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on Agricultural Economics |
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Issue of 2020‒09‒21
72 papers chosen by |
| By: | Amare, Mulubrhan; Abay, Kibrom A.; Tiberti, Luca; Chamberlin, Jordan |
| Abstract: | This paper combines pre-pandemic face-to-face survey data with follow up phone surveys collected in April-May 2020 to quantify the overall and differential impacts of COVID-19 on household food security, labor market participation and local food prices in Nigeria. We exploit spatial variation in exposure to COVID-19 related infections and lockdown measures along with temporal differences in our outcomes of interest using a difference-in-difference approach. We find that those households exposed to higher COVID-19 cases or mobility lockdowns experience a significant increase in measures of food insecurity. Examining possible transmission channels for this effect, we find that COVID-19 significantly reduces labor market participation and increases food prices. We find that impacts differ by economic activities and households. For instance, lockdown measures increased households' experience of food insecurity by 13 percentage points and reduced the probability of participation in non-farm business activities by 11 percentage points. These lockdown measures have smaller impacts on wage-related activities and farming activities. In terms of food security, households relying on non-farm businesses, poorer households, those with school-aged children, and those living in remote and conflicted-affected zones have experienced relatively larger deteriorations in food security. These findings can help inform immediate and medium-term policy responses, including social protection policies aiming at ameliorating the impacts of the pandemic, as well as guide targeting strategies of governments and international donor agencies by identifying the most impacted sub-populations. |
| Keywords: | COVID-19,Pandemic,Food security,labor market participation,food price |
| JEL: | I12 O13 Q18 Q12 Q18 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:653&r=all |
| By: | Hirvonen, Kalle |
| Abstract: | As in most low and middle-income countries, the paucity of timely economic data in Ethiopia makes it difficult to understand the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. To mitigate this, several organizations have launched phone surveys to gather more information about the crisis. This research report reviews the available phone survey evidence as of mid-August 2020 and identifies knowledge gaps. First, the available evidence suggest that the pandemic has not led to unusually large increases in food prices. However, a case study in the vegetable sector suggests that price dynamics are highly context and crop specific, calling for more comprehensive price monitoring to identify food value chains and areas where food price increases may have been unusually rapid. Second, employment losses have concentrated on informal sector workers while redundancies in the formal sector have been less significant. Third, there is considerable uncertainty about the income, poverty, and food security implications of this crisis. While most households report income losses, the qualitative and subjective nature of these questions mean that the magnitudes of these losses are unknown. In Addis Ababa, less subjective food security measures indicate only small negative changes in household food and nutrition security. Finally, due to limited access to mobile phones in rural areas, we have imperfect and incomplete information on how this crisis is affecting rural households. |
| Keywords: | ETHIOPIA; EAST AFRICA; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA; AFRICA; Coronavirus; coronavirus disease; Coronavirinae; surveys; economic impact; food supply; food prices; employment; income; food security; rural areas; households; phone survey; COVID-19 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:esspwp:151&r=all |
| By: | Balana, Bedru; Oyeyemi, Motunrayo; Benson, Todd |
| Abstract: | The agricultural sector in Nigeria is characterized by low productivity that is driven in part by low use of modern agricultural technologies. Poor access to credit is seen by many observers to be one of the key barriers to adoption of these technologies. Literature suggests that credit constraints impede individuals from investing in productivity enhancing agricultural technologies and, thus, poor farmers are unable to engage in high-return agricultural activities. Much policy discourse and research literature associates agricultural credit constraints with supply-side factors, such as farmers not having access to credit sources or high costs of borrowing, and, thus, recommend that such supply-side constraints be addressed to improve smallholders’ access to credit. However, demand-side factors, such as borrower’s risk-averse behavior, financial illiteracy, collateral requirements, or perceived high transactions costs, can also play important roles in credit-rationing for smallholder farmers. |
| Keywords: | NIGERIA; WEST AFRICA; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA; AFRICA; credit; agriculture; technology; smallholders; agriculture extension; agricultural technology; credit access; adoption; demand-side constraints; supply-side constraints |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:nssppn:53&r=all |
| By: | Eric C. Edwards; Martin Fiszbein; Gary D. Libecap |
| Abstract: | We examine the origins, persistence, and economic consequences of institutional structures of agricultural production. We compare farms in the Argentine Pampas and US Midwest, regions of similar potential input and output mixes. The focus is on 1910-1914, during the international grain trade boom and when census data are available. The Midwest was characterized by small farms and family labor. Land was a commercial asset and traded routinely. The Pampas was characterized by large landholdings and use of external labor. Land was a source of status and held across generations. Status attributes could not be easily monetized for trade, reducing market exchange, limiting entry, and hindering farm restructuring. Differing land property rights followed from English and Spanish colonial and post-independence policies. Geo-climatic factors cannot explain dissimilarities in farm sizes, tenancy, and output mixes, suggesting institutional constraints. Midwest farmers also were more responsive to exogenous signals. There is evidence of moral hazard on Pampas farms. Conjectures on long-term development are provided. |
