality.The results from this study highlights the importance of regional and local studies for revealing important mechanisms affecting the development of standard of living and economic inequality in a historical perspective. |
| Keywords: | rural standard of living; wealth inequality; 19th century; Sweden; agrarian revolution; industrialization; probate inventories |
| JEL: | N33 |
| Date: | 2021–02–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:luekhi:0219&r=all |
| By: | Pascale Ertus (LEGO - Laboratoire d'Economie et de Gestion de l'Ouest - UBS - Université de Bretagne Sud - UBO - Université de Brest - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] - IBSHS - Institut Brestois des Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société - UBO - Université de Brest - UBL - Université Bretagne Loire - IMT Atlantique - IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]); Christine Petr (LEGO - Laboratoire d'Economie et de Gestion de l'Ouest - UBS - Université de Bretagne Sud - UBO - Université de Brest - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] - IBSHS - Institut Brestois des Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société - UBO - Université de Brest - UBL - Université Bretagne Loire - IMT Atlantique - IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]) |
| Abstract: | Many research pointed that consumers have difficulty in choosing their wine. The multidimensional construction of extrinsic and intrinsic attributes of quality has been shown. Studies demonstrated that senses are requested during tasting but there is no study learning the gesture of service as factor of induction of food quality. Based on experimentation of three usual wines services near to 83 subjects in blind test ; this article demonstrate the influence of esthetic dimension of gesture of service on wine quality perception. New managerial practices about the importance of gestures in trades of reception and service could be considered. |
| Abstract: | De nombreuses recherches ont pointé la difficulté des consommateurs à choisir du vin. La construction multidimensionnelle des facteurs intrinsèques et extrinsèques de la qualité du vin a été démontrée. Les sens sollicités lors de la dégustation ont également fait l'objet de recherches, mais aucune étude ne s'est encore penchée sur le geste comme facteur d'induction de la perception de la qualité des produits alimentaires. S'appuyant sur une expérimentation selon trois manières habituelles de servir du vin auprès de 83 sujets en test à l'aveugle, cet article met en évidence l'influence de la dimension esthétique du geste de service du vin sur la perception de sa qualité. Il permet de sensibiliser à de nouvelles pratiques managériales sur l'importance de la formation du personnel aux gestes dans les métiers d'accueil et de service. |
| Date: | 2021–01–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03114180&r=all |
| By: | Naser Amanzadeh (Tehran Institute for Advanced Studies, 17 East Daneshvar St.North Shirazi St., Mollasadra Blvd., Tehran, Iran.); Toshi H. Arimura (Faculty of Political Science and Economics & Research Institute for Environmental Economics and Management (RIEEM), Waseda University, 1-6-1 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8050, Japan.); Mohammad Vesal (Assistant professor of Economics,Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Ave, Tehran, Iran.); Seyed Farshad Fatemi Ardestani (Assistant professor of Economics,Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Ave, Tehran, Iran.) |
| Abstract: | Climate change has a heterogeneous effect across poor and rich households due to differences in vulnerabilities and exposure. Yet, there are very few papers that provide estimates on the magnitude of climate impact across the income distribution. In this paper, we combine 21 rounds of household expenditure and income survey from 1998 to 2018 in Iran to construct a large sample of rural and urban households. Using within district variations in temperature, we show that a one Celsius degree increase in annual temperature respectively leads to an 8.1 and 4.7 percent decrease in rural and urban per capita expenditure. We find that the impact is twice the average effect for the poorest decile. Furthermore, we provide evidence that available household resources that determine vulnerabilities play a more important role than the difference in exposure to climate change. Our findings suggest that compensatory policies should target the poorest households as poverty is a stronger determinant of impact compared to being an agricultural earner or residing in already hot areas. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Expenditure distribution, Vulnerability, Poverty |
| JEL: | Q51 Q54 Q12 I32 D31 |
| Date: | 2021–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:was:dpaper:2007&r=all |
| By: | Friedrich Schneider; Mangirdas Morkunas; Erika Quendler |
| Abstract: | This study is the first scientific attempt to calculate the size of the informal economy in agriculture. The Multiple indicators multiple causes model (MIMIC) was developed for the estimation of levels of informal economy in 15 “Old” European Union Member States’ agricultural sectors for the period of 1996-2019. The obtained results document the prevalence of higher levels of informal economy in agriculture compared to the overall economy. The impact of subsidies and farm organizations on the development of the informal economy are two important factors for these higher values in agriculture. The effects of taxation, share of import and factor income in agriculture onto the levels of the informal economy in agriculture are sizeable, too. Finally, we disaggregate the informal work into subcategories like entrepreneurial and family work. |
| Keywords: | informal economy, informal work, agriculture, MIMIC, EU-15 countries, causes for informal work |
