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on Agricultural Economics |
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Issue of 2020‒09‒14
53 papers chosen by |
| By: | Sahan T. M. Dissanayake (Portland State University); Sarah Jacobson (Williams College) |
| Abstract: | Payments for ecosystem services programs use a market-based approach to pursue environmental goals. While they are common policy tools, key concepts that can determine their efficacy are nuanced and hard to grasp. We present a new interactive game that explores the functioning and implications of payments for ecosystem services programs. Participants play the role of rural households in a developing country. They decide individually or as groups whether to enter into contracts to receive payment from the United Nations REDD+ program to refrain from harvesting from a local forest. The game explores topics including: payments for ecosystem services programs; climate change; tropical deforestation; cost-effectiveness; additionality; contract fraud and enforcement; and community resource management. We provide customizable materials, a detailed reading list, and prompts for discussion. |
| Keywords: | classroom game, payments for ecosystem services, REDD+, market-based regulation |
| JEL: | A22 Q23 Q54 Q56 Q57 Q58 |
| Date: | 2020–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wil:wileco:2020-06&r=all |
| By: | Hirvonen, Kalle; Mohammed, Belay; Minten, Bart; Tamru, Seneshaw |
| Abstract: | It is widely feared that the COVID-19 pandemic will lead to a significant worsening of the food security situation in low and middle-income countries. One reason for this is the disruption of food marketing systems and subsequent changes in farm and consumer prices. Based on primary data in Ethiopia collected just before the start and a few months into the pandemic, we assess changes in farm and consumer prices of four major vegetables and the contribution of different segments of the rural-urban value chain in urban retail price formation. We find large, but heterogeneous, price changes for different vegetables with relatively larger changes seen at the farm level, compared to the consumer level, leading to winners and losers among local vegetable farmers due to pandemicrelated trade disruptions. We further note that despite substantial hurdles in domestic trade reported by most value chain agents, increases in marketing – and especially transportation – costs have not been the major contributor to overall changes in retail prices. Marketing margins even declined for half of the vegetables studied. The relatively small changes in marketing margins overall indicate the resilience of these domestic value chains during the pandemic in Ethiopia. |
| Keywords: | ETHIOPIA; EAST AFRICA; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA; AFRICA; Coronavirus; coronavirus disease; Coronavirinae; marketing; pandemics; food; vegetables; food security; food systems; value chains; trade; prices; food prices; Covid-19; value chain analysis |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:esspwp:150&r=all |
| By: | Minten, Bart; Mohammed, Belay; Tamru, Seneshaw |
| Abstract: | Driven by the fast spread of private irrigation pumps, there has been a rapid expansion of intensive vegetable cultivation in the central Rift Valley in Ethiopia, making it the most important commercial vegetable production cluster in the country. Supporting that “quiet revolution” has been an inflow of migrant laborers – paid through daily, monthly, or piecemeal contracts, with few employment benefits attached to them – and a gig economy as widely-used contractors organize, among others, mechanized land preparation, the digging of wells and ponds, seedling propagation, and loading of trucks. Almost 60 percent of the irrigated area is cultivated by medium-scale tenant farmers relying on short-term rental contracts. It seems that gig economies characterized by flexible contract arrangements implemented by outside contractors, which are increasingly fueling sophisticated sectors in developed countries, are important in these commercial agrarian settings in Africa as well. We further find that the COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant disruptions of this model, as seen by more limited access to services and the unavailability or high price increases in factor markets, especially for labor. We further note large but heterogenous price changes in output markets. The pandemic seems especially to have had important effects on the medium-scale tenant farmers as they depend relatively more than smallholders on outside inputs, labor markets, and these gig economies. However, on the other hand, they benefit more than smallholders from favorable output markets for vegetables. |
| Keywords: | ETHIOPIA; EAST AFRICA; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA; AFRICA; tenant farmers; Coronavirus; coronavirus disease; Coronavirinae; commercial farming; vegetable crops; food production; price elasticities; food prices; Covid-19; gig economy |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:esspwp:149&r=all |
| By: | Agyei-Holmes,Andrew; Buehren,Niklas; Goldstein,Markus P.; Osei,Robert Darko; Osei-Akoto,Isaac; Udry,Christopher Robert |
| Abstract: | Smallholder farmers'investment decisions and the efficiency of resource allocation depend on the security of land tenure. This paper develops a simple model that captures essential institutional features of rural land markets in Ghana, including the dependence of future rights over land on current cultivation and land rental decisions. The model predictions guide the evaluation of a pilot land titling intervention that took place in an urbanizing area located in the Central Region of Ghana. The evaluation is based on a regression discontinuity design combined with three rounds of household survey data collected over a period of six years. The analysis finds strong markers for the program's success in registering land in the targeted program area. However, land registration does not translate into agricultural investments or increased credit taking. Instead, treated households decrease their amount of agricultural labor, accompanied by only a small reduction of agricultural production and no changes in productivity. In line with this result, households decrease their landholdings amid a surge in land valuations. The analysis uncovers important within-household differences in how women and men respond differentially to the program. There appears to be a general shift to nonfarm economic activities, and women's business profits increased considerably. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Economics,Legal Reform,Legislation,Regulatory Regimes,Social Policy,Common Property Resource Development,Legal Products,Judicial System Reform,Gender and Development,Food Security |