| JEL: | K11 L1 L22 N2 N21 N22 N26 N5 N51 N52 N56 O13 Q12 Q15 |
| Date: | 2020–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:27750&r=all |
| By: | Schmidt, Emily; Fang, Peixun |
| Abstract: | The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has presented a unique challenge to governments across the globe, reinforcing the need to improve understanding of domestic and international trade trends to provide more informed options for policy response. Papua New Guinea’s growing international trade in food and other agricultural products will continue to be important to overall food security outcomes among rural and urban households in the country. Rural households that produce key export cash-crops, such as coffee, cocoa, or palm oil, depend on the cash economy to supplement their food consumption, while urban households depend on rice and other agri-food imports, as well as domestic goods, for consumption. This project note focuses on trends in agrifood imports and exports during the last two decades to better evaluate potential changes in import demand and export potential for PNG. In doing so, it informs an upcoming economy-wide multi-market model analysis that will evaluate a variety of potential shocks to PNG’s agri-food system on household welfare in order to identify policies to manage potential food security threats. The COVID-19 pandemic is one of many diverse shocks that may adversely affect the economy of PNG over the next decade. The expansion of a portfolio of organized databases, analytical tools, and policy resources, such as the multimarket model, is warranted to facilitate real-time policy analyses to inform key development investments and initiatives. |
| Keywords: | PAPUA NEW GUINEA, OCEANIA, agrifood sector, agrifood systems, trade, policies, Coronavirus, coronavirus disease, Coronavirinae, imports, nutrition education, Covid-19 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:pngprn:5&r=all |
| By: | Leonardo, Cini |
| Abstract: | Around one third of the food globally produced is estimated to be lost or wasted along the supply chain. These losses affect disproportionally developing countries, which have the highest numbers of hungry and malnourished people. Addressing these food losses is key to developing a sustainable and environmentally neutral food system, ensuring that everyone is adequately fed while the environment is protected. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development recognized the importance of this issue, and called for food loss to be halved by 2030 through the SDG Target 12.3. Through its programme of loans and grants, IFAD has been working with governments and the private sector to reduce food losses experienced by smallholder farmers in developing countries. These interventions have brought benefits in terms of increased food security, improved nutrition, better food safety and income opportunities to farming households, while contributing to the global advancement towards the achievement of the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2019–09–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:unadas:304742&r=all |
| By: | Davis, Kristin E., ed.; Babu, Suresh Chandra, ed.; Ragasa, Catherine, ed. |
| Abstract: | Agricultural transformation and development are critical to the livelihoods of more than a billion small-scale farmers and other rural people in developing countries. Extension and advisory services play an important role in such transformation and can assist farmers with advice and information, brokering and facilitating innovations and relationships, and dealing with risks and disasters. Agricultural Extension: Global Status and Performance in Selected Countries provides a global overview of agricultural extension and advisory services, assesses and compares extension systems at the national and regional levels, examines the performance of extension approaches in a selected set of country cases, and shares lessons and policy insights. Drawing on both primary and secondary data, the book contributes to the literature on extension by applying a common and comprehensive framework — the “best-fit†approach — to assessments of extension systems, which allows for comparison across cases and geographies. Insights from the research support reforms — in governance, capacity, management, and advisory methods — to improve outcomes, enhance financial sustainability, and achieve greater scale. Agricultural Extension should be a valuable resource for policymakers, extension practitioners, and others concerned with agricultural development. |
| Keywords: | WORLD, BRAZIL, LATIN AMERICA, SOUTH AMERICA, UGANDA, EAST AFRICA, AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA, AFRICA, ETHIOPIA, MALAWI, SOUTHERN AFRICA, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO, CENTRAL AFRICA, livelihoods, agricultural extension, advisory services, extension systems, agricultural development |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:synops:9780896293762&r=all |
| By: | Baulch, Bob; Ochieng, Dennis O. |
| Abstract: | This note analyzes the prices received by 1,048 maize and 1,265 soybean farmers in Malawi during the main harvest marketing season of 2020. Between April and July, whenever they sold maize or soybeans, farmers were asked to report the prices they received by calling or texting a toll-free number managed by Farm Radio Trust. Reported prices were then compared to the minimum farmgate prices set by the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security. Our findings show that 76 percent of maize farmers and 90 percent of soybean farmers sold their crops at below the official minimum farmgate prices. On average, prices received by these farmers were approximately three-quarters of official minimum farmgate prices. |
| Keywords: | MALAWI, SOUTHERN AFRICA, AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA, AFRICA, maize, soybeans, farmers, prices, food prices, producer prices |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:masprn:1190863280&r=all |