| JEL: | Q11 Q14 Q19 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_8937&r=all |
| By: | Marit Hinnosaar |
| Abstract: | The paper estimates the causal impact of retirement on the healthiness of food purchases. The identification strategy uses early and full retirement ages as instruments for retirement. Using household-level scanner data, I find that retirement increases fruit and vegetable purchases and overall healthiness of food purchases. I also find indirect evidence that retirement increases the time spent on shopping and food preparation: it increases shopping frequency and shifts purchases to fresh and unprepared food products. This suggests that time constraints might play a role in limiting healthy food consumption. |
| Keywords: | Health behaviors, retirement, consumer behavior, dietary choice |
| JEL: | I12 L66 D12 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cca:wpaper:619&r=all |
| By: | Afsal Najeeb (Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode); Mohammed Shahid Abdulla (Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode) |
| Abstract: | The rapid decline of per capita water availability in India necessitates technology enabled solutions for provision of water for drinking, domestic uses and irrigation. The problem is particularly severe in urban centres with rapidly increasing population, depleting ground water resources and residents are forced to pay a premium for water. The paper proposes a novel mobile desalination business model that can be used to provide drinking water to communities with access to sea or brackish water sources. A need-based mobile system, it can provide up to 35 kL of drinking quality water per day at the rate of ? 0.25 per litre. It can also service alternate uses such as gardening and commercial-grade horticulture where necessary during the nonsummer months. The economic viability of the system has been analysed by considering the Return on Investment (ROI) and the Levelised Cost of Water (LOW) per litre that can be provided by the system. Environmentally sustainable operation would be ensured by conducting a Local Environmental Assessment (LEA) to quantify quality of feed and discharge streams. The model provides could provide an economic local alternative to water transported through tankers, which depletes water-table, and is a suitable small scale entrepreneurship opportunity |
| Keywords: | Business model, Desalination units, Water scarcity, Local Environmental Assessment (LEA) |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iik:wpaper:387&r=all |
| By: | Svanidze, Miranda |
| Abstract: | This doctoral thesis studies the spatial market efficiency of wheat markets in selected post-Soviet countries; particularly in Russia, the largest wheat exporting country in the world, and in the grain import-dependent countries of Central Asia and the South Caucasus. Increased grain production in the Black Sea region, and in Russia specifically, is crucial for meeting increasing global agricultural demand and global food security. Grain production in Russia could be boosted by increasing grain production efficiency and also by re-cultivating formerly abandoned agricultural land. However, to increase Russia's role in global wheat supply, additional grain production potential has to coincide with improving the country's grain export perspectives. On the other hand, the realization of Russia's export capacity largely depends on the performance of its regional grain markets domestically. Using price transmission and panel data analyses in a comparative context, this study finds the wheat market of Russia segmented, with the primary wheat export region poorly integrated into the domestic market. This thesis also demonstrates that regional wheat market integration in Russia is relatively low and heterogeneous and trade costs are relatively high compared to the USA, mostly due to large distances between grain producing regions. In addition, by including the USA as benchmark country, a comparative approach enables a more comprehensive assessment of the spatial market efficiency of the wheat market in Russia. The results also provide evidence on the dissimilarity of the underlying fundamental mechanism of market integration between Russia and the USA. In Russia, the physical trade of wheat mainly fosters market integration at the interregional level, whereas in the USA, in addition to physical trade, information flows induced by commodity futures markets play a major role in the regional grain market integration. (...) |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries, Food Security and Poverty, International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iamost:310043&r=all |
| By: | OECD |
| Abstract: | Countries are increasingly using digital technologies within their Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) systems and the disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic are accelerating this evolution. While countries are increasing their use of digital tools, digital technologies still have significant potential to create efficiencies in SPS systems and enhance agro-food trade. Quantitative analysis using structural gravity model estimates show that digital technologies such as SPS electronic certificates have positive effects on trade volumes, notably for plant-based, vegetables and processed food products. Despite these gains, significant challenges remain in expanding the use of digital technologies in agro-food trade, including mixed capacities to adopt these technologies. Successful expansion of the use of digital technologies requires careful planning and long-term investments, as well as sharing expertise and building trust in these tools. Targeted financial assistance and capacity building can provide support to countries currently lacking the capabilities to adopt these tools. |
