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on Agricultural Economics |
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Issue of 2020‒11‒02
23 papers chosen by |
| By: | Goeb, Joseph; Nang Lun Kham Synt; A. Myint Zu; Boughton, Duncan; Maredia, Mywish K. |
| Abstract: | Agricultural input retailers play a key role in Myanmar’s agri-food system by supplying farmers with fertilizer, seed, pesticides, and other inputs necessary for successful harvests. Because farm-level input use is an important driver of yields for all major food crops, shocks from the COVID-19 crisis to the input retail sector have major implications for rural household welfare as well as food security. In this policy note, we present results and analysis on the effects of the COVID-19 crisis on agricultural input retailers from a five-round telephone panel survey of between 150 and 200 retailers in Shan, Kachin, Bago, Ayeyarwady, Sagaing, and Mandalay that was implemented every two weeks from mid-May to late July 2020. 1 The objective of this survey was to provide data and insights to the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Irrigation (MOALI) and agricultural sector stakeholders so that they better understand the nature of COVID-19 related shocks to Myanmar’s agricultural input retailers. Previous policy notes2 mostly focused on the survey rounds individually, tracking the effects of the COVID-19 crisis on agricultural input retailers as they were happening. In this note, we take a more comprehensive approach by looking back over all five survey rounds to understand how the effects of the COVID-19 crisis evolved over time. In particular, this note presents results from May 2020 through July 2020 across the five survey rounds on (i) disruptions caused by the COVID-19 crisis, (ii) responses to these disruptions, (iii) sales of fertilizer, maize seed, vegetable seed, and pesticides, and (iv) input retailers’ employees and hired labor. |
| Keywords: | MYANMAR, BURMA, SOUTHEAST ASIA, ASIA, Coronavirus, coronavirus disease, Coronavirinae, farm inputs, retail markets, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, COVID-19 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:myanpn:31&r=all |
| By: | Gocht, Alexander; Consmüller, Nicola; Thom, Ferike; Grethe, Harald |
| Abstract: | Genome edited crops are on the verge of being placed on the market and their agricultural and food products will thus be internationally traded soon. National regulation, however, diverges regarding the classification of genome edited crops. Major countries such as the US and Brazil do not specifically regulate genome edited crops, while in the European Union they fall under GMO legislation, according to the European Court of Justice (ECJ). As it is in some cases impossible to analytically distinguish products from genome edited plants compared to non-genome edited plants, EU importers may fear the risk of violating EU legislation. They may choose to not import anymore agricultural and food products based on crops, for which genome edited varieties are available. As a consequence, crop products, for which the EU is currently a net importer, would become more expensive in the EU and production would intensify. Furthermore, strong substitution among products covered and not covered by genome editing would occur in consumption, production and trade. We analyse the effects of such a cease of EU imports for cereals and soy on the EU agricultural sector with the comparative static agricultural sector equilibrium model CAPRI. Our results indicate that effects on agricultural and food prices as well as farm income are strong, and the intensification of EU agriculture may result in negative net environmental effects in the EU as well as increases in global greenhouse gas emissions. This suggests that the trade effects should be taken into account when developing domestic regulation for genome edited crops. |
| Keywords: | International Relations/Trade, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2020–10–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:jhimwp:305817&r=all |
| By: | Benjamin Ouvrard (TSE - Toulouse School of Economics - UT1 - Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Raphaële Préget (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - FRE2010 - UM - Université de Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Arnaud Reynaud (TSE - Toulouse School of Economics - UT1 - Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Laetitia Tuffery (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - FRE2010 - UM - Université de Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | In a global context of increasing water scarcity, reducing water use in the agricultural sector is one of the spearheads of sustainable agricultural and environmental policies. New technologies such as smart water meters are promising tools for