| By: | Fang, Peixun; Belton, Ben; Ei Win, Hnin; Win, Khin Zin; Zhang, Xiaobo |
| Keywords: | MYANMAR, BURMA, SOUTHEAST ASIA, ASIA, farmers, poultry, Coronavirus, coronavirus disease, Coronavirinae, food prices, food consumption, poultry farming, urban farmers, broiler chickens, cash flow, livestock products, economic recovery, Covid-19 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:myanpn:burmese19&r=all |
| By: | Soma, Chakrabarti |
| Abstract: | Development projects that integrate investments in rural indigenous people, youth and women with measures to adapt to climate change are more likely to be successful in Latin America and the Caribbean, according to a new report launched today by the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). The Latin America and Caribbean Advantage Report, based on a review of all IFAD-supported projects in the region, shows that this holistic approach, which also includes investments in better nutrition, has a sustainable impact and minimizes trade-offs and risks. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2019–12–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:unadas:304745&r=all |
| By: | Obasi O. Ukoha (Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Abia State, Nigeria) |
| Abstract: | The main objective of this study is to establish quantitative relationships among the relative price volatility of agricultural commodities, inflation and agricultural polices in Nigeria. The data for the study, covering the period 1970–2003, were obtained from publications of the Central Bank of Nigeria, Federal Office of Statistics, and Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. Our results show that the effect of inflation on relative price variability among agricultural commodities in Nigeria is non-neutral. Inflation has a significant positive impact on relative price variability in both the long run and the short run. The findings suggest the need for policies that will buffer the agricultural sector from the effects of inflation in the short run, and in addition the crops subsector from the long-run effect of inflation. Similarly, policies that reduce the rate of inflation will minimize relative price variability among agricultural commodities and consequently reduce inefficiency, distortions and misallocation of resources in agriculture that might be caused by inflation. No data points in the study period showed negative inflation. As a result of this, the data could not provide evidence for the effect of deflation on relative price variability. Policies like the Green Revolution and structural adjustment programmes and post-SAP policies increased relative price variability among cash crops in the long run, but influenced food crop prices only in the short run. In addition to this, the Operation Feed the Nation project (OFN) had a significant positive short-run effect on food prices. Thus the agricultural policies under SAP, post-SAP and Green Revolution caused price changes that led to efficient reallocation of resources among cash crops in the long run and food crops in the short run. The policies should be considered in planning for the agricultural sector. On the other hand, the price control policy brought about a reduction in relative price variability among cash crops and consequently led to a misallocation of resources in the sector. Cash crop prices should be allowed to be determined by market forces of demand and supply, and no attempts should be made to fix prices administratively |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aer:wpaper:171&r=all |
| By: | Cenacchi, Nicola; Brooks, Karen; Dunston, Shahnila; Wiebe, Keith D.; Arndt, Channing; Hartley, Faaiqa; Robertson, Richard D. |
| Abstract: | According to the United Nations, the world’s population will grow by 2 billion people over the coming decades to reach 9.7 billion by 2050 (UNDESA-DP 2019a). The dignity and life prospects of those additional 2 billion people will depend on their ability to meet basic needs, such as food, clothing, and shelter, and their access to adequate employment. The most pressing need for jobs will be felt in those regions and countries that have not yet gone through the demographic transition, and where the cohort of young people is growing rapidly. The challenge will be compounded by an increasingly crowded, more competitive world with fewer natural resources per capita, and by the threat of climate change, which is projected to affect every sector of the economy (Arent 2014). |
| Keywords: | AFRICA; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA; CENTRAL AFRICA; EAST AFRICA; NORTH AFRICA; SOUTHERN AFRICA; WEST AFRICA; WORLD; employment; climate change; rural areas; youth; agriculture; developing countries; youth employment; rural youth; work force; jobs; labor force |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:issbrf:august2020&r=all |
| By: | Lambrecht, Isabel; Ragasa, Catherine; Mahrt, Kristi; Aung, Zin Wai; Wang, Michael |
| Abstract: | This policy note provides evidence of the immediate impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on farming communities in Myanmar’s Central Dry Zone using baseline data from January 2020 and follow-up phone survey data. The first round of the phone survey was conducted between 10 and 21 June 2020 and inquired about the effects of COVID-19 on agricultural production and other livelihood sources from February to May 2020. In total, 1,070 male and female respondents from 605 households in 30 communities were interviewed. The sample for the phone survey covers all nonirrigation households and all women-adult-only households (WHH), as these categories of households were few in the baseline survey, and a randomly selected subsample of the dual-adult irrigation households covered in the baseline. |
| Keywords: | MYANMAR, BURMA, SOUTHEAST ASIA, ASIA, agricultural production, rural areas, Coronavirus, coronavirus disease, Coronavirinae, irrigation, livelihoods, households, income, nutrition, cash transfers, social protection, employment, Covid-19, income loss |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:myanpn:20&r=all |