| Keywords: | Agriculture and food standards, COVID-19, Digitilisation, Gravity estimation, Market access |
| JEL: | F13 F66 J16 |
| Date: | 2021–03–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:agraaa:152-en&r=all |
| By: | Louis-Gaëtan Giraudet (ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech); Bénédicte Apouey (PSE - Paris School of Economics - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - ENS Paris - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Hazem Arab (UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne); Simon Baeckelandt (Université de Lille); Philippe Begout; Nicolas Berghmans (IDDRI - Institut du Développement Durable et des Relations Internationales - Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Paris); Nathalie Blanc (CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Jean-Yves Boulin (Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres, IRISSO - Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Sciences Sociales - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Eric Buge (Assemblée Nationale); Dimitri Courant (UNIL - Université de Lausanne); Amy Dahan (CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Adrien Fabre (ETH Zürich - Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich]); Jean-Michel Fourniau (Université Gustave Eiffel); Maxime Gaborit (Université Saint-Louis - Bruxelles); Laurence Granchamp (CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Hélène Guillemot (CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Laurent Jeanpierre (UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne); Hélène Landemore (Yale University [New Haven]); Jean-François Laslier (PSE - Paris School of Economics - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - ENS Paris - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Antonin Macé (PSE - Paris School of Economics - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - ENS Paris - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Claire Mellier- Wilson (Cardiff University); Sylvain Mounier; Théophile Pénigaud (ENS Lyon - École normale supérieure - Lyon); Ana Povoas (ULB - Université libre de Bruxelles); Christiane Rafidinarivo (UR - Université de La Réunion); Bernard Reber (CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Romane Rozencwajg (UP8 - Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis); Philippe Stamenkovic; Selma Tilikete (UP8 - Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis); Solène Tournus (CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Citizens' assemblies are gaining traction as a means to address complex issues such as climate change. We report on our unique experience in observing debates among the 150 members of the French Citizens' Convention for Climate and highlight its implications for both climate action and the science of deliberation. We note that France took an original approach characterized by (i) sustained interactions between citizens and the steering board; (ii) a significant input from technical and legal experts; (iii) and a strong emphasis on creating consensus, leaving little room for expressing dissent. This resulted in the citizens approving 149 measures, 146 of which President Macron committed to follow up on. Yet as implementation is now under discussion, the promise that measures would pass "unfiltered" appears increasingly questioned. |
| Date: | 2021–01–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-03119539&r=all |
| By: | Angela R. Fertig; Xuyang Tang; Heather M. Dahlen |
| Abstract: | This study pilot-tested combining financial incentives to purchase fruits and vegetables with nutrition education focused on cooking to increase the consumption of fruits and vegetables and improve attitudes around healthy eating on a budget among low-income adults. |
| Keywords: | Nutrition education , Cooking , Financial incentives , Fruit and vegetable consumption |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mpr:mprres:42bf50e4f62c4787912d3af3c54290b8&r=all |
| By: | Stephan Marette (Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); John Beghin (Yeutter Institute of International Trade and Finance); Anne-Célia Disdier (PSE - Paris School of Economics - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - ENS Paris - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS Paris - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Eliza Mojduszka (USDA - United States Department of Agriculture) |
| Abstract: | New Plant Engineering Techniques (NPETs) have path-breaking potential to improve foods by strengthening their production, increasing resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and by bettering their appearance and nutritional quality. Can NPETs-based foods succeed in the marketplace? Providing answers to this question, we first develop a simple economic model for R&D investment in food innovations based on NPETs and traditional hybridization methods, to identify which technology emerges under various parameter characterizations and associated economic welfare outcomes. The framework combines the cost of food innovation with consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) for the new food, highlighting the uncertain and costly nature of R&D processes as well as the role of consumer acceptance of technology, and the cost of ignorance, and regret, if consumers are not fully informed on the technology used to generate the new food. We then apply the framework to a case of NPETs-based new apples using recently elicited WTP of French and US consumers. Our simulation results suggest that NPETs may be socially beneficial under full information, and when the probability of success under NPETs is significantly higher than under traditional hybridization. Otherwise, the innovation based on traditional hybridization is socially optimal. A probable collapse of conventional apples raises the social desirability of new apples generated by NPETs and traditional hybridization. |