addressing this issue, but their voluntary adoption by farmers has been limited. Conducting a discrete choice experiment with randomized treatments, we test two policy instruments designed to foster the voluntary adoption of smart water meters: a conditional subsidy and green nudges. The conditional subsidy is offered to farmers who adopt a smart meter only if the rate of adoption in their geographic area is sufficiently high (25%, 50% or 75%). In addition, we implement informational nudges by providing farmers specific messages regarding water scarcity and water management. With the responses of 1,272 French farmers, we show that both policy instruments are effective tools for fostering smart water meter adoption. Surprisingly, our results show that the willingness to pay for the conditional subsidy does not depend on the collective adoption threshold. We also demonstrate that farmers who receive an informational nudge are more likely to opt for a smart water meter. This result calls for a careful joint design of these two policy instruments.. |
| Keywords: | Behavioural economics,Choice experiment,Nudges,French farmers,Smart water meters,Social norms. |
| Date: | 2020–10–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-02958784&r=all |
| By: | Minten, Bart; Oo, Than Zaw; Headey, Derek D.; Lambrecht, Isabel; Goudet, Sophie |
| Abstract: | It is feared that the COVID-19 pandemic will lead to widespread increases in global poverty and food insecurity and that these negative impacts will concentrate on the most vulnerable segments of the population (Swinnen and McDermott 2020). Although Myanmar, with one of the lowest COVID-19 infection rates in the world, has been spared the worst direct impacts of the disease, its economy remains highly vulnerable to the economic fallout of the contagion. A major contributor to increased food insecurity in Myanmar is the reduction of income among vulnerable populations (Diao et al. 2020), partly due to significant declines in remittances in the country (Diao and Wang 2020). In addition, disruptions to food marketing systems and changes in farm and consumer prices could also turn out to be major drivers of food insecurity. Changes in food markets – including supply of commodities and transport - and food and agricultural prices are an obvious concern to policy makers, given the importance of agricultural prices for the income of farmers and food prices for the purchasing power of consumers. |
| Keywords: | MYANMAR, BURMA, SOUTHEAST ASIA, ASIA, Coronavirus, coronavirus disease, Coronavirinae, food supply, food prices, prevention, COVID-19, consumer behaviour, policies, food security, food vendors, COVID-19 prevention measures, wet markets |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:myanpn:30&r=all |
| By: | Theresa Finley; Raphaël Franck; Noel D. Johnson |
| Abstract: | This study exploits the confiscation and auctioning off of Church property that occurred during the French Revolution to assess the role played by transaction costs in delaying the reallocation of property rights in the aftermath of fundamental institutional reform. French districts with a greater proportion of land redistributed during the Revolution experienced higher levels of agricultural productivity in 1841 and 1852 as well as more investment in irrigation and more efficient land use. We trace these increases in productivity to an increase in land inequality associated with the Revolutionary auction process. We also show how the benefits associated with the head-start given to districts with more Church land initially, and thus greater land redistribution by auction during the Revolution, dissipated over the course of the nineteenth century as other districts gradually overcame the transaction costs associated with reallocating the property rights associated with the feudal system. |
| Keywords: | institutions, property rights, French Revolution, Coase Theorem |
| JEL: | N53 O43 P14 D47 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_8622&r=all |
| By: | Carlson, Andrea; Kuczynski, Kevin; Pannucci, TusaRebecca; Koegel, Kristin; Page, Elina T.; Tornow, Carina E.; Palmer Zimmerman, Thea |
| Abstract: | The 2018 Farm Bill mandates that the market basket of the Thrifty Food Plan (TFP) be updated every 5 years using current food prices, food composition, food consumption patterns, and dietary guidance. The TFP forms the basis of the maximum allotment for the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits. Current food composition and food consumption data are available through What We Eat in America, the dietary component of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (WWEIA/NHANES). The Dietary Guidelines for Americans provides current dietary guidance. However, food price information that aligns with these data are not available, which limits the economic analysis that can be conducted with the survey data. This report details the construction of the Purchase to Plate Price Tool (PPPT), which uses retail or household scanner data to estimate prices for foods reported consumed by participants in WWEIA/NHANES and compares estimated total food expenditure of WWEIA/NHANES participants to other estimates of food expenditure. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Health Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2020–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:uerser:305692&r=all |