| By: | Rahman, Kazi Tamim; Shanoyan, Aleksan; Hovhannisyan, Vardges |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Demand and Price Analysis, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304644&r=all |
| By: | Ken MIURA (Kyoto University); Yoko KIJIMA (National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS), Tokyo, Japan.); Takeshi SAKURAI (The University of Tokyo) |
| Abstract: | This study estimates the impact of the gender of informed individuals on agricultural training participation. To do so, we randomly distributed information about a rice planting demonstration to husbands or wives in rural Zambia. The results show that information recipients were much more likely to join the training than the non-recipients from the same household, indicating that information does not flow well among spouses. We present evidence that information sharing is distorted by intra-household differences in management rights over productive lands for rice cultivation. |
| Keywords: | knowledge diffusion, intra-household bargaining, sub-Saharan Africa |
| Date: | 2020–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ngi:dpaper:20-10&r=all |
| By: | Soma, Chakrabarti; Dhanush, Dinesh |
| Abstract: | Climate change and malnutrition are among the greatest problems in the twentyfirst century; they are “wicked problems”, difficult to describe, with multiple causes, and no single solution. The impacts of climate change have become evident in crop, livestock and fisheries systems, threatening all aspects of food security, including access, utilization and price stability (Porter et al., 2014). On the other hand, malnutrition, including undernutrition, overnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies, is having devastating impacts on global health and economy. In this report, we examine how investments in climate-resilient agriculture can be leveraged not only to deliver benefits to secure food security under a changing climate, but also to contribute to efforts to eradicate malnutrition. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:unadas:304748&r=all |
| By: | Adetoyinbo, Ayobami; Otter, Verena |
| Abstract: | To achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, research concepts and empirical evidence are needed to upgrade developing countries’ smallholder activities within local value chains (LVCs). The study aims to uncover LVCs’ (1) organization, (2) governance themes and gender roles for value addition and (3) smallholder upgrading strategies in developing countries’ dualistic sectors. The global value chain (GVC) framework is extended towards a gendered value web approach that captures the importance of hidden gender roles and power relations. Empirical data obtained from 3 focus group discussions and 21 interviews in the Nigerian shrimp and prawn sector represent the basis for qualitative analysis. The results indicate that, despite being driven by competitive traders, mutually reliant coordination between production and processing segments and strategic business activities of female processors are crucial for the LVCs’ functioning. Based on these results, manifold managerial and policy implications which can also apply to other developing countries and cases are derived to upgrade and develop smallholder activities and products along the Nigerian shrimp and prawn LVC. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2020–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:gagfdp:305193&r=all |
| By: | Smith, Sarah Lindley; Golden, Abigail; Ramenzoni, Victoria; Zemeckis, Douglas R; Jensen, Olaf P |
| Abstract: | Commercial fisheries globally experienced numerous and significant perturbations during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, affecting the livelihoods of millions of fishers worldwide. In the Northeastern United States, fishers grappled with low prices and disruptions to export and domestic markets, leaving many tied to the dock, while others found ways to adapt to the changing circumstances brought about by the pandemic. This paper investigates the short-term impacts of the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic (March-June 2020) on commercial fishers in the Northeast U.S. to understand the effects of the pandemic on participation in the fishery and fishers’ economic outcomes, using data collected from an online survey of 258 Northeast U.S. commercial fishers. This research also assesses characteristics of those fishers who continued fishing and their adaptive strategies to the changing circumstances. Analysis of survey responses found the majority of fishers continued fishing during the early months of the pandemic, while a significant number had stopped fishing. Nearly all reported a loss of income, largely driven by disruptions of export markets, the loss of restaurant sales, and a resulting decline in seafood prices. Landings data demonstrate that while fishing pressure in 2020 was reduced for some species, it remained on track with previous years for others. Fishers reported engaging in a number of adaptation strategies, including direct sales of seafood, switching species, and supplementing their income with government payments or other sources of income. Many fishers who had stopped fishing indicated plans to return, suggesting refraining from fishing as a short-term adaptation strategy, rather than a plan to permanently stop fishing. Despite economic losses, fishers in the Northeastern U.S. demonstrated resilience in the face of the pandemic by continuing to fish and implementing other adaptation strategies rather than switching to other livelihoods. |
| Date: | 2020–08–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:z3v2h&r=all |
| By: | Zhao, Xin; Calvin, Katherine; Wise, Marshall |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Productivity Analysis, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304204&r=all |