| Date: | 2020–09–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:9376&r=all |
| By: | Thomas Bonvillain (I4CE-Institute for Climate Economics); Claudine Foucherot (I4CE-Institute for Climate Economics); Valentin Bellassen (CESAER - Centre d'Economie et de Sociologie Rurales Appliquées à l'Agriculture et aux Espaces Ruraux - AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | This study was carried out in the context of the reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) for the period 2021-2027: one of the key elements of this reform is the shift towards an obligation of results for some subsidies. Supported by specific cases, we first show that the distinction between the obligation of means and the obligation of results is overly simplistic. The pure obligation of results in the environmental field never truly exists, and practical examples fall on a continuum of estimates of results with varying degrees of accuracy. An estimation of the costs of six instruments found on this continuum (Green Payments (GPs), Agri-Environment- Climate Measures (AECMs), organic conversion support, High Environmental Value certification (HEV), and two carbon certification systems) enables us to draw several conclusions. First, the obligation of results is not necessarily more costly than the obligation of means: AECMs for example, which are generally considered as obligations of means, are more expensive to administer than carbon certification systems, which are typically considered as obligations of results. The genericity of the instrument plays a key role, making it possible to spread the design and monitoring costs across a large number of farmers. Next, as regards the effectiveness of the instrument in terms of environmental impact, working towards an obligation of results does not appear to be decisive per se. Two factors are, however: the ambition of the instrument and the level of additionality required, for example by making subsidies conditional upon demonstrating an improvement over an initial state. Finally, the specific advantage of shifting towards an obligation of results seems to be that it facilitates the environmental assessment of the CAP, which would make it possible to redirect support where necessary according to this impact data, which is currently unavailable. The reform of the CAP opens up the possibility of introducing new types of payment in the context of the eco-schemes under the first pillar, and especially the carbon certification systems. Indeed, these systems give a good deal of attention to the issue of additionality. Since they are neither more costly to implement nor less effective than an AECM type instrument, they could begin to emerge within the CAP. Moreover, the example of support for organic agriculture shows that basing CAP subsidies on external labels is not without precedent. |
| Keywords: | Common agricultural policy CAP,Greenhouse gas GHG,obligation of results,certification,agri-environment-climate measures,High Environmental Value certification (HEV),Green Payments (GPs),organic farming,label bas carbone,Carbon offsetting |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-02894104&r=all |
| By: | Nicholas Ryan; Anant Sudarshan |
| Abstract: | Common resources may be managed with inefficient policies for the sake of equity. We study how rationing the commons shapes the efficiency and equity of resource use, in the context of agricultural groundwater use in Rajasthan, India. We find that rationing binds on input use, such that farmers, despite trivial prices for water extraction, use roughly the socially optimal amount of water on average. The rationing regime is still grossly inefficient, because it misallocates water across farmers, lowering productivity. Pigouvian reform would increase agricultural surplus by 12% of household income, yet fall well short of a Pareto improvement over rationing. |
| JEL: | D24 O13 Q15 Q56 |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:27473&r=all |
| By: | Amare, Mulubrhan; Abay, Kibrom A.; Tiberti, Luca; Chamberlin, Jordan |
| Abstract: | This paper combines pre-pandemic face-to-face survey data with follow up phone surveys collected in April-May 2020 to quantify the overall and differential impacts of COVID-19 on household food security, labor market participation and local food prices in Nigeria. We exploit spatial variation in exposure to COVID-19 related infections and lockdown measures along with temporal differences in our outcomes of interest using a difference-in-difference approach. We find that those households exposed to higher COVID-19 cases or mobility lockdowns experience a significant increase in measures of food insecurity. Examining possible transmission channels for this effect, we find that COVID-19 significantly reduces labor market participation and increases food prices. We find that impacts differ by economic activities and households. For instance, lockdown measures increased households' experience of food insecurity by 12 percentage points and reduced the probability of participation in non-farm business activities by 13 percentage points. These lockdown measures have smaller impacts on wage-related activities and farming activities. In terms of food security, households relying on non-farm businesses, poorer households, those with school-aged children, and those living in remote and conflicted-affected zones have experienced relatively larger deteriorations in food insecurity. These findings can help inform immediate and medium-term policy responses, including social protection policies aiming at ameliorating the impacts of the pandemic, as well as guide targeting strategies of governments and international donor agencies by identifying the most impacted sub-populations. |
| Keywords: | NIGERIA; WEST AFRICA; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA; AFRICA; Coronavirus; coronavirus disease; Coronavirinae; food security; labour market; food prices; households; poverty; farming systems; social protection; food systems; Covid-19; phone surveys; labor market participation |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:1956&r=all |
| By: | Abdul Malik Iddrisu; Dede W. A. Gafa; Maliha Abubakari; Christian Arnault Emini; Olivier Beaumais |