| By: | Lambrecht, Isabel; Ragasa, Catherine; Mahrt, Kristi; Aung, Zin Wai; Wang, Michael |
| Keywords: | MYANMAR, BURMA, SOUTHEAST ASIA, ASIA, agricultural production, rural areas, Coronavirus, coronavirus disease, Coronavirinae, irrigation, livelihoods, households, income, nutrition, cash transfers, social protection, employment, Covid-19, income loss |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:myanpn:burmese20&r=all |
| By: | Agricultural Marketing Service; Agricultural Research Service; Farmer Cooperative Service; Foreign Agricultural Service |
| Abstract: | Vol. 1 : Agricultural Prices and Parity. Vol. 2 : Agricultural Production and Efficiency. Vol. 3 : Gross and Net Farm Income. Vol. 4 : Agricultural Marketing Costs and Charges. Vol. 5 : Consumption and Utilization of Agricultural Products. Vol. 6 : Land Values and Farm Finance. Vol. 7 : Farm Population, Employment, and Levels of Living. Vol. 8 : Crop and Livestock. Vol. 9 : Farmer Cooperatives. Vol. 10: Market News. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usdami:305839&r=all |
| By: | Louis-Georges Soler (INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Alban Thomas (TSE - Toulouse School of Economics - UT1 - Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | In the scientific literature, the debate on health and environmental benefits of a reduction in the share of animal-sourced food, in particular beef, in consumer diets is mostly focused on demand-side vs. supply transitions. We discuss in this paper the necessary conditions for a win-win scenario to exist, where consumer preferences for diets with less red meat are accompanied by a transition in livestock production systems towards higher average quality of beef. Trade-offs between quantity and quality of beef at the consumer level, and between domestic and international markets for producers are presented, as well as the determinants of reduced beef consumption, productivity gains, innovation in quality and environmental impacts in the case of France. We present a simplified model of aggregate consumer surplus and producer profit, with decisions on beef demand, output price and quality, to explore the necessary combination of changes in consumer preferences, producer strategies and public policies, required to produce a win-win scenario. Our experiment provides conditions for a win-win scenario, including increased efficiency on domestic and international beef markets and enhanced consumer awareness. We suggest research priorities and policy recommendations for accompanying transition in food preferences and cattle production system. |
| Keywords: | numerical simulation.,product innovation,agricultural exports,demand for quality,food system,Beef consumption |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02927288&r=all |
| By: | Kenkel, Phil; McKee, Greg; Boland, Mike; Jacobs, Keri |
| Abstract: | U.S. agricultural cooperatives create unique benefits for their producer members (USDA- RBCS, 1990). Cooperatives create economies of scale and scope in procuring inputs and marketing and processing commodities (Sexton 1990). Those scale economies also help to provide access to markets. Cooperatives provide an unseen and often unappreciated benefit in offsetting market power and maintaining the competitive environment. Agricultural cooperatives are unique in that they are an extension of the farm or ranch. Producer members can benefit at the farm level through prices and availability of services or at the cooperative level through patronage refunds. When many agricultural cooperatives first formed, they were able to pass along volume discounts for buying inputs at greater bargaining power or pass along volume premiums through greater negotiating ability. Over time, Congress passed various laws and the Internal Revenue Service codified cooperative taxation principles (Frederick 2013). Beginning in 2004, a new member benefit emerged from Congress, which was revised in the tax reform legislation of 2018 and again in 2019. Agricultural marketing cooperatives have been able to receive a federal income tax deduction and can retain that deduction at the cooperative level or pass some or all of the deduction on to their producer members. |
| Date: | 2019–10–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:isu:genstf:201910010700001766&r=all |