| By: | Alexis Carlier (TSE - Toulouse School of Economics - UT1 - Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Nicolas Treich (TSE - Toulouse School of Economics - UT1 - Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Research in economics is anthropocentric. It only cares about the welfare of humans, and usually does not concern itself with animals. When it does, animals are treated as resources, biodiversity, or food. That is, animals only have instrumental value for humans. Yet unlike water, trees or vegetables, and like humans, most animals have a brain and a nervous system. They can feel pain and pleasure, and many argue that their welfare should matter. Some economic studies value animal welfare, but only indirectly through humans' altruistic valuation. This overall position of economics is inconsistent with the utilitarian tradition and can be qualified as speciesist. We suggest that economics should directly value the welfare of sentient animals, at least sometimes. We briefly discuss some possible implications and challenges for (environmental) economics. |
| Date: | 2020–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02929260&r=all |
| By: | Peterson-Wilhelm, Bailey; Nalley, Lanier; Nayga, Rodolfo M.; Snell, Heather |
| Keywords: | International Development, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Marketing |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304228&r=all |
| By: | Bonuedi, Isaac; Kornher, Lukas; Gerber, Nicolas |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Labor and Human Capital |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304191&r=all |
| By: | Ness-Edelstein, Betsy; Price, Cristofer; Geyer, Judy; Narayan, Tulika |
| Keywords: | International Development, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Agricultural Finance |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304323&r=all |
| By: | Cui, Yi; Du, Xiaodong; Ma, Jiujie |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Productivity Analysis |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304364&r=all |
| By: | Marcos Vinicius Araujo (LPS - Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale - AMU - Aix Marseille Université, UFRGS - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre]); G. Lo Monaco (LPS - Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale - AMU - Aix Marseille Université); D. Callegaro de Menezes (UFRGS - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre]); K.L. Bruch (UFRGS - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre]) |
| Abstract: | This study aims to understand the convergences and divergences between the social representations associated with the different terms used to designate sparkling wine in Brazil and in France. For this purpose, we carried a verbal association task to collect the social representation content in Brazil and France. It was word inductor in Brazil: sparkling wine, sparkling wine moscatel, cider, and Champagne. In France, sparkling wine, pétillant wine, crémant wine, and Champagne. There are common terms used to designate sparkling wine that still confuses consumers. The data was analyzed by ascending hierarchical cluster analysis and presented by a dendrogram. This method evidences the dissimilarity between inductors. The results present on a major cluster with all sparkling wines and another with the Brazilian inductor cider. After, we have also the Brazilian inductor moscatel separated, and show a close similarity between French inductors, Champagne and sparkling wine. Even with it being an exploratory research, the results show start to explain the convergences in the French context, due probably to the long history of these products. On the other side, in Brazil, the divergence, principally with cider and moscatel, that are recent in the Brazilian market, compared to sparkling wine and Champagne. |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02885657&r=all |
| By: | Evan Borkum; Anitha Sivasankaran; Elena Moroz; Matt Sloan |
| Abstract: | In this report we describe the final findings from the performance evaluation of the investments in irrigated olive and date areas funded by MCC’s Fruit Tree Productivity Project in Morocco. |
| Keywords: | Morocco, Agriculture, Irrigation |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mpr:mprres:09644639569a4e0a8cb85cee503e38e7&r=all |
| By: | Adeyanju, Dolapo F.; Mburu, John I.; Mignouna, Djana B. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304231&r=all |
| By: | Kedar, Vishnu Shankarrao; Kumar, Parmod; Neharkar, Pratibha |
| Keywords: | Marketing, Agricultural and Food Policy, Institutional and Behavioral Economics |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304504&r=all |
| By: | Garcia, Luis; Laepple, Doris; Dillon, Emma; Thorne, Fiona |
| Keywords: | Productivity Analysis, Labor and Human Capital, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304395&r=all |
| By: | Stockton, Matthew C.; Rudnick, Daran; Burr, Chuck |
| Keywords: | Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession, Agricultural Finance, Marketing |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304647&r=all |
| By: | Buisson, Marie-Charlotte; Balasubramanya, Soumya; Stifel, David C. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, International Development |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304212&r=all |
| By: | Ajanaku, Bolarinwa; Collins, Alan R. |
| Keywords: | International Development, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304271&r=all |
| By: | Soma, Chakrabarti |
| Abstract: | A new report from the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) shows that by working with women, men, young people and indigenous peoples as change agents we are best placed to beat back the impact of climate change on rural communities in West and Central Africa (WCA). The report, the West and Central Africa Advantage, shows that the integration of initiatives that fight climate change, improve nutrition, and foster women’s and youth empowerment give IFAD’s programmes a higher chance of success and bigger impact, minimizing trade-offs and risks. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2019–11–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:unadas:304754&r=all |
| By: | Fabien Martinez (Métis Lab EM Normandie - EM Normandie - École de Management de Normandie); Ken Peattie; Diego Vazquez‐brust; Diego Vazquez-Brust |