| Abstract: | We examined the economy-wide impact of a fertilizer-subsidy programme in Ghana with a focus on agricultural-sector productivity, overall economic growth, employment, and welfare. We adopted a modified version of the standard PEP-1-t model. Our results suggest that the fertilizer-subsidy programme improved GDP growth and sector-based productivity— notably, in the main agricultural subsectors and the food industry. Specifically, compared to the business-as-usual scenario, the implementation of the fertilizer-subsidy programme in 2017 improved the productivity of the maize, sorghum, and rice subsectors by about 8.3%, 4.5%, and 3.8%, respectively. These effects were, however, about four-times, three-times, and six-times higher in 2020 than their 2017 levels, respectively. We also observed important positive effects on the value-added of the food industry, indicating the presence of a backward linkage with agriculture. The unemployment rate among skilled labour (except urban skilled labour in agricultural) fell under the programme, and the decline in unemployment was relatively more pronounced for rural skilled labour in non-agricultural activities. In addition, we found evidence of positive effects on household consumption and, subsequently, on welfare. Based on these findings, we recommend that the fertilizer-subsidy programme be implemented and, if possible, extended beyond its planned implementation period. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural sector, Fertilizer subsidies, Productivity, Economic Growth, Employment, CGE modelling |
| JEL: | C68 D24 I32 Q18 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lvl:mpiacr:2020-05&r=all |
| By: | Carolina Corral; Xavier Giné; Aprajit Mahajan; Enrique Seira |
| Abstract: | We explore heterogeneity in soil quality, lack of knowledge and autonomy as explanations for the low adoption of improved agricultural practices using a randomized field experiment that combined localized soil analyses, tailored input recommendations, extension services and an in-kind grant. We find that while neither the degree of recommendation specificity (plot vs cluster level) nor the extent of autonomy (defined as the freedom of choice in spending the in-kind grant) had any effect on adoption during the intervention, farmers with autonomy had substantially higher adoption of improved practices two years after the intervention ended. |
| JEL: | D01 O33 Q12 |
| Date: | 2020–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:27681&r=all |
| By: | Cavatassi, Romina; Mabiso, Athur; Brueckmann, Peter |
| Abstract: | The Coastal Community Development Project (CCDP), implemented between 2013 and 2017, was designed to reduce poverty and achieve sustainable economic growth in 12 coastal districts of Indonesia. The project took a comprehensive approach, combining sustainable marine and coastal natural resource management with economic and livelihood development in coastal and small island communities where poverty was endemic. It invested in fisheries, aquaculture, and related marketing and support structures. Project participants were provided with fishing gear and motorized engines for their fishing boats, enabling them to fish further from the coast, and thus catch a more diverse array of higher-value fish. They were linked to profitable markets, and fish processing groups were established that primarily enabled local women to process and market fish. Infrastructure groups were created to construct village information centers, fish smokehouses, processing warehouses and marketplaces. Additionally, the project provided cooler boxes to store fresh fish and reduce post-harvest losses. It also offered support for food-safety certification. Steps were taken to improve the governance and management of marine resources, including through village-based integrated coastal management plans and the designation of marine protection areas. An impact assessment of CCDP was conducted in 2018. The assessment used a mixed-methods approach that combined quantitative household-level and community-level surveys and a qualitative survey (focus groups discussions and key informant interviews). |
| Keywords: | Food Security and Poverty, Marketing |
| Date: | 2019–08–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:unadia:305184&r=all |
| By: | Gulati, Ashok; Juneja, Ritika |
| Abstract: | Indian agriculture is dominated by smallholders. With an average holding size of just 1.08 hectares (ha) (in 2015-16), and 86 percent of holdings being of less than 2 ha in size, Indian agriculture transformed the country from functioning ‘ship-to-mouth’ during the mid-1960s to being a net exporter of agri-produce today. This would not have been possible without the onset of the Green Revolution post-1965, which resulted in increased foodgrain production and productivity. Among various inputs such as seeds, irrigation and fertilizers, the productivity of farms also depends greatly on the availability and judicious use of farm power by the farmers. Between the mid-20th century and 2013-14, India witnessed a tremendous shift away from traditional agriculture processes to mechanized processes. Today, 88 percent of the total farm power comes from tractors, diesel engine pump-sets, electric pump-sets and power tillers (2013-14). Additionally, India has emerged as the largest manufacturer of tractors in the world, followed by the USA and China. But how has farm mechanization, especially the use of tractors, evolved in India over time? What were the key drivers of the demand for tractors? And how efficiently are the tractors being used in terms of usage by number of hours/year? Given the high cost of tractors, it is also interesting to see how far they have penetrated the small and marginal holdings, i.e., the issues of inclusiveness, financial viability and sustainability. These are some of the key questions that are addressed in this study. Our analysis shows that farm mechanization in India, especially the use of tractors, has made commendable progress. With major policy changes, entry of private farm machinery manufacturing companies and foreign collaborations, farm power availability increased from 0.25 kilowatt per hectare (kW/ha) in 1951 to 2.02 kW/ha in 2017. Furthermore, the contribution of mechanized sources to farm power increased from some 3 percent in 1951 to 88 percent in 2013-14, replacing human and draught power. In addition, the production of tractors increased significantly from a meager 880 units in 1951 to about 900,000 units in 2019. This has transformed India from being a net importer of tractors through the 1960s and 1970s to being an exporter of tractors, exporting some 92,000 units in 2019. In terms of inclusiveness, although larger farms are more mechanized, the Input Census