| By: | Prager, Daniel; Burns, Christopher; Tulman, Sarah; MacDonald, James |
| Abstract: | Farming can be a risky endeavor. Weather, pests, and disease can diminish the output from a field or herd. Changes in prices can reduce revenues or increase costs. Farmers may manage the risks from market price fluctuations by using agricultural derivatives, such as futures and options contracts, and committing some production to marketing contracts. This study uses data from the 2016 Agricultural Resource Management Survey to describe the use of futures, options, and marketing contracts by producers, with a primary focus on corn and soybeans. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Marketing |
| Date: | 2020–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:uerser:305690&r=all |
| By: | Fang, Peixun; Belton, Ben; Ei Win, Hnin; Zhang, Xiaobo |
| Keywords: | MYANMAR, BURMA, SOUTHEAST ASIA, ASIA, Coronavirus, coronavirus disease, Coronavirinae, poultry, farmers, broiler chickens, prices, cash flow, peri-urban agriculture, COVID-19 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:myanpn:burmese28&r=all |
| By: | Scita, Rossana; Raimondi, Pier Paolo; Noussan, Michel |
| Abstract: | Hydrogen is currently enjoying a renewed and widespread momentum in the energy market. In the last years, demand for hydrogen has substantially increased worldwide, with several countries developing hydrogen national strategies, and private companies investing in the development of hydrogen related projects. Green hydrogen’s environmental sustainability and versatility contribute to its representation as the holy grail of decarbonisation. This working paper challenges this definition, by analysing the historical process which contributed to hydrogen’s rise, showing the current uses of hydrogen and the major obstacles to the implementation of a green hydrogen economy, and assessing the geopolitical implications of a future hydrogen society. Particularly, the paper shows that the hydrogen economy is still far from becoming reality. Even though investments in green hydrogen technologies and projects have increased over the last decade, there still remains a high number of unresolved issues, relating to technical challenges and geopolitical implications. Nonetheless, a clean hydrogen economy offers promising opportunities not only to fight climate change, but also to redraw geopolitical relations between states. The energy transition is already taking place, with renewable energies gradually eroding the global energy system based on fossil fuels. A global transformation, set in motion by the need to decarbonise the energy system, will have the potential to redraw international alliances and conflicts. In this context, hydrogen may play a crucial role. By 2050, hydrogen could indeed meet up to 24% of the world’s energy needs, thus highly influencing the geopolitical landscape. In this regard, the choice over which pathway to take for the creation of hydrogen value chains will have a huge geopolitical impact, resulting in new dependencies and rivalries between states. Conclusively, if national governments are willing to spur the emergence of a green hydrogen economy, they should heavily invest in research and development, encourage the development of a clean hydrogen value chain, and promote common international standards. Moreover, they should also take into account hydrogen’s geopolitical implications. If the hydrogen economy is well-managed, it could indeed increase energy security, diversify the economy, and strengthen partnerships with third countries. |
| Keywords: | Resource /Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2020–10–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:feemfe:305824&r=all |
| By: | Van Nurden, Pauline A.; Paulson, Garen J.; Nitchie, Donald L.; Knorr, Tonya L.; Purdy, Rachel A.; Nordquist, Dale W. |
| Abstract: | The average net farm income for the 106 farms included in the 2019 annual report of the Southwest Minnesota Farm Business Management Association showed improved margins for the year. Improved profitability of livestock enterprises coupled with government support payments provided much of the boost in profitability. The average farm earned $145,004 in 2019, up from just over $72,000 in 2018. Yet, earnings received in the recent past are still historically low compared to those received in the first half of the decade. Crop producers saw slightly higher net farm income for the year on average. Again, much of this was provided by the Federal farm program payments related to trade losses. The southwest area of the state experienced below trendline yields and unprecedented numbers of prevented plant acres in 2019 because of the yearlong weather challenges. Overall, crop farm operations were again challenged for the year due to weather, leading to the lowest crop yields most producers have experienced in recent years. Earnings for all types of livestock operations were up from the previous year, as commodity prices for major livestock types were all improved year over year. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Farm Management |
