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on Agricultural Economics |
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Issue of 2020‒12‒07
27 papers chosen by |
| By: | Haruna Sekabira; Shamim Nalunga (International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) |
| Abstract: | Improved food security (quantities of food available to households for consumption) and nutrition security (quality of food available to households) remain global problems. Yet, food and nutrition security are areas of strategic importance with regard to the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals. The changing global food production systems pose a threat to sustainable improved food and nutrition security. Consequently, a significant population globally remains chronically hungry. Some evidence points to market access as pivotal to enhancing food and nutrition security, whereas other evidence points to own farm production diversity. Mixed evidence creates knowledge gaps that worsen with disjointed insufficient empirical works on the global agriculture-nutrition nexus. Using national household panel survey data from Uganda, and panel regression models, we find that farm production diversity is associated with both improved food and nutrition security. We identified that markets and own farm production are two important food security pathways through which households secure their nutrition. Own farm production was associated with larger effects. Patterns by which these pathways influenced household dietary diversity were similar to those for daily energy, iron and zinc intake, except for vitamin A. We also found gender effects with regard to household nutrition security. Findings could have broader implications for several countries practising smallholder agriculture. |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aer:wpaper:396&r=all |
| By: | Lambrecht, Isabel; Ragasa, Catherine; Mahrt, Kristi; Aung, Zin Wai; Wang, Michael |
| Keywords: | MYANMAR, BURMA, SOUTHEAST ASIA, ASIA, agricultural production, rural areas, Coronavirus, coronavirus disease, Coronavirinae, irrigation, livelihoods, households, income, nutrition, cash transfers, social protection, employment, COVID-19, income loss |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:myanpn:burmese33&r=all |
| By: | Resnick, Danielle, ed.; Diao, Xinshen, ed.; Tadesse, Getaw, ed. |
| Abstract: | Sustained growth and improved governance in Africa’s agriculture sector are critical to meeting the continent’s development goals, including creating decent jobs for youth, nourishing growing cities with healthy foods, promoting resilience, and catalyzing domestic revenue mobilization. The 2020 Annual Trends and Outlook Report (ATOR) from the Regional Strategic Analysis and Knowledge Support System (ReSAKSS) focuses on the policies required to transform African agrifood systems to meet their potential. Chapters provide (1) an in-depth review of the evolution of agricultural sector policies over the last five decades; (2) a systematic analysis of traditional input constraints on agricultural productivity; (3) discussion of policies needed to bolster competitiveness along value chains; and of (4) factors that shape the broader enabling environment needed for agrifood system transformation. The report serves as the official M&E report for the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP), tracking progress on over 30 CAADP indicators. |
| Keywords: | AFRICA, AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA, CENTRAL AFRICA, EAST AFRICA, NORTH AFRICA, SOUTHERN AFRICA, WEST AFRICA, agrifood systems, policies, public policies, agriculture, seed, fertilizers, agricultural production, food systems, value chains, trade |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:synops:134121&r=all |
| By: | Zhang, Wendong |
| Abstract: | The COVID†19 pandemic is crippling the global economy and heightening distrust and political disagreements among major countries. Furthermore, ongoing deglobalization efforts taken by firms and countries are fueling the rise of economic nationalism. A prime example is the possible decoupling of US–China economic and trade relations, which the ongoing trade war has already significantly disrupted. This paper analyzes the impacts of COVID†19 on US agricultural exports to China, especially the added delays and uncertainty regarding China's food imports meeting the US–China phase one trade deal target. I present the views of US farmers and the general public toward China and argue that healthy US–China agricultural trade relations are not only critical for both countries but welcomed by US farmers. I also discuss the possible rise in nontariff barriers following the pandemic as well as trade policies that are increasingly intertwined with political tensions. Finally, I discuss how the US–China phase one trade deal could possibly lead to a more balanced bilateral agricultural trade portfolio with greater share of protein and retail food products. |
| Date: | 2020–10–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:isu:genstf:202010130700001624&r=all |