data (2011-12) reveals that even in the category of small and marginal holdings (less than 2 ha), an average of roughly 44 percent of farmers use farm machinery (e.g., tractors, diesel engine pump sets, electric pump sets and power tillers). This is a good achievement, but further improvements are always possible and major attempts in this direction are already underway with heavy policy support through Custom Hiring Centres (CHCs). However, the fact that farm machinery is expensive also raises concerns over whether it is financially viable and sustainable to own and use on smallholder farms. It is therefore important to look at unfolding innovations providing farm machinery services through ‘CHCs’ and ‘Uberization’ models. These innovations make farm machinery and equipments perfectly divisible as a service to all classes of farmers at the doorstep at affordable cost on a ‘pay per use’ basis. This seems to be the future of farm machinery usage in India, if it is developed as a sustainable business model with due support of policy and finance. |
| Keywords: | Farm Management, Food Security and Poverty, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| Date: | 2020–09–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:ubzefd:305188&r=all |
| By: | Soma, Chakrabarti |
| Abstract: | The Land Tenure Security Advantage presents an overview of IFAD’s engagement in securing land tenure for the rural poor, specifically through the lens of its mainstreaming priorities for inclusive and sustainable rural transformation: gender equality and women’s empowerment, youth employment, indigenous peoples, and climate change and the environment. The report first presents the importance of land tenure for global commitments relevant to IFAD’s mandate, together with some important challenges. It then explains how IFAD is tackling those challenges. Five case studies from each of IFAD’s regions of intervention illustrate IFAD’s support for land tenure security in practice. Lastly, the final section looks ahead to new initiatives. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2020–06–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:unadas:304751&r=all |
| By: | Corral,Carolina; Gine,Xavier; Mahajan,Aprajit; Seira,Enrique |
| Abstract: | This paper explores heterogeneity in soil quality, lack of knowledge, and autonomy as explanations for the low adoption of improved agricultural practices. The paper uses data from a randomized field experiment that combined localized soil analyses, tailored input recommendations, extension services, and an in-kind grant. The analysis finds that while neither the degree of recommendation specificity (plot versus cluster level) nor the extent of autonomy (defined as the freedom of choice in spending the in-kind grant) had any effect on adoption during the intervention, farmers with autonomy had substantially higher adoption of improved practices two years after the intervention ended. |
| Date: | 2020–08–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:9367&r=all |
| By: | Babatunde Abidoye (United Nations Development Programme); Sahan T. M. Dissanayake (Portland State University); Sarah Jacobson (Williams College) |
| Abstract: | We introduce an interactive game exploring ecosystem-based adaptation to climate change, with a focus on technology adoption and uncertainty. The game is useful in academic classes and trainings for policymakers and stakeholders. Participants play the role of small-scale farmers in a developing country where their farming practices cause erosion that pollutes waterways, while at the same time climate change is making farmers more vulnerable to natural threats like flooding. The game gives participants a series of opportunities to adopt ecosystem-based adaptation practices: for example, a riparian buffer strip, low-till farming, and agroforestry. The practices differ in the uncertainty surrounding their effects on yields. The game deploys three policies to encourage adoption: a flat payment, a conservation auction, and a flat payment with a pilot bonus for early adoption. Players observe each other’s choices and outcomes, which allows for social learning. Participants get a hands-on understanding of climate change impact and adaptation, ecosystem services, payment for ecosystem service programs, choice under uncertainty, social learning, adoption of new technology, learning spillovers, cost-effective conservation, and conservation auctions. We provide all materials necessary to run the game, plus suggested readings and suggestions for discussions and assignments. |
| Keywords: | classroom game, climate change adaptation, ecosystem-based adaptation, learning, payment for environmental services, technology adoption, uncertainty |
| JEL: | A20 D80 Q16 Q54 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2020–08–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wil:wileco:2020-08&r=all |
| By: | de Brauw, Alan; Kramer, Berber; Murphy, Mike |
| Abstract: | As a substantial portion of the rural labor force migrates to urban areas, it is commonly assumed that women could take over traditionally male tasks in agricultural production, with potentially empowering outcomes for women. We study how changes in the supply of labor may influence female labor participation and empowerment outcomes. Using a detailed panel dataset on jute producers in Bangladesh, we test whether out-migration of household members and perceived labor shortages are associated with the share of household and hired labor performed by women, and women’s empowerment. When a household experiences reduced household or hired labor supply, we observe a relatively larger use of female household labor but not of female hired labor. We find that reduced male household labor supply is associated with improved wages mainly for male laborers, whereas reduced female household labor is associated with improved wages for male laborers and enhanced empowerment of other women in the household. These findings suggest that given existing gender norms, male and female labor are not perfect substitutes for one another, and as a result, male outmigration is not associated with improved outcomes for women in cash crop production. Our results demonstrate a need for better understanding of the role of gender in rural labor markets, particularly in contexts of rapid urbanization. |
| Keywords: | BANGLADESH; SOUTH ASIA; ASIA; migration; rural areas; urban areas; empowerment; gender; women; women's empowerment; agriculture; value chains; labour; households; agricultural value chain; rural-urban migration |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:1959&r=all |