| Abstract: | This article explores the concept of syncretism to articulate the construct of a novel theoretical approach that may help to accelerate progress in developing substantively more sustainable business activities. One reason why the integration of environmental and social responsibility in business has been so difficult to achieve in practice is that it is not just a battle of competing business logics but a battle of faiths. The concept of syncretism, with its roots in religious synthesis, may be far more relevant and useful than conventional approaches to combining the two, which rarely seem to rise above a "win–win" appeal to logic. The connectionist logic of syncretism may show us a way beyond paradigmatic conformity in business sustainability research so that scholars with diverse theoretical backgrounds might have a common ground for discussion, find constructive connections, and engage in potentially more insightful and creative interactions to develop our understanding of corporate sustainability. |
| Keywords: | win-win,business sustainability,paradigmatic change,syncretism |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02887685&r=all |
| By: | Lu, Pin; Hennessy, David A.; Feng, Hongli; Yu, Cindy L. |
| Keywords: | Risk and Uncertainty, Agricultural Finance, Demand and Price Analysis |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304251&r=all |
| By: | John C. Beghin; Heidi Schweizer |
| Abstract: | This article tracks the recent evolution of salient trade costs in agricultural and food markets. We review ways to measure costs and conditions for policy prescriptions to reduce them when feasible. We pay attention to transportation costs, border measures, and standard-like nontariff measures. By pointing out limitations in current approaches and recent developments, we hope to improve our understanding of their effects. We suggest promising directions for further research and investigation of agricultural trade costs, including on the emerging debate on gene-editing and trade, transportation costs, and mainstreaming recent approaches in disentangling effects of trade costs on supply, demand, trade, prices, and welfare. |
| Date: | 2020–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ias:cpaper:20-wp608&r=all |
| By: | Zheng, Zhonghua; Zhao, Lei (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign); Oleson, Keith W. |
| Abstract: | Urban heat waves (UHWs) are strongly associated with socioeconomic impacts. Reliable projections of these extremes are pressingly needed for local actions in the context of extreme event preparedness and mitigation. Such information, however, is not available because current multi-model projections largely lack a representation of urban areas. Here, we use a newly-developed urban climate emulator framework in combination with global climate simulations to show that, at the urban scale a large proportion of the uncertainty results from choices of model parameter and structural design in projecting UHWs in the next several decades under climate change. Omission of the model parameter and structural uncertainty would considerably underestimate the risk of UHWs. Results show that, for cities in the four high-stake regions, the Great Lakes region of North America, Southern Europe, Central India, and North China, a virtually unlikely (0.1% probability) UHW event is estimated by our model with probabilities of 13.91%, 5.49%, 2.78%, and 13.39% respectively in 2061–2070 under a high-emission scenario. Our findings highlight that for urban-scale extremes, decision-makers and stakeholders have to account for the multi-model uncertainties if decisions are informed based on climate simulations. |
| Date: | 2020–06–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:eartha:f5pwa&r=all |
| By: | Vivas, Jonathan; Takagi, Chifumi; Kirimi, Lilian; Kim, Man-Keun |
| Keywords: | Productivity Analysis, Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304301&r=all |
| By: | Zhaojun Wang; Duy Nong; Amanda M. Countryman; James J. Corbett; Travis Warziniack |
| Abstract: | Global ballast water management regulations aiming to decrease aquatic species invasion require actions that can increase shipping costs. We employ an integrated shipping cost and global economic modeling approach to investigate the impacts of ballast water regulations on bilateral trade, national economies, and shipping patterns. Given the potential need for more stringent regulation at regional hotspots of species invasions, this work considers two ballast water treatment policy scenarios: implementation of current international regulations, and a possible stricter regional regulation that targets ships traveling to and from the United States while other vessels continue to face current standards. We find that ballast water management compliance costs under both scenarios lead to modest negative impacts on international trade and national economies overall. However, stricter regulations applied to U.S. ports are expected to have large negative impacts on bilateral trade of several specific commodities for a few countries. Trade diversion causes decreased U.S. imports of some products, leading to minor economic welfare losses. |
| Date: | 2020–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2008.11334&r=all |
| By: | Soh, Moonwon; Wade, Tara; Borisova, Tatiana |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304587&r=all |
| By: | Boufous, Sawssan; Hudson, Darren; Carpio, Carlos; Malaga, Jaime |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural Finance, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304180&r=all |
| By: | MacDonald, James M. |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2020–09–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:uerser:305202&r=all |
| By: | M L, Nithyashree; Pal, Suresh; Singh, Alka; Girish Kumar, Jha |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Marketing, Productivity Analysis |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304352&r=all |
| By: | Roy Allen; John Rehbeck |
| Abstract: | We propose a conceptual framework for counterfactual and welfare analysis for approximate models. Our key assumption is that model approximation error is the same magnitude at new choices as the observed data. Applying the framework to quasilinear utility, we obtain bounds on quantities at new prices using an approximate law of demand. We then bound utility differences between bundles and welfare differences between prices. All bounds are computable as linear programs. We provide detailed analytical results describing how the data map to the bounds including shape restrictions that provide a foundation for plug-in estimation. An application to gasoline demand illustrates the methodology. |