| Date: | 2020–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:umaesp:305807&r=all |
| By: | Headey, Derek D.; Goudet, Sophie; Lambrecht, Isabel; Oo, Than Zaw; Maffioli, Elisa Maria; Field, Erica; Toth, Russell |
| Abstract: | The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered a global economic crisis from which very few countries will be spared. As a result of few COVID-19 cases, a relatively short-lived lockdown, and economic momentum prior to COVID-19, Myanmar is one of the few developing countries that the World Bank (2020) forecasts will not go into recession in 2020 – a very modest expansion of just 0.87 percent is forecast. A Social Accounting Matrix multiplier analysis by IFPRI projected a 0.50 percent expansion under a fast economic recovery scenario, but a 2.00 percent contraction under a slow economic recovery scenario (Diao et al., 2020). The IFPRI study projects massive declines in GDP across a range of sectors during lockdown periods, including large increases in unemployment (5 million during the lockdown period) and declines in household income of 20 to 30 percent for April to June, albeit with fast recovery thereafter. |
| Keywords: | MYANMAR, BURMA, SOUTHEAST ASIA, ASIA, Coronavirus, coronavirus disease, Coronavirinae, poverty, food security, rural areas, urban areas, households, diet, cash transfers, social protection, surveys, employment, economic recovery, Covid-19, Rural and Urban Food Security Survey (RUFSS) |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:myanpn:27&r=all |
| By: | Gabrielle Bouleau (LISIS - Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Sciences, Innovations, Sociétés - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UNIV GUSTAVE EIFFEL - Université Gustave Eiffel); Rémi Barbier (ENGEES - École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg); Marie-Pierre Halm-Lemeille (HMMN - Laboratoire Ressources halieutiques Manche Mer du nord, IFREMER Centre Manche Mer du Nord, - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer); Bruno Tassin (ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech, LEESU - Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - UPEC UP12 - Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12); Arnaud Buchs (IEPG [2020-....] - Sciences Po Grenoble - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble [2020-....] - UGA [2020-....] - Université Grenoble Alpes [2020-....], GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Grenoble INP [2020-....] - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2020-....] - UGA [2020-....] - Université Grenoble Alpes [2020-....] - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA [2020-....] - Université Grenoble Alpes [2020-....]); Florence Habets (LGE - Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris - ENS Paris - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres, ENS Paris - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres) |
| Abstract: | European stakeholders engaged in combatting the eutrophication of the North Sea welcomed three Water Framework Directive innovations: a more holistic approach to quality, the binding nature of WFD objectives, and greater public participation. Twenty years later, however, there has been a disappointing amount of progress in the reduction of diffuse pollution. In the Seine River Basin, the amount of livestock rearing is low; yet the basin is subject to significant diffuse pollution due to agriculture. This paper reports our study of this case; we examine the literature on WFD implementation policy in order to identify the physical and social causes of this failure to reduce diffuse pollution. We show that the nitrates, phosphorus, and pesticides that affect ground, surface and marine waters are attributable to structural changes in agricultural production rather than to inefficient farming practices. We describe how a series of instruments that were designed to combat the diffuse agricultural origins of pollutants have had little effect. We identify the main obstacles to improvement as being the dispersion of the targeted public and the dispersion of benefits, given the current nature of legitimacy in the European Union. This case illustrates the fact that intensive agricultural production has an impact on water quality far beyond the problem of excess manure from livestock production. |
| Keywords: | Seine River Basin,France,WFD,intensive agriculture,regulatory space,output legitimacy,policy implementation,Diffuse pollution |
| Date: | 2020–10–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-02957812&r=all |
| By: | Richard S.J. Tol (Department of Economics, University of Sussex, Falmer, United Kingdom) |