| By: | Bakhtmina Zia; Dr Muhammad Rafiq PhD Research Scholar; Institute of Management Sciences; Peshawar; Pakistan; Associate Professor; Institute of Management Sciences; Peshawar; Pakistan |
| Abstract: | The paper is a collection of knowledge regarding the phenomenon of climate change, competitiveness, and literature linking the two phenomena to agricultural market competitiveness. The objective is to investigate the peer reviewed and grey literature on the subject to explore the link between climate change and agricultural market competitiveness and also explore an appropriate technique to validate the presumed relationship empirically. The paper concludes by identifying implications for developing an agricultural competitiveness index while incorporating the climate change impacts, to enhance the potential of agricultural markets for optimizing the agricultural sectors competitiveness. |
| Date: | 2020–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2008.13726&r=all |
| By: | Gaddis,Isis; Siwatu,Gbemisola Oseni; Palacios-Lopez,Amparo; Pieters,Janneke |
| Abstract: | The 19th International Conference of Labour Statisticians (in 2013) redefined labor statistics standards. A major change was to narrow the definition of employment to work for pay or profit. By the revised standards, farming that is only or mainly intended for own use is no longer considered employment, and such a farmer is no longer considered to be employed or in the labor force. This paper analyzes the implications of the revised standards on measures of employment in Sub-Saharan Africa obtained from multi-topic household surveys. It shows that, in some contexts, 70 to 80 percent of farmers produce only or mainly for family consumption and are therefore, based on this activity, not considered employed by the revised standards. However, there is wide variation across countries and regions. Moreover, farmers are more likely to report intending to produce for sale at the end of the growing season of the main local crop than earlier in the season. Men are more likely than women to produce for sale. The revised standards lead to significantly lower employment-to-population ratios in rural Africa and change the sectoral composition of the employed population toward non-agricultural sectors. The paper concludes with recommendations for data producers and users. |
| Keywords: | Food Security,Livestock and Animal Husbandry,Climate Change and Agriculture,Crops and Crop Management Systems,Labor&Employment Law,Labor Markets |
| Date: | 2020–08–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:9370&r=all |
| By: | Kévin Bernard (SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - AGROCAMPUS OUEST - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Aurélie Bonein (CREM - Centre de recherche en économie et management - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UR1 - Université de Rennes 1 - UNIV-RENNES - Université de Rennes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Douadia Bougherara (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - FRE2010 - UM - Université de Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | In community-supported agriculture (CSA), consumers face a tradeoff between (i.) the desire to support a CSA farmer and obtain environmentally-friendly goods and (ii.) the risk associated with a long-term commitment. We elicit inequality aversion and risk preferences of a sample of 162 French CSA consumers using incen-tivized field experiments. We find that CSA consumers are concerned about payoff inequalities. While we obtain evidence of advantageous inequality aversion toward CSA farmers, we also find disadvantageous inequality seeking. We find that CSA consumers are risk averse and loss averse and distort probabilities. We also observe that inequality and risk preferences in the loss domain might complement each other to strengthen consumers' support for CSA farmers. |
| Keywords: | Community supported agriculture,Field experiment,Risk aversion,Inequality aversion preferences |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02541728&r=all |
| By: | Schneider, Kate; Masters, William; Webb, Patrick; Christiaensen, Luc |
| Keywords: | International Development, Demand and Price Analysis, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304483&r=all |
| By: | Wen, Gaohui; Hu, Xianhui; Li, Mengyao; Yang, Gangqiao |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural Finance, Labor and Human Capital |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304633&r=all |
| By: | Giacomo Falchetta (Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM) and Cattolica University); Nicolò Stevanato (Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM) and Politecnico di Milano, Department of Energy); Magda Moner-Girona (European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC)); Davide Mazzoni (Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM)); Emanuela Colombo (Politecnico di Milano, Department of Energy); Manfred Hafner (Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM), John Hopkins University SAIS and Sciences Po PSIA) |
| Abstract: | Globally about 800 million people live without electricity at home, over two thirds of which are in sub-Saharan Africa. Ending energy poverty is a key development priority because energy plays an enabling role for human wellbeing and economic activities. Planning electricity access infrastructure and allocating resources efficiently requires a careful assessment of the diverse energy needs across space, time, and sectors. However, because of data scarcity, most country or regional-scale electrification planning studies have been based on top-down electricity demand targets. Yet, poorly representing the heterogeneity in the electricity demand can lead to inappropriate energy planning, inaccurate energy system sizing, and misleading cost assessments. Here we introduce M-LED, Multi-sectoral Latent Electricity Demand, a geospatial data processing platform to estimate electricity demand in communities that live in energy poverty. The key novelties of the platform are the multi-sectoral, bottom-up, time-explicit demand evaluation and the assessment of water-energy-agriculture-development interlinkages. We apply the methodology to the country-study of Kenya. Our findings suggest that a bottom-up approach to evaluating energy needs across space, time, and sectors is likely to improve the reliability and accuracy of supply-side electrification modelling and therefore of electrification planning and policy. |