| By: | Simon Cornée (CREM - Centre de recherche en économie et management - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UR1 - Université de Rennes 1 - UNIV-RENNES - Université de Rennes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Madeg Le Guernic (CREM - Centre de recherche en économie et management - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UR1 - Université de Rennes 1 - UNIV-RENNES - Université de Rennes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Damien Rousselière (SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - AGROCAMPUS OUEST - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | This paper introduces a refined approach to conceptualising the commons in order to shed new light on cooperative practices. Specifically, it proposes the novel concept of Common-Property Assets (CPAs). CPAs are exclusively human-made resources owned under common-property ownership regimes. Our CPA model combines quantity (the flow of resource units available to members) and quality (the impact produced on the community by the members' appropriation of the resource flow). While these two dimensions are largely pre-existing in the conventional case of natural common-pool resources, they directly depend on members' collective action in CPAs. We apply this theoretical framework to farm machinery sharing agreements-a widespread grassroots cooperative phenomenon in agriculture-using a systematic literature review to generalise the findings from a sample of 54 studies published from 1950 to 2018. Our findings show that in successful CPAs, members endorse and do not deviate from a quantity-quality equilibrium that is collectively agreed upon. Despite the existence of thresholds for both quantity and quality due to (axiological) membership heterogeneity, qualitative changes in respect of the common good are possible in CPAs that promote democratic practices. Our study has potentially strong implications for developing ethics in cooperatives and the sustainable development of communities worldwide. |
| Keywords: | Ethical aspects,Farm machinery sharing cooperative arrangements,Governance of the commons |
| Date: | 2020–08–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02922732&r=all |
| By: | Benson, Todd |
| Abstract: | By increasing their production for the market and realizing greater incomes, smallholder farming households can significantly accelerate local agricultural and rural economic development. The increased income of these commercially oriented farmers increases their demand for the goods, services, and labor that can be supplied by other, often poorer, households in their community, expanding local non-farm employment opportunities and raising incomes for those other households. Appropriately targeting agricultural development efforts towards commercially oriented farming households has important second-round economic development benefits in their communities, effects which cannot be achieved without properly identifying such households. In this Policy Note, we examine both household and spatial factors that may drive participation by smallholder farming households in oilseed value chains, focusing on those for groundnut, soyabean, and sunflower. Groundnut has been an important secondary crop within many smallholder farming systems across Malawi for several generations, used both for own consumption within the household and for sale. Soyabean and sunflower are more recent introductions and are primarily grown for commercial sale by both smallholders and commercial farmers. Annual production and yield levels for these crops in recent years are shown in Table 1. |
| Keywords: | MALAWI; SOUTHERN AFRICA; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA; AFRICA; value chains; oilseeds; smallholders; agroecology; production |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:masspn:39&r=all |
| By: | Richard Sebaggala; Fred Matovu (Uganda Christian University) |
| Abstract: | Improving agricultural productivity in Uganda remains a major policy objective given the key role of agriculture in the economy. In this study we evaluate the impact of access to extension services on farm productivity. We use comprehensive baseline survey data collected for monitoring and evaluation of the Agricultural Technology and Agribusiness Advisory Services (ATAAS) project. Applying the ivtreatreg Stata command, and probit 2-stage least squares (2SLS) model that addresses the selection and endogenous bias, we found that access to extension services does not significantly improve the crop productivity of farmers. The finding is consistent with similar studies that control for selection and endogenous bias when estimating treatment effects. We argue that the insignificance of extension contact on productivity when selection and endogenous effects are addressed may reflect the inefficiency of the current extension services in improving farmers’ productivity. In conclusion, the study shows that increasing extension impact on farm productivity will require efforts to improve the quality of extension services that directly translate into productivity effects. |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aer:wpaper:379&r=all |
| By: | Carolina Corral; Xavier Gine; Aprajit Mahajan; Enrique Seira |
| Keywords: | Agriculture - Agricultural Extension Agriculture - Agricultural Sector Economics |
| Date: | 2020–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:34464&r=all |
| By: | Javier E. Baez; Varun Kshirsagar; Emmanuel Skoufias |