| Abstract: | Video discussion of the policy implications of the environmental Kuznets curve |
| Keywords: | environmental economics, environmental Kuznets curve, undergraduate, video |
| JEL: | Q50 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2020–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sus:susvid:2051&r=all |
| By: | Coleman-Jensen, Alisha; Rabbitt, Matthew P.; Gregory, Christian A.; Singh, Anita |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty |
| Date: | 2020–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:uerser:305693&r=all |
| By: | Bachev, Hrabrin; Ivanov, Bojidar; Sarov, Angel |
| Abstract: | In many other countries, there are no comprehensive systems for assessment of the governance sustainability of agriculture and its importance for the overall agrarian development. This study tries to fill the gap and suggests a holistic framework for understanding and assessing the governance sustainability. The newly elaborated approach is “tested” in a large-scale study for assessing the governance sustainability of Bulgarian agriculture. The study has proved that it is important to include the “missing” Governance Pillar in the assessment of the Integral sustainability of agriculture and sustainability of agro-systems of various type. Assessment of the Governance sustainability of Bulgarian agriculture indicates that the Overall Governance Sustainability is at a “Good” but close to the “Satisfactory” level. There is a considerable differentiation in the level of Integral Governance sustainability of different agro-systems in the country. Results on the integral agrarian sustainability assessment based on micro (farm) and macro (statistical, etc.) data show some discrepancies which have to be taken into consideration, while assessment indicators, methods and data sources improved. |
| Keywords: | governance sustainability, assessment, agriculture, agricultural systems, Bulgaria |
| JEL: | Q0 Q01 Q1 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q18 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:103477&r=all |
| By: | Richard S.J. Tol (Department of Economics, University of Sussex, Falmer, United Kingdom) |
| Abstract: | Video discussion of the environmental Kuznets curve |
| Keywords: | environmental economics, environmental Kuznets curve, undergraduate, video |
| JEL: | Q50 Q56 |
| Date: | 2020–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sus:susvid:2049&r=all |
| By: | Richard S.J. Tol (Department of Economics, University of Sussex, Falmer, United Kingdom) |
| Abstract: | Video discussion of trade and the environmental Kuznets curve |
| Keywords: | environmental economics, environmental Kuznets curve, international trade, undergraduate, video |
| JEL: | Q50 Q56 |
| Date: | 2020–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sus:susvid:2050&r=all |
| By: | Timothy Neal (UNSW School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | This article uses satellite data to estimate the effectiveness of government protection on forested land across the globe over 2000-2018. Since deforestation is a significant contributor to precipitous declines in biodiversity, spillover of zoonotic viruses and climate change, measuring and analysing the effectiveness of protection is important for the future of conservation. It uses a regression discontinuity design at the boundaries of protected forest to overcome the fact that protection is not randomly assigned. It finds that many countries lack effective protection, and that effectiveness is strongly related to the quality of institutions and negatively related to economic development. |
| Keywords: | Regression Discontinuity, Climate Change, Biodiversity, Corruption |
| JEL: | C13 C21 P48 Q23 Q57 |
| Date: | 2020–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:swe:wpaper:2020-15&r=all |
| By: | Marianne Lefebvre (GRANEM - Groupe de Recherche Angevin en Economie et Management - UA - Université d'Angers - AGROCAMPUS OUEST - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - Institut National de l'Horticulture et du Paysage); Masha Maslianskaia Pautrel (GRANEM - Groupe de Recherche Angevin en Economie et Management - UA - Université d'Angers - AGROCAMPUS OUEST - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - Institut National de l'Horticulture et du Paysage); Pauline Laille |
| Abstract: | Final report of the project ACCERO led by the ministry for agriculture and food and the ministry of Ecological and Solidary Transition, with the financial support of the French Biodiversity Agency on "Call for research & innovation projects on the development of alternative solutions to plant protection products in gardens, green spaces and infrastructures" research call, with the fees for diffuse pollution coming from the Ecophyto plan. |
| Date: | 2018–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-02519184&r=all |