| Keywords: | Electricity Access, Energy Demand, Rural Development, Bottom-up Modelling, Sub-Saharan Africa, Multi-sectoral Approach, Water-Energy-Food-Environment Nexus |
| JEL: | Q4 Q41 O13 |
| Date: | 2020–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fem:femwpa:2020.09&r=all |
| By: | Love, Erin; Thilmany McFadden, Dawn D.; Jablonski, Becca B. R.; Bellows, Laura |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Industrial Organization, Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304588&r=all |
| By: | Meredith, Kylie; Shew, Aaron M.; Nalley, Lawton L.; Durand-Morat, Alvaro; Thoma, Greg; Parajuli, Ranjan; Henry, Christopher |
| Keywords: | Productivity Analysis, Production Economics, Agribusiness |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304336&r=all |
| By: | Pates, Nicholas J.; Kim, GwanSeon; Mark, Tyler B.; Ritter, Matthias |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304611&r=all |
| By: | Adalja, Aaron A.; Weller, Daniel; Baur, Patrick; Wiedmann, Martin |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Agricultural and Food Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304589&r=all |
| By: | Bairagi, Subir K.; Durand-Morat, Alvaro; Chavez, Eddie C.; Wailes, Eric J. |
| Keywords: | International Relations/Trade, International Development, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304290&r=all |
| By: | Hellwig, Robert (RWTH Aachen University); Atasoy, Ayse Tugba (E.ON Energy Research Center, Future Energy Consumer Needs and Behavior (FCN)); Madlener, Reinhard (E.ON Energy Research Center, Future Energy Consumer Needs and Behavior (FCN)) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the impact of social preferences and information about the value chain on the willingness to pay (WTP) for Fairtrade products. More specifically, the perceived social and economic benefits for Fairtrade farmers are analyzed in order to study whether altruistic preferences or information biases may shift consumers’ WTP. By means of an online survey, the empirical analysis is carried out for the coffee market. After grouping and comparing participants with respect to their WTP, social preferences, and demographic backgrounds, we find some evidence that consumers wrongly estimate, and lack information on, the financial benefits of Fairtrade certification that are eventually allocated to the coffee farmers. Large multinational enterprises often seem to make use of the Fairtrade system in order to gain financial and competitive advantages by “fairwashing” their products. This demonstrably leads to a higher WTP for an ethical premium that is not necessarily justified. |
| Keywords: | Social preferences; Willingness to pay; Fairtrade; Coffee market; Tobit model |
| JEL: | D63 D83 O13 Q01 Q56 |
| Date: | 2020–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:fcnwpa:2020_006&r=all |
| By: | Kibrom A. Abay Author-Name: Luca Tiberti Author-Name: Tsega G. Mezgebo Author-Name: Meron Endale |
| Abstract: | Despite evolving evidence that Africa is experiencing urbanization in a different way, empirical evaluations of the welfare implications of urban-development programs in Africa remain scant. We investigated the welfare implications of recent urbanization in rural areas and small towns in Ethiopia using household-level longitudinal data and satellite-based night-light intensity. Controlling for time-invariant unobserved heterogeneity (across individuals and localities) and exploiting intertemporal and interspatial variation in satellite-based night-light intensity, we found that urbanization, as measured by night-light intensity, was associated with significant welfare improvement. In particular, we found that a one-unit increase in night-light intensity was associated with an improvement in household welfare of about 2%. Much of this was driven by the increase in labor-market participation in the non-farm sector, mainly salaried employment, induced by urbanization. Other potential impact pathways, such as an increase in consumer prices or migration explained little (if any) of the change in household welfare. Finally, our quantile and inequality analyses suggested that the observed urbanization had a negligible effect on the distribution of household welfare. Our results can inform public policy debates on the consequences and implications of urban expansion in Africa. |
| Keywords: | urbanization, night-light intensity, welfare, labor-market outcomes, Ethiopia, sub-Saharan Africa |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lvl:pmmacr:2020-02&r=all |
| By: | Nuhu, Ahmed Salim; Liverpool-Tasie, Saweda; Titus, Awokuse; Kabwe, Stephen |
| Keywords: | International Development, Labor and Human Capital, Industrial Organization |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304468&r=all |
| By: | Graham,Errol George; Tchale,Hardwick; Ndione,Mamadou |
| Abstract: | Rice is a staple food in the West African nation of Sierra Leone with little difference in consumption between poor and wealthy households. Rice production is also an important source of livelihood with half of all households, three-quarters of rural households and about two-thirds of poor households grow rice. The final price of rice in the domestic market is an important policy issue. The policy challenge is complicated by the fact that poor households, which earn the bulk of their income from rice production, also purchase rice when own production is inadequate. Under the broad assumption that money income is a reasonable measure of well-being, this paper develops a simple model of the Sierra Leone rice sector and applies procedures to determine key outcomes in terms of domestic production, imports, and exports under conditions that maximize consumer's and producer's surplus. The paper finds that the rice sector is operating at a suboptimal level. In addition, simulations suggest that an optimal policy path to balance consumer and producer welfare and meet the higher societal objective of creating jobs requires a moderate level of tariff on imported rice, combined with structural policies to improve the productivity of the sector. |
| Keywords: | Food Security,Employment and Unemployment,Urban Housing and Land Settlements,Urban Governance and Management,Municipal Management and Reform,Urban Housing,International Trade and Trade Rules,Nutrition |
| Date: | 2020–08–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:9369&r=all |