| Keywords: | New plant engineering techniques (NPETs),Gene editing (GE),Consumer information,Willingness to pay,Food innovation,Industrial organization,Apple |
| Date: | 2021–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:psewpa:halshs-03167477&r=all |
| By: | Céline de Quatrebarbes (FERDI - Fondation pour les Etudes et Recherches sur le Développement International); Bertrand Laporte (CERDI - Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur le Développement International - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne); Stéphane Calipel (CERDI - Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur le Développement International - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne) |
| Abstract: | As happened in West Africa in 2008, in an imported inflation context, it is common for the governments to take short-term tax action to protect the poor: VAT or trade tariffs exemptions. As part of the tax-tariff transition, the comparison between Trade tariffs and VAT has already been the subject of much works. The introduction of VAT, as a tax on final consumption, is supposed to be optimal, due to its economically neutral aspect for production decisions. However, some authors show that in developing countries, a large informal sector affects this result. In this paper, we use a CGE model and a micro-simulation model to compare the effects of VAT and Trade tariffs exemptions to combat rising agricultural food prices. |
| Keywords: | computable general equilibrium model,imperfect competition,indirect taxes,poverty,Niger |
| Date: | 2021–03–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-03164636&r=all |
| By: | juana, andi |
| Abstract: | Qualitative research type through phenomenological approach, as for the results of research shows that the potential of marketing development of traditional food business still needs to be improved both in terms of quality, management, availability of capital, raw materials and resources, although many traditional food products are trying to be modified, but in reality the majority of people are looking for authenticity of the food that is generally still made in the deepening area that is still made manually ( traditional) , for there has been an effort from the government and community components to continue to preserve and develop the traditional food market. |
| Date: | 2021–03–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:vy8k3&r=all |
| By: | Aliaga Lordemann, Javier; Mora-García, Claudio; Mulder, Nanno |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes the determinants of arabica green coffee prices in Latin American countries using a time series analysis and panel data methods. For this purpose, we construct a panel of different coffee prices: Coffee Organization (ICO) composite prices for Brazilian Naturals, Colombian Milds, and Other Milds; prices paid by the Federación Nacional de Cafeteros de Colombia (FNC) to coffee growers; and farm gate prices by country. The results show that the Brazilian Real to USD real exchange rate, inflation, and rain in January affect prices positively. In contrast, green coffee inventories, the oil price, and the Colombian Peso to USD real exchange rate negatively affect coffee prices. |
| Keywords: | CAFE, PRECIOS, COMERCIO INTERNACIONAL, MERCADOS, MODELOS ECONOMETRICOS, COFFEE, PRICES, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, MARKETS, ECONOMETRIC MODELS |
| Date: | 2021–03–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:46729&r=all |
| By: | Dahlan, Hadi Akbar |
| Abstract: | This paper presents an argument to call for more focus in food technology innovation in food policy. Failed food policy had bring devastated results. Some examples of failed food policy can be seen through three famine cases (Ireland, India and North Korea) discussed here that occurs throughout the 20th century. However, there are some themes from the previous failed policy are still implemented in current food policy. The similar themes are green revolution, sustainable intensification, dependency on importation and nutritional well-being. This paper also discuss the need to emphasize the researches on available resources to create novel food products, which is a gap on various food policies. |
| Date: | 2021–03–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:7r8sm&r=all |
| By: | Elizavetta Dorinet (ECO-PUB - Economie Publique - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, EconomiX - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Pierre-André Jouvet (EconomiX - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Julien Wolfersberger (Chaire économie du climat - Chaire économie du climat, ECO-PUB - Economie Publique - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Extractive and agricultural resources do not have the same impact on poverty reduction and can compete with each other. We examine how extractive resource windfalls affect agricultural productivity, measured as the amount of output per worker in the agricultural sector. This is important since agricultural productivity is a key element of structural transformation and poverty reduction. To do this, we exploit a panel dataset of 38 countries over 1991-2016 and construct a country-specific commodity price index that captures resource-related gains and losses in aggregate disposable income. We find that an increase in the commodity price index leads to a drop in agricultural productivity in Sub-Saharan economies. Among the possible mechanisms to explain this result, our findings highlight the lack of spillovers across sectors and the low level of agricultural investment in autocratic regimes, both related to the exploitation of extractive resources. We also find that higher agricultural productivity is positively associated with the release of workers towards manufacturing and services, confirming its importance for structural transformation. |