| Date: | 2020–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2009.03379&r=all |
| By: | Yehouenou, Lauriane; Morgan, Stephen N.; Grogan, Kelly A. |
| Keywords: | Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304627&r=all |
| By: | Cheng, Nieyan; Zhang, Wendong; Xiong, Tao |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304266&r=all |
| By: | Sarasty, Oscar; Cabrera, Tania; Carpio, Carlos E. |
| Keywords: | Demand and Price Analysis, Marketing, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304603&r=all |
| By: | Léonard Nkouka Safoulanitou; Mathias Marie Adrien Ndinga (Université Marin Ngouabi, Brazzaville Congo) |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aer:wpaper:195&r=all |
| By: | Lima Miquelluti, Daniel; Ozaki, Vitor; Miquelluti, David J. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Finance, Risk and Uncertainty, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304288&r=all |
| By: | Dumas, Christelle; Játiva, Ximena (Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences) |
| Abstract: | Spatial isolation is considered as one of the main determinants of poverty. Therefore, many transport investments are undertaken with a stated objective of poverty reduction. In our paper, we evaluate a Tanzanian program that rehabilitated 2500km of major roads between 2008 and 2013. We deal with endogenous placement issues with a household fixed-effect strategy combined with a propensity score matching. Contrary to most studies, we find damaging effects of the road on the rural population: the price of the main product (rice) decreases, they reduce rice production and reallocate labor away from farm but opportunities of o_-farm work are scarce. This results in depressed wages and households declare a lower satisfaction. This is consistent with a situation where rural households face an increased competition due to lower transportation costs. |
| Keywords: | Roads; Poverty; Rural households; Africa |
| JEL: | O12 O13 J43 O15 O18 |
| Date: | 2020–09–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fri:fribow:fribow00518&r=all |
| By: | Bousebata, Meryem; Enjolras, Geoffroy; Girard, Stéphane |
| Keywords: | Risk and Uncertainty, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Agricultural Finance |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304313&r=all |
| By: | Zhao, Chong; Colson, Gregory J.; Karali, Berna; Philippidis, George |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural Finance, Productivity Analysis |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304426&r=all |
| By: | Norton, Benjamin P.; Hoel, Jessica B.; Michelson, Hope |
| Keywords: | International Development, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304444&r=all |
| By: | Tabe-Ojong, Martin Paul Jr; Heckelei, Thomas; Baylis, Kathy |
| Keywords: | International Development, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304580&r=all |
| By: | Buccella, Domenico; Fanti, Luciano; Gori, Luca |
| Abstract: | This research analyses the firms’ strategic choice of adopting an abatement technology in an environment with pollution externalities when the government levies an emission tax to incentivise firms undertaking emission-reducing actions. A set of different Nash equilibria – ranging from dirty to green production – arises in both quantity-setting (Cournot) and price-setting (Bertrand) duopolies depending on the societal awareness towards environmental quality and the relative importance of technological progress in abatement adopted by firms. A synthesis of the main results is the following: if the awareness of the society towards a clean environment is relatively low (resp. high) and the index measuring the relative cost of abatement is relatively high (resp. low), the strategic interaction between two independent, competing and selfish (profit maximising) firms playing the abatement game leads to not to abate [NA] (resp. to abate [A]) as the Pareto efficient outcome: no conflict exists between self-interest and mutual benefit to do not undertake (resp. to undertake) emission-reducing actions. Multiple Nash equilibria or a “green” prisoner’s dilemma may also emerge in pure strategies. When the choice of adopting a green technology is a deadlock (anti-prisoner’s dilemma), the society is better off as social welfare under A is always larger than under NA because pollution and environmental damage are higher in the latter scenario. These findings suggest that living in a sustainable environment challenges the development of clean technologies through ad hoc R&D and the improvement of public education to achieve an eco-responsible attitude. |
| Keywords: | “Green” production,Abatement,Emissions tax,Cournot and Bertrand duopolies |
| JEL: | H23 L1 M5 Q58 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:636&r=all |
| By: | Asci, Serhat; Ramaswamy, Karthik; Devadoss, Stephen; Konduru, Srinivasa P. |
| Keywords: | International Relations/Trade, Agricultural and Food Policy, Agribusiness |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304532&r=all |
| By: | Zeballos, Eliana |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety |
| Date: | 2020–09–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:uerser:305200&r=all |
| By: | Alabi Reuben Adeolu; Oshobugie Ojor Adams (Universität Bremen,Germany) |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aer:wpaper:390&r=all |
| By: | Khanam, Taznoore; Pede, Valerien O.; Wheatley, W. Parker |
| Keywords: | International Development, Risk and Uncertainty, Institutional and Behavioral Economics |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304414&r=all |
| By: | Stortz, Laura; Lee, Yu Na; Von Massow, Michael |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304581&r=all |
| By: | Jeddi, Behzad; DePaula, Guilherme M.; Fortes, Ary |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304489&r=all |