| By: | Zoé Colombet (UMR MOISA - Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - Montpellier SupAgro - Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes); Benjamin Allès (UP13 - Université Paris 13); Marlène Perignon (UMR MOISA - Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - Montpellier SupAgro - Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes); Edwige Landais (NutriPass - Nutrition et Alimentation des Populations aux Suds - UM - Université de Montpellier - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM2 - Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques - UM1 - Université Montpellier 1 - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement); Yves Martin-Prével (NutriPass - Nutrition et Alimentation des Populations aux Suds - UM - Université de Montpellier - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM2 - Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques - UM1 - Université Montpellier 1 - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement); Marie-Josephe Amiot-Carlin (UMR MOISA - Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - Montpellier SupAgro - Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes); Nicole Darmon (UMR MOISA - Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - Montpellier SupAgro - Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes); Caroline Mejean (UMR MOISA - Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - Montpellier SupAgro - Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes) |
| Abstract: | Purpose: Despite the urgency regarding increasing rates of obesity and chronic diseases in the Caribbean, few studies described the nutrition transition. We aimed to provide such information by identifying dietary patterns in the French West Indies and their characteristics. Methods: This cross-sectional analysis included 1144 Guadeloupeans and Martinicans from a multistage sampling survey conducted on a representative sample. Dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis followed by a clustering procedure, and described using multivariable regression models. Results: Four patterns were identified: (i) a "prudent" pattern characterized by high intakes of fruits, vegetables, legumes, seafood and yogurts, low intakes of fatty and sweet products, and a high Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I); (ii) a "traditional" pattern characterized by high intakes of fruits, vegetables, tubers and fish, low intakes of red and processed meat, snacks, fast foods, and sweetened beverages, with a high DQI-I, mostly shaped by women and older persons; (iii) a "convenient" pattern characterized by high intakes of sweetened beverages, snacks, and fast foods, with the lowest DQI-I, principally shaped by young participants; (iv) a "transitioning" pattern characterized by high consumptions of bread, processed meat, sauces, alcoholic and sweetened beverages, but also high intakes of tubers, legumes, and fish, mainly shaped by men, middle aged, of whom 35% had metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: The co-existing dietary patterns in the French West Indies, marked by a generational contrast, seem to reflect different steps in dietary change as described in the literature, suggesting an ongoing nutrition transition. |
| Keywords: | Nutrition transition,Dietary patterns,Profiles of consumers,Clusters,French west indies,Food consumption |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02892328&r=all |
| By: | Savastano, Sara; Arslan, Aslihan; Balint, Tim; Rui Benfica, Rui; Cavatassi, Romina; Garbero, Alessandra; Mabiso, Athur; Paolantonio, Adriana; Songsermsawas, Tisorn; Winters, Paul |
| Abstract: | As stated in its Strategic Framework 2016-2025, the overarching goal for the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) is to invest in rural people to enable them to overcome poverty and achieve food security through remunerative, sustainable, and resilient livelihoods. IFAD pursues this goal through three closely interlinked and mutually reinforcing strategic objectives: (i) increasing rural people’s productive capacities; (ii) increasing rural people’s benefits from market participation; and (iii) strengthening the environmental sustainability and climate resilience of rural people’s economic activities. To hold itself accountable on progress made in achieving this goal and these three strategic objectives, IFAD has adopted a unique approach to reporting impact at the corporate level, building on rigorous project-level evaluations. This report provides the results of these efforts to assess the corporate impact of IFAD investments for the Tenth Replenishment of IFAD’s Resources (IFAD10) period of 2016-2018. Corporate impact is founded on the impact of individual IFAD-funded interventions. This report provides an overview of corporate impact estimates, which determine whether IFAD met its IFAD10 targets, as well as project-level results including lessons learned from the project-level analysis. The report includes the main results of the impact assessment of individual projects. Out of a total portfolio of 104 projects completed during the 2016-20181 replenishment period, 19 have been evaluated through 17 studies, spanning the five IFAD regions. Overall, the 17 impact assessments completed as part of IFAD10 show significant impacts on the lives of project beneficiaries relative to the corporate goal of greater economic mobility and its three supporting strategic objectives. In line with these findings, the results of the corporate impact assessment show that IFAD10 has exceeded its targets for its overall goal of fostering economic mobility and for two of the three strategic objectives. |
| Keywords: | Food Security and Poverty |
| Date: | 2019–12–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:unadia:305187&r=all |
| By: | Avuwadah, Benjamin Y.; Kropp, Jaclyn D.; Mullally, Conner C.; Morgan, Stephen N. |
| Keywords: | International Development, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Labor and Human Capital |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304417&r=all |
| By: | Liverpool-Tasie, Saweda; Nuhu, Ahmed Salim; Awokuse, Titus O.; Jayne, Thomas S.; Muyanga, Milu; Aromolaran, Adebayo; Adelaja, Adesoji |
| Keywords: | International Development, Labor and Human Capital, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304606&r=all |
| By: | Fang, Peixun; Belton, Ben; Ei Win, Hnin; Zhang, Xiaobo |