| Keywords: | Agriculture - Climate Change and Agriculture Health, Nutrition and Population - Early Child and Children's Health Health, Nutrition and Population - Reproductive Health Water Resources - Drought Management Poverty Reduction - Poverty, Environment and Development |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:34301&r=all |
| By: | Resnick, Danielle |
| Abstract: | Rapid urbanization in Africa south of the Sahara continues to highlight the importance of informal retailers as a source of both food and employment for the urban poor. The most recent Africa Agriculture Status Report emphasizes that, due to demographic and socioeconomic transformation in the region, the center of gravity of Africa’s food system is shifting to urban areas (AGRA, 2020). Informal retailers—including those who vend in open-air wet markets and hawk on pavements and streets—provide a critical link between agricultural producers and consumers. While the COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically highlighted the vulnerability of this constituency (Resnick et al., 2020), informal traders have long been victims of other public health, economic, and climate shocks (Battersby & Watson, 2019). To build the resilience of informal traders and enhance their contributions to urban food security, fundamental governance issues need to be addressed. This brief synthesizes research on informal traders conducted under the “Economywide Factors Affecting Agricultural Growth and Rural Transformation†flagship of the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM) led by IFPRI. The research spanned Ghana, Nigeria, Senegal, and Zambia and involved comparative analysis across capital cities based on media events data, surveys with traders, and interviews with urban bureaucrats. In this way, traders’ experiences could be complemented with policymakers’ insights about bottlenecks and opportunities for reform |
| Keywords: | AFRICA; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA; CENTRAL AFRICA; EAST AFRICA; NORTH AFRICA; SOUTHERN AFRICA; WEST AFRICA; GHANA; ZAMBIA; NIGERIA; SENEGAL; trade; governance; urbanization; urban areas; politics; taxes; markets; informal trader; food retail; informal food retail |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:othbrf:134126&r=all |
| By: | Alexandra Christina Horst; Silvia Mauri; Svetlana Edmeades; Andrea Pape-Christiansen; Frauke Jungbluth |
| Keywords: | Agriculture - Agricultural Sector Economics Agriculture - Food Security Gender - Gender and Development Poverty Reduction - Inequality Poverty Reduction - Services & Transfers to Poor |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:34404&r=all |
| By: | Alexandra Christina Horst; Silvia Mauri; Svetlana Edmeades; Andrea Pape-Christiansen; Frauke Jungbluth |
| Keywords: | Agriculture - Agricultural Sector Economics Agriculture - Food Security Gender - Gender and Development Poverty Reduction - Inequality Rural Development - Rural Labor Markets Rural Development - Rural Poverty Reduction Strategies |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:34403&r=all |
| By: | Maurice Rawlins; Stefano Pagiola; Kashif Shaad; Mahbubul Alam; Rosimeiry Portela; Srabani Roy; Derek Vollmer; Werner Kornexl |
| Keywords: | Environment - Carbon Policy and Trading Environment - Environmental Protection Environment - Forests and Forestry Environment - Natural Resources Management Environment - Tourism and Ecotourism Water Resources - Hydrology Water Resources - River Basin Management |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:34323&r=all |
| By: | Armario Benitez, Julia I.; San Juan Mesonada, Carlos |
| Abstract: | The paper focusses on the impact on dryland ecosystems of conflicting governance in the regulations of land use, water for irrigation and electric energy from photovoltaic installations(PV). The research uses the empirical results of a panel data model based on long time series that enable sensitivity of the main crops to energy cost and the viability of the solar panel system connected to the grid to be identified. We present evidence of the private and social benefits of investments in PV to improve the gross margin of farmers and decrease the carbon footprint of the irrigated areas. Relevant regional disparities in the sensitivity of the main crops explain the regional competition for low-cost water resources and the social conflicts associated with water governance. The Feed-In Tariff system for a PV system is evaluated as a tool to reach clean energy targets and preserve the populations working and living in irrigated drylands. An evaluation of the water desalination plants based on PV is analysed as an alternative to balance the hydric resources of intensive irrigated systems. The main conclusion is that coordinated regulation in energy and water policies may improve farmers' profitability and accelerate the speed in reaching environmental targets in drylands. |
| Keywords: | Regional Gross Margin; Adaptation to Climate Change; Profitability of Irrigated Crops; Fit Tariffs; Photovoltaic Systems; Irrigation |
| Date: | 2020–11–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cte:werepe:31463&r=all |
| By: | Khuc, Quy Van; Tran, Bao Quang; Nong, Duy; Nguyen, Trung H; Meyfroidt, Patrick; Tran, Trung Duc; Loomis, John; Van Pham, Dien; Leisz, Stephen Joseph; Paschke, Mark W |