| Abstract: | Les ressources extractives et agricoles n'ont pas le même impact sur la réduction de la pauvreté et peuvent se faire concurrence. Nous examinons comment les gains des ressources extractives affectent la productivité agricole, mesurée par la quantité de production par travailleur dans le secteur agricole. Cet aspect est important car la productivité agricole est un élément clé de la transformation structurelle et de la réduction de la pauvreté. Pour ce faire, nous exploitons un ensemble de données de panel de 38 pays sur la période 1991-2016 et construisons un indice des prix des produits de base spécifique à chaque pays qui saisit les gains et les pertes liés aux ressources dans le revenu disponible global. Nous constatons qu'une augmentation de l'indice des prix des produits de base entraîne une baisse de la productivité agricole dans les économies subsahariennes. Parmi les mécanismes possibles pour expliquer ce résultat, nos conclusions mettent en évidence l'absence de retombées entre les secteurs et le faible niveau des investissements agricoles dans les régimes autocratiques, tous deux liés à l'exploitation des ressources extractives. Nous constatons également qu'une productivité agricole plus élevée est associée de manière positive à la libération de travailleurs vers le secteur manufacturier et les services, ce qui confirme son importance pour la transformation structurelle. |
| Keywords: | Structural transformation,Agricultural productivity,Natural resource curse,Sub-Saharan Africa,Productivité agricole,Transformation structurelle,Ressource naturelle,Afrique sub saharienne |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03036437&r=all |
| By: | Mechthild Donner (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Ivana Radić (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Considering the large amounts of harmful waste produced in the Mediterranean olive sector, entrepreneurial initiatives creating value from olive waste and by-products via circular bio-economy approaches are reviewed. These circular business models aim to enhance the functionality use of olive trees beyond traditional patterns for value creation. The study focuses on business drivers and value creation mechanisms, and specifically on conversion pathways of olive waste towards new value propositions. In total, 41 cases are analyzed mainly according to the Business Model Canvas components with NVivo, based on data gathered from an extensive online search mainly of company websites and reports, online articles, research project reports, professional websites, and newsletters. Results indicate that some innovative businesses have emerged specializing in the domain of olive waste valorization, driven by environmental concerns and mainly focusing on bioenergy production. However, the overall olive biomass potential yet seems to be under-valorized. A more radical and systemic change will be needed for effective implementation of circular business models contributing to sustainable development in the Mediterranean olive sector, with adequate subsidies, common regulations, more collective actions for creating economies of scale, and marketing strategies to increase consumer awareness for bio-based products. |
| Keywords: | circular economy,bioeconomy,business models,olive waste and by-products,sustainability,Mediterranean region |
| Date: | 2021–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03158870&r=all |
| By: | Roy, Chandan; Roy Mukherjee, Sanchari |
| Abstract: | Sericulture is a women intensive sector where 60% of the workers are either family workers or hired female workers. Productive skill makes the presence of women invincible both in pre and post cocoon sectors. This larger participation is expected to raise their level of empowerment too. Higher level of empowerment is expected to induce the woman to usher improved productive technology. However field survey in Malda districts of West Bengal reveals a complete bleak picture. Neither productivity level, nor the empowerment level have reached the desired level, which calls for an immediate intervention and revision of policies. |
| Keywords: | Sericulture, Productivity, Empowerment, Malda, West Bengal.; Sericulture, Productivity, Empowerment, Malda, West Bengal. |
| JEL: | I15 J16 J24 O13 |
| Date: | 2020–07–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:106728&r=all |
| By: | Trofimov, Ivan D. |
| Abstract: | The previous research tended to examine the effects of the real exchange rate changes on the agricultural trade balance and specifically the J-curve effect (deterioration of the trade balance followed by its improvement) in the developed economies and rarely in the developing ones. In this paper we address this omission and consider the J-curve hypothesis in four South East Asian economies (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand) over the 1980-2017 period. We employ the linear autoregressive distributed lags (ARDL) model that captures the dynamic relationships between the variables, and additionally use the non-linear ARDL model that considers the asymmetric effects of the real exchange rate changes. The estimated models were diagnostically sound and the variables were found to be cointegrated. However, with the exceptions of Malaysia, the short- and long-run relationships did not attest to the presence of J-curve effect. The trade flows were affected asymmetrically in Malaysia and the Philippines, suggesting the appropriateness of non-linear ARDL in these countries. |
| Keywords: | J-curve; agriculture; non-linear ARDL; cointegration |
| JEL: | C22 F14 Q17 |
| Date: | 2020–12–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:106701&r=all |