| Abstract: | The price of broilers continued to gradually decrease in the second half of July as supply increased – recent prices are close to the 2019 average. The skyrocketing rise in the price of broiler day-old-chicks stopped in July thanks to the Myanmar government having allowed since mid-May the importation of 3.8 million day-old-chicks. Egg prices continued to increase, growing by 14 percent from 2,300 MMK/viss in late June to 2,620 MMK/viss in late July. Cash flow is still very poor for broiler farms and worsened considerably in late July for layer farms. The PMI operational capacity indices for broiler and layer farms were much lower than those of 2019. The indices for June and July 2020 were very similar, suggesting that the operational capacity of both broiler and layer farms did not improve in July. The PMI revenue index for layer farms increased considerably in July but is still much lower than the revenue index for broiler farms. This finding suggests that COVID-19 has impacted the revenue of layer farms more significantly than the revenue of broiler farms. Supply shortages of day-old-chicks remain a bottleneck for both broiler and layer farms. Price increases for feed have become a new challenge. |
| Keywords: | MYANMAR, BURMA, SOUTHEAST ASIA, ASIA, Coronavirus, coronavirus disease, Coronavirinae, poultry, farmers, broiler chickens, prices, cash flow, peri-urban agriculture, Covid-19 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:myanpn:21&r=all |
| By: | Biedny, Christina; Mason, Nicole M.; Snapp, Sieglinde S.; Nord, Alison; Rubyogo, Jean-Claude; Lwehabura, Jovin |
| Keywords: | International Development, Agricultural and Food Policy, Marketing |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304358&r=all |
| By: | Liu, Wen; Larson, James A.; English, Burton C.; Boyer, Christopher M.; Clark, Christopher D.; Cho, Seong-Hoon |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Agricultural and Food Policy, Demand and Price Analysis |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304510&r=all |
| By: | Huang, Yu-Kai; Piriyathanasak, Phatchaya; Attavanich, Witsanu; Han, Doo Bong; Jithitikulchai, Theepakorn; McCarl, Bruce A. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, International Development |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304384&r=all |
| By: | Qi, Danyi; Connor, Lawson; Liu, Bingyang; Zhang, Wendong |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Agribusiness, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304655&r=all |
| By: | Duke, Joshua M.; Liu, Zhongyuan; Johnston, Robert J.; Shober, Amy |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304393&r=all |
| By: | Herrington, Caitlin L.; Taleon, Victor; Sarkar, Abdur Rouf; Rahaman, Shajedur; Birol, Ekin; Maredia, Mywish K.; Ortega, David L. |
| Keywords: | Research Methods/Statistical Methods, International Development, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304316&r=all |
| By: | Omotilewa, Oluwatoba J.; Jayne, Thomas S.; Muyanga, Milu; Aromolaranc, Adebayo; Liverpool-Tasieb, Lenis Saweda O.; Awokuseb, Titus |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, International Development, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304210&r=all |
| By: | Malacarne, Jonathan G.; Paul, Laura A.; Flatnes, Jon Einar; Boucher, Stephen R.; Carter, Michael R. |
| Keywords: | International Development, Demand and Price Analysis, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304360&r=all |
| By: | Egbendewe, Aklesso Y. G.; Lokonon, Boris; Limazie, Mazegnada |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, International Development, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304496&r=all |
| By: | Kaiyatsa, Stevier; Matita, Mirriam; Chirwa, Ephraim; Mazalale, Jacob |
| Keywords: | Marketing, Agricultural and Food Policy, International Development |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304221&r=all |
| By: | Ureta, Julie Carl; Motallebi, Marzieh; Vassalos, Michael; Ureta, Joan |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304442&r=all |
| By: | Langer, Melissa; Davidson, Kelly A.; McFadden, Brandon; Messer, Kent D. |
| Keywords: | Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Marketing |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304536&r=all |
| By: | Narayan, Tulika; Geyer, Judy; Mainville, Denise Y.; Ness-Edelstien, Betsy |
| Keywords: | International Development, Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Agribusiness |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304517&r=all |
| By: | Xue, Yang-chen; Geng, Xian-hui; Kiprop, Emmanuel; Hong, Miao |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Risk and Uncertainty, Institutional and Behavioral Economics |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304310&r=all |
| By: | Jordi Roca Jusmet (Department of Economic theory, Universidad de Barcelona, 08034, Barcelona, Spain); Emilio Padilla Rosa (Department of Applied Economics, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain) |
| Abstract: | Most statistics, analyses and policies on environmental pressures take a territorial perspective. According to this, environmental pressures are assigned to the country (region or city) in which they are generated. However, the global economy is characterised by massive flows of goods between different territories. Therefore, it is important to analyse the environmental pressures caused by domestic demands of a country, regardless of where they take place. This perspective is known as the “consumption-based” perspective and relates to the concept of environmental footprint. This article looks at some examples of this dual perspective, both in a case of a global problem, such as greenhouse gas emissions, and in other environmental indicators o more local or regional problems. The important differences between the indicators obtained with both perspectives reinforce the need to take into account the “consumption-based” perspective in order to have better information on the different responsibilities in the different environmental problems. |
| Keywords: | Consumption-based accounting; ecological problems; carbon footprint; material footprint; environmental load displacement. |
| Date: | 2020–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uab:wprdea:wpdea2007&r=all |
| By: | Deininger, Klaus W.; Gao, Xuwen; Jin, Songqing; Peng, Chao |
| Keywords: | Labor and Human Capital, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304374&r=all |
| By: | Khanal, Sita; Seavert, Clark; Gutierrez, Paul; Teegerstrom, Trent; Quinn, Jason; Summers, Hailey; Sproul, Evan; Mealing, VeeAnder; Landis, Amy; Blayney, Don; GC, Apar |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Production Economics, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304542&r=all |
| By: | Miao, Haoran; Liang, Chyi-Lyi; Jha, Manoj K.; Hashemi Beni, Leila; Kurkalova, Lyubov A.; Mulrooney, Timothy J.; Monty, Gregory H. |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Institutional and Behavioral Economics |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304527&r=all |