| Abstract: | Vietnam’s forests have undergone major transformations since the 1990s, including a transition from net forest loss to net expansion, which is attributable to plantation forests and rehabilitated forests. Our study aimed to better understand the patterns and the causes of forest cover rehabilitation in Vietnam to expand tropical forests in other regions. We used geographic information system tools, a structural regression model and a random effects model based on official Government of Vietnam forest cover maps, and field surveys to quantify the extent of rehabilitated forests and its drivers at the local, commune, scale, in Dien Bien province, Vietnam. Results showed that around 118,000 hectares of forests were rehabilitated between 1990 and 2010. Rehabilitated forests comprised the largest share (above 84%) of total forest gain and this share increased from 1990-2000 to 2000-2010. Rehabilitated forests were associated with biophysical and accessibility conditions (elevation and road density). Expansion of rehabilitated forests was mainly driven by the presence of migration, lower population density, higher income, and the implementation of forestry policies. The empirical results offer policy implications for forest restoration practices as part of forest-based climate change mitigation programs as well as for environmental management, sustainable mountainous rural livelihood development in Vietnam and beyond. |
| Date: | 2020–09–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:79k8n&r=all |
| By: | Claridge, Jordan; Gibbs, Spike |
| Keywords: | medieval; agriculture; property rights; livestock; law; federalism |
| JEL: | N00 N01 N53 N43 N73 O13 O31 P11 P14 P16 P20 P21 Q00 Q15 |
| Date: | 2020–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:107440&r=all |
| By: | Giorgio Chiovelli; Francesco Amodio; Leonardo Baccini; Michele Di Maio |
| Abstract: | Does comparative advantage explain legislators' support for trade liberalization? We use data onpotential crop yields as determined by weather and soil characteristics to derive a new, plausiblyexogenous measure of comparative advantage in agriculture for each district in the US. Evidenceshows that comparative advantage in agriculture predicts how legislators vote on the ratificationof preferential trade agreements in Congress. We show that legislators in districts with highagricultural comparative advantage are more likely to mention that trade agreements are goodfor agriculture in House floor debates preceding roll-call votes on their ratifications. Individualsliving in the same districts are also more likely to support free trade. Our analysis and resultscontribute to the literature on the political economy of trade and its distributional consequences,and to our understanding of the economic determinants of legislators voting decisions. |
| Keywords: | Trade, Agricultural, Political Economy, Trade Agreements |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mnt:wpaper:2002&r=all |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Agriculture - Forestry Management Environment - Forests and Forestry Environment - Natural Resources Management Environment - Sustainable Land Management |
| Date: | 2020–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:34438&r=all |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Environment - Carbon Policy and Trading Environment - Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases Environment - Environmental Economics & Policies Environment - Environmental Protection Environment - Forests and Forestry |
| Date: | 2020–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:34499&r=all |
| By: | Paolo Buonanno; Elena Esposito; Giorgio Gulino |
| Abstract: | Disease and epidemics have been a constant presence throughout the history of humanity. In order to mitigate the risks of contagion, societies have long “adapted” to diseases, implementing an array of coping strategies that, in the long run, have had considerable economic and social consequences. This article advances the hypothesis, and documents empirically, that the need to alleviate the dangers of malaria shaped all aspects of life in agricultural communities, from where and how people settled, to how and what they could farm. As larger farms were better equipped to adopt these risk-mitigating strategies, centuries of exposure to malaria had important implications for inequality and wealth distribution. |
| Keywords: | land concentration, Inequality, malaria, diseases, human capital, long-run development |
| JEL: | O40 O13 O15 N30 |
| Date: | 2020–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bge:wpaper:1220&r=all |
| By: | Stein, Wiebke; Weisser, Reinhard A. |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates how witnessing adverse weather events affects individuals' perceptions and consequently their personal well-being. To identify potential exposure to a weather shock, we link satellite-based data on flooding to an extensive household panel survey from rural Southeast Asia. We find that mere proximity to a potentially adverse shock, even without reporting any actual experience of the shock, can be sufficient to reduce individual well-being levels. This effect is not only restricted to the present but can also impinge on expected future well-being dynamics. Such a persistent distortionary effect from witnessing a weather shock may also have politico-economic repercussions by, for instance, altering support for redistributive policies. |