| By: | Yang, Meng; Qiu, Feng; Huang, Weihua |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Labor and Human Capital |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304407&r=all |
| By: | Prasad Sankar Bhattacharya (Deakin University) |
| Abstract: | This chapter sheds light on important relationships between land and macroeconomics. Given the broad nature of the topic involving land and macroeconomics to be discussed within a chapter, we pin down our attention on three related themes. In the first theme, we highlight how land influences macroeconomic variables like economic growth and development in the rural context. The second theme presents an overview of land dynamics on macroeconomics within the urban setup. Finally, we lay out new empirical evidence analysing how major land reforms in the world where end-users rights on land were transferred to the beneficiaries could usher in enhanced development through urbanization. The chapter concludes with pertinent policy choices and suggestions for future research. |
| Keywords: | Rural land, urban land, property rights, land tenure, end-user rights, urbanization |
| JEL: | O11 O18 O47 Q15 |
| Date: | 2020–07–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cth:wpaper:gru_2020_018&r=all |
| By: | Hazrana, Jaweriah; Kishore, Avinash; Roy, Devesh |
| Keywords: | Production Economics, Agricultural and Food Policy, Demand and Price Analysis |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304490&r=all |
| By: | Plogmann, Jana; Mußhoff, Oliver; Odening, Martin; Ritter, Matthias |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304514&r=all |
| By: | Hopkins, Kelsey A.; McKendree, Melissa G. S.; Rice, Emma D. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Marketing |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304519&r=all |
| By: | Luke Oyesola Olarinde (Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Nigeria) |
| Abstract: | This study analyses technical efficiency differentials and their determinants among maize farmers in Nigeria. A total sample of 300 maize farmers from Oyo and Kebbi States (150 from each) was selected, and data on input-output and socioeconomic variables were collected and analysed using descriptive statistical methods and by applying a translog frontier production function to the data. Results show that in the two states surveyed, the sizes of farms were small, and they were mostly managed by hired labour in Oyo State, and by family labour in Kebbi State. The results also indicate that the sampled farmers are not technically efficient, with mean technical efficiencies of only 0.5588 and 0.5758 in Oyo and Kebbi states, respectively. However, there are increasing returns to scale in both states. The main determinants of technical efficiency were found to include extension services and farm distance in the two states, farming experience in Oyo State, and credit accessibility, number of other crops grown and rainfall (precipitation) in Kebbi State. Furthermore, the study found that the differences in the mean technical efficiency levels of the farmers did not emanate from the absolute differences in the individual efficiencies among the farmers in the various farming communities. Nonetheless, there were significant absolute differences in the mean efficiencies among farmers in the zones of each of the two states, and the difference in the mean technical efficiencies of the two states was found to be highly significant. The study concludes that there is considerable room for improving the technical efficiencies in the two states. This, however, calls for the motivation of the farmers by making available more production inputs. It is suggested that these farmers are empowered with appropriate financial means to acquire these inputs and to hire more labour. In this way, farmers will be able to allocate more land to maize cultivation. When this is done, farmers’ productivity will improve, resulting in maximum return of farmers’ output (in quantity and value terms) per input use and, consequently, increasing their income. This will ultimately reduce hunger and alleviate poverty. |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aer:wpaper:232&r=all |
| By: | Dorosh, Paul A.; Thurlow, James; Pradesha, Angga; Raihan, Selim |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Risk and Uncertainty, International Development |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304635&r=all |
| By: | Alia, Didier Y.; Wineman, Ayala Y.; Anderson, C. Leigh |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, International Development, Labor and Human Capital |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304474&r=all |
| By: | Leavens, Laura; Bauchet, Jonathan; Ricker-Gilbert, Jacob |
| Keywords: | International Development, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Institutional and Behavioral Economics |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304562&r=all |
| By: | Dietz, Simon; Niehörster, Falk |
| Abstract: | Ambiguity about the probability of loss is a salient feature of catastrophe risk insurance. Evidence shows that insurers charge higher premiums under ambiguity, but that they rely on simple heuristics to do so, rather than being able to turn to pricing tools that formally link ambiguity with the insurer’s underlying economic objective. In this paper, we apply an α-maxmin model of insurance pricing to two catastrophe model data sets relating to hurricane risk. The pricing model considers an insurer who maximises expected profit, but is sensitive to how ambiguity affects its risk of ruin. We estimate ambiguity loads and show how these depend on the insurer’s attitude to ambiguity, α. We also compare these results with those derived from applying model blending techniques that have recently gained popularity in the actuarial profession, and show that model blending can imply relatively low aversion to ambiguity, possibly ambiguity seeking. |
| Keywords: | ambiguity; catastrophe modelling; insurance; model blending; natural disasters; ES/R009708/1 |
| JEL: | D81 G22 Q54 |
| Date: | 2020–08–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:106116&r=all |
| By: | Zhao, Shuoli; Skevas, Teo; Chai, Yuan; Tack, Jesse B. |
| Keywords: | Risk and Uncertainty, Production Economics, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304574&r=all |