| Keywords: | Environmental shocks; Perception; Subjective well-being; GIS data; MODIS flood mapping |
| JEL: | I31 Q51 R23 |
| Date: | 2020–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:han:dpaper:dp-678&r=all |
| By: | Daniel Cassidy (National University of Ireland, Galway); Nick Hanley (University of Glasgow) |
| Abstract: | This article examines the integration of regional Scottish grain markets from the early seventeenth century until the end of the long eighteenth century in 1815. The Scottish economy developed rapidly in this period, with expansion driven by improvements in market structures and specialisation in agricultural production. We test for price convergence and market efficiency using grain prices collected from Scotland's fiars courts' records. Our results suggest that price convergence increased across the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries but experienced a number of setbacks in times of famine and war. The civil war and Cromwellian occupation of the Scottish Lowlands in the 1640s and 1650s, the famine years of the 1690s, the American War of Independence, and the French/Napoleonic wars all caused declines in price convergence. Using a dynamic factor model, we find that market efficiency increased substantially in regional Scottish markets from the late seventeenth century. This analysis suggests that sub-national markets existed in the late seventeenth century, in the east and west of the country, but merged in the eighteenth century to form a unified national grain market. |
| Keywords: | Market integration, development, prices |
| JEL: | N13 F15 |
| Date: | 2020–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hes:wpaper:0200&r=all |
| By: | Cheng, Nieyan; Zhang, Wendong; Xiong, Tao |
| Date: | 2020–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:isu:genstf:202001010800001065&r=all |
| By: | Khuc, Quy Van; Nong, Duy; Phu, Tri Vu |
| Abstract: | To be considered one of the most dynamic cities in the world, Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam, has been facing an increasingly extreme environmental pollution. For example, in 2019, Hanoi ranked the world’s seventh most polluted capital city, which has raised serious concerns about the detrimental impacts on living environment and health of urban citizens. This study aims to examine how well urban citizens perceive, how well they take action to mitigate it, and how ready they are to contribute to reducing air pollution. A stratified sampling technique coupled with a contingent valuation and a face-to-face interview method was employed to survey 475 inhabitants who live in Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam. The results show that over two-thirds of the inhabitants surveyed are willing to pay for air environment funds and the mean value of WTP is from approximately 122.9 to 123.5 thousand VND per household per month. WTP is associated with a set of endogenous and exogenous factors including age group, level of current air pollution, income, and awareness towards environmental protection solutions. Our results reveal that urban citizens well learn about air pollution and they have a real and strong demand for reducing air pollution, which could help design a desirable policy and or solutions for improving air quality. |
| Date: | 2020–11–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:pume6&r=all |
| By: | Richard S.J. Tol (Department of Economics, University of Sussex, Falmer, United Kingdom) |
| Abstract: | Video discussion of the economic impact of weather and climate |
| Keywords: | climate change, weather shocks, impact, stochastic frontier analysis, video |
| JEL: | Q54 |
| Date: | 2020–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sus:susvid:2094&r=all |
| By: | Sadasiba Tripathy; Sandhyarani Das |
| Abstract: | In this study we investigated impact of crop diversification on socio-economic life of tribal people from eastern ghats of India. We have adopted linear regression formalism to check impact of cross diversification. We observe a positive intercept for almost all factors. Coefficient of correlation is calculated to examine the inter dependence of CDI and our various individually measured dependent variables. A positive correlation is observed in almost all factors. This study shows that a positive change occurred in their social, economic life in the post diversification era. |
| Date: | 2020–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2011.07326&r=all |
| By: | Nguyen, Minh-Hoang; Vuong, Quan-Hoang |
| Abstract: | We have found the existence of cultural studies within the boundary of air pollution research. Still, its portion, which is even smaller than the proportion of cultural studies within climate change and biodiversity research, is negligible. The current finding is in line with other previous results, supporting the presumption on the minor role of cultural studies in solving environmental issues. |
| Date: | 2020–11–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:jbcx